DESC:FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(SECTION 39 OF 1970)

&

THE PATENT RULES, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(Section 10 and Rule 13)

AN INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITION OF NITENPYRAM, FIPRONIL AND DIAFENTHIURON

We, COROMANDEL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED,
an Indian company incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956, and validly existing under the Companies Act, 2013. Having its registered office at Coromandel House, Sardar Patel Road,
Secunderabad – 500 003, Telangana, India

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising (a) nitenpyram, (b) fipronil, and (c) diafenthiuron and process thereof for making the composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Insecticides are agrochemicals in the pesticide family used to control insects by killing them or preventing the establishment or proliferation of those considered harmful. They play a key role in agriculture and public health by improving the yield and productivity of crops caused by pests and by reducing the rate of vector-borne diseases by killing or affecting growth and development of vectors such as mosquitoes, houseflies, tsetse flies, sand flies, cockroaches, etc.

They are pesticides formulated for repelling, killing, harming, or mitigating insects from crops and other agri-food sources such as ranches, poultry farms, etc. Insecticides work differently based on their mode of actions; some disrupt the nervous system, whereas others damage the exoskeletons, others repel or control them. Insecticides application helps in managing and mitigating insects; thereby guaranteeing crop protection and preventing yield loss.

Processes for insecticidal agents and compositions have been developed to control insect pests and in practice have been used as a single or a mixed agent. However, processes for economically efficient and ecologically safe insect control compositions are still being sought. A process for the preparation of insecticidal compositions which allows for reduced effective dosage rates, increased environmental safety and lower incidence of insect resistance are highly desirable. Although the rotational application of insect control agents having different modes of action may be adopted for good pest management practice, this approach does not necessarily give satisfactory insect control. Further, even though combinations of insect control agents have been studied, a high synergistic action has not always been found. Obtaining an insecticidal composition which demonstrates no cross-resistance to existing insecticidal agents, no toxicity problems and little negative impact on the environment is extremely difficult.

Nitenpyram is a synthetic, nicotine-related insecticide, influences the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This compound is an insect neurotoxin belonging to the class of neonicotinoids which works by blocking neural signaling of the central nervous system. It does so by binding irreversibly to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHr) causing a stop of the flow of ions in the postsynaptic membrane of neurons leading to paralysis and death.

Nitenpyram has been used on many commercial crops, such as cotton and corn, and can be applied in various ways. Commonly used techniques are dusting and seed treatment. Seed treatment allows for long-lasting immunity to insects damaging the crops. The use of nitenpyram has been shown to be highly effective in protecting crops, as it's generally less toxic for non-target organisms, while killing off crop destroying insects. It is used for controlling aphids, thrips, leafhoppers, whitefly, and other sucking insects on rice and glasshouse crops.

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide which belongs to the phenylpyrazole chemical family. It disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking GABA-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels. It is an insecticide used to control a broad range of insect pests mainly in horticultural crops and it is a chiral molecule. It is an isomeric mixture of two enantiomers (±; S/R) and was first registered for use by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) in May 1996.

Fipronil is used to control ants, beetles, cockroaches, fleas, ticks, termites, mole crickets, thrips, rootworms, weevils, and other insects. Uses for individual fipronil products vary widely. Always read and follow the label when applying pesticide products. Fipronil is used in granular turf products, seed treatments, topical pet care products, gel baits, liquid termiticides, and in agriculture.

Diafenthiuron is a pesticide, specifically an insecticide. It is a chemical compound which belongs to the thiourea group. It is a broad spectrum, both systemic and contact as well as stomach activity synthetic pesticide impairing mitochondrial function in target pests (phytophagous mites). Due to progressive break-down of diafenthiuron to non-toxic metabolites, it poses no significant reactivity threat in the field of ecotoxicology.

IN 201721029744 discloses insecticidal composition comprising of Fipronil, Neonicotinoids (Neonics) selected from Acetamiprid, Dinotefuran, Nitenpyram, Thiacloprid, Clothianidin, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid and at least one more insecticide selected from Cartap Hydrochloride, Thiocyclam, Bifenthrin, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorantraniliprole and Flubendiamide.

