Specification
A CONTAINER, A CLOSURE FOR A CONTAINER, AND A BASE FOR
A CONTAINER
[0001] This application claims priority f om United States
Provisional Patent Application No. 61/356,364, filed June 18,
2010, and incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention relates to the field of containers, and
more specifically, to a container having a closure with
tamper- indicating and locking mechanisms and a base for mating
with test equipment.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Current containers for various substances such as test
samples, beverages, foods, medicines and the like are provided
with re-sealable closures. Such closures provide a benefit to
the user in that the containers can be tightly sealed and
resealed after opening. Although re-sealable containers
provide benefits to users, by their nature they permit
unauthorized and sometimes undetectable tampering with the
substance. Accordingly, many containers include tamperindicating
closures, which are designed to make it apparent to
a user that a container has been opened.
[0004] One problem with current tamper- indicating closures, such
as tamper evident bands on soft drink bottle closures, is that
they do not allow for secure locking of the container after an
initial opening.
[0005] A need therefore exists for an improved container, a
closure for a container, and a base for a container.
Accordingly, a solution that addresses, at least in part, the
above and other shortcomings is desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] According to one aspect of the invention, there is
provided a container, comprising: a body; and, a closure;
wherein the closure has a lid hinged to a ring mounted on the
body, the lid moveable from an open position to a closed
position; wherein the lid has a tab hinged thereto for:
inserting into and engaging a slot formed in the ring as the
lid is moved to the closed position from the open position to
thereby lock the lid in the closed position; or, receiving and
engaging a pin head of a pin mounted on the ring in a hole
formed in the tab to thereby hold the lid in the closed
position, the pin configured to detach from the ring when the
tab and lid are returned to the open position. The container
may include a recess formed in a base of the body for mating
the container with test equipment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] Features and advantages of the embodiments of the present
invention will become apparent from the following detailed
description, taken in combination with the appended drawings,
in which:
[0008] FIG. 1 is a left side view illustrating a container with
its lid in an opened position with pin attached in accordance
with an embodiment of the invention;
[0009] FIG. 2 is a front view illustrating the container of FIG.
1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0010] FIG. 3 is a right side view illustrating the container of
FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0011] FIG. 4 is a rear view illustrating the container of FIG.
1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0012] FIG. 5 is a top view illustrating the container of FIG. 1
in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0013] FIG. 6 is a bottom view illustrating the container of
FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0014] FIG. 7 is a top perspective view illustrating the
container of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention;
[0015] FIG. 8 is a bottom perspective view illustrating the
container of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention;
[0016] FIG. 9 is a left side view illustrating the container of
FIG. 1 with its lid in a held closed position in accordance
with an embodiment of the invention;
[0017] FIG. 10 is a front view illustrating the container of
FIG. 9 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0018] FIG. 11 is a right side view illustrating the container
of FIG. 9 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0019] FIG. 12 is a rear view illustrating the container of FIG.
9 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0020] FIG. 13 is a top view illustrating the container of FIG.
9 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0021] FIG. 14 is a bottom view illustrating the container of
FIG. 9 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0022] FIG. 15 is a top perspective view illustrating the
container of FIG. 9 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention;
[0023] FIG. 16 is a bottom perspective view illustrating the
container of FIG. 9 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention;
[0024] FIG. 17 is a left side view illustrating the container of
FIG. 1 with its lid in an opened position with pin detached in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0025] FIG. 18 is a front view illustrating the container of
FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0026] FIG. 19 is a right side view illustrating the container
of FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0027] FIG. 20 is a rear view illustrating the container of FIG.
17 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0028] FIG. 21 is a top view illustrating the container of FIG.
17 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0029] FIG. 22 is a bottom view illustrating the container of
FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0030] FIG. 23 is a top perspective view illustrating the
container of FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention;
[0031] FIG. 24 is a bottom perspective view illustrating the
container of FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention;
[0032] FIG. 25 is a left side view illustrating the container of
FIG. 1 with its lid in a locked closed position with pin
detached in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0033] FIG. 26 is a front view illustrating the container of
FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0034] FIG. 27 is a right side view illustrating the container
of FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0035] FIG. 28 is a rear view illustrating the container of FIG.
25 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0036] FIG. 29 is a top view illustrating the container of FIG.
