DESC: FORM 2

THE PATENT ACT 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)

“INTEGRATED CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATER”

Honey Clean Technologies Ltd
an Indian Company, registered under the Indian company’s Act 1956 and having its registered office at 701, 7th Floor, Chenoy Trade Centre
Park Lane, Secunderabad – 500 003

The following specification particularly describes the nature of the invention and manner in which it is to be performed.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to water treatment plant and a process for the treatment of waste water. Particularly, the present invention relates to Integrated Constructed wetlands and a process for treating waste water to reduce the TDS, COD, BOD and TSS using integrated constructed wetlands.

BACK GROUND OF THE INVENTION
Most of the waste water that is generated from various sources specifically from industries is complex in nature. Many treatment options are available but they have drawbacks like high maintenance, high cost of operation etc. One of the options is constructed wetland which includes one or more treatment cells having a soil, fine stone, organic and/or synthetic material substrate cap covering a further substrate media accommodating the wastewater to be treated. The substrate cap is populated by natural plants having root systems extending within the substrate. The plant root systems extend from the substrate downward into the wastewater being treated, and the roots serve to physically and/or biologically mediate the removal of undesirable components from the wastewater so as to cleanse and thus treat the wastewater.
The constructed wetland includes a treated water discharge conduit for discharging the flowing water into a desired after treatment water utilization modality, such as to discharge to the ground or to a body of water or reuse. This constructed wetlands have some drawbacks such as it cannot stand alone treat TDS, very high levels of COD. It also has some other disadvantages such as more land usage for treatment etc.
The present invention is the development of an integrated apparatus which will work synergically with CWs such as Electrolysis and aeration. This system will provide cost effective and sustainable solutions with less retention time for all the complicated waste water apart from its present usage in include treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters, urban storm water, acid mine drainage (AMD), landfill leachate, domestic waste, sewage water, contaminated ponds, lakes rivers and maintenance of water body and agricultural runoff.
Constructed wetland treatment technology is presently being used world-wide for the efficient and cost-effective treatment of a variety of wastewater effluents, present applications include treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters, urban storm-water, acid mine drainage (AMD), landfill leachate and agricultural runoff, However, as an emerging technology, which needs improvements or modifications to enhance performance and provide long-term and consistent performance reducing the levels of TDS, BOD, COD and TSS to maximum extent in various kinds of waste water with low cost and in less time.

