DESC:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates, in general, to the field of wireless communication. More particularly, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a digital repeater system for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks and a method thereof.
DEFINITIONS
[0002] As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used indicates otherwise.
[0003] The term “Radio Frequency (RF)” refers to the range of electromagnetic wave frequencies used for wireless communication. RF signals typically range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz and are widely utilized in various communication technologies, including radio broadcasting, television transmission, mobile networks, and radar systems. In wireless communication systems, RF signals are essential for transmitting voice, data, and video across airwaves. These signals propagate through space and are captured by antennas for further processing. The effectiveness of RF communication depends on factors such as frequency selection, signal strength, and environmental conditions.
[0004] The term “Long Term Evolution (LTE)” is a fourth-generation (4G) wireless communication standard designed to deliver high-speed data transmission and improved network performance. LTE enhances both the data rates and network capacity compared to previous cellular technologies like 3G. It operates across various frequency bands and supports scalable bandwidths, enabling flexible deployment in different regions. LTE networks utilize advanced modulation techniques such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for downlink and Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink, ensuring efficient data transmission. LTE also supports Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) modes for managing uplink and downlink communication. With its improved spectral efficiency, low latency, and enhanced data throughput, LTE has become the standard technology for modern mobile communication systems.

BACKGROUND
[0005] The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.
[0006] In the realm of Radio Frequency (RF) coverage solutions, existing Long Term Evolution (LTE) Digital Repeaters rely on complex signal processing methodologies involving FPGA, ASIC, or high-end processors. The innovative approach presented herein stands out by leveraging a straightforward RF System-on-Chip (SoC), simplifying the system architecture while delivering superior performance. Additionally, the use of Joint Electronics Standard Device/ Low-voltage Differential Signaling (JESD/LVDS) protocol for analog-to-digital converter (ADC) data processing is a common practice in these systems. In contrast, the innovative approach presented herein challenges the conventional paradigm by introducing a simplified and efficient signal processing architecture. Instead of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), the system utilizes a straightforward RF System-on-Chip (SoC) for digital filters, streamlining the signal processing pathway.
[0007] Furthermore, the conventional systems typically employ JESD/LVDS protocol for the processing of ADC data. However, the present disclosure takes a departure from this norm. Instead of employing the JESD/LVDS protocol, the system adopts a direct approach by passing the ADC data to the RF SoC digital-to-analog converter (DAC). This novel methodology reduces complexity in data processing, offering a more streamlined and efficient signal processing pathway. The elimination of FPGA for digital filters and the deviation from JESD protocol in ADC data processing mark distinctive features of the described LTE Digital Repeater. These innovations contribute to a more cost-effective, power-efficient, and streamlined system architecture.
[0008] Therefore, there is a need to develop a system and method for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks that can alleviate the aforementioned drawbacks.

OBJECTS
[0009] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows.
[0010] It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative.
[0011] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a digital repeater system for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks and a method thereof.
[0012] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks to eliminate the need for FPGA or Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC).
[0013] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks which incorporates Uplink/Downlink (UL/DL) switching, ADC averager, and automatic power control for noise floor minimization.
[0014] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks that offers a high-speed interface.
[0015] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks that offers real-time signal processing.
[0016] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks that offers digitization, and software control which is used to improve and expand the coverage of a wireless communication network.
[0017] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a simple and cost-effective system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks with RF SoC-based processing.
[0018] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks to enhance signal processing accuracy with the integrated ADC averager and comparator.
[0019] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks to improve system coordination.
[0020] Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
[0021] This summary is provided to introduce concepts related to a digital repeater for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks. The concepts are further described below in the following detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter nor is it intended for use in determining or limiting the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0022] The present disclosure provides a digital repeater system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks. The system further comprises a donor antenna, a signal processing unit, an RF system-on-chip (RF SoC), an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a distribution system, an uplink/downlink (UL/DL) switching circuit, an ADC averager circuit, a comparator circuit, a distribution module, a plurality of service antennas and an automatic power control unit.
[0023] The donor antenna is configured to receive an incoming downlink (DL) signal from a base station and transmit an uplink (UL) signal to the base station.