Insecticide is used widely and very frequently in commercial agriculture and have enabled an enormous increase in crop yields and product quality which ultimately increased the ease to farmers in term of economic advantage as well as ease of farming activities.

There are many combinations of insecticide known in the art for the control of soil borne pests. However, there is a need for improvement of these combinations. Single and multiple active combinations used over a long period of time has resulted in resistance. With the onset of resistance to certain pests, there is a need in the art for a combination of activities that decreases chances of resistance and improves the spectrum of disease and pest control.

Combining nitenpyram, fipronil, and diafenthiuron insecticides could potentially enhance their efficacy by targeting different pathways in insects. This multi-modal action can help in managing resistance and improving control over a broader spectrum of pests.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising of (a) nitenpyram, (b) fipronil, and (c) diafenthiuron.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition of nitenpyram, fipronil and diafenthiuron useful for synergistic insect control with enhanced crop protection and that delays the dominance of the resistant strains of pests.

In yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition of nitenpyram, fipronil and diafenthiuron can improve biological performance in a single application and minimize occupational exposure and hazards.

In yet another object of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition of nitenpyram, fipronil and diafenthiuron that is effective against a wide variety of chewing, boring, sucking insects and promote plant health.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising of nitenpyram, (b) fipronil, and (c) diafenthiuron and suitable agrochemical additives.

In an aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic composition comprising (a) 1 to 10% w/w of nitenpyram, (b) 1 to 10% w/w of fipronil, (c) 20 to 30% w/w of diafenthiuron and suitable agrochemical additives.

According to the present invention, the suitable agrochemical additives are selected from the group comprising a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a disintegration agent, a defoamer, an anticaking agent, and a filler.

In another aspect of the present invention, the composition is formulated as wettable powder (WP) and water dispersible granule (WDG).

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition of nitenpyram, fipronil and diafenthiuron useful for synergistic insect control with enhanced crop protection and that delays the dominance of the resistant strains of pests.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition of nitenpyram, fipronil and diafenthiuron can improve biological performance in a single application and minimize occupational exposure and hazards.

In another aspect of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of insecticides for the control of chewing, boring, sucking insects and promote plant health.

In yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of a synergistic insecticidal composition of (a) nitenpyram, (b) fipronil, and (c) diafenthiuron.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following detailed description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. For purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required to practice the invention. Descriptions of specific applications are provided only as representative examples. The present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the widest possible scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

It is to be noted that, as used in the specification, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
Similarly, the words "comprise", "comprises", and "comprising" are to be interpreted inclusively rather than exclusively. Likewise, the terms "include", "including" and "or" should all be construed to be inclusive, unless such a construction is clearly prohibited from the context. However, the embodiments provided by the present disclosure may lack any element that is not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, a disclosure of an embodiment defined using the term "comprising" is also a disclosure of embodiments "consisting essentially of” and "consisting of” the disclosed components. Where used herein, the term "example", particularly when followed by a listing of terms, is merely exemplary and illustrative, and should not be deemed to be exclusive or comprehensive. Any embodiment disclosed herein can be combined with any other embodiment disclosed herein unless explicitly indicated otherwise.

The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w/w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified.
As used herein, the terms “insecticide” may be understood to include pesticides specifically used to destroy one or more species of insects.

As used herein, the term “synergistic composition” may be understood to include effective combination of more than one agrochemical that allows the application of the said agrochemical in a much lower dosage, which results in a less dosage treatment for the crops.

As used herein, the term “agrochemical additives” may be understood to include a range of surfactants, dispersing agents, organic or inorganic pigments, solvents, de-solvents, defoamers, and emulsions, crystallization inhibitors, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, dyes, antioxidants, foaming agents, light absorbers, mixing aids, neutralizers or pH adjusting substances and buffers, corrosion inhibitors, fragrances, wetting agents, absorption enhancers, micronutrients, plasticizers, lubricants, thickeners, anti-freezing agents, sterilization agents among others.

The compositions of the present invention are formulated into various formulations such as Granular composition (GR), Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsifiable water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsifiable for seed treatment (ES), Emulsifiable oil-in-water Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

In an embodiment of the present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising of (a) nitenpyram, (b) fipronil, and (c) diafenthiuron.

