DESC:FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(SECTION 39 OF 1970)

&

THE PATENT RULES, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(Section 10 and Rule 13)

SYNERGISTIC HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION OF DICLOSULAM AND METOLACHLOR

We, COROMANDEL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED,
an Indian company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956, and validly existing under the Companies Act, 2013. Having its registered office at Coromandel House, Sardar Patel Road,
Secunderabad – 500 003, Telangana, India

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of diclosulam and metolachlor. Particularly the present invention relates to an herbicidal composition comprising of diclosulam and metolachlor along with suitable agrochemical additives in synergistically effective amounts.

The present invention further relates to a process for preparing such compositions and a method of using such compositions effectively.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Herbicides, or chemical weed killers, have largely replaced mechanical methods of weed control in countries where intensive and highly mechanized agriculture is practiced. Herbicides provide a more effective and economical means of weed control than cultivation, hoeing, and hand pulling. Together with fertilizers, other pesticides, and improved plant varieties, they have made an important contribution to the increased yields we now have and serve to combat rising costs and shortages of agricultural labor.

Herbicides are also used extensively away from the farm, in areas such as industrial sites, roadsides, ditch banks, irrigation canals, fence lines, recreational areas, lawns, railroad embankments, and power line rights-of-way. Herbicides remove undesirable plants that might cause damage, present fire hazards, or impede work crews. They also reduce the costs of labor for mowing. These are classed as selective when they are used to kill weeds without harming the crop and as nonselective when the purpose is to kill all vegetation. Both selective and nonselective materials can be applied to weed foliage or to soil containing weed seeds and seedlings, depending on the mode of action, and intended use pattern.

Another classification of herbicides includes either contact or translocated categories. Contact herbicides kill the plant parts onto whose surfaces the chemical is applied and are most effective against annuals, those weeds that germinate from seeds and grow to maturity each year. Complete coverage is essential in weed control with contact materials. Translocated herbicides are absorbed either by roots or above-ground parts of plants and are circulated within the plant system to distant tissues. Translocated herbicides may be effective against all weed types; however, their greatest advantage is in the control of established perennials, those weeds that continue their growth from year to year. Uniform application is a key requirement in achieving good weed control with translocated herbicides.

Herbicides are also classed according to timing of application, i.e., growth stage of crop or weed development. What constitutes the best timing varies by chemical class of the material and its persistence, the crop, and its tolerance to the herbicide, weed species, cultural practices, climate, and soil type and condition. The three primary categories of application timing are preplanting, preemergence, and post emergence.

Preplanting applications for control of annual weeds are made to an area before the crop is planted, within a few days or weeks of planting and often includes a step to incorporate the herbicide in the soil. In recent years such preplant uses have included making fall applications of herbicides to suppress early weed growth the next spring before corn is planted. Preemergence applications are completed prior to emergence of the crop or weeds, depending on definition, after planting. Postemergence applications are made after the crop or weed emerges from the soil.

Herbicide application based on the area covered involves four categories: band, broadcast, spot treatments, and directed spraying. A band application treats a continuous strip, as along or in a crop row. Broadcast application covers the entire area, including the crops. Spot treatments are confined to small areas of weeds. Directed sprays are applied to crop stems, selected weeds or to the soil to avoid contact with crop foliage.

Active compounds having different mechanisms of action are combined to delay the generation of resistance and reduce the amount of application and prevention and treatment costs. Consequently, research is being conducted to produce herbicides and combinations of herbicides that are safer, that have better performance, that require lower dosages, that are easier to use, and that cost less.

The present invention is based on the discovery that diclosulam and metolachlor, already known individually for their herbicidal efficacy, display a synergistic effect when applied in combination.

Diclosulam, chemically known as [N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-7-fluoro-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine-2-sulphonamide], belonging to the sulfonanilide triazolopyrimidine group, whose mechanism of action is the inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS), a key enzyme in branched chain amino acid biosynthesis of plants.