[0024] The signal processing unit is communicatively coupled to the donor antenna and the signal processing unit comprising an RF system-on-chip (RF SoC) configured to receive and digitize the incoming DL signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and process the digitized DL signal through digital filtering and frequency conversion and apply automatic gain control (AGC) to maintain signal strength within a predefined range and generate an amplified DL signal to be transmitted to a distribution system.
[0025] Further, the uplink/downlink (UL/DL) switching circuit is configured to switch between UL and DL frames based on LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) protocol, wherein the UL/DL switching circuit is integrated within the RF SoC.
[0026] Further, the ADC averager circuit is coupled to the RF SoC that is configured to calculate the average signal strength in UL and DL frames for optimizing power levels.
[0027] Furthermore, the comparator circuit is configured to compare the average signal strength with a predetermined threshold and adjust the gain accordingly.
[0028] Once the signals are processed, the distribution module is communicatively coupled to the signal processing unit, and the distribution module is configured to distribute the processed DL signals to the plurality of service antennas.
[0029] Simultaneously or subsequently, the plurality of service antennas are configured to transmit the amplified DL signal to mobile devices and receive the UL signal for processing by the signal processing unit.
[0030] Thereafter, the automatic power control unit is configured to dynamically adjust the power levels of the DL and UL signals to minimize the noise floor.
[0031] In an embodiment, the donor antenna comprises a low-noise amplifier (LNA) configured to amplify the received DL signal before transmission to the signal processing unit and a coaxial cable configured to minimize signal loss during transmission between the donor antenna and the indoor unit.
[0032] In an embodiment, the RF SoC further comprises a digital filter configured to filter out unwanted noise and interference from the DL and UL signals and a frequency converter configured to convert the DL and UL signals to the required frequency bands.
[0033] In an embodiment, the UL/DL switching circuit is configured to detect uplink and downlink frames based on LTE TDD protocol and synchronize frame transitions between UL and DL operations within a 10-millisecond time slot.
[0034] In an embodiment, the ADC averager circuit and the comparator circuit are configured to measure the average signal strength in real-time for UL and DL frames and dynamically adjust the gain of the DL and UL signals based on the comparison with a predetermined threshold.
[0035] In an embodiment, the automatic power control unit is configured to regulate the power levels of the DL and UL signals to minimize noise floor in varying signal conditions and maintain consistent signal quality during UL/DL switching.
[0036] In an embodiment, the plurality of service antennas is configured to broadcast the processed DL signal to mobile devices within the coverage area, receive the UL signal from mobile devices, and transmit it back to the signal processing unit.
[0037] In an embodiment, the RF SoC is configured to interface with a microcontroller for implementing real-time software control and configuration of the digital repeater system and store previous configuration settings in an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) for automatic retrieval upon system initialization.
[0038] In an embodiment, the system comprises a Graphical User Interface (GUI) or Network Management System (NMS) configured to monitor system status, gain settings, and signal strength in real-time and modify system parameters remotely to optimize performance based on environmental conditions.
[0039] The present disclosure further envisages a method for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks through a digital repeater system. The method includes the following steps:
• receiving an incoming downlink (DL) signal from a base station via a donor antenna;
• digitizing the incoming DL signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) integrated within a signal processing unit;
• processing the digitized DL signals through an RF System-on-Chip (RF SoC) to perform:
o digital filtering and frequency conversion; and
o automatic gain control (AGC) to maintain optimal signal strength;
• detecting uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) frames using an integrated UL/DL switching circuit based on LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) protocol;
• calculating the average signal strength using an ADC averager circuit;
• comparing the average signal strength with a predefined threshold using a comparator circuit and adjusting gain as required;
• distributing the processed DL signal to a plurality of service antennas for broadcast within the coverage area;
• receiving the UL signal through the service antennas and transmitting the UL signal to the base station after amplification; and
• dynamically adjusting power levels of UL and DL signals using an automatic power control unit to minimize noise floor and enhance system efficiency.
[0040] In an embodiment, amplifying and distributing the DL signal comprises boosting the DL signal using a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and distributing the amplified signal via a coaxial cable to a plurality of service antennas for coverage enhancement.
