DESC:FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(SECTION 39 OF 1970)

&

THE PATENT RULES, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(Section 10 and Rule 13)

SYNERGISTIC HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION OF PENOXSULAM AND PROPANIL

We, COROMANDEL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED,
an Indian company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956, and validly existing under the Companies Act, 2013. Having its registered office at Coromandel House, Sardar Patel Road,
Secunderabad – 500 003, Telangana, India

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising penoxsulam and propanil and methods of using such compositions to control weeds. More particularly, the present invention relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of penoxsulam and propanil along with other agrochemical additives in synergistically effective amounts.

The present invention further relates to a process for preparing such compositions and a method of using such compositions effectively.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Herbicides, or chemical weed killers, have largely replaced mechanical methods of weed control in countries where intensive and highly mechanized agriculture is practiced. Herbicides provide a more effective and economical means of weed control than cultivation, hoeing, and hand pulling. Together with fertilizers, other pesticides, and improved plant varieties, they have made an important contribution to the increased yields we now have and serve to combat rising costs and shortages of agricultural labor.

Without the use of herbicides, it would have been impossible to mechanize fully the production of cotton, sugar beets, grains, potatoes, and corn.

Herbicides are also used extensively away from the farm, in areas such as industrial sites, roadsides, ditch banks, irrigation canals, fence lines, recreational areas, lawns, railroad embankments, and power line rights-of-way. Herbicides remove undesirable plants that might cause damage, present fire hazards, or impede work crews. They also reduce the costs of labor for mowing. These are classed as selective when they are used to kill weeds without harming the crop and as nonselective when the purpose is to kill all vegetation. Both selective and nonselective materials can be applied to weed foliage or to soil containing weed seeds and seedlings, depending on the mode of action, and intended use pattern.
Another classification includes contact or translocated categories. Contact herbicides kill the plant parts onto whose surfaces the chemical is applied and are most effective against annuals, those weeds that germinate from seeds and grow to maturity each year. Complete coverage is essential in weed control with contact materials. Translocated herbicides are absorbed either by roots or above-ground parts of plants and are circulated within the plant system to distant tissues. Translocated herbicides may be effective against all weed types; however, their greatest advantage is in the control of established perennials, those weeds that continue their growth from year to year. Uniform application is a key requirement in achieving good weed control with translocated herbicides.

Herbicides are also classed according to timing of application, i.e., growth stage of crop or weed development. What constitutes the best timing varies by chemical class of the material and its persistence, the crop, and its tolerance to the herbicide, weed species, cultural practices, climate, and soil type and condition. The three primary categories of application timing are preplanting, preemergence, and post emergence.

Preplanting applications for control of annual weeds are made to an area before the crop is planted, within a few days or weeks of planting and often includes a step to incorporate the herbicide in the soil. In recent years such preplant uses have included making fall applications of herbicides to suppress early weed growth the next spring before corn is planted. Preemergence applications are completed prior to emergence of the crop or weeds, depending on definition, after planting. Postemergence applications are made after the crop or weed emerges from the soil.

Herbicide application based on the area covered involves four categories: band, broadcast, spot treatments, and directed spraying. A band application treats a continuous strip, as along or in a crop row. Broadcast application covers the entire area, including the crops. Spot treatments are confined to small areas of weeds. Directed sprays are applied to crop stems, selected weeds or to the soil to avoid contact with crop foliage.

Active compounds having different mechanisms of action are combined to delay the generation of resistance and reduce the amount of application and prevention and treatment costs. Consequently, research is being conducted to produce herbicides and combinations of herbicides that are safer, that have better performance, that require lower dosages, that are easier to use, and that cost less.

The present invention is based on the discovery that penoxsulam and propanil, already known individually for their herbicidal efficacy, display a synergistic effect when applied in combination.

Penoxsulam is the active ingredient of Granite (trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC), an herbicide designed for postemergence control of annual grasses, sedges, and broadleaf weeds in rice culture. Penoxsulam herbicide is to be used as a foliar spray on dry-seeded rice crops, or as either a foliar spray or a granular formulation on water-seeded rice crops to control broadleaf weeds, aquatic plants, and certain grasses.

Penoxsulam is chemically known as 2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(5,8-dimethoxy [1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide, and has the following structure:

Propanil is a widely used contact herbicide. The principal mode of propanil's herbicidal action against weeds is inhibition of their photosynthesis and CO2 fixation. It is a highly selective postemergence herbicide that is used extensively to control barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and jungle rice (Echinochloa colona) in several crops, especially rice. Propanil belongs to the class of anilides and is a photosynthetic inhibitor that inhibits the photosystem II (PS II) in chloroplasts.