Description of the related art:
US Patent 7,641,798 B1 describes a waste water treatment apparatus has micro-nano bubbles generation tanks, mixing tanks, a submerged membrane tank, a contact oxidation tank, and an activated charcoal adsorption device. In the micro-nano bubbles generation tanks, micro-nano bubbles are added to the waste water. In the mixing tanks, the waste water containing micro-nano bubbles is mixed with sludge containing microorganisms. In the contact oxidation tank, the waste water containing organic compounds are microbially treated by the micro-nano bubbles added to the waste water. The micro-nano bubbles activate microorganisms in the waste water. Thereby organic compounds are microbially decomposed with effect.
U S Patent 6,572,771 describes an apparatus for treatment of waste water having an introduction tank, a main treatment tank, a calcium hydroxide tank, a polychlorinated aluminum tank, a macromolecular flocculant tank, a settling tank, and a concentration tank. Waste water is introduced through the introduction tank into a lower part of the main treatment tank through a lower inlet pipe. Also, return sludge from the concentration tank and silicon sludge from a silicon waste water treatment system are introduced into an upper part of the main treatment tank. The silicon recovered from silicon waste water is recycled for treatment of fluorine waste water. Also, unreacted chemicals, which have been loaded in the calcium hydroxide tank, polychlorinated aluminum tank, macromolecular flocculant tank, are recycled.
United States Patent Application 2002/0166812A1 discloses a sewage treatment plant where a source of sewage is coupled to a septic tank by an influent line. The outlet line is coupled to a sewage treatment plant by an outlet line. Sewage travels from the source to the septic tank where solid matter is filtered. Liquid matter passes through the septic tank into the outlet line where it is transported to the sewage treatment plant to be treated. The outlet line may consist of an indefinite number of intermediary lines and valves, such as an effluent line adjacent to the septic tank, a distribution line adjacent to the sewage treatment plant, and a valve disposed in between the effluent line and the distribution line. The valve may be coupled to a leach field so that liquid matter traveling from the effluent line to the valve may be directed either to the leach field or the distribution line leading to the sewage treatment plant. Is also discloses methods of retrofitting existing sewage systems to include a septic tank coupled to a sewage treatment plant, thereby alleviating demand on any existing leach fields as well as the sewage treatment plant.
US Patent Application publication 2010/0243544A1 discloses control a water storing quantity of reuse water which is stored by a sewage treatment apparatus of a satellite treatment plant. The sewage treatment apparatus of the present invention comprises: a membrane separation active-sludge treating section which performs a biological treatment on a part of sewage, which is introduced by a water introducing section while flowing through a sewer trunk line, to generate first treated sewage; a membrane highly treating section which performs a membrane high treatment on said first treated sewage to generate second treated sewage; a membrane treating tank which stores said first treated sewage; a membrane highly treating tank which stores said second treated sewage; water level sensors which respectively measure water level of said membrane treating tank and said membrane highly treating tank; and a power-control section which controls water introducing quantity of said water introducing section on the basis of the water level data measured by said water level sensors.
Japanese patent application publication JP 2004-321959A discloses a waste liquid treatment apparatus. In the waste liquid treatment apparatus, ozone gas generated by an ozonizer and waste liquid drawn from the bottom of a treatment tank are fed to a micro bubble generator through a pressurization pump. The generated ozone micro bubbles are fed from openings of a gas blowout pipe into the waste liquid in the treatment tank.
Sheng H.Lin et al Water research vol. 30 (3), 1996, pg.587-592 discloses treatment of textile wastewaters and activated sludge from a large dyeing and finishing mill by a continuous process of combined chemical coagulation, electrochemical oxidation.
Hong Liu etal Environ. Sci. Technol., 2004, 38 (7), pp 2281–2285 discloses the method of treating biological wastewater treatment (removal of chemical oxygen demand; COD). And producing electricity simultaneously using Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) from different compounds, including acetate, lactate, and glucose and domestic wastewater with a single chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) containing eight graphite electrodes (anodes) and a single air cathode. The system was operated under continuous flow conditions with primary clarifier effluent obtained from a local wastewater treatment plant. The prototype SCMFC reactor generated electrical power (maximum of 26 mW m-2) while removing up to 80% of the COD of the wastewater.