[0041] In an embodiment, adjusting the gain comprises calculating the average signal strength in real-time using an ADC average circuit and comparing the measured signal strength with a predefined threshold using a comparator circuit to dynamically adjust the gain.
[0042] In an embodiment, detecting and switching between UL and DL frames comprises synchronizing the uplink and downlink frame transitions within a 10-millisecond time slot to minimize latency and maintain system stability.
[0043] In an embodiment, the method further comprises monitoring system parameters, gain settings, and signal strength using a Graphical User Interface (GUI) or Network Management System (NMS) and modifying the system configuration remotely based on real-time performance analysis.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
[0044] A digital repeater system for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks and a method thereof of the present disclosure will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:
[0045] Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a digital repeater system for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0046] Figure 2 illustrates a digital repeater system for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks with FPGA as disclosed in the prior arts;
[0047] Figure 3 illustrates a digital repeater system for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks with RFSoC, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0048] Figures 4A-4B illustrate a method for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks through a digital repeater system in accordance with the present disclosure.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
100 – System
102 – Donor antenna
104 – Signal processing unit
106 – RF system-on-chip (RF SoC)
108 – Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
110 – Distribution system
112 – Uplink/downlink (UL/DL) switching circuit
114 – ADC averager circuit
116 – Comparator circuit
118 – Distribution module
120 – Plurality of service antennas
122 – Automatic power control unit

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
[0050] Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components and methods to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
[0051] The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms “a”, “an”, and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms, “comprises”, “comprising”, “including” and “having” are open-ended transitional phrases and therefore, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
[0052] When an element is referred to as being “embodied thereon”, “engaged to”, “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” another element, it may be directly on, engaged, connected, or coupled to the other element. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.
[0053] Various embodiments are further described herein with reference to the accompanying figures. It should be noted that the description and figures relate to exemplary embodiments and should not be construed as a limitation to the subject matter of the present disclosure. It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the subject matter of the present disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof. Yet further, for the sake of brevity, operation or working principles pertaining to the technical material that is known in the technical field of the present disclosure have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present disclosure.
[0054] The present disclosure envisages a digital repeater system (hereinafter referred to as “system 100”) for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks and a method thereof (hereinafter referred to as “method 400”). The system 100 will now be described with reference to Figure 1 and the method 400 will be described with reference to Figures 4A-4B. The digital repeater system for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks with FPGA as disclosed in the prior arts is described herein with reference to Figure 2, the digital repeater system for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks with RFSoC in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure is described herein with reference to Figure 3.
[0055] Figure 1 illustrates a digital repeater system 100 for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The system 100 comprises a donor antenna 102, a signal processing unit 104, a RF system-on-chip (RF SoC) 106, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 108, a distribution system 110, an uplink/downlink (UL/DL) switching circuit 112, an ADC average circuit 114, a comparator circuit 116, a distribution module 118, a plurality of service antennas 120 and an automatic power control 122.
[0056] The system 100 includes the donor antenna 102 which is configured to receive an incoming downlink (DL) signal from a base station and transmit an uplink (UL) signal to the base station. Additionally, to ensure signal integrity during transmission to the signal processing unit, the donor antenna is equipped with a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) that amplifies weak incoming signals to minimize degradation and a coaxial cable is used to carry the amplified signal from the donor antenna to the indoor unit, ensuring minimal signal loss.
[0057] Once the DL signal reaches the indoor unit, it is processed by the signal processing unit 104 which is communicatively coupled to the donor antenna 102 comprising the RF system-on-chip (RF SoC) 106 that is configured to receive and digitize the incoming DL signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 108. The RF system-on-chip (RF SoC) 106 then processes the digitized DL signal through digital filtering and frequency conversion and applies automatic gain control (AGC) to maintain signal strength within a predefined range. Once processed, the RF system-on-chip (RF SoC) 106 generates an amplified DL signal to be transmitted to a distribution system 110.