Diclosulam is a soil applied herbicide. It has a low aqueous solubility, is non-volatile and, based on its chemical properties, is mobile and may leach to groundwater. It tends to be moderately persistent in soil systems. It has a low mammalian toxicity and has a high potential for bioaccumulation. It is microbially degraded in the soil. It is effectively used in the crops cotton, peanuts, soybeans, sorghum, potatoes, maize, cereals including wheat and barley. It is used to control the following pests yellow nutsedge, cocklebur, purslane, morning glory. The structure of diclosulam is:

Metolachlor is a pre-emergence herbicide used to control certain weeds such as broad leaf and annual grass weeds. Metolachlor was developed by Ciba-Geigy. Its acts by inhibition of elongates and of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) cyclases, which are part of the gibberellin pathway. It is effectively used in corn, soybeans, sorghum, potatoes, cotton, safflower, stone fruits, nuts and wood ornamentals.

Metolachlor is chemically known as (RS)-2-Chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide. The chemical structure of metolachlor is as below:

The combination of the present invention shows enhanced herbicide action in comparison with the solo herbicide action of diclosulam and metolachlor in the following ways: (a) a reduction in production cost by saving time and labor, (b) a reduction in soil compaction by eliminating multiple field operations, (c) an increase in the spectrum of weeds controlled or an extension of weed control over a longer period of time, (d) an improvement in crop safety by using minimum doses of selected herbicides applied in combination rather than a single high dose of one herbicide, (e) a reduction in crop or soil residues of persistent herbicides by using minimum doses of such herbicides, and selected herbicides.

The combinations of present invention may also show an accelerated action on harmful plants, i.e., they may affect damage of the harmful plants more quickly in comparison with solo or binary applications of the at least two herbicides involved.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising diclosulam and metolachlor.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition comprising of diclosulam and metolachlor with suitable agrochemical additives.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an herbicidal composition having persistent herbicidal activity to achieve weed control over a sufficiently long in effect duration and safe to the environment.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide process for the preparation of an herbicidal composition comprising diclosulam and metolachlor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of diclosulam and metolachlor.

One aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of a) diclosulam present in a range from 0.8% (w/w) to 2.0% (w/w), b) metolachlor present in a range from 45.0% (w/w) to 60.0% (w/w), and c) suitable agrochemical additives.

In an aspect of the present invention, the composition is formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

In an aspect of the present invention, the suitable agrochemical additives are selected from anionic and non-ionic emulsifier, solvent, co-solvent, and a filler.

In an aspect of the present invention, an anionic and non-ionic emulsifier is selected form the group comprising of castor oil ethoxylate, alkoxylated alcohol with calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (Ca-DDBS), calcium alkyl aryl sulfonate, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, Sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, and combination thereof, present in a range from 1% to 10% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the solvent is N, N-dimethyl octan/decanamide, present in a range from 5% to 15% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the co-solvent is selected from cyclohexanone, and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, present in a range from 8% to 10% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the filler is selected from xylene, and solvent naphtha (Solvent C-9), present in Q.S.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition of diclosulam and metolachlor with an improved stability and ready to use herbicidal composition, having superior bio-efficacy compared to the individual formulations.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of an herbicidal composition comprising diclosulam and metolachlor.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic herbicidal composition that enables efficient and reliable control of grass and broad-leaf weeds.

The present invention relates to herbicidal composition with synergistic activity.

The composition contains two components that mutually complement each other when used together and exhibit activity that is greater than the activities of individual components when used alone.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "comprising", which is synonymous with "including", "containing", or "characterized by” here is defined as being inclusive or open-ended, and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps, unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

It is to be noted that, as used in the specification, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

As used herein, the terms "crops" and "vegetation" can include, for instance, dormant seeds, germinant seeds, emerging seedlings, plants emerging from vegetative propagules, immature vegetation, and established vegetation.

As used herein, immature vegetation may be understood to include small vegetative plants prior to reproductive stage, and mature vegetation may be understood to include vegetative plants during and after the reproductive stage.

As used herein, the terms “herbicide” may be understood as a substance that is toxic to plants, used to destroy unwanted vegetation.

As used herein, the term “synergistic composition” may be understood to include effective combination of more than one agrochemical that allows the application of the said agrochemical in a much lower dosage, which results in a less dosage treatment for the crops.

As used herein, the term “agrochemical additives” may be understood to include a range of surfactants, dispersing agents, pigments, solvents, co-solvents, defoamers, emulsions, crystallization inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, antioxidants, light absorbers, mixing aids, neutralizers or pH adjusting substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, absorption enhancers, micronutrients, plasticizers, lubricants, thickeners, anti-freezing agents, sterilization agents, biocide, adjuvant among others.