R.M.Gersberg et al Water research vol. 20 (3), 1986, pg. 363-368 discloses use of artificial wetlands having three higher aquatic plant types, Scirpus validus (bulrush), Phragmites communis (common reed) and Typha latifola (cattail), in the removal of nitrogen (via sequential nitrification-denitrification), BOD and TSS from primary municipal wastewaters. the mean ammonia concentration of 24.7 mg l-1 in the primary wastewater inflow (hydraulic application rate = 4.7 cm day-1) was reduced to mean effluent levels of 1.4 mg l-1 for the bulrush bed, 5.3 mg l-1 for the reed bed and 17.7 mg l-1for the cattail bed, as compared to a mean value of 22.1 mg l-1 for the unvegetated (control) bed. The bulrushes and reeds (in that order) proved to be superior at removing ammonia, both with mean effluent levels significantly below that for the cattail bed. The high ammonia-N (and total N) removal efficiencies shown by the bulrush and reed beds are attributed to the ability of these plants to translocate O2from the shoots to the roots. The oxidized rhizosphere so formed stimulates sequential nitrification-denitrification. Similarly BOD removal efficiencies were highest in the bulrush and reed beds, both with mean effluent BOD levels (5.3 and 22.2 mg l-1, respectively). The results demonstrated that higher aquatic plants can indeed play a significant role in secondary and advanced (N removal) wastewater treatment by wetland systems, a role that is completely distinct from that associated with their pollutant uptake capacity.
D.Georgiou et al Water research vol. 37 (9), 2003, pg. 2248-2250 discloses textile wastewater treatment process aiming at the destruction of the wastewater's color by means of coagulation/flocculation techniques using ferrous sulfate and/or lime. All the experiments were run in a pilot plant that simulated an actual industrial wastewater treatment plant. Treatment with lime alone proved to be very effective in removing the color (70–90%) and part of the COD (50–60%) from the textile wastewater. however; it was proved to be very costly mainly due to the massive production of solids that precipitated.
There are several types of conventional waste water treatment plants known for treating sewage, industrial waste, agricultural run off water and waste water from other sources which uses any single technology for treating specific contaminants of waster water but no where this kind of integrated system is found or used or reported.
The aforementioned conventional technologies have the following disadvantages namely:
1) Conventional wetlands cannot reduce TDS, BOD,COD and TSS levels to the regulatory
limits.
2) Electrodes have to be replaced very frequently.
3) Current reported methods can’t reduce heavy metals.
4) Tedious process is involved.
6) Abnormal Colour development beyond regulatory limit is observed
7) Involves generation of tremendous heat and intolerable odour.
8) Expensive and non eco-friendly
9) Involves hazardous chemicals
10) Involves generation of hazardous chemicals as bye products.
As is stated above, there has not conventionally been known a method for effectively treat various kinds of waste water to reduce TDS, COD, BOD to the levels of regulatory limits that too at low costs and feasible at commercial level by simple and eco-friendly process.
Thus, it is an object of this invention to counter the above problems/complications and make constructed wetlands an appropriate method for waste water treatment using an apparatus which can complement the constructed wetlands.
The present invention is the development of an integrated system which will work synergically with CW such as Electrolysis and aeration. This system will provide cost effective and sustainable solutions with less retention time for all the complicated waste water apart from its present usage in include treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters, urban storm water, acid mine drainage (AMD), landfill leachate, domestic waste, sewage water, contaminated ponds, lakes rivers and maintenance of water body and agricultural runoff.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to water treatment plant and a process for the treatment of waste water. Particularly, the present invention relates to Integrated Constructed wetlands and a process for treating waste water to reduce the TDS, COD, BOD and TSS using integrated constructed wetlands.
In one aspect, the present invention relates to an integrated constructed wetlands comprising of:
i. a first Chamber (A) which receives waste water from the main source; and
ii. Chamber (B) which disburses received water from chamber A of step (i) into the
a. treatment tank for treating TDS; and
iii. Chamber (C) which collects water from chamber B of step (ii) and settles the
a. suspended sludge/salts and other free floating particulate matter in the form of
b. TSS; and
iv. Chamber (D) which aerates the waster water received from chamber (C) of step (iii) for reducing COD and BOD using ozone; and
v. Chamber (E) comprises of wetlands and an open water body which receives water from chamber D of step (iv) for further reducing BOD, COD and other organic waste components to the zero discharge level;
vi. Optionally Chamber (F) which comprises UV chamber so as to remove the microbes, bacteria or harmful organisms; and
vii. optionally Chamber (G) which comprises Reverse osmosis unit for making the water suitable for all portable applications.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a process for treating waste water using integrated constructed wetlands comprising the steps of:
a) introducing waste water as treatment-receiving-water into a first chamber A for separating the floating contaminants; and
b) transferring the waste water from chamber A of step (a) into the chamber B for treating TDS by electrolysis; and
c) transferring the semi treated waste water of chamber B to the chamber C for collecting and settling of suspended sludge, salts; and
d) subjecting the water received from chamber C into the chamber D for aeration to reduce BOD and COD using ozone; and
e) transferring the treated water of chamber D into chamber E comprising wetlands and open water body for further reducing BOD, COD and other organic waste components to the zero discharge level by using natural plants and microbes.

The constructed wetlands also includes: facultative bacteria; a substrate (such as gravel) for the bacteria; vegetation or aquatic plants to utilize the nutrients and reduce the nutrient level; these constructed wetlands may also work on technologies such as Phytoremediation / Phyto-technologies and bioremediation and finally the treated water is transferred to the main pond usually which is by gravity. Such a system may be a waterfall feature and may lead to natural ornamental pond.
This integrated system, apparatus and method of the present invention meets the foregoing objects, enhance water clarity, reduce nutrient level, minimize the use of undesirable chemical additives, remove undesirable suspended and settled matter and employ the use of constructed wetlands.