[0058] Further, the uplink/downlink (UL/DL) switching circuit 112 is integrated within the RF SoC 106 and is configured to switch between UL and DL frames based on LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) protocol. Additionally, the uplink/downlink (UL/DL) switching circuit 112 is configured to detect uplink and downlink frames based on LTE TDD protocol and synchronize frame transitions between UL and DL operations within a 10-millisecond time slot.
[0059] To calculate and compare the average signal strength, the system 100 comprises the ADC averager circuit 114 that is coupled to the RF SoC 106, and the ADC averager circuit 114 is configured to calculate the average signal strength in UL and DL frames for optimizing power levels and the comparator circuit 116, that is configured to compare the average signal strength with a predetermined threshold and adjust the gain accordingly. Additionally, in an embodiment, the ADC averager circuit 114 and the comparator circuit 116 are configured to measure the average signal strength in real-time for UL and DL frames and dynamically adjust the gain of the DL and UL signals based on the comparison with a predetermined threshold.
[0060] The amplified DL signal is then forwarded to the distribution module 118 which is communicatively coupled to the signal processing unit 104, the distribution module 118 is configured to distribute the processed DL signals to a plurality of service antennas 120.
[0061] Further, the plurality of service antennas 120 is configured to transmit the amplified DL signal to mobile devices and receive the UL signal for processing by the signal processing unit 104. Additionally, in an embodiment, the plurality of service antennas 120 are configured to broadcast the processed DL signal to mobile devices within the coverage area, receive the UL signal from mobile devices, and transmit it back to the signal processing unit 104.
[0062] Thereafter the automatic power control unit 122 is configured to dynamically adjust the power levels of the DL and UL signals to minimize the noise floor. Additionally, in an embodiment, the automatic power control unit 122 is configured to regulate the power levels of the DL and UL signals to minimize noise floor in varying signal conditions and maintain consistent signal quality during UL/DL switching.
[0063] In an embodiment, the system 100 may include a processor. The processor may be implemented as microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, state machines, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that manipulate signals based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the processor may fetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory. The functions of the processor may be provided through the use of dedicated hardware as well as hardware capable of executing machine-readable instructions. The processor may be configured to execute functions of various modules of the system 100 such as the donor antenna 102, the signal processing unit 104, the RF system-on-chip (RF SoC) 106, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 108, the distribution system 110, the uplink/downlink (UL/DL) switching circuit 112, the ADC average circuit 114, the comparator circuit 116, the distribution module 118, the plurality of service antennas 120 and the automatic power control 122.
[0064] Figure 2 illustrates a digital repeater system 10 for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks with FPGA as disclosed in the prior arts.
[0065] In a potential architectural framework, a repeater has the flexibility to incorporate either FPGA or ASIC. The implementation of a digital filter using FPGA proves to be overly intricate; therefore, it is advisable to design filters using recommended tools. Specifically in Time Division Duplex (TDD), the detection logic for Uplink/Downlink (UL/DL) frames should be executed within the FPGA. Additionally, the FPGA plays a pivotal role in managing the UL/DL power control logic. Adopting this comprehensive approach introduces complexity to our design and further escalates the costs associated with FPGA/ASIC, necessitating additional manpower for the development of signal processing algorithms.
[0066] In LTE TDD repeater design, the selection of an appropriate preamble in the Uplink/Downlink (UL/DL) communication is a critical consideration. Given the intricate nature of repeater architectures and the challenges associated with FPGA implementation, it is imperative to craft a preamble that aligns with the specific demands of the system. The preamble serves as the foundational segment of the communication protocol, playing a pivotal role in synchronization, frame detection, and overall signal integrity.
[0067] In designing the preamble for UL/DL communication, careful attention must be paid to factors such as simplicity, robustness, and compatibility with the chosen technology stack. Striking a balance between these elements is essential to ensure efficient signal processing and reliable frame detection, especially in the dynamic context of Time Division Duplex (TDD) operations.
[0068] Moreover, considerations for power efficiency and resource utilization become paramount, steering the choice of preamble design away from unnecessary complexities that may burden FPGA or ASIC implementations. The goal is to devise a preamble that not only facilitates seamless communication but also aligns with the overarching objectives of cost-effectiveness and optimal resource allocation.