Propanil is chemically known as N-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)propanamide, and has the following structure:

The combinations of the present invention have several advantages over solo application of either penoxsulam or propanil.

The combination of the present invention shows enhanced herbicide action in comparison with the herbicide action of solo action of penoxsulam and propanil against undesirable vegetation. Moreover, the combinations of the invention show a persistent herbicidal activity, even under difficult weathering conditions, and minimize the risk of weeds escaping. The combinations are generally non-toxic or of low toxicity against mammals. Apart from that, the combinations of the present invention show superior crop compatibility with certain conventional crop plants and with herbicide tolerant crop plants, i.e., their use in these crops leads to a reduced damage of the crop plants and/or does not result in increased damage of the crop plants. Thus, the combinations of the invention can also be applied after the emergence of the crop plants.

The combinations at present invention may also show an accelerated action on harmful plants, i.e., they may affect damage of the harmful plants more quickly in comparison with solo or binary applications of the at least two herbicides involved.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising penoxsulam and propanil.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a water dispersible granule (WDG) composition comprising of penoxsulam and propanil with suitable agrochemical additives.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition that enables efficient and reliable control of grass and broad-leaf weeds.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition having persistent herbicidal activity to achieve weed control over a sufficiently long in effect duration and safe to the environment.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide process for the preparation of an herbicidal composition comprising of penoxsulam, and propanil.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of penoxsulam, and propanil.

One aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of a) penoxsulam present in a range from 0.3% (w/w) to 2.0% (w/w), b) propanil present in a range from 70.0% (w/w) to 85.0% (w/w), and c) suitable agrochemical additives.

In an aspect of the present invention, the composition is formulated as water dispersible granules (WDG).

In an aspect of the present invention, the suitable agrochemical additives are selected from a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a defoamer, an anticaking agent, a chelating agent, and a filler.

In an aspect of the present invention, the wetting agent is selected from the group comprising of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt of linear alkyl benzene sulphonates, present in a range from 1% to 5% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of sodium lignosulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate, and a mixture of salt of naphthalene sulphonic acid and phenol sulphonic acid condensate (Tamol DN), present in a range from 1% to 12% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the defoamer is polydimethylsiloxane, present in a range from 0.1% to 1.5% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the anticaking agent is silicon dioxide, present in a range from 1.0% to 3.0% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the chelating agent is citric acid, present in a range from 0.1% to 0.5% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the filler is china clay, present in Q.S.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition of penoxsulam and propanil with an improved stability and ready to use herbicidal composition, having superior bio-efficacy compared to the individual formulations.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide process for the preparation of an herbicidal composition comprising penoxsulam and propanil.
In another aspect of the present invention is to provide synergistic herbicidal composition that enable efficient and reliable control of grass and broad-leaf weeds.

The present invention relates to herbicidal composition with synergistic activity. The composition contains two components that mutually complement each other when used together and exhibit activity that is greater than the activities of individual components when used alone.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "comprising", which is synonymous with "including", "containing", or "characterized by” here is defined as being inclusive or open-ended, and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps, unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

It is to be noted that, as used in the specification, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

As used herein, the terms "crops" and "vegetation" can include, for instance, dormant seeds, germinant seeds, emerging seedlings, plants emerging from vegetative propagules, immature vegetation, and established vegetation.

As used herein, immature vegetation may be understood to include small vegetative plants prior to reproductive stage, and mature vegetation may be understood to include vegetative plants during and after the reproductive stage.

As used herein, the terms “herbicide” may be understood as a substance that is toxic to plants, used to destroy unwanted vegetation.

As used herein, the term “synergistic composition” may be understood to include effective combination of more than one agrochemical that allows the application of the said agrochemical in a much lower dosage, which results in a less dosage treatment for the crops.

As used herein, the term “agrochemical additives” may be understood to include a range of surfactants, dispersing agents, pigments, solvents, co-solvents, defoamers, emulsions, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, antioxidants, light absorbers, mixing aids, neutralizers or pH adjusting substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, absorption enhancers, micronutrients, plasticizers, lubricants, thickeners, anti-freezing agents, sterilization agents, biocide, adjuvant among others.