Brief description of the Figures
The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:
Fig. 1: is a cross section view of Holding tank.
Fig. 2: is a schematic block diagram of Electrolysis chamber.
Fig. 3: is a schematic block diagram of arrangement of electrodes in the electrolysis
chamber.
Fig. 4: is a schematic block diagram showing the flow of electrolyte in the integrated
wet land.
Fig. 5: is a schematic block diagram of ozonolysis process in ozone chamber.
Fig. 6: is a schematic block diagram of constructed wet land
Fig. 7: is a schematic block diagram showing a Integrated Constructed wetlands for
treating waste water containing various wastes including organic deposits.
Fig. 8: Flow diagram showing a Integrated Constructed wetlands for
treating waste water containing various wastes including organic deposits.
Advantages of the present invention:
1) Less human intervention and more automation of the total unit;
2) Can able to treat and reduce the TDS,COD,BOD and TSS of various kinds of waste water like sanitation, industrial, urban storm, acid mine drainage, landfill leachate and agricultural runoff to the desired limits;
3) Electrodes can long lasts for years, no frequent replacement of the electrodes is required;
4) Involves use of Natural wet lands;
5) Electrolysis circuit is modified to reduce the heating of water. Salts are settled and removed; no smell;
7) Modified anode and cathodes are used;
8) H2 is generated in Electrolysis can be used as power source;
9) Ozoniser by venture system or diffusion with HVOs / LVOs; TSS are reduced in
Ozoniser;
10) Constructed wet lands as common operated in two or more operations which can be altered based on the contaminants of waste water taken for treatment;
10) Constructed wet lands;
11) Vertical flow of water can reduce COD and horizontal flow of water can reduce BOD;
12) Involves Hydrology technology;
13) The power used can be DC / AC or power from Solar or any other conventional energy
Source;
14) Aquatic, Semi aquatic, marginal, topical, sub tropical;
15) Per KL 1500 Rs to 400 rs;
16) Wetlands can be less expensive to build than other treatment options;
17) Involves natural processes; Involves simple construction (can be constructed with local materials);
18) Involves simple operation and maintenance;
19) Cost effectiveness (low construction and operation costs);
20) Process stability; Less retention time;
21) Eco-friendly and commercially viable.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to water treatment apparatus and a process for the treatment of waste water. Particularly, the present invention relates to Integrated Constructed wetlands and a process for treating waste water to reduce the TDS, COD, BOD and TSS using integrated constructed wetlands.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides an integrated constructed wetlands comprising of:
i) Chamber (A) which receives waste water from the main source;
ii) Chamber (B) which disburses received water from chamber (A)of step (i) into the treatment tank for treating TDS;
iii) Chamber (C) which collects water from chamber (B) of step (ii) and settles the suspended sludge/salts and other free floating particulate matter in the form of TSS;
iv) Chamber (D) which aerates the water received from chamber (C) of step (iii) for
reducing COD and BOD;
(v) Chamber (E) comprises of wetlands and an open water body which receives water from chamber D of step (iv) for further reducing BOD, COD and other organic waste components to the zero discharge level;
(vi) Optionally Chamber (F) which comprises UV chamber so as to remove the microbes, bacteria or harmful organisms; and
(vii) optionally Chamber (G) which comprises Reverse osmosis unit for making the water suitable for all portable applications.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for treating waste water using integrated constructed wetlands comprising the steps of:
a) introducing waste water as treatment-receiving-water into a first chamber A for separating the floating contaminants; and
b) transferring the waste water from chamber A of step (a) into the chamber B by conventional methods for treating TDS by electrolysis; and
c) transferring the semi treated waste water of chamber B to the chamber C by conventional methods for collecting and settling of suspended sludge, salts; and
d) subjecting the semi treated waste water received from chamber C in chamber D to aeration for reducing BOD and COD using ozone; and
e) transferring the treated water of chamber D by conventional methods into chamber E comprising wetlands and open water body for further reducing BOD, COD and other organic waste components to the zero discharge level by using natural plants and microbes.

Chamber A: is a main receiving chamber which is hollow and made of steel or lined or cement having closed boundaries in rectangle shape which is either closed or open on the top side which receives waste water that is to be treated from the main source from below by a hollow pipe.
Chamber B: is an electrolysis chamber made of non-corrosive metal with all sides closed and comprising of metallic electrodes namely anode rod (+ve) and cathode rod (-ve) on either sides of the walls of the chamber where the waste water is subjected to electrolysis which involves the ionisation and release of electrons takes place by which TDS is treated.
Chamber C: is a hollow chamber made of non-corrosive metal with all sides closed open on top which is used for collecting and settling of suspended sludge, salts and other floating matter of waste water.
Chamber D: is an aeration chamber which is made of non-corrosive metal with all sides closed sides where the waste water is further treated with ozone gas by ozonation
Chamber E: is open landscape comprising of constructed wetland and open water body which includes one or more treatment cells having a soil, fine stone, organic and/or synthetic material substrate cap covering a further substrate media accommodating the waste water to be treated. The substrate cap is populated by natural plants having root systems extending within the substrate. The plant root systems extend from the substrate downward into the wastewater being treated, and the roots serve to physically and/or biologically mediate the removal of undesirable components from the wastewater so as to cleanse and thus treat the wastewater.
Chamber F: The treated water from the above stage is allowed to pass through UV chamber so as to remove the microbes, bacteria or harmful organisms.
Chamber G: This water from the above process is allowed to pass from Reverse osmosis for making the water suitable for all portable applications.