[0069] The preamble in UL/DL communication for LTD-TDD repeater systems should be thoughtfully tailored to meet the unique challenges posed by the chosen technology, ensuring a harmonious integration with the repeater's architecture while promoting efficiency, reliability, and adaptability.
[0070] Figure 3 illustrates a digital repeater system 100 for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks with RFSoC 106, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0071] The present subject matter disclosed a hardware circuit for detection of Uplink/Downlink (UL/DL) frames. Instead of relying on FPGA-based time synchronization, our approach focuses on the hardware circuit that is responsible for UL/DL frame detection and sends this information to a microcontroller for further processing. This alternative strategy not only streamlines the process but also offers low-cost, robust, and time-efficient development. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this arrangement in achieving accurate preamble identification, and UL/DL switching without the need for FPGA integration.
[0072] Instead of implementing the digital filter directly in the FPGA, we opted for a more efficient approach by segregating the digital filter into the RF SoC 106. This strategic decision not only fulfills all our specified requirements but also significantly reduces both time and resource consumption. By offloading the digital filter to the RF SoC 106, a streamlined and optimized system 100 is achieved that enhances overall performance without compromising functionality. This design not only eliminates the FPGA implementation but also contributes to a more resource-efficient solution.
[0073] In addition to eliminating the FPGA, we have incorporated a distinct ADC averager circuit 114 dedicated to power detection in UL/DL frames for our Automatic Level Control (ALC) logic. Positioned after the RF detection phase and preceding the microcontroller, these circuits play a crucial role in enhancing the precision of power measurements. This strategic placement ensures that the ALC logic disclosed in the present subject matter receives accurate power information, contributing to improved system performance. By introducing uplink/downlink (UL/DL) switching circuit 112 at a specific juncture in the signal processing chain, the flow of information has been effectively optimized within the system 100.
[0074] Given the unique challenges posed by LTE frames with a length of 10 milliseconds and UL/DL switching occurring on the same frequency, a sophisticated level control logic is implemented within the repeater. The level control logic incorporates an average circuit, precisely designed to maintain optimal Automatic Level Control (ALC). This becomes particularly crucial in LTE scenarios, where quick and accurate adjustments are necessary to enhance signal quality and mitigate potential interference during UL/DL transitions. The averager circuit 114 plays a pivotal role in achieving seamless UL/DL switching, ensuring that the ALC adapts efficiently to the dynamic nature of LTE frames.
[0075] The repeater incorporates an ADC averager circuit 114 for precise signal processing. Additionally, a comparator circuit 116 is employed for power measurement. Both functionalities are integrated into the RF SoC 106.
[0076] To minimize noise floor, the repeater implements automatic power control within the RF SoC 106, ensuring optimal signal quality under varying conditions.
[0077] The innovative LTE Digital Repeater design with RF SoC-Based Signal Processing represents a breakthrough in RF coverage solutions. By adopting a simplified RF SoC 106 approach without FPGA or ASIC, the system 100 achieves high performance and efficiency, setting a new standard in the field.
[0078] Figures 4A and 4B outline a method 400 followed by the digital repeater system 100 for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The method encompasses the sequence of actions from receiving an incoming downlink (DL) signal from a base station and transmitting an uplink (UL) signal to the base station to dynamically adjust the power levels of the DL and UL signals to minimize the noise floor. The order in which method 400 is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method steps may be combined in any order to implement method 400, or an alternative method. Furthermore, method 400 may be implemented by processing resource or computing device(s) through any suitable hardware, non-transitory machine-readable medium/instructions, or a combination thereof. The method 400 comprises the following.
[0079] In method Step 402, receiving an incoming downlink (DL) signal from a base station via a donor antenna 102;
[0080] In method Step 404, digitizing the incoming DL signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) (108) integrated within a signal processing unit 104;
[0081] In method Step 406, processing the digitized DL signals through an RF System-on-Chip (RF SoC) 106 to perform digital filtering and frequency conversion and automatic gain control (AGC) to maintain optimal signal strength;
[0082] In method Step 408, detecting uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) frames using an integrated UL/DL switching circuit 112 based on LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) protocol;
[0083] In method Step 410, calculating the average signal strength using an ADC averager circuit 114;
[0084] In method Step 412, comparing the average signal strength with a predefined threshold using a comparator circuit 116 and adjusting gain as required;
[0085] In method Step 414, distributing the processed DL signal to a plurality of service antennas 118 for broadcast within the coverage area;
[0086] In method Step 416, receiving the UL signal through the service antennas 118 and transmitting the UL signal to the base station after amplification; and
[0087] In method Step 418, dynamically adjusting power levels of UL and DL signals using an automatic power control unit 120 to minimize noise floor and enhance system efficiency.
[0088] In the realm of Radio Frequency (RF) coverage solutions, existing Long Term Evolution (LTE) Digital Repeaters rely on complex signal processing methodologies involving FPGA, ASIC, or high-end processors. The innovative approach presented herein stands out by leveraging a straightforward RF System-on-Chip (SoC), simplifying the system architecture while delivering superior performance. Additionally, the use of Joint Electronics Standard Device/ Low-voltage Differential Signaling (JESD/LVDS) protocol for analog-to-digital converter (ADC) data processing is a common practice in these systems. In contrast, the innovative approach presented herein challenges the conventional paradigm by introducing a simplified and efficient signal processing architecture. Instead of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), the system utilizes a straightforward RF System-on-Chip (SoC) for digital filters, streamlining the signal processing pathway.
[0089] Furthermore, the conventional systems typically employ JESD/LVDS protocol for the processing of ADC data. However, the present disclosure takes a departure from this norm. Instead of employing the JESD/LVDS protocol, the system adopts a direct approach by passing the ADC data to the RF SoC DAC. This novel methodology reduces complexity in data processing, offering a more streamlined and efficient signal processing pathway. The elimination of FPGA for digital filters and the deviation from JESD protocol in ADC data processing mark distinctive features of the described LTE Digital Repeater. These innovations contribute to a more cost-effective, power-efficient, and streamlined system architecture.
[0090] The present disclosure pertains to an LTE Digital Repeater addressing RF coverage challenges in environments such as large buildings, tunnels, rural areas, or locations with obstructions that can weaken signals.
[0091] The innovation lies in utilizing a simple RF System-on-Chip (SoC) for signal processing, without the need for FPGA or ASIC. The system is tailored for LTE bands 40 and 41 and incorporates UL/DL switching, ADC averager, and automatic power control for noise floor minimization. The RFSoC integrates programmable logic, microcontrollers, and RF data converters to provide key features for Digital Repeater, including high-speed interface, real-time signal processing, digitization, and software control which is used to improve and expand the coverage of a wireless communication network.
[0092] RF repeaters can be thought of as bidirectional amplifiers that can work together with the nearby distributed antenna systems (DAS) to achieve optimum cellular coverage in an area. The use of an RF repeater is a more cost-effective solution than adding a new BTS to improve coverage and communication quality. The purpose of an RF repeater is to amplify and reconstruct the signal so that it can be sent over a longer distance than would be possible without the repeater. RF repeaters are bidirectional amplifiers that, when located between two antennas, relay signals in remote locations, or in order to bypass obstructed paths. A digital repeater extends the reach between digital radios that are using the same type of digital technology.
[0093] Components of an RF Digital Repeater System: RF repeaters are equipped with large antennas, feedlines, a transmitter, and a receiver. RF repeaters can contain one or more amplifiers. RF repeaters may also contain signal generators, frequency converters, modulators, signal processors, and power supplies. Some of the main components of the RF digital repeater system are provided below:
Donor Antenna:
[0094] The donor antenna is used to receive incoming signals i.e. downlink (DL) from the base station and transmit uplink (UL) from the RF repeater to the base station. It is responsible for transmitting and receiving DL and UL respectively and adding a finite gain to the signals in either direction. Coaxial cables are used to transmit the signals from the donor unit (antenna) to the indoor (repeater) unit. The cable length and quality are critical for minimizing signal loss.
Indoor Unit:
[0095] The indoor unit receives the signals from the donor unit via the coaxial cable and amplifies them further. It also includes components for signal processing and distribution.
Signal Processing Unit:
[0096] This unit may include components for filtering, amplification, and sometimes digital signal processing to improve signal quality and reduce interference.
Distribution System:
[0097] The distribution system distributes the enhanced signals to various areas within the building or coverage area. This may involve the use of additional antennas and coaxial cables.
Service Antennas:
[0098] Service antennas are placed strategically inside the building or coverage area to broadcast the amplified signals to mobile devices or other communication equipment.
[0099] Function and Operation: The purpose of an RF repeater is to amplify and reconstruct the signal so that it can be sent over a longer distance than would be possible without the repeater. RF repeaters are bidirectional amplifiers that, when located between two antennas, relay signals in remote locations, or in order to bypass obstructed paths. Some of the main functions of the RF digital repeater system are provided below:
Signal Amplification:
[00100] The primary function of an RF repeater system is to amplify weak signals received from the donor antenna to improve coverage in areas with poor signal strength.
Frequency Band Support:
[00101] RF repeaters are designed to support specific frequency bands used by the cellular or wireless network they are intended to boost.
Bi-Directional operation:
[00102] All RF repeaters operate in a bi-directional manner, amplifying both the uplink (signals from mobile devices to the base station) and downlink (signals from the base station to mobile devices).
TDD Switching:
[00103] In LTE-TDD, the same frequency is used for both uplink (from the user device to the network) and downlink (from the network to the user device), but these operations occur in different time slots. Switching in this context could refer to the transition between the uplink and downlink time slots. The network infrastructure and user devices must synchronize to switch between transmitting and receiving within the allocated time slots.
Gain Control:
[00104] Automatic gain control (AGC) or manual gain control (MGC) mechanisms may be implemented to adjust the amplification level based on the incoming signal strength.
[00105] The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment but, are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
[00106] The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, a digital repeater system for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks and a method thereof, which:
• provides user(s) with a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks to eliminate the need for FPGA or ASIC,
• provides user(s) with a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks which incorporates UL/DL switching, ADC averager, and automatic power control for noise floor minimization; and
• provides user(s) with a system for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks that offers digitization, and software control which is used to improve and expand the coverage of a wireless communication network.
[00107] The present disclosure described herein above has several economic advantages including, but not limited to:
• time-efficiency, for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks that offer high-speed interfaces;
• real-time processing, for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks that offers real-time signal processing;
• versatility, for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks to improve system coordination;
• accuracy, enhancing signal processing accuracy with the integrated ADC averager and comparator; and
• cost-effective, for enhancing RF coverage in LTE networks with RF SoC-based processing.
[00108] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
[00109] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully reveals the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.
[00110] The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results.
[00111] Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.
[00112] The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.
[00113] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation. ,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A digital repeater system (100) for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, the system (100) comprising:
a donor antenna (102) configured to receive an incoming downlink (DL) signal from a base station and transmit an uplink (UL) signal to the base station;
a signal processing unit (104) communicatively coupled to the donor antenna (102), the signal processing unit (104) comprising:
• a RF system-on-chip (RF SoC) (106) configured to:
- receive and digitize the incoming DL signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) (108);
- process the digitized DL signal through digital filtering and frequency conversion;
- apply automatic gain control (AGC) to maintain signal strength within a predefined range; and
- generate an amplified DL signal to be transmitted to a distribution system (110);
• an uplink/downlink (UL/DL) switching circuit (112) configured to switch between UL and DL frames based on LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) protocol, wherein the UL/DL switching circuit (112) is integrated within the RF SoC (106);
• an ADC averager circuit (114) coupled to the RF SoC (106), configured to calculate the average signal strength in UL and DL frames for optimizing power levels; and
• a comparator circuit (116) configured to compare the average signal strength with a predetermined threshold and adjust the gain accordingly;
a distribution module (118) communicatively coupled to the signal processing unit (104), the distribution module (118) configured to distribute the processed DL signals to a plurality of service antennas (120);
the plurality of service antennas (120) configured to transmit the amplified DL signal to mobile devices and receive the UL signal for processing by the signal processing unit (104); and
an automatic power control unit (122) configured to dynamically adjust the power levels of the DL and UL signals to minimize the noise floor.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the donor antenna (102) comprises:
• a low-noise amplifier (LNA) configured to amplify the received DL signal before transmission to the signal processing unit (104); and
• a coaxial cable configured to minimize signal loss during transmission between the donor antenna and the indoor unit.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the RF SoC (106) further comprises:
• digital filter configured to filter out unwanted noise and interference from the DL and UL signals; and
• a frequency converter configured to convert the DL and UL signals to the required frequency bands.