According to the present embodiment, an insecticidal composition comprising of (a) 1 to 10% w/w of nitenpyram, (b) 1 to 10% w/w of fipronil, (c) 20 to 30% w/w of diafenthiuron and suitable agrochemical additives.

According to the present embodiment, the suitable agrochemical additives are selected from the group comprising a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a disintegration agent, a defoamer, an anticaking agent, and a filler.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical compositions: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules.

Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains a wetting agent selected from the group comprising of sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonates, sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, and naphthalene sulfonic acid and phenol sulphonic acid sodium salt, present in a range from 1 to 5% (w/w).

A dispersant or a dispersing agent is a substance which absorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical compositions to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders; suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules.

Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains a dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of butylated naphthalene sulphonic acid and dioctyl sulphosuccinate, sodium salt of naphthalene sulphonates formaldehyde condensate, modified styrene acrylic polymer, sodium salt of polycarboxylates, modified polyacrylate, acrylate co-polymer, and mixture of salt of naphthalene sulphonic acid and phenol sulphonic acid condensation product, and combination thereof, present in a range from 1 to 10% (w/w).

Disintegrating agents are additive that can be some time useful for improving dispersibility of herbicide formulation. Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains a disintegration agent selected from sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, and sodium sulphate (anhydrous), present in a range from 10 to 25% (w/w).

Defoamer is a chemical reagent developed for defoaming and foam suppression based on the principle of foaming. The defoamer suitable for the purpose of the present invention is silicon powder, and silicone emulsion, present in a range from 0.1 to 2% (w/w).

An anti-caking agent is an additive used in the pesticide industry to avoid the formation of lumps. The anti-caking agent suitable for the purpose of the present invention is precipitated silica (silicon dioxide), present in a range from 0.1 to 5% (w/w).

A filler refers to solid chemicals that are added to an herbicide formulation to aid in the delivery of the active ingredient. Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains a filler is selected from lactose monohydrate, china clay, starch, aluminium hydroxide, and combination thereof, present in Q.S.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition is formulated as wettable powder (WP) and water dispersible granule (WDG).

In another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an insecticidal composition of nitenpyram, fipronil, and diafenthiuron.

The process for preparing the present agrochemical composition can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of the manufacturing the composition. However, all such variations and modifications are still covered by the scope of present invention.

EXAMPLES:
Example 1: Nitenpyram 7.5% + Fipronil 6% + Diafenthiuron 25% WP
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Nitenpyram Active ingredient 7.5
2. Fipronil Active ingredient 6.0
3. Diafenthiuron Active ingredient 25.0
4. Butylated naphthalene sulphonic acid and dioctyl sulphosuccinate Dispersing agent 4.0
5. Sodium salt of naphthalene sulphonates formaldehyde condensate Dispersing agent 3.0
6. Sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate Wetting agent 3.0
7. Silicon powder Defoamer 1.0
8. Precipitated silica Anti caking agent 3.0
9. Lactose monohydrate Filler 5.0
10. China clay Filler Q.S.

Manufacturing Process:
Charged required quantity of nitenpyram, fipronil and diafenthiuron technical in ribbon blender. Then added 4.0 gm of Butylated naphthalene sulphonic acid and dioctyl sulphosuccinate, 3.0 gm of Sodium salt of naphthalene sulphonates formaldehyde condensate, 3.0 gm of sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, 1.0 gm of silicone powder, 3.0 gm of precipitated silica, 5.0 gm of lactose monohydrate and finally added china clay in required quantity and homogenize it for 30 minutes. Pre-blended material was then ground through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely ground material was blended in post blender till it became homogeneous (for approx. 1.5 hr).

Example 2: Nitenpyram 10% + Fipronil 10% + Diafenthiuron 30% WP
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Nitenpyram Active ingredient 10.0
2. Fipronil Active ingredient 10.0
3. Diafenthiuron Active ingredient 30.0
4. Sodium salt of naphthalene sulphonates formaldehyde condensate Dispersing agent 5.0
5. Sodium isopropyl naphthalene Sulfonate Wetting agent 3.0
6. Precipitated Silica Anti caking agent 2.5
7. Lactose Monohydrate Filler 10.0
8. China clay Filler Q.S.