The waste water treatment plant of the present invention includes:
(1) Holding Tank :
According to the present invention the holding tank will receive the waste water. The holding tank shall optionally contain microbes which shall involve in the activity called as bioremediation. The microbes may also pass through the different stages of the water treatment.
The main aim of this tank is to control the velocity of the waste water. The holding tank also helps in settling of suspended particulates and other particulate matter or any other contaminants which can be degraded by microbial action. The holding tank shall also act as a pumping station for the next process such as Electrolysis or O3 Or Constructed wetlands etc. This pump will be operated with timer control of both digital or analog or will be supported with a solenoid valve (optional).
(2) Electrolysis chamber :
According to the present invention, the waste water is treated batch wisely or continuously in an electrolyzing vessel or tank that has an anode and a cathode to which sufficient and stable direct current is applied from a power supply. The anode, for example, can be a dimensionally stable, and the cathode can be composed of a cathode rod or plates which are electrically connected, this anode and cathode can be of single or combination compound. The compounds as used herein can be iron compounds or iron and steel compound or any other alloy. Exemplary iron compounds include ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, and ferrous chloride. To make the system more efficient and sustainable a specific alloys are also made use for the above purpose which will not dissolve in the waste water rather settle in the bottom of the vessel or tank forming a sludge which will be non-toxic and highly inert. At the outset, wastewater is fed to the electrolyzing vessel or tank. Particulate carriers suitable for use in this invention include but are not limited to brick grains, sand, glass beads, synthetic resins, pumic, and artificial pellets.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the electrodes cathode and the anode are coated with the graphite which enhances the life of the electrodes and avoids the frequent replacement unlike the conventional methods.
Advantageously, the hydrogen gas generated herein can be collected and can be used as renewable energy.
The waste water from the above the process is allowed to run till the conductivity is reduced or the TDS of the desired levels are archived.
This water is then pumped into chamber D.