25 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0037] FIG. 30 is a bottom view illustrating the container of
FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0038] FIG. 31 is a top perspective view illustrating the
container of FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention;
[0039] FIG. 32 is a bottom perspective view illustrating the
container of FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention;
[0040] FIG. 33 is cross sectional view illustrating the
container of FIG. 1 with its lid in a locked closed position
with pin attached and with a test element installed in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0041] FIG. 34 is a detail view illustrating the base of the
container of FIG. 1 without a test element installed in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
[0042] FIG. 35 is a detail view illustrating the closure of the
container FIG. 33 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention; and,
[0043] FIG. 36 is a partial cross sectional view illustrating
the container of FIG. 33 installed in test equipment in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0044] It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings,
like features are identified by like reference numerals.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0045] In the following description, details are set forth to
provide an understanding of the invention. In some instances,
certain structures and techniques have not been described or
shown in detail in order not to obscure the invention.
[0046] FIG. 1 is a left side view illustrating a container 100
with its lid 130 in an opened position 190 with pin 160
attached in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view illustrating the container 100 of FIG.
1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 3 is
a right side view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 1 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 4 is a
rear view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 1 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 5 is a
top view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 1 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 6 is a
bottom view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 1 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 7 is a
top perspective view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 1
in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. And, FIG. 8
is a bottom perspective view illustrating the container 100 of
FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0047] According to one embodiment, the container (or cartridge
or test cartridge) 100 includes a hollow container body 110
and a closure 120. The body 110 and closure 120 may be formed
from a clear or opaque material such as glass, plastic, or
metal. Plastics used may include polypropylene, polyethylene,
polyamide including nylon and variations of nylon, blends, and
copolymers of these. The closure 120 includes a lid 130 which
is movably coupled by a hinge 140 to a ring or collar 150
mounted or formed on the body 110. The ring 150 couples the
closure 120 to the body 110. The ring 150 may be a molded
feature of the body 110 or may be integral with the body 110.
[0048] The body 110 is shaped to hold a liquid or solid
substance. According to one embodiment, the substance may be a
liquid to be tested. According to one embodiment, the body 110
may be cylindrical in shape having a side wall 200, a base
500, and an opening 600 at the top 610 of the body 110 which
may be sealed by the closure 120.
[0049] The closure 120 includes a tab 170 which is movably
coupled by a hinge 180 to the lid 130. The tab 170 has an
opening or hole 620 formed therein for receiving a
compressible head 161 of a pin 160 having a shaft 162 that is
mounted on the ring 150 over an opening or slot 400 formed
therein for receiving the leading edge 171 of the tab 170 and
a portion of the tab 170 itself.
[0050] FIG. 9 is a left side view illustrating the container 100
of FIG. 1 with its lid 130 in a held closed position 790 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 10 is a
front view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 9 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 11 is a
right side view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 9 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 12 is a
rear view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 9 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 13 is a
top view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 9 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 14 is a
bottom view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 9 in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 15 is a
top perspective view illustrating the container 100 of FIG. 9
in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. And, FIG.
16 is a bottom perspective view illustrating the container 100
of FIG. 9 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
[0051] From the opened position 190 shown in FIG. 1 , the lid 130
of the closure 120 may be moved to the held closed position
790 shown in FIG. 9 by operation of the hinges 140 and 180.
[0052] In moving to the held closed position 790, the pin head
161 compresses to pass through the hole 620 formed in the tab
17 0 after which the pin head 161 expands to (or near to) its
original size to hold the lid 130 closed, the shaft 162 of the
pin 160 having a smaller diameter than that of the pin head
161. According to one embodiment, grooves or notches 163
formed in the pin head 161 allow the pin head 161 to compress
to pass through the hole 620 formed in the tab 170. The pin
head 161 may be tapered to allow it to more easily pass
through the hole 620 formed in the tab 170. The lid 130 may
engage the top portion of the side wall 200 (i.e., the portion
of the side wall 200 above the ring 150) in the closed
position 790 so as to render the container 100 at least
partially air and/or water tight.
[0053] FIG. 17 is a left side view illustrating the container
100 of FIG. 1 with its lid 130 in an opened position 1390 with
pin 160 detached in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention. FIG. 18 is a front view illustrating the container
100 of FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of the
invention. FIG. 19 is a right side view illustrating the
container 100 of FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of
the invention. FIG. 20 is a rear view illustrating the
container 100 of FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of
the invention. FIG. 21 is a top view illustrating the
container 100 of FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of
the invention. FIG. 22 is a bottom view illustrating the
container 100 of FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of
the invention. FIG. 23 is a top perspective view illustrating
the container of FIG. 17 in accordance with an embodiment of
the invention. And, FIG. 24 is a bottom perspective view
illustrating the container of FIG. 17 in accordance with an
embodiment of the invention.