The herbicidal composition of the present invention may be formulated as capsule suspension (CS), dispersible concentrate (DC), dustable powder (DP), powder for dry seed treatment (DS), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsifiable granule (EG), emulsion water in-oil (EO), emulsifiable powder (EP), emulsion for seed treatment (ES), emulsion oil-in-water (EW), flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), granules (GR), micro-emulsion (ME), oil-dispersion (OD), oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), oil miscible liquid (OL), oil dispersible powder (OP), suspension concentrate (SC), suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), suspo-emulsion (SE), water soluble granule (SG), soluble concentrate (SL), spreading oil (SO), water soluble powder (SP), water soluble tablet (ST), ultra-low volume (ULV), tablet (TB), water dispersible granules (WG or WDG), wettable powder (WP), water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW) among others. Preferably, the composition of the present invention is formulated as water dispersible granules (WDG).

One embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of penoxsulam, and propanil.

In an embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of a) penoxsulam present in a range from 0.3% (w/w) to 2.0% (w/w), b) propanil present in a range from 70.0% (w/w) to 85.0% (w/w), and c) suitable agrochemical additives.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition is formulated as water dispersible granules (WDG).

According to the present invention, the suitable agrochemical additives are selected from a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a defoamer, an anticaking agent, a chelating agent, and a filler.

According to the present invention, the wetting agent is selected from the group comprising of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt of linear alkyl benzene sulphonates, present in a range from 1% to 5% (w/w).

According to the present invention, the dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of sodium lignosulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate, and a mixture of salt of naphthalene sulphonic acid and phenol sulphonic acid condensate (Tamol DN), present in a range from 1% to 12% (w/w).

According to the present invention, the defoamer is polydimethylsiloxane, present in a range from 0.1% to 1.5% (w/w).

According to the present invention, the anticaking agent is silicon dioxide, present in a range from 1.0% to 3.0% (w/w).

According to the present invention, the chelating agent is citric acid, present in a range from 0.1% to 0.5% (w/w).

According to the present invention, the filler is china clay, present in Q.S.

In another embodiment of the present invention is to provide process for the preparation of an herbicidal composition comprising penoxsulam and propanil.

In another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition of penoxsulam and propanil with an improved stability and ready to use herbicidal composition, having superior bio-efficacy compared to the individual formulations.

In another embodiment of the present invention is to provide synergistic herbicidal composition that enable efficient and reliable control of grass and broad-leaf weeds.

The composition of the present invention and method provided may be utilized to control weeds or battle undesired vegetation in crops or other settings, including but not limited to cereals, such Maize, soyabeans, wheat, triticale, and industrial vegetation management. Preferably, the undesirable vegetation includes species from the families of broadleaved and grass weeds, more preferably from the families of Aeschynomene, Ageratum, Amaranthus, Bidens, Brachiaria, Cenchrus, Cyperus, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eclipta, Eleusine, Eragrostis Fimbristylis, Galinsoga, Ischaemum, Leptochloa, Monochoria, Panicum, Paspalum, Polygonum, Portulaca, Richardia, Sesbania, Setaria, Sida, Sorghum, most preferably Echinochloa, Leptochloa, Ischaemum, Monochoria, and Cyperus, or combinations thereof.

The composition achieves improved biological activity by enhancing overall control of weeds over a shorter period. Additional benefits of using the herbicidal composition of the present invention includes reduced risk of occupational hazard, lower cost of application, better cost: benefit ratio to the end user, reduced fuel, and labor cost, saving in applicator’s time and loss caused by mechanical damage to the crop and soil.

The present compositions can be applied to the undesirable vegetation and/or weeds or their locus using conventional ground or aerial dusters, sprayers, and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation or paddy water, and by other conventional means known to those skilled in the art.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples which are provided merely to be exemplary of the inventions and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

EXAMPLES:
Example-1: The illustrative embodiments show the composition of penoxsulam and propanil.

Table 1: Penoxsulam 0.67 % + Propanil 83.3% WDG
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Penoxsulam Active ingredient 0.67%
2. Propanil Active ingredient 83.3%
3. Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate Wetting agent 2.0
4. Sodium lignosulfonate Dispersing agent 9.0
5. Polydimethylsiloxane Defoamer 0.5
6. Citric Acid Chelating agent 0.5
7. Silicon dioxide Anti caking agent 3.0
8. China clay Filler Q.S.