(3) Aeration chamber:
This process comprises the injection of oxygen or nitrogen or carbon dioxide or a combination of the gases in equal proportion of it can be a highly unstable/ reacting gas into a wastewater supply with the concentration being approximately
3% oxygen+ 92%Nitrogen + 5% carbon dioxide
92% oxygen+ 3%Nitrogen + 5% carbon dioxide
5% oxygen+ 92%Nitrogen + 3% carbon dioxide
3% oxygen+ 5%Nitrogen + 92% carbon dioxide
90% oxygen+ 2%Nitrogen + 5% carbon dioxide + 3% higher reactive gas mixture
or any of the other suitable combination based on achievement of results for reduction of COD, BOD, Colour and Odour.
In practice the ozone concentration is achieved by allowing a stream of air, in which the oxygen concentration has been increased to approximately 90-95% to pass through an ozone generator operating at a sufficient level to add from 1% to 3% ozone to the oxygen stream. The ozone/oxygen gas stream is then combined with wastewater having a high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and allowed to interact with the agents in the wastewater responsible for the high biochemical oxygen demand and high chemical oxygen demand. The action of the ozone/oxygen gas stream on the wastewater reduces the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and Chemical oxygen demand (COD) to substantially lower levels allowing release of the treated water from the plant and into the constructed wetlands avoiding additional water treatment costs. In addition the method reduces ammonia and total nitrogen in the wastewater.
The actual reaction mechanism by which the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia and total nitrogen in the wastewater are reduced using the inventive method have not been specifically identified. However, it is believed that the addition of a limited amount of ozone in oxygen serves to efficiently react with the most oxygen-active moieties in the wastewater while avoiding the breakdown or disruption of these molecules into smaller molecules thereby producing additional sites of oxygen reactivity. In addition, it is believed that the ozone enhances the ability of the action of the fluid entrained dissolved oxygen bubbles to attract and adhere to particulates in the solution and to thereby generate precipitates or flocculent particles in the solution which can be induced to rise to the solution surface.
In support of this result it has been observed that when higher concentrations of ozone (greater, generally, than approximately 5%) are used in the treatment of wastewater a negative and detrimental effect from the ozone is actually observed.
A portion of the wastewater is withdrawn after leaving pump and directed through a venturi tube or venturi injector where an ozone and oxygen gas mixture is drawn into, or injected, into the water stream as it passes through venturi tube. The low-pressure zone created in the venturi as the wastewater passes through the tube draws-in the gas mixture which is connected to the venturi by a line connecting the oxygen concentrator O2 to the ozone generator O3 and then to the venturi injector. Alternatively, the ozone/oxygen gas mixture could be injected into the waste water stream upon leaving the equalization basin. The method by which the gas mixture is created will be discussed hereinafter.
According to the present invention, once the gas mixture has been introduced into the diverted portion of waste water the diverted portion is recombined with the main body of the wastewater. The recombination is conducted before the main water stream enters transfer pump. In this manner the action of pump serves to mix the gas mixture into the wastewater. Upon being pumped from the equalization basin, and mixing with the gas mixture, the waste water is allowed to mix further together by passing the water through a series of coils. These coils are sometimes referred to as serpentine coils in which mixing of the wastewater with various other water treatment agents is affected.
According to the invention, after the water has been mixed in the serpentine coils, it passes into the dissolved air flotation unit (DAF) where a number of water-clearing activities occur. However, just prior to entry of the wastewater into the DAF the water is injected with compressed air. The introduction of compressed air into the wastewater provides bubbles in the water which attach themselves to small water-borne crystals and flakes of material in the solution and make this material buoyant.
The reactions between the ozone/oxygen gas mixture and the water contaminants and the addition of the fine gas bubbles resulting from the ozone/oxygen mixture and the compressed air have achieved a substantial reduction in the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and other contaminants of the wastewater.
This resultant waste water however contains some amount of BOD, COD and other waste water components, this is now further passed to E tank
E tank comprises of constructed wetlands and an open water body.
Constructed wet lands are commonly operated in two or more operations which can be altered based on the contaminants of waste water taken for treatment.
(4) Constructed wetlands:
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are human made basin according to engineering design that create ecological condition same to natural wetlands for treating waste water in different physical, chemical and biological conditions. The constructed wetlands may also work on technologies such as Phytoremediation / Phyto-technologies and bioremediation depending on the type of waste water characters and finally the treated water is transferred to the main pond usually which is by gravity or by any conventional method. Such a system may be a waterfall feature and may lead to natural ornamental pond. All types of CWs are attached with growth bioreactor while media material and roots, stems, leaves, and litter of wetland vegetation provide the surface for microbial attachment.
Two categories of constructed wetlands treatment technology are currently recognized these are Free Water Surface (FWS) Systems which are similar to a natural marsh, and Subsurface Flow (SSF) Systems.
Among the various classifications listed, for the present invention subsurface flow constructed wetlands have been considered, this invention can be applied for all the other types/classifications including Phytoremediation.
There are mainly two types of flow directions used in these wetlands. These are horizontal flow (HF) and vertical flow (VF) and combination of the two called hybrid flow, HF wetland is approved well to remove BOD and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) for secondary wastewater treatment but not for nitrification due to the limited oxygen transfer capacity. As a result there has been a growing interest in VF wetland because they have a much greater oxygen transfer capacity and considerably less area requirement than HF. But VF wetlands also have some limitation like less efficient in solids removal and can become clogged if the media selection is not correct. Due to these reasons, there has been a growing interest in combined hybrid wetlands.
In these systems, the advantages and disadvantages of the HF and VF can be combined to complement each other.
Depending on the purpose and requirement, hybrid wetlands used could be either HF wetland followed by VF wetland or VF wetland followed by HF wetland.
The overall size of the wetland system is determined primarily by the types and levels of contaminants present. Components that make up the wetland treatment systems are determined by: physical layout (area requirements, water depth, number of cells, cell shape, flow velocity, wastewater retention time, and substrate); flora (algae, bacteria, mosses, plants, planting practices); weather (storm water runoff); and maintenance requirements (dredging, sediment build up, plant growth control, and pest control)
The constructed wetlands pond also includes: facultative bacteria; a substrate (such as gravel) for the bacteria; charcoal, vegetation or aquatic plants to utilize the nutrients and reduce the nutrient level; and finally the treated water to the main pond usually which is by gravity. Such a system may be a waterfall feature.
Constructed wetlands have been used as secondary treatment plan for domestic wastewater, industrial and agricultural wastewater, tertiary treatment, polishing wastewater, urban runoff and contaminated groundwater. Constructed wetlands could categorize depending on type of macrophytes and flow regime. Constructed wetlands based on the type of macrophytes being used are classified into 4 groups namely, Free-floating Macrophytes, Floating-leaved Macrophytes, Submerged macrophytes, Emergent Macrophytes and but not limited to the above said plants. Any species which can get adopted to the wetland conditions and have phytoremedial properties can be used and constructed wetlands depending on wastewater flow regime could be named as Free Water Surface (FWS), Subsurface Flow (SSF). Also subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW) subdivided to two types according to direction and pattern of wastewater flow that pass trough media matrix of CW as horizontal and vertical subsurface flow.