Manufacturing Process:
Charged required quantity of nitenpyram, fipronil and diafenthiuron technical in ribbon blender. Then added 5.0 gm of Sodium salt of naphthalene sulphonates formaldehyde condensate, 3.0 gm of Sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, 2.5 gm of precipitated silica, 10.0 gm of lactose monohydrate and finally added china clay in required quantity and homogenize it for 30 minutes. Pre-blended material was then ground through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely ground material was blended in post blender till it became homogeneous (for approx. 1.5 hr).

Example 3: Nitenpyram 7.5% + Fipronil 6% + Diafenthiuron 25% WDG
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Nitenpyram Active ingredient 7.5
2. Fipronil Active ingredient 6.0
3. Diafenthiuron Active ingredient 25.0
4. Sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate Wetting agent 2.0
5. Sodium salt of polycarboxylates Dispersing agent 2.0
6. Sodium salt of naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensate Dispersing agent 3.0
7. Ammonium sulphate Disintegrating agent 15.0
8. Silicon emulsion Defoamer 0.5
9. Precipitated silica Anti caking agent 1.5
10. China clay Filler Q.S.

Manufacturing process:
The process for manufacture of composition is as follows: 7.5 gm of nitenpyram, 6.0 gm of fipronil, 25.0 gm of diafenthiuron, 2.0 gm of sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, 2.0 gm of sodium salt of polycarboxylates, 3.0 gm of sodium salt of naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensate, 15.0 gm of ammonium sulphate, 0.5 gm of silicon emulsion, and required quantity of china clay were weighed in the pre-blender reactor and mixed for 1 hour. The mixture was milled through air jet mill instrument (Inlet pressure 2-3 kg/cm2, grinding pressure 6 kg/ cm2) to obtain the desired particle size (D90 < 12 microns). Collected the milled material and post blended the material for 1 hour. Extruded the granule at 35 rpm (1.0 mesh), collected the water dispersible granules, and dried at 50°C for 30 min (moisture content it should be < 5%) followed by packing the material in a suitable package.

Example 4: Nitenpyram 10% + Fipronil 10% + Diafenthiuron 30% WDG
S. No. Composition Function Charge in (%)
1. Nitenpyram Active ingredient 10.0
2. Fipronil Active ingredient 10.0
3. Diafenthiuron Active ingredient 30.0
4. Acrylate Copolymer Dispersing agent 3.0
5. Sodium salt of naphthalene sulphonates formaldehyde condensate Dispersing agent 5.0
6. Sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate Wetting agent 3.0
7. Ammonium sulphate Disintegrating Agent 15.0
8. Silicone emulsion Defoamer 0.5
9. Precipitated Silica Anti caking agent 1.0
10. China clay Filler Q.S.

Manufacturing process:
The process for manufacture of composition is as follows: 10.0 gm of nitenpyram, 10.0 gm of fipronil, 30.0 gm of diafenthiuron, 3.0 gm of acrylate copolymer, 5.0 gm of Sodium salt of Naphthalene Sulphonates formaldehyde condensate, 3.0 gm of Sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, 15.0 gm of ammonium sulphate, 0.5 gm of silicon emulsion, 1.0 gm of precipitated silica, and required quantity of china clay were weighed in the pre-blender reactor and mixed for 1 hour. The mixture was milled through air jet mill instrument (Inlet pressure 2-3 kg/cm2, grinding pressure 6 kg/ cm2) to obtain the desired particle size (D90 < 12 microns). Collected the milled material and post blended the material for 1 hour. Extruded the granule at 35 rpm (1.0 mesh), collected the water dispersible granules, and dried at 50°C for 30 min (moisture content it should be < 5%) followed by packing the material in a suitable package.

Evaluation of synergistic effect of the insecticidal composition of the present invention:

A synergistic effect exists whenever the action of an active ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components.