Manufacturing process:

Step 1: weighing the raw materials according to the batch size in a pre-blender and mixing it for 1 hour:
• Filler,
• Anticaking agent,
• Wetting agent
• Dispersing agent
• Penoxsulam Technical
• Propanil Technical
Step 2: Milling the sample through air jet mill instrument at Inlet pressure 2-3 kg/cm2, grinding pressure 6 kg/ cm2 and checking the particle size < 15 5 microns.
Step 3: Collecting milled sample and post blending in a blender.
Step 4: Preparing dough by mixing water and defoamer.
Step 5: Extruding the granules through Basket extruder.
Step 6: Collecting the WDG and dry in fluid bed dryer (FBD) @ 50°C, checking the moisture content it should be < 5.0%. (Note: While drying the WDG in FBD, air flow rate should be maintained between 50-60).
Step 7: Submitting the sample for Analysis.
Step 8: Packing the material appropriately (TLP bag).

Table 2: Penoxsulam 0.30 % + Propanil 70.0% WDG
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Penoxsulam Active ingredient 0.30
2. Propanil Active ingredient 70.0
3. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate Wetting agent 5.0
4. Sodium lignosulfonate Dispersing agent 8.0
5. Polydimethylsiloxane Defoamer 0.1
6. Citric Acid Chelating agent 0.5
7. Silicon dioxide Anti caking agent 1.0
8. China clay Filler Q.S.

The manufacturing procedure is like the process described in Table 1.

Table 3: Penoxsulam 2.0 % + Propanil 80.2% WDG
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Penoxsulam Active ingredient 2.0
2. Propanil Active ingredient 80.2
3. Sodium salt of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate Wetting agent 2.0
4. Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate Dispersing agent 5.0
5. Polydimethylsiloxane Defoamer 1.0
6. Citric Acid Chelating agent 0.1
7. Silicon dioxide Anti caking agent 2.0
8. China clay Filler Q.S.

The manufacturing procedure is like the process described in Table 1.

Example-2: Efficacy study of Penoxsulam 0.67 % + Propanil 83.3% in water dispersible granules (WDG) form:

FIELD AND SYNERGY STUDIES
Weeds were reported to reduce rice yields by 12 to 98%, depending on type method of rice establishment. Rice yield losses due to uncontrolled weed growth and weed competition were least (12%) in transplanted rice and highest in aerobic direct-seeded rice. Traditionally, weed control in India has been largely dependent on manual weeding. However, increased labour scarcity and costs are encouraging farmers to adopt herbicides.

The field studies were conducted to compare the weed controlling activity of the combination of Penoxsulam & Propanil. The active ingredient, Propanil belongs to chemical family “Amides” with mode of action PS-II inhibitors (inhibition of Photosystem II), and Penoxsulam belongs to chemical family “Triazolopyrimidine sulfonamides” having ALS (inhibition of acetolactate synthase) mode of action. The combination has the potential of controlling the cross-spectrum weeds (broad leaf weeds, grassy weeds, and sedges) in rice. All three molecules are safe to transplant & direct seeded rice when applied in post-emergence (15-20 days after transplanting) application timing.

The weed control activity of the individual herbicides of the invention and their combinations were evaluated on weeds such as Cyperus difformis, Cyperus iria, Echinochloa colonum, Echinochloa crusgalli, Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia parviflora & Eclipta alba. Trials were conducted with randomized block design with net plot size of 5m x 6m. Each trial was replicated four times and conducted under GEP guidelines. Spraying was done with manual operated backpack knapsack sprayer with 400 L of water spray volume per hectare at post-emergence (15-20 days after transplanting) application timing. Such field trials were carried out at various locations to generate independent data, the locations were chosen randomly across India.

Visual observations were recorded on percent weed control for individual weeds on whole plot basis at 30 days after application. These observations are to be taken from the entire plot.

Appropriate analysis of plant response to herbicide combination is critical in determining the type of activity observed. The most widely used model is the one Gowing* derived and Colby** modified. Gowing described a mathematical formula for calculating the predicting response values for pesticide mixtures. He suggested the two formulae’s for determining the synergy between 2-way combinations, *(Jerry Flint et al, 1988) ***

Two-way combination:
Colby’s formula for calculating synergism between two active ingredients,
AB
Expected (E) = A + B –
100
Where,
A = Percent weed control by herbicide A.
B = Percent weed control by herbicide B

When the percentage of pesticidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of O/E > 1, means synergism observed.)