Free water surface constructed wetland (FWSCW):

FWSCW is consist of shallow basins that filled by various materials, commonly soil, sand and gravel that supports the root of plans and wastewater flow direction are normally arranged horizontally

Subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW):
In SSFCW, wastewater surface is usually below of the surface of media matrix. Wastewater could flow horizontally or vertically in media matrix. In this system, media material is an important factor because it could avoid clogging to ensure a sufficient hydraulic conductivity.
The different types of CWs could be combined together on various configurations to formation combined- system, which called “hybrid constructed wetlands”. Hybrid CWs are used to achieve higher efficiency wastewater treatment rather than single CW, particularly in removal of nutrients components. Much configuration design for hybrid CWs have been established, such as series FWS and SSF, Vertical SSF (VSSF) and Horizontal SSF (HSSF).
In hybrid systems, the advantages of various systems can be combined and improve the wastewater treatment plan efficiency. For example, the total nitrogen (TN) removal (nitrification/denitrification) needs an aerobic/anaerobic condition which would be provided by combination of FWS, VSSF (aerobic condition) and HSSF (anaerobic condition)
Application of hybrid CW for treatment of waste water coming from Tank D
wastewater from tank D is recognized with COD, Color, Metals, Nutrients, BOD, indicator organisms like E. coli and organic contaminants.
This waste water is passed through the CW’s which can be either the combination of single stage or two stage or three stage or multiple stage. It can be SSF, VSSF HSSF or combination.
In one embodiment, the COD can be reduced to maximum extent by vertical flow (VF) and the BOD can be reduced to maximum extent by horizontal flow (HF).
These CWs will have the retention of one to two days or may range to many days depending on the characteristics of the waste water to be treated.
In one embodiment, the integrated constructed wetlands will work synergically on processes such as electrolysis and aeration
In one embodiment of the present invention, the Integrated constructed wetlands comprising electrolysis, aeration and constructed wetlands, and optionally RO membranes can be effective in treating waste water but not limited to treat Industrial wastewater, domestic, Landfill leachate, Municipal and Agricultural wastewater but also has several other advantages like Land requirement can be reduced than the traditional CWs, the efficiency of treated water efficiency is increased, the retention time can be reduced
and avoiding the use of disinfectants.
In another embodiment of the present invention, aeration is carried out by ozonation using different ozonisers.
This plant consists of pre-treatment chambers which can handle the high TDS water and reduce the salinity to normal levels (less than 500 ppm), the second stage is aerating to reduce the cod and settling of the sludge that is generated during the process. This resultant water is allowed to pass from CWs for final polishing. The resultant water is well suitable for almost all purposes such as irrigation, landscape, washing, flushing etc.
Advantageously, the integrated constructed wetlands of present invention can effectively reduce the TDS, BOD, COD and TSS levels to the level of regulatory limits.
Advantageously, the entire system can be operated by solar power instead of direct current (DC) or alternate current (AC) which makes it even more economical.
This integrated constructed wetlands will provide cost effective and sustainable solutions with less retention time for all the complicated waste water apart from its present usage in include treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters, urban storm water, acid mine drainage (AMD), landfill leachate, domestic waste, sewage water, contaminated ponds, lakes rivers and maintenance of water body and agricultural runoff.
In one embodiment, the resulted bye products in the process of waste water treatment of present invention can be recovered and recycled for further use.
The integrated constructed wetlands and a process of treating waste water of present invention thus being described above, it will be obvious that the invention may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the operation of constructed wetlands are coupled with either of electrolysis and aeration or combined with both.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention the sequence of operations in the integrated constructed wetlands are varied based on the requirement of the waste water to be treated.
For example the operations of constructed wetlands, electrolysis and aeration are done sequentially or the operations are interchanged. The same is applicable when two or more operations are done.