[0054] From the held closed position 790 shown in FIG. 9 , the
lid 130 of the closure 120 may be moved to the opened (e.g.,
re-opened) position 1390 shown in FIG. 17 by operation of the
hinges 140 and 180.
[0055] In moving to the opened position 1390 from the held
closed position 790, the pin 160 is removed, broken away, or
detached from the ring 150 at the base 164 of the pin shaft
163 by lifting of the tab 170. The pin shaft 162 may be
friction mounted in an opening or hole 1400 formed in the ring
150 to facilitate the removal, breaking away, or detachment of
the pin 160 upon lifting of the tab 170. Alternatively, the
pin 160 may be a molded feature of the ring 150 or may be
integral with the ring 150. After breaking away, the pin 160
may be discarded. A container 100 with its pin 160 removed
indicates that it has been re-opened. In this way, the pin 160
acts as a tamper- indicator or tamper- indicating mechanism.
[0056] FIG. 25 is a left side view illustrating the container
100 of FIG. 1 with its lid 130 in a locked closed position
1990 with pin 160 detached in accordance with an embodiment of
the invention. FIG. 26 is a front view illustrating the
container 100 of FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment of
the invention. FIG. 27 is a right side view illustrating the
container 100 o f FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment o f
the invention. FIG. 28 is a rear view illustrating the
container 100 o f FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment o f
the invention. FIG. 29 is a top view illustrating the
container 100 o f FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment o f
the invention. FIG. 30 is a bottom view illustrating the
container 100 o f FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment o f
the invention. FIG. 31 is a top perspective view illustrating
the container 100 o f FIG. 25 in accordance with an embodiment
o f the invention. And, FIG. 31 is a bottom perspective view
illustrating the container 100 o f FIG. 25 in accordance with
an embodiment o f the invention.
[0057] FIG. 33 is cross sectional view illustrating the
container 100 o f FIG. 1 with its lid 130 in a locked closed
position 1990 with pin 160 attached and with a test element
590 installed in accordance with an embodiment o f the
invention. FIG. 34 is a detail view illustrating the base 500
o f the container 100 o f FIG. 1 without a test element 590
installed in accordance with an embodiment o f the invention.
FIG. 35 is a detail view illustrating the closure 120 o f the
container 100 FIG. 33 in accordance with an embodiment o f the
invention. And, FIG. 36 is a partial cross sectional view
illustrating the container 100 o f FIG. 33 installed in test
equipment 2 800 in accordance with an embodiment o f the
invention.
[0058] From the opened position 1390 shown in FIG. 17, the lid
130 o f the closure 120 may b e moved to the locked closed
position 1990 shown in FIG. 25 by operation o f the hinges 140
and 180.
[0059] In moving to the locked closed position 1990, the leading
edge 171 of the tab 170 is pushed through the slot 400 formed
in the ring 170. Grooves or notches 800 formed on the outer
surface 810 of the tab 170 engage an inner edge 2300 of the
slot 400 formed in the ring 150 to thereby lock the lid 130
closed. The inner edge 2300 may be the lower front edge of the
slot 400. The leading edge 171 of the tab 170 may be rounded
to allow it to more easily pass through the slot 400 formed in
the ring 150. The slot 400 may be tapered to more tightly
engage the tab 170 and its notches 800. The inner edge 2300
may have a protrusion or tooth 2301 formed thereon for
engaging the grooves or notches 800 formed on the tab 170.
[0060] According to one embodiment, the tab 170 may be released
from the slot 400 by breaking away a portion 401 of the ring
150 over the slot 400. This portion 401 may have perforations
402 formed therein where it joins the ring 150 to facilitate
its breaking away when the tab 170 is pulled away from the
body 110 of the container 100.
[0061] According to one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 33 and 35,
the pin 160 may remain in place when the closure 120 is in the
locked closed (i.e., re-closed) 1990 position. Note that this
is not usually the way the container 100 would be used.
[0062] According to one embodiment, the closure 120 may be
formed or molded on the body 110 with the pin 160 inserted in
the hole 620 formed in the tab 170 of the lid 130. That is,
the container 100 may be delivered in the held closed position
790 shown in FIGS. 9-16. Such delivery may ensure sterility is
maintained inside the container 100 prior to use.