The herbicidal composition of the present invention may be formulated as capsule suspension (CS), dispersible concentrate (DC), dustable powder (DP), powder for dry seed treatment (DS), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsifiable granule (EG), emulsion water in-oil (EO), emulsifiable powder (EP), emulsion for seed treatment (ES), emulsion oil-in-water (EW), flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), granules (GR), micro-emulsion (ME), oil-dispersion (OD), oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), oil miscible liquid (OL), oil dispersible powder (OP), suspension concentrate (SC), suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), suspo-emulsion (SE), water soluble granule (SG), soluble concentrate (SL), spreading oil (SO), water soluble powder (SP), water soluble tablet (ST), ultra-low volume (ULV), tablet (TB), water dispersible granules (WG or WDG), wettable powder (WP), water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW) among others. Preferably, the composition of the present invention is formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

One embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition of diclosulam and metolachlor.

In an embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of a) diclosulam present in a range from 0.8% (w/w) to 2.0% (w/w), b) metolachlor present in a range from 45.0% (w/w) to 60.0% (w/w), and c) suitable agrochemical additives.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition is formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

According to the present invention, the suitable agrochemical additives are selected from anionic and non-ionic emulsifier, solvent, co-solvent, and a filler.

According to the present invention, an anionic and non-ionic emulsifier is selected form the group comprising of castor oil ethoxylate, alkoxylated alcohol with calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (Ca-DDBS), calcium alkyl aryl sulfonate, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, and combination thereof, present in a range from 1% to 10% (w/w).

According to the present invention, the solvent is N, N-dimethyl octan/decanamide present in a range from 5% to 15% (w/w).

According to the present invention, the co-solvent is selected from cyclohexanone, and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, present in a range from 8% to 10% (w/w).

According to the present invention, the filler is selected from is selected from xylene, and solvent naphtha (Solvent C-9), present in Q.S.

In another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of an herbicidal composition comprising diclosulam and metolachlor.

In another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition of diclosulam and metolachlor with an improved stability and ready to use herbicidal composition, having superior bio-efficacy compared to the individual formulations.

In another embodiment of the present invention is to provide synergistic herbicidal composition that enables efficient and reliable control of grass and broad-leaf weeds.

The composition of the present invention and method provided may be utilized to control weeds or battle undesired vegetation in crops or other settings, including but not limited to cereals, such Maize, soyabeans, wheat, triticale, and industrial vegetation management. Preferably, the undesirable vegetation includes species from the families of broadleaved and grass weeds, more preferably from the families of Aeschynomene, Ageratum, Amaranthus, Bidens, Brachiaria, Cenchrus, Cyperus, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eclipta, Eleusine, Eragrostis Fimbristylis, Galinsoga, Ischaemum, Leptochloa, Monochoria, Panicum, Paspalum, Polygonum, Portulaca, Richardia, Sesbania, Setaria, Sida, Sorghum, most preferably Echinochloa, Leptochloa, Ischaemum, Monochoria, and Cyperus, or combinations thereof.

The composition achieves improved biological activity by enhancing overall control of weeds over a shorter period. Additional benefits of using the herbicidal composition of the present invention includes reduced risk of occupational hazard, lower cost of application, better cost: benefit ratio to the end user, reduced fuel, and labor cost, saving in applicator’s time and loss caused by mechanical damage to the crop and soil.

The present compositions can be applied to the undesirable vegetation and/or weeds or their locus using conventional ground or aerial dusters, sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation or paddy water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled in the art.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples which are provided merely to be exemplary of the inventions and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

EXAMPLES:
Example-1: The illustrative embodiments show the composition of diclosulam and metolachlor.

Table 1: Diclosulam 1.33% + Metolachlor 53.3% EC
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Diclosulam Active ingredient 1.33
2. Metolachlor Active ingredient 53.3
3. Castor oil ethoxylate Anionic and Non-ionic blend emulsifier 8.0
4. Alkoxylated alcohol with Ca-DDBS Anionic and Non-ionic blend emulsifier 2.0
5. N, N-Dimethyl Octan/ Decanamide Solvent 15.0
6. Cyclohexanone Co-solvent 10.0
7. Solvent naphtha (Solvent C-9) Filler Q.S.

Manufacturing process:
All the raw materials were weighed, dispensed and the mixture was mixed in vessel under continuous stirring and all the materials thoroughly mixed for around 30 minutes to obtain homogenous clear solution. The obtained solution was collected and packed.