Experimental Performance Results:
Results of previous investigations, listed by the type of effluent or stream treated, are summarized in Table
Table 1
S.No. Parameter Free- Water System (%) Subsurface System
(%) Combination
(%)
1 COD 60-90% 70-80% 80-90%
2 BOD 70-90% 90-92% 77-95%
3 TSS 53-89% 80-82% 58-98%

Table 2 :
Performance data – final open pond
S.No. Parameter Removal Efficiency (%)
1 BOD 90-95%
2 TSS 85-95%
3 COD 70-95%
4 Total Phosphorus 60-85%
5 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 70-95%
6 Ammonium Nitrogen 70-95%
,CLAIMS:1. An integrated constructed wetlands comprising of:
i) Chamber (A) which receives waste water from the main source;
ii) Chamber (B) which disburses received water from chamber A of step (i) into the treatment tank for treating TDS;
iii) Chamber (C) which collects water from chamber B of step (ii) and settles the suspended sludge/salts and other free floating particulate matter in the form of TSS;
iv) Chamber (D) which aerates the waste water received from chamber (C) of step (iii) for reducing COD and BOD; and
v) Chamber (E) comprises of wetlands and an open water body which receives water from chamber D of step (iv) for further reducing BOD, COD and other organic waste components to the zero discharge level;
vi) Optionally Chamber (F) which comprises UV chamber so as to remove the microbes, bacteria or harmful organisms; and
vii) optionally Chamber (G) which comprises Reverse osmosis unit for making the water suitable for all portable applications.

2. The integrated constructed wetlands according to the claims 1 and 2, wherein the Chamber A is a main receiving chamber which is hollow and made of steel metal having closed boundaries in rectangle shape which is either closed or open on the top side which receives waste water that is to be treated from the main source from below by a hollow pipe;
the Chamber B is an electrolysis chamber made of non-corrosive metal with all sides closed and comprising of metallic electrodes namely anode rod (+ve) and cathode rod (-ve) on either sides of the walls of the chamber where the waste water is subjected to electrolysis which involves the ionisation and release of electrons takes place by which TDS is treated;
the Chamber C is a hollow chamber made of non-corrosive metal with all sides closed open on top which is used for collecting and settling of suspended sludge, salts and other floating matter of waste water;
the Chamber D is an aeration chamber which is made of non-corrosive metal with all sides closed sides where the waste water is further treated with ozone gas by ozonation; and
the Chamber E is open landscape comprising of constructed wetland and open water body which includes one or more treatment cells having a soil, fine stone, organic and/or synthetic material substrate cap covering a further substrate media accommodating the waste water to be treated.

3. The Integrated constructed wetlands which comprising the steps of electrolysis, aeration and consisting of constructed wetlands and optionally RO membranes can be effective in treating waste water from different source.

4. The integrated constructed wetlands as illustrated in Figure 7.
5. Use integrated constructed wetlands according to the claim 1, for treatment of the waste water from various sources.
6. A process for treating waste water using integrated constructed wetlands comprising the steps of:
a) introducing waste water as treatment-receiving-water into a first chamber A for separating the floating contaminants;
b) transferring the waste water from chamber (A) of step (a) into the chamber B for treating TDS by electrolysis;
c) transferring the semi treated waste water of chamber (B) to the chamber C for collecting and settling of suspended sludge, salts;
d) subjecting the water received from chamber (C) into the chamber D for aeration to reduce BOD and COD; and
e) transferring the treated water of chamber (D) into chamber (E) comprising wetlands and open water body for further reducing BOD, COD and other organic waste components to the zero discharge level by using natural plants and microbes.

7. The process according to the claim 1, wherein the operation of constructed wetlands are coupled with either of electrolysis and aeration or combined with both.

8. The process according to the claim 6, wherein the sequence of operations in the integrated constructed wetlands is varied based on the requirement of the waste water to be treated.

9. The process according to the claim 1, wherein aeration is carried out by ozonation using different ozonisers.

10. Integrated constructed wetlands effectively reduce the TDS, BOD, COD and TSS levels to the level of regulatory limits.