[0063] According to one embodiment, the base 500 of the
container 100 has a recess 510 formed therein to allow the
container 100 to mate with an optical alignment mount (or
raised cartridge mount) 2820 in an incubator, receptacle, or
test chamber 2810 in external test equipment (or a test
system) 2800 for testing a substance held within the container
100. The recess 510 may be circular in shape with an inward
sloping wall 520 (e.g., 65 degrees of arc) and flat base 530.
[0064] According to one embodiment, an inner recess 540 may be
formed in the base 530 to allow for the mounting or insertion
of a test element (e.g., a partition element, a siloxane
partition element, etc.) 590. An optical window 2830 of the
optical alignment mount 2820 of the test equipment 2800 allows
light to be transmitted to and received from the test element
590. The inner recess 540 may be circular in shape with a
vertical or near vertical wall 550 and a flat base 560.
[0065] According to one embodiment, an opening 580 may be formed
in the base 560 of the inner recess 540 to allow for the
mounting or insertion of the test element 590 to facilitate
tests conducted by the test equipment 2800. According to one
embodiment, the test element 590 may be co-molded with the
container 100. According to another embodiment, the test
element 590 may be inserted into the container 100 after
molding. According to one embodiment, the inner recess 540 may
have an annual bore 570 formed in its wall 550 at or near the
base 560. The inner recess 540 may be sized to receive the
test element 590 or a portion thereof to facilitate tests
conducted by the test equipment 2800.
[0066] The recesses 510, 540 formed in the container 100 provide
protection for the test element 590 by elevating it above the
level of the base 500. As such, the test element 590 is
separated from a surface upon which the container 100 may be
placed thereby reducing or preventing contamination and/or
damage of the test element 590.
[0067] The recess 510 formed in the base 500 along with the
optical alignment mount 2820 function to align or maintain the
container 100 in the test equipment 2800 in an position
optimized for the performance of optical devices 2840 (e.g.,
light emitting diodes ("LEDs"), lens, fiber optics, etc.)
contained within the optical alignment mount 2820.
[0068] In operation, according to one embodiment, the container
100 is delivered in the held closed position 790. The pin 160
being attached to the container 100 indicates that the
container 100 has not been tampered with. The lid 130 is
opened and the pin 160 is detached. A sample (e.g., water) is
placed in the container 100 along with a substrate that will
react with contaminants in the water to produce a detectable
product. The lid 130 o f the container 100 is then locked
closed 1990 by inserting the tab 170 of the lid 130 in the
slot 400 formed in the ring 150 of the closure 120. The
detectable product is partitioned by the test element (e.g., a
partition element, a siloxane partition element, etc.) 590
that has been pre-mounted in the container 100. The container
100 is placed in the test chamber or incubator 2810 within the
test equipment 2800 where it is locked in place by mating of
the recess 510 formed in the base 100 of the container and the
optical alignment mount 2820 formed in the incubator. The test
element 590 is illuminated by LEDs within the optical
alignment mount 2820 and the presence and amount of the
detectable product is determined using optical devices 2840
contained in the optical alignment mount 2820 and in the test
equipment 2 800.
[0069] Thus, according to one embodiment, there is provided a
container 100 comprising: a body 110; and, a closure 120;
wherein the closure 120 has a lid 130 hinged 140 to a ring 150
mounted on the body 110, the lid 130 moveable from an open
position 190, 1390 to a closed position 790, 1990; wherein the
lid 130 has a tab 170 hinged 180 thereto for: inserting into
and engaging a slot 400 formed in the ring 150 as the lid 130
is moved to the closed position 1990 from the open position
190, 1390 to thereby lock the lid 130 in the closed position
1990; or, receiving and engaging a pin head 161 of a pin 160
mounted on the ring 150 in a hole 620 formed in the tab 170 to
thereby hold the lid 130 in the closed position 790, the pin
160 configured to detach from the ring 150 when the tab 170
and lid 130 are returned to the open position 1390. The
container 100 may include a recess 510 formed in a base 500 of
the body 110 for mating the container 100 with test equipment
2800. The container 100 may include a test element 590
disposed in the recess 510 such that a portion of the test
element 590 is in contact with a sample placed in the body
110. The test element 590 may be separated from a surface in
contact with the base 500. The test element 590 may be in
contact with the test equipment 2800. The contact may include
optical communication with the test equipment 2800. The test
element 590 may be integrated with material of the container
100. And, the test element 590 may comprise a material
different from that of the container 100.