Table 2: Diclosulam 0.80% + Metolachlor 45% EC
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Diclosulam Active ingredient 0.80
2. Metolachlor Active ingredient 45.0
3. Calcium alkyl aryl sulfonate Anionic and Non-ionic blend emulsifier 10.0
4. N, N-Dimethyl Octan/ Decanamide Solvent 5.0
5. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Co-solvent 8.0
6. Solvent naphtha (Solvent C-9) Filler Q.S.

Manufacturing process:
All the raw materials were weighed, dispensed and the mixture was mixed in vessel under continuous stirring and all the materials thoroughly mixed for around 30 minutes to obtain homogenous clear solution. The obtained solution was collected and packed.

Table 3: Diclosulam 2% + Metolachlor 60% EC
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Diclosulam Active ingredient 2.0
2. Metolachlor Active ingredient 60.0
3. tristyrylphenol ethoxylate Non-ionic emulsifier 5.0
4. Sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate Anionic emulsifier 3.0
5. N,N-Dimethyl Octan/Decanamide Solvent 10.0
6. Xylene Filler Q.S.

Manufacturing process:
All the raw materials were weighed, dispensed and the mixture was mixed in vessel under continuous stirring and all the materials thoroughly mixed for around 30 minutes to obtain homogenous clear solution. The obtained solution was collected and packed.

Example-2: Efficacy study of Diclosulam 1.33% + Metolachlor 53.3% in emulsifiable concentrate (EC) form:

FIELD AND SYNERGY STUDIES
Soybean is an important rainy season crop of India. In India, it is grown on an area of 108.83 lakh ha with an annual production of 104.36 lakh million tons. Successful weed control is the most important factor for fruitful soybean production because losses due to weeds have been one of the major limiting factors in soybean production. Weeds compete with crops for light moisture and nutrients. Being a rainy season crop soybean faces severe weed competition during crop growth, resulting in a loss of about 40-60% of the potential yield. Traditionally, weed control in India has been largely dependent on manual weeding. However, increased labour scarcity and costs are encouraging farmers to adopt herbicides.

The field studies were conducted to compare the weed controlling activity of the combination of Diclosulam & Metolachlor. The active ingredient Diclosulam in the combination, belongs to chemical family “Triazolopyrimidine - Type 1” with mode of action inhibition of acetolactate synthase inhibitor (ALS) and Metolachlor herbicide belongs to chemical class “a-Chloroacetamide’s” with inhibition of very long chain fatty acid synthesis (VLCFA) mode of action. Combination has the potential of controlling the cross-spectrum weeds (broad leaf weeds & grassy weeds) in soybean at the pre-emergence (0-3 DAS) application timing. Both the molecules are safe to soybean when applied at their recommended dose rate in pre-emergence (0-3 DAS) application timing.

The weed control activity of the individual herbicides of the invention and their combinations were evaluated on weeds such as Acalypha indica, Commelina benghalensis, Commelina communis, Digera arvensis, Echinochloa colona and Dinebra retroflexa. Trials were conducted with randomized block design with net plot size of 5m x 6 m. Each trial was replicated four times and conducted under GEP guidelines. Spraying was done with manual operated backpack knapsack sprayer with 300 L of water spray volume per hectare at pre-emergence (0-3 DAS) application timing. Such field trials were carried out at various locations to generate independent data, the locations were chosen randomly across India.

Visual observations were recorded on percent weed control for individual weeds on whole plot basis at 30 days after application. These observations are to be taken from the entire plot.

Appropriate analysis of plant response to herbicide combination is critical in determining the type of activity observed. The most widely used model is the one Gowing* derived and Colby** modified. Gowing described a mathematical formula for calculating the predicting response values for herbicide mixtures. He suggested the expected (E) percent inhibition of growth induced by herbicide A plus herbicide B is as follows, *(Jerry Flint et al, 1988) ***

Two-way combination:

Colby’s formula for calculating synergism between two active ingredients,
AB
Expected (E) = A + B –
100
Where,
A = Percent weed control by herbicide A.
B = Percent weed control by herbicide B

When the percentage of pesticidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of O/E > 1, means synergism observed.)