After calculating % disease control, the synergism was calculated by below formula:

The synergistic pesticidal action of the inventive mixtures calculated by Colby’s formula as follows:

Appropriate analysis of plant response to insecticide combination is critical in determining the type of activity observed. The most widely used model is the one Gowing* derived and Colby** modified. Gowing described a mathematical formula for calculating the predicting response values for pesticide mixtures. He suggested the expected (E) percent inhibition of growth induced by pesticide A plus pesticide B is as follows, *(Jerry Flint et al, 1988) ***

The synergistic action expected for a given combination of three active components can be calculated as follows:
(AB + AC + BC) ABC
Expected (E) = A + B + C - +
100 10000

Where:
“E” represents expected percentage of pesticidal control for the combination of the two or three active ingredients at defined doses (for example equal to A, B and C, respectively).
“A” is the percentage of pesticidal control observed by compound A at a defined dose.
“B” is the percentage of pesticidal control observed by the compound B at a defined dose.
“C” is the percentage of pesticidal control observed by the compound C at a defined dose.

The synergistic action expected for given combination of two active components can be calculated as follows:
AB
Expected (E) = A + B
100
Where:
A - Percentage of pest control observed by compound A.
B - Percentage of pest control observed by compound B.

When the percentage of pesticidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of O/E > 1, means synergism observed.)

Reference:
*Gowing, D. P. 1960. Comments on tests of herbicide mixtures. Weeds 8:379–391.
**Colby, S. R. 1967. Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations. Weeds 15:20–22
*** Jerry Flint et al, 1988. Analyzing Herbicide Interactions: A Statistical Treatment of Colby's Method. Weed Technology 2: 304-309

Field efficacy trials: Pests of Cotton
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important cash crop in India with an expanse of 9-11 million hector area under cultivation. It grows well in almost all areas of the country but mainly grown in nine states major cotton growing states which includes Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan in North India, Maharashtra, Gujarat & Madhya Pradesh in Central India, and Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in South India.

The field efficacy trials were conducted in cotton on cotton sucking pest complex. The sucking pests viz., Leafhopper/Jassids (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) (Ishida), Aphid, (Aphis gossypii) (Glover), Thrip (Thrips tabaci) (Linnman), Whiteflies (Bemesia tabaci) and Mites (Tetranychus neocaledonicus) cause severe damage and serious threat to many field crops at early stage and can also affect the crop stand and yield.

Trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative mixtures of Nitenpyram, Fipronil and Diafenthiuron.

Trials were conducted with randomized block design with net plot size of 5m x 8m. Cotton crops were raised with all standard agronomic practices. Spraying was done with manual operated backpack sprayer with 500 liter of water spray volume per hectare at 60 days after sowing. The observations were recorded by counting the number of sucking insects (Jassids, Thrips, Aphids, Whiteflies and Mites) per leaf, six leaves per plant and five plants per plot. The observations were recorded before spraying, 10 DAA (Days after application).

Table 1: Efficacy of Jassids, Thrips, Mites, White fly and Aphid pests’ control in Cotton at 5 and 10 Days After Application (DAA)

Compositions
GAI/ha % Insect Control at 5 DAA % Insect Control at 10 DAA
Jassids Thrips Mites White
fly Aphids Jassids Thrips Mites White
fly Aphids
Nitenpyram 25% SP 80 82.3 73.2 10.2 70.2 70.2 73.3 60.2 8.5 63.5 61.2
Fipronil 5% SC 60 70.4 80.4 8.1 78.7 77.5 60.3 71.2 6.2 67.3 63.3
Diafenthiuron 50% WP 250 68.2 72.2 68.2 85.4 72.2 60.4 66.1 61.4 75.3 67.2
Nitenpyram 25% + Fipronil 5% SC 80 + 100 85.1 82.1 64.1 70.2 81.6 80.2 75.2 50.2 61.3 68.6
Nitenpyram 25% + Diafenthiuron 50% WP 80 + 300 91.3 85.2 88.2 86.2 85.3 86.1 80.3 73.2 82.5 82.1
Fipronil 10% + Diafenthiuron 30% WG 300 86.5 82.3 80.2 83.1 80.2 81.3 70.1 72.4 77.2 72.3
Nitenpyram 7.5% + Fipronil 6% + Diafenthiuron 25% WP 385 96.6 92.8 90.9 93.2 95.5 93.3 90.5 88.1 91.7 91.8

The trial results in table 1 show excellent efficacy of Nitenpyram 7.5% + Fipronil 6% + Diafenthiuron 25% WP combination against sucking pest complex in Cotton. The solo application as well as the combination of two active ingredients tested here against Jassids, thrips, mites, whiteflies, aphids. Solo and combinations were not able to provide satisfactory control of sucking pest complex. Whereas the combination of Nitenpyram 7.5% + Fipronil 6% + Diafenthiuron 25% WP has shown excellent efficacy as well as residual control on Cotton for all sucking pests.