Reference:
*Gowing, D. P. 1960. Comments on tests of herbicide mixtures. Weeds 8:379–391.
**Colby, S. R. 1967. Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations. Weeds 15:20–22

*** Jerry Flint et al, 1988. Analyzing Herbicide Interactions: A Statistical Treatment of Colby's Method. Weed Technology 2: 304-309

The herbicide combinations, application rates, plant species tested, and results are given in the following tables:

Table 3:
Demonstrates synergy on weeds using the combination of Penoxsulam & Propanil with their two-way combination. The field trials were carried out in India at various locations. The percentage efficacy was calculated after 30 days of application. The target weeds were Cyperus iria and Cyperus difformis and the results are recorded in the below table.

Active Dose (GAH) % Weed Control of Cyperus iria % Weed Control of Cyperus difformis
Expected Observed Expected Observed
Propanil 80% DF 2500 70 65
Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 20 65 60
Penoxsulam 0.67 % + Propanil 83.3% WDG 20 + 2500 89.5 98 86 90
Ratio of O/E 1.09 1.04
DF – Dry flowable; SC – Suspension concentrate; WDG – Water dispersible granules; and GAH – Gram active per hectare.

The results in table 4 clearly demonstrate synergy between a two-way combination of Penoxsulam 0.67 % + Propanil 83.3% WDG against weeds like Cyperus iria and Cyperus difformis. The higher ratio of the observed and the expected efficacy clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination.

Table 5:
Demonstrates synergy on weeds using the combination of Penoxsulam & Propanil with their two-way combination. The percentage efficacy was calculated after 30 days of application. The target weeds were Echinochloa colonum, Echinochloa crusgalli. The results are recorded in the below table.

Active Dose (GAH) % Weed Control of Echinochloa colonum % Weed Control of Echinochloa crusgalli
Expected Observed Expected Observed
Propanil 80% DF 2500 60 50
Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 20 70 60
Penoxsulam 0.67 % + Propanil 83.3% WDG 20 + 2500 88 92 80 85
Ratio of O/E 1.04 1.06
DF – Dry flowable; SC – Suspension concentrate; WDG – Water dispersible granules; and GAH – Gram active per hectare.

The results in table 5 clearly demonstrate synergy between the two-way combination of Penoxsulam 0.67 % + Propanil 83.3% WDG against weeds like Echinochloa colonum & Echinochloa crusgalli. The higher ratio of the observed and the expected efficacy clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination.

Table 6:
Demonstrates synergy on weeds using the combination of Penoxsulam & Propanil with their two-way combination. The field trials were carried out in India at various locations. The percentage efficacy was calculated after 30 days of application. The target weeds were Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia parviflora and Eclipta alba. The results are recorded in the below table.

Active Dose (GAH) % Weed Control of Monochoria vaginalis % Weed Control of Ludwigia parviflora % Weed Control of Eclipta alba
Expected Observed Expected Observed Expected Observed
Propanil 80% DF 2500 55 60 70
Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 20 60 65 80
Penoxsulam 0.67 % + Propanil 83.3% WDG 20 + 2500 82 90 86 95 94 100
Ratio of O/E 1.09 1.10 1.06
DF – Dry flowable; SC – Suspension concentrate; WDG – Water dispersible granules; and GAH – Gram active per hectare.

The results in table 6 clearly demonstrate synergy between the two-way combination of Penoxsulam 0.67 % + Propanil 83.3% WDG against weeds like Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia parviflora and Eclipta alba. The higher ratio of the observed and the expected efficacy clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination. ,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:

1. A synergistic herbicidal composition comprising of
a) penoxsulam present in 0.67% (w/w),
b) propanil present in 83.3% (w/w), and
c) suitable agrochemical additives.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated as water dispersible granules (WDG).

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the suitable agrochemical additives are selected from a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a defoamer, an anticaking agent, a chelating agent, and a filler.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the wetting agent is selected from the group comprising of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt of linear alkyl benzene sulphonates, present in a range from 1% to 5% (w/w).

5. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of sodium lignosulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate, and a mixture of salt of naphthalene sulphonic acid and phenol sulphonic acid condensate (Tamol DN), present in a range from 1% to 12% (w/w).

6. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the defoamer is polydimethylsiloxane, present in a range from 0.1% to 1.5% (w/w).

7. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the anticaking agent is silicon dioxide, present in a range from 1.0% to 3.0% (w/w).

8. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the chelating agent is citric acid, present in a range from 0.1% to 0.5% (w/w).

9. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the filler is china clay, present in Q.S.

Dated this Third (3rd) day of February, 2024

_____________________________
Dr. S. Padmaja
Agent for the Applicant
IN/PA/883