Reference:
*Gowing, D. P. 1960. Comments on tests of herbicide mixtures. Weeds 8:379–391.
**Colby, S. R. 1967. Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations. Weeds 15:20–22

*** Jerry Flint et al, 1988. Analyzing Herbicide Interactions: A Statistical Treatment of Colby's Method. Weed Technology 2: 304-309

The herbicide combinations, application rates, plant species tested, and results are given in the following tables:

Table 4:
Demonstrates synergy on weeds using the combination of Diclosulam & Metolachlor. The field trials were carried out in India at various locations. The percentage efficacy was calculated after 30 days of application. The target weeds were Commelina benghalensis and Commelina communis and the results are recorded in the table below.

Active Dose (GAH) % Weed Control of Commelina benghalensis % Weed Control of Commelina communis
Expected Observed Expected Observed
Diclosulam 84% WDG 20 75 70
Metolachlor 10% EC 800 45 40
Diclosulam 1.33% + Metolachlor 53.3% EC 820 86.25 95 82 92
Ratio of O/E 1.10 1.12
WDG – Water dispersible granules; EC – Emulsifiable concentrate; and GAH – Gram active per hectare.

The results in table 4 clearly demonstrate synergy between Diclosulam 1.33% + Metolachlor 53.3% EC against weeds like Commelina benghalensis and Commelina communis. The higher ratio of the observed and the expected efficacy clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination.

Table 5:
Demonstrates synergy on weeds using the combination of Diclosulam & Metolachlor. The field trials were carried out in India at various locations. The percentage efficacy was calculated after 30 days of application. The target weeds were Acalypha indica and Digera arvensis and the results are recorded in the below table.

Active Dose (GAH) % Weed Control of Acalypha indica % Weed Control of Digera arvensis
Expected Observed Expected Observed
Diclosulam 84% WDG 20 80 85
Metolachlor 10% EC 800 40 45
Diclosulam 1.33% + Metolachlor 53.3% EC 820 88 100 91.75 100
Ratio of O/E 1.13 1.08
WDG – Water dispersible granules; EC – Emulsifiable concentrate; and GAH – Gram active per hectare.

The results in table 5 clearly demonstrate efficacy of Diclosulam 1.33% + Metolachlor 53.3% EC against weeds like Acalypha indica and Digera arvensis. The higher ratio of the observed and the expected efficacy clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination.

Table 6:
Demonstrates synergy on weeds using the combination of Diclosulam & Metolachlor. The field trials were carried out in India at various locations. The percentage efficacy was calculated after 30 days of application. The target weeds were Echinochloa colonum, Dinebra retroflexa and Brachiaria erusiformis and the results are recorded in the below table.

Active Dose (GAH) % Weed Control of Echinochloa colonum % Weed Control of Dinebra retroflexa % Weed Control of Brachiaria erusiformis
Expected Observed Expected Observed Expected Observed
Diclosulam 84% WDG 20 20 10 30
Metolachlor 10% EC 800 80 85 85
Diclosulam 1.33% + Metolachlor 53.3% EC 820 84 90 86.5 90 89.5 97
Ratio of O/E 1.07 1.04 1.08
WDG – Water dispersible granules; EC – Emulsifiable concentrate; and GAH – Gram active per hectare.

The results in table 6 clearly demonstrate efficacy of Diclosulam 1.33% + Metolachlor 53.3% EC against weeds like Echinochloa colonum, Dinebra retroflexa and Brachiaria erusiformis. The higher ratio of the observed and the expected efficacy clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination. ,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A synergistic herbicidal composition comprising
a) diclosulam present in 1.33% (w/w),
b) metolachlor present in 53.3% (w/w), and
c) suitable agrochemical additives.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC).
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the suitable agrochemical additives are selected from anionic and non-ionic emulsifier, solvent, co-solvent, and a filler.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the anionic and non-ionic emulsifier is selected form the group comprising of castor oil ethoxylate, alkoxylated alcohol with calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (Ca-DDBS), Calcium alkyl aryl sulfonate, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, and combination thereof, present in a range from 1% to 10% (w/w).
5. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the solvent is N, N-dimethyl octan/decanamide, present in a range from 5% to 15% (w/w).
6. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the co-solvent is selected from cyclohexanone, and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, present in a range from 8% to 10% (w/w).
7. The composition as claimed in claim 3, the filler is selected from xylene, and solvent naphtha (Solvent C-9), present in Q.S.

Dated this Third (3rd) day of February, 2024

_____________________________
Dr. S. Padmaja
Agent for the Applicant
IN/PA/883