Table 2: Evaluation of synergy of Nitenpyram 7.5% + Fipronil 6% + Diafenthiuron 25% WP against Jassids, Thrips, Mites, Whitefly, Aphid at 10 DAA on Cotton

Compositions
GAI/ha % Insect Control at 10 DAA
Jassids Thrips Mites Whitefly Aphid
Exp. Obs. Exp. Obs. Exp. Obs. Exp. Obs. Exp. Obs.
Nitenpyram 25% SP 80 73.3 60.2 8.5 63.5 61.2
Fipronil 5% SC 60 60.3 71.2 6.2 67.3 63.3
Diafenthiuron 50% WP 250 60.4 66.1 61.4 75.3 67.2
Nitenpyram 25% + Fipronil 5% SC 80 +
100 95.4 80.2 96.2 75.2 92.4 50.2 91.5 61.3 95.1 68.6
Ratio of O/E 0.84 0.78 0.54 0.66 0.72
Nitenpyram 25% + Diafenthiuron 50% WP 80 +
300 95.2 86.1 88.4 80.3 94.1 73.2 91.2 82.5 92.1 82.1
Ratio of O/E 0.90 0.90 0.77 0.90 0.89
Fipronil 10% + Diafenthiuron 30% WG 300 96.1 81.3 95.7 70.1 92.1 72.4 95.4 77.2 93.4 72.3
Ratio of O/E 0.84 0.73 0.78 0.80 0.77
Nitenpyram 7.5% + Fipronil 6% + Diafenthiuron 25% WP 385 83.4 93.3 85.2 90.5 77.3 88.1 80.2 91.7 84.2 91.8
Ratio of O/E - 1.11 1.06 1.13 1.14 1.09

The trial results in table 2 show synergistic effect of Nitenpyram 7.5% + Fipronil 6% + Diafenthiuron 25% WP combination against Jassids, Thrips, Mites, Whitefly & Aphids on Cotton crop. The higher ratio of the observed and the expected efficacy clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination. ,CLAIMS:Claims:

1. A synergistic insecticidal composition comprising of (a) 1 to 10% w/w of nitenpyram, (b) 1 to 10% w/w of fipronil, (c) 20 to 30% w/w of diafenthiuron, and agrochemical additives.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agrochemical additives are selected from a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a disintegration agent, a defoamer, an anticaking agent, and a filler.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the wetting agent is selected from the group comprising of sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonates, sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate, and naphthalene sulfonic acid and phenol sulphonic acid sodium salt, present in a range from 1 to 5% (w/w).

4. The composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of butylated naphthalene sulphonic acid and dioctyl sulphosuccinate, sodium salt of naphthalene sulphonates formaldehyde condensate, modified styrene acrylic polymer, sodium salt of polycarboxylates, modified polyacrylate, acrylate co-polymer, and mixture of salt of naphthalene sulphonic acid and phenol sulphonic acid condensation product, and combination thereof, present in a range from 1 to 10% (w/w).

5. The composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the disintegrating agent is selected from sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, and sodium sulphate (anhydrous), present in a range from 10 to 25% (w/w).

6. The composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the defoamer is selected from silicon powder, and silicone emulsion, present in a range from 0.1 to 2% (w/w).

7. The composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the anti-caking agent is precipitated silica (silicon dioxide), present in a range from 0.1 to 5% (w/w).

8. The composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the filler is selected from lactose monohydrate, china clay, starch, aluminium hydroxide, and combination thereof.

9. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated as Wettable powder (WP), and water dispersible granules (WDG).

Dated this Twenty third (23rd) day of September 2024

_____________________________
Dr. S. Padmaja
Agent for the Applicant
IN/PA/883