[0070] According to another embodiment, there is provided a
method for storing a sample in a container 100 having a lid
130, comprising: initially providing the container 100 with
the lid 130 in a closed position 790, the container 100 having
a first indicator 160 confirming that the lid 130 has not been
opened; and, opening the lid 130, placing the sample in the
container 100, and closing the lid 130, including causing the
first indicator 160 to indicate that the lid 130 has been
opened and causing a second indicator 401 to indicate a closed
state of the lid 130 after a single opening. The first
indicator 160 may be indicative of a condition of an interior
of the container 100 prior to opening the lid 130 and the
second indicator 401 may be indicative of tampering with the
sample. For example, the first indicator 160 may be indicative
of a sterile condition of the interior of the container 100.
[0071] According to another embodiment, there is provided a
method for testing a sample for the presence of a molecule of
interest, comprising: combining in the container 100
(described above) the sample and a substance that can react
with the molecule of interest to produce an analyte; placing
the container 100 in test equipment 2800 such that the test
element 590 is in optical communication with the test
equipment 2800; and, optically detecting presence of the
analyte when it has partitioned into the test element 590;
wherein detection of the analyte in the test element 590
indicates presence of the molecule of interest in the sample.
The sample and the substance may be combined in the container
100 in a liquid phase and partitioning may include the analyte
moving from the liquid phase into the test element 590. The
molecule of interest may be an enzyme and the substance may
include a substrate for the enzyme. The enzyme may be
associated with a microorganism. The microorganism may be a
biological contaminant. And, the biological contaminant may be
a coliform bacteria.
[0072] The above embodiments may contribute to an improved
container 100 and closure 12 0 for a container 100 and may
provide one or more advantages. First, the closure 120 of the
container 100 allows for secure locking of the container 100
after an initial opening. Second, the pin 160 o f the closure
120 provides for a readily apparent tamper indication. Third,
the recesses 510, 540 formed in the base 500 of the container
100 provide protection for the test element 590.
[0073] The embodiments o f the invention described above are
intended to be exemplary only. Those skilled in this art will
understand that various modifications of detail may be made to
these embodiments, all of which come within the scope o f the
invention.
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1 . A container, comprising:
a body; and,
a closure;
wherein the closure has a lid hinged to a ring mounted
on the body, the lid moveable from an open position to a
closed position;
wherein the lid has a tab hinged thereto for: inserting
into and engaging a slot formed in the ring as the lid
is moved to the closed position from the open position
to thereby lock the lid in the closed position; or,
receiving and engaging a pin head of a pin mounted on
the ring in a hole formed in the tab to thereby hold the
lid in the closed position, the pin configured to detach
from the ring when the tab and lid are returned to the
open position.
2 . The container of claim 1 , further comprising a recess
formed in a base of the body for mating the container with
test equipment.
3 . The container of claim 2 , further comprising a test
element disposed in the recess such that a portion of the test
element is in contact with a sample placed in the body.
4 . The container of claim 3 , wherein the test element is
separated from a surface in contact with the base.
5 . The container of claim 3 , wherein the test element is in
contact with the test equipment.
6 . The container of claim 5 , wherein the contact includes
optical communication with the test equipment.
7 . The container of claim 3 , wherein the test element is
integrated with material of the container.
8 . The container of claim 3 , wherein the test element
comprises a material different from that of the container.
. A method for storing a sample in a container having a
lid, comprising:
initially providing the container with the lid in a
closed position, the container having a first indicator
confirming that the lid has not been opened; and,
opening the lid, placing the sample in the container,
and closing the lid, including causing the first
indicator to indicate that the lid has been opened and
causing a second indicator to indicate a closed state of
the lid after a single opening.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first indicator is
indicative of a condition of an interior of the container
prior to opening the lid and wherein the second indicator is
indicative of tampering with the sample.
1 . A method for testing a sample for the presence of a
molecule of interest, comprising:
combining in the container of claim 3 the sample and a
substance that can react with the molecule of interest to
produce an analyte;
placing the container in test equipment such that the
test element is in optical communication with the test
equipment; and,
optically detecting presence of the analyte when it has
partitioned into the test element;
wherein detection of the analyte in the test element
indicates presence of the molecule of interest in the
sample .
12. The method of claim 11, wherein sample and the substance
are combined in the container in a liquid phase and
partitioning includes the analyte moving from the liquid phase
into the test element.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein the molecule of interest
is an enzyme and the substance includes a substrate for the
enzyme .
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the enzyme is associated
with a microorganism.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the microorganism is a
biological contaminant.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the biological
contaminant is a coliform bacteria.