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the UL/DL switching circuit (112) is configured to:
• detect uplink and downlink frames based on LTE TDD protocol; and
• synchronize frame transitions between UL and DL operations within a 10-millisecond time slot.
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ADC averager circuit (114) and the comparator circuit (116) are configured to:
• measure the average signal strength in real-time for UL and DL frames; and
• dynamically adjust the gain of the DL and UL signals based on the comparison with a predetermined threshold.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the automatic power control unit (122) is configured to:
• regulate the power levels of the DL and UL signals to minimize noise floor in varying signal conditions; and
• maintain consistent signal quality during UL/DL switching.
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of service antennas (120) is configured to:
• broadcast the processed DL signal to mobile devices within the coverage area; and
• receive the UL signal from mobile devices and transmit it back to the signal processing unit (104).
8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the RF SoC (106) is configured to:
• interface with a microcontroller for implementing real-time software control and configuration of the digital repeater system (100); and
• store previous configuration settings in an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) for automatic retrieval upon system initialization.
9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) comprises a Graphical User Interface (GUI) or Network Management System (NMS) configured to:
• monitor system status, gain settings, and signal strength in real-time; and
• modify system parameters remotely to optimize performance based on environmental conditions.
10. A method (400) for enhancing Radio Frequency (RF) coverage in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks through a digital repeater system (100), the method comprising:
• receiving an incoming downlink (DL) signal from a base station via a donor antenna (102);
• digitizing the incoming DL signal through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) (108) integrated within a signal processing unit (104);
• processing the digitized DL signals through an RF System-on-Chip (RF SoC) (106) to perform:
o digital filtering and frequency conversion; and
o automatic gain control (AGC) to maintain optimal signal strength;
• detecting uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) frames using an integrated UL/DL switching circuit (112) based on LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) protocol;
• calculating the average signal strength using an ADC averager circuit (114);
• comparing the average signal strength with a predefined threshold using a comparator circuit (116) and adjusting gain as required;
• distributing the processed DL signal to a plurality of service antennas (120) for broadcast within the coverage area;
• receiving the UL signal through the service antennas (120) and transmitting the UL signal to the base station after amplification; and
• dynamically adjusting power levels of UL and DL signals using an automatic power control unit (122) to minimize noise floor and enhance system efficiency.
11. The method (400) as claimed in claim 10, wherein amplifying and distributing the DL signal comprises:
• boosting the DL signal using a low-noise amplifier (LNA); and
• distributing the amplified signal via a coaxial cable to a plurality of service antennas (120) for coverage enhancement.
12. The method (400) as claimed in claim 10, wherein adjusting the gain comprises:
• calculating the average signal strength in real-time using an ADC averager circuit (114); and
• comparing the measured signal strength with a predefined threshold using a comparator circuit (116) to dynamically adjust the gain.
13. The method (400) as claimed in claim 10, wherein detecting and switching between UL and DL frames comprises synchronizing the uplink and downlink frame transitions within a 10 millisecond time slot to minimize latency and maintain system stability.
14. The method (400) as claimed in claim 10, further comprises:
• monitoring system parameters, gain settings, and signal strength using a Graphical User Interface (GUI) or Network Management System (NMS); and

• modifying the system configuration remotely based on real-time performance analysis.

Dated this 26th Day of March 2025

_______________________________
MOHAN RAJKUMAR DEWAN, IN/PA – 25
OF R. K. DEWAN & CO.
AUTHORIZED AGENT OF APPLICANT

TO,
THE CONTROLLER OF PATENTS
THE PATENT OFFICE, AT NEW DELHI