Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of mobile signal repeaters; and more specifically, to a repeater apparatus and a method of operating the repeater apparatus without noise contribution to a base transceiver station.
BACKGROUND
[0002] In modern telecommunications infrastructure, mobile signal repeaters play a significant role in extending the coverage area of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) by amplifying both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) signals. Such repeaters are particularly useful in scenarios where direct signal reception is compromised due to physical obstacles, distance from the BTS, or other environmental factors that impede signal propagation. However, the conventional mobile signal repeaters have significant technical limitations that impact their effectiveness in large-scale deployments, particularly in Internet-of-Things (IoT) and smart meter applications. A primary challenge with the conventional mobile signal repeaters is their inherent contribution to uplink noise in the network. This noise introduction occurs due to the use of active amplification components in the uplink signal path, which not only amplify the desired signals but also introduce additional noise into the network. The uplink noise contribution becomes particularly problematic in scenarios requiring extensive repeaters deployment, as the cumulative effect of multiple noise sources can substantially degrade the overall network performance. This degradation manifests in several ways, such as a reduced BTS cell capacity due to increased noise floor, interference with network operations, degraded quality of service for connected devices, limitations on the scalability of repeater deployments, and the like. These challenges are particularly pertinent in the realm of IoT devices and smart meters, which require reliable, and consistent communication despite often being located in areas with poor signal coverage. The situation is further complicated by the requirement to maintain efficient network resource utilization while ensuring consistent connectivity for all devices within the coverage area.
[0003] Traditional approaches to addressing these issues have typically involved complex trade-offs between signal amplification, noise management, and system cost. These solutions often result in either compromised performance or prohibitively expensive implementations, making them unsuitable for widespread deployment in cost-sensitive applications, such as IoT networks and smart meter installations. Thus, there exists a technical problem of inefficient mobile signal repeaters that introduce uplink noise during signal amplification, cumulatively degrading network performance and scalability and posing significant challenges for cost-sensitive IoT and smart meter deployments in areas with poor signal coverage.
[0004] Therefore, in light of the foregoing discussion, there exists a need to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks associated with the conventional mobile signal repeaters.
SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure provides a repeater apparatus and a method of operating the repeater apparatus without noise contribution to a base transceiver station. The present disclosure provides a solution to the existing problem of inefficient mobile signal repeaters that introduce uplink noise during signal amplification, cumulatively degrading network performance and scalability and posing significant challenges for cost-sensitive IoT and smart meter deployments in areas with poor signal coverage. An aim of the present disclosure is to provide a solution that overcomes at least partially the problems encountered in prior art, and provide an improved repeater apparatus and a method of operating the improved repeater apparatus without noise contribution to a base transceiver station.
[0006] The object of the present disclosure is achieved by the solutions provided in the enclosed independent claims. Advantageous implementations of the present disclosure are further defined in the dependent claims.
[0007] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a repeater apparatus. The repeater apparatus comprises a donor antenna configured to receive radio frequency (RF) signals from a base transceiver station (BTS). The repeater apparatus further comprises a microcontroller coupled to a radio frequency (RF) transceiver in a downlink signal path, where the microcontroller is configured to execute a dynamic gain control on the received RF signals by periodically adjusting downlink signal gain through the RF transceiver in a predefined cycle such that a periodic uplink and downlink link balance is achieved. The repeater apparatus further comprises a service antenna configured to establish communication with one or more Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices at least once in the predefined cycle.
[0008] The disclosed repeater apparatus offers a groundbreaking solution to RF coverage challenges, particularly for IoT devices and smart meters operating in environments with constrained signal conditions. The repeater apparatus eliminates uplink noise entirely by removing active gain stages from the uplink signal path. This ensures zero noise contribution to the BTS, enabling large-scale deployment without compromising network integrity. Additionally, the dynamic gain cycling mechanism in the downlink signal path ensures the periodic uplink and downlink link balance, facilitating uninterrupted communication for IoT devices and smart meters. With configurable bandwidth, automatic level control (ALC) for hardware protection, and advanced digital filtering for signal integrity, the repeater apparatus is highly adaptable across various network environments. Furthermore, the repeater apparatus manifests a cost-efficient and energy-saving design which makes the repeater apparatus ideal for deployment in resource-constrained settings. By integrating aforementioned features, the repeater apparatus redefines mobile signal repeater technology, offering scalability, efficiency, and superior network reliability.
[0009] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of operating a repeater apparatus without noise contribution to a base transceiver station (BTS). The method comprises receiving, via a donor antenna, radio frequency (RF) signals from the base transceiver station (BTS), executing a dynamic gain control on the received RF signals in a downlink signal path by periodically adjusting downlink signal gain through the RF transceiver in a predefined cycle such that a periodic uplink and downlink link balance is achieved and establishing communication, via a service antenna, with one or more Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices at least once in the predefined cycle.
[0010] The method achieves all the advantages and technical features of the repeater apparatus of the present disclosure.
[0011] It is to be appreciated that all the aforementioned implementation forms can be combined. All steps which are performed by the various entities described in the present application as well as the functionalities described to be performed by the various entities are intended to mean that the respective entity is adapted to or configured to perform the respective steps and functionalities. It will be appreciated that features of the present disclosure are susceptible to being combined in various combinations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0012] Additional aspects, advantages, features and objects of the present disclosure would be made apparent from the drawings and the detailed description of the illustrative implementations construed in conjunction with the appended claims that follow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:

FIG. 1 is a network environment diagram of a communication system comprising a base transceiver station, a repeater apparatus and one or more Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a repeater apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
FIGs. 3A-3C collectively, is a flowchart of a method of operating a repeater apparatus without noise contribution to a base transceiver station, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0014] The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognize that other embodiments for carrying out or practicing the present disclosure are also possible.
[0015] FIG. 1 is a network environment diagram of a communication system comprising a base transceiver station, a repeater apparatus and one or more Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 1, there is shown a communication system 100 comprising a repeater apparatus 102 configured to communicate with a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 104 over a first wireless link 106. The repeater apparatus 102 is further configured to facilitate communication with one or more Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices 108 over a second wireless link 110. This configuration enables seamless signal amplification and reliable connectivity across both networks, ensuring efficient communication between the BTS 104 and the one or more IoT devices 108.
[0016] The communication system 100 may be referred to as a system designed to enable data transmission and exchange between various entities or components, such as the repeater apparatus 102, the BTS 104, and the one or more IoT devices 108, across one or more wireless links, such as the first wireless link 106 and the second wireless link 110. The communication system 100 ensures reliable signal transmission and seamless connectivity in environments where direct communication between the BTS 104 and the one or more IoT devices 108 is challenging, such as areas with poor signal coverage or high interference. Examples of implementation of the communication system 100 may include, but are not limited to, an IoT network (e.g., a smart home with IoT enabled devices), a cellular communication system (e.g., 4G, 5G, or Long-Term Evolution (LTE)), an industrial communication system, and the like.
[0017] The repeater apparatus 102 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that is configured to receive, amplify, and retransmit signals to extend the coverage area of the BTS 104 and improve the quality of communication in a given environment. Examples of the repeater apparatus 102 may include, but are not limited to, a cellular signal repeater, a two-way radio repeater, a hybrid IoT repeater, and the like. The repeater apparatus 102 may also be referred to as a noise zero repeater.
[0018] The BTS 104 may be referred to as a fixed station in a mobile communication network that facilitates wireless communication between mobile devices (or the one or more IoT devices 108) and the network infrastructure. Examples of the BTS 104 may include, but are not limited to, a microcell BTS, a microcell BTS, a smart cell BTS, a rural BTS, an IoT-specific BTS, and the like.
[0019] The first wireless link 106 includes a medium, such as a communication channel, through which the repeater apparatus 102 potentially communicates with the BTS 104. The first wireless link 106 is configured to handle upstream communications, such as from the repeater apparatus 102 to the BTS 104 communications. Examples of the first wireless link 106 may include, but are not limited to, a cellular link, for example, a Fifth Generation (5G), or 5G New Radio (NR) communication link, such as sub 6 GHz, cmWave, or mmWave communication link), a RF communication link carrying IoT device data, a smart meter communication link, and the like.
[0020] The one or more IoT devices 108 may be referred to as interconnected devices which may be configured to communicate and exchange data with one another over the second wireless link 110, enabling automation and remote monitoring. Examples of the one or more IoT devices 114 may include, but are not limited to, smart home devices, wearable devices, industrial IoT devices, healthcare IoT device, agricultural IoT devices, IoT devices for vehicles, smart cities devices, IoT security devices, and the like.
[0021] The second wireless link 110 includes a medium, such as a communication channel, through which the repeater apparatus 102 potentially communicates with the one or more IoT devices 108. The second wireless link 110 is configured to handle downstream communications, such as from the repeater apparatus 102 to the one or more IoT devices 108 communications. Examples of the second wireless link 110 are similar to that of the first wireless link 106.
[0022] FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a repeater apparatus, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is described in conjunction with elements from FIG. 1. With reference to FIG. 2, there is shown a circuit diagram 200 of the repeater apparatus 102. The repeater apparatus 102 comprises a donor antenna 202 configured to receive Radio Frequency (RF) signals from the BTS 104 (of FIG. 1), a microcontroller 204, a RF transceiver 206, a service antenna 208 configured to communicate with the one or more IoT devices 108 (of FIG. 1). The repeater apparatus 102 further comprises a downlink processing circuit comprising a low noise amplifier 210 coupled to a first duplexer 212 and a power amplifier 214. The repeater apparatus 102 further comprises an uplink processing circuit comprising a second duplexer 216 and a filter 218.
[0023] The donor antenna 202 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that is configured to receive RF signals from the BTS 104. Examples of the donor antenna 202 may include, but are not limited to, a Yagi antenna, a Log-Periodic antenna, a dome antenna, or any antenna suitable for use in the repeater apparatus 102.
[0024] The microcontroller 204 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that is configured to to execute a dynamic gain control on the received RF signals. Examples of the microcontroller 204 may include, but are not limited to, a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), an integrated circuit, a processor, a co-processor, a microprocessor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) processor, a reduced instruction set (RISC) processor, a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a state machine, a data processing unit, and other processors or circuits. Moreover, the microcontroller 204 may refer to one or more individual processors, processing devices, a processing unit that is part of a machine. In an implementation, the microcontroller 204 may be used in conjunction with the FPGA to execute a dynamic gain control on the received RF signals.
[0025] The RF transceiver 206 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that is configured to transmit and receive the RF signals for communication purposes. Examples of the RF transceiver 206 may include, but are not limited to, a cellular RF transceiver, a Wi-Fi transceiver, an IoT RF transceiver, a RF transceiver for two-way radios, a RF transceiver for broadcast, and the like.
[0026] The service antenna 208 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that is configured to establish communication with the one or more IoT devices 108. Examples of the service antenna 208 may include, but are not limited to, a panel antenna, an omnidirectional antenna, a ceiling dome antenna, a wall-mount antenna, an ultra-wideband antenna or any antenna suitable for use in the repeater apparatus 102.
[0027] The low noise amplifier 210 may be referred to as an electronic amplifier that may be configured to amplify weak signals while introducing minimal additional noise, thereby enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. The low noise amplifier 210 may be referred to as a key component for a wide variety of applications, from wireless communication and satellite systems to RF testing, medical instrumentation, and consumer electronics, where signal integrity is required.
[0028] The first duplexer 212 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that is configured to allow for simultaneous transmission and reception of the RF signals over a single antenna (e.g., the donor antenna 202). The first duplexer 212 operates by separating the transmitted and received signals, often using filters to prevent interference between the two paths.
[0029] The power amplifier 214 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that is configured to further amplify the processed RF signals for a downlink transmission. The power amplifier 214 may be used in a variety of applications, such as mobile base stations, audio amplifiers, wireless communication, and the like.
[0030] The second duplexer 216 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that is configured to allow for simultaneous transmission and reception of the RF signals over a single antenna (e.g., the service antenna 208).
[0031] The filter 218 may include suitable logic, circuitry, and/or interfaces that is configured to selectively attenuate or amplify specific frequency components of a RF signal while allowing other RF signals to pass through, thereby modifying the RF signal's spectral content. Examples of the filter 218 may include, but are not limited to, a low-pass filter, a high-pass filter, a bandpass filter, a notch filter, and the like.
[0032] In operation, the repeater apparatus 102 comprises the donor antenna 202 configured to receive RF signals from the BTS 104. The term " RF signals" may be referred to as electromagnetic waves within a frequency range used for wireless communication, typically ranging from 3 kHz to 300 GHz. The donor antenna 202 is designed to effectively capture the RF signals transmitted from the BTS 104.
[0033] The repeater apparatus 102 further comprises the microcontroller 204 coupled to the RF transceiver 206 in a downlink signal path, where the microcontroller 204 is configured to execute a dynamic gain control on the received RF signals by periodically adjusting downlink signal gain through the RF transceiver 206 in a predefined cycle such that a periodic uplink and downlink link balance is achieved.
[0034] The term "downlink signal path" refers to a communication pathway through which signals are transmitted from a base station to a mobile device. In case of the repeater apparatus 102, the RF signals are transmitted from the BTS 104 to the one or more IoT devices 108 in the downlink signal path. The term "dynamic gain control" refers to a technique employed to automatically adjust the gain of an input signal to maintain a consistent output level despite of variations in the input signal strength. The term "uplink" refers to a communication pathway through which signals are transmitted from a mobile device to a base station. The term "uplink and downlink link balance" refers to optimization of signal strength and quality in the uplink as well as in the downlink communication path to ensure effective data communication. The term "predefined cycle" refers to a predetermined sequence of operations or events that occur at specified intervals, often utilized in the context of system processes or data transmission protocols.
[0035] The repeater apparatus 102 employs the microcontroller 204 integrated with the RF transceiver 206 in order to manage the downlink signal path. The microcontroller 204 (or the microcontroller 204 and the FPGA) is designed to execute the dynamic gain control by periodically adjusting the downlink signal gain in a predefined cycle (e.g., a predefined cycle of 24 hours). The gain adjustments are made to ensure that all IoT devices (e.g., the one or more IoT devices 108) and smart meters within the coverage area can communicate effectively with the network at least once during each cycle. By implementing no active gain in the uplink path, the repeater apparatus 102 prevents noise interference, thereby maintaining the integrity of the communication. The downlink path supports variable gain adjustments, allowing for tailored signal amplification that adapts to specific network requirements and environmental conditions. The balance between uplink and downlink signals, ensures a reliable communication for all devices within the coverage area of the BTS 104. The dynamic gain control mechanism enhances communication reliability by preventing uplink noise interference, which is required for large-scale deployments in resource-constrained environments, such as residential complexes, industrial zones, office buildings, and other constrained signal areas.
[0036] In accordance with an embodiment, the dynamic gain control is executed by the microcontroller 204 independent of any signal power monitoring in an uplink signal path of the repeater apparatus 102. The term "signal power monitoring" refers to the process of measuring and analyzing the strength of a transmitted signal to ensure optimal performance and reliability in a communication system. The term "uplink signal path" refers to a communication pathway taken by a signal as the signal travels from a user device to a base station or repeater apparatus in a wireless communication network.
[0037] The microcontroller 204 (or the microcontroller 204 and/or the FPGA) is configured to autonomously manage dynamic gain control in the repeater apparatus 102, ensuring that adjustments are made without relying on signal power monitoring in the uplink signal path. Such design of the repeater apparatus 102 eliminates active gain in the uplink, which prevents any noise contribution to the network. By implementing dynamic gain cycling in the downlink path, the repeater apparatus 102 achieves a periodic balance between uplink and downlink communication. The independent execution of dynamic gain control enhances the overall performance of the repeater apparatus 102 by maintaining enhanced signal quality while minimizing noise, thereby improving communication reliability.
[0038] In accordance with an embodiment, the dynamic gain control is executed by the microcontroller 204 independent of any gain adjustment in an uplink signal path of the repeater apparatus 102. The microcontroller 204 (or a combination of the microcontroller 204 and the FPGA) is configured to autonomously manage dynamic gain control in the downlink path, ensuring that adjustments are made without any gain adjustments in the uplink signal path. This is achieved by implementing a design that eliminates active gain in the uplink, thereby preventing any noise contribution to the network. The downlink signal path is equipped with variable gain adjustments, allowing for tailored signal amplification based on specific network requirements and environmental conditions. This configuration enables the periodic uplink-downlink link balance, which is required for maintaining uninterrupted communication for IoT devices (i.e., the one or more IoT devices 108), smart meters, and the like. The independent operation of dynamic gain control from the uplink path results in a cleaner signal transmission, minimizing noise and ensuring reliable communication across the connected devices, for example, the one or more IoT devices 108.
[0039] In accordance with an embodiment, the repeater apparatus 102 comprises the downlink processing circuit in the downlink signal path, where the downlink processing circuit in addition to the microcontroller 204 comprises the low noise amplifier 210 coupled with the first duplexer 212 and configured to amplify the received RF signals from the BTS 104. The term "downlink processing circuit" refers to a circuit designed to process incoming signals from a base station (e.g., the BTS 104) to a mobile device (e.g., one of the one or more IoT devices 108), facilitating the demodulation and decoding of data. The low noise amplifier 210 ensures that the amplified signals maintain a low noise figure, preventing interference that could degrade signal quality. The integration of the low noise amplifier 210 with dynamic gain adjustment results in an enhanced signal integrity and communication reliability, allowing for seamless integration into existing mobile network infrastructures.
[0040] The downlink processing circuit further comprises the RF transceiver 206 configured to process the amplified RF signals and the power amplifier 214 configured to further amplify the processed RF signals for a downlink transmission. The term "amplified RF signals" may be referred to as RF signals that have undergone an increase in power or amplitude, enhancing their ability to propagate over longer distances or through challenging environments. The term "downlink transmission" may be referred to as a communication path from a base station to a mobile device, facilitating the transfer of data or signals in a wireless communication system.
[0041] The RF transceiver 206 is configured to process the amplified RF signals by utilizing advanced digital filtering techniques to maintain signal integrity and reduce noise. The RF transceiver 206 may be configured to employ Automatic Level Control (ALC) mechanisms to adjust gain dynamically, ensuring improved performance under varying input conditions. This capability allows for flexible signal amplification tailored to specific network requirements and environmental factors. The design of the RF transceiver 206 incorporates minimalist hardware, which minimizes complexity and potential points of failure.
[0042] Furthermore, the downlink path incorporates the power amplifier 214 that is specifically designed to enhance the processed RF signals, ensuring improved signal strength for transmission. The power amplifier 214 operates within a variable gain framework, allowing for adjustments based on real-time network conditions and environmental factors. By implementing dynamic gain cycling, the repeater apparatus 102 can adaptively modify the amplification levels, ensuring that all connected IoT devices and smart meters receive adequate signal strength. The minimalist circuit design of the uplink path prevents the introduction of noise, thereby maintaining signal integrity. Also, the careful balance between uplink and downlink gain adjustments facilitates seamless communication across a communication network. The integration of advanced processing methodologies and the power amplifier 214 with dynamic gain cycling results in enhanced signal quality and coverage, enabling efficient communication without introducing uplink noise.
[0043] The repeater apparatus 102 further comprises the service antenna 208 configured to establish communication with the one or more IoT devices 108 at least once in the predefined cycle. The communication between the service antenna 208 and the one or more IoT devices 108 occurs at least once during the predefined cycle (e.g., the predefined cycle of 24 hours), which is designed to ensure that each of the one or more IoT devices 108 can connect to the network periodically. The downlink gain is dynamically adjusted in the predefined cycle, allowing for effective uplink and downlink link balance. The periodic gain adjustment for downlink signals is required for minimizing uplink noise interference, thereby enhancing the overall communication reliability. The dynamic adjustment of downlink gain and periodic communication with the one or more IoT devices 108 leads to improved signal quality and reduced noise interference, facilitating reliable and efficient data transmission.
[0044] In accordance with an embodiment, the repeater apparatus 102 comprises an uplink processing circuit to process uplink signals in an uplink signal path as through-pass, where the uplink processing circuit comprises the second duplexer 216 configured to receive RF signals for uplink transmission from the one or more IoT devices 108 via the service antenna 208. The term "uplink processing circuit" may be referred to as a specialized electronic circuit designed to manage and optimize the transmission of signals from a user device (e.g., a IoT device) to a base station in a communication system. The term "uplink signals" may be referred to as electromagnetic waves transmitted from a user device to a base station, facilitating two-way communication in a network.
[0045] The uplink processing circuit is designed to process the uplink signals in a through-pass configuration, which eliminates the requirement for active amplification stages resulting in a minimalist circuit design. The minimalist circuit design prevents the introduction of uplink noise into the communication network, ensuring seamless integration with existing mobile network infrastructures. The second duplexer 216 within the uplink processing circuit is specifically configured to receive RF signals from the one or more IoT devices 108 via the service antenna 208, facilitating efficient uplink transmission. The absence of active gain in the uplink path results in zero noise contribution to the communication network, enabling uninterrupted communication for the connected IoT devices and smart meters. This through-pass approach maintains signal integrity while preventing interference with the BTS 104.
[0046] The uplink processing circuit comprises the filter 218 directly coupled between the first duplexer 212 and the second duplexer 216 to isolate uplink signals specific to a carrier frequency associated with the BTS 104 and the first duplexer 212 configured to transmit the filtered uplink signals via the donor antenna 202. The term "carrier frequency" may be referred to as a frequency of a waveform that is modulated with an information signal for the purpose of transmission in communication systems. The isolation of the uplink signals through the filter 218 enhances durability and ensures reliable operation, minimizing potential points of failure in the communication link. The utilization of the filter 218 promotes efficient utilization of network resources by preventing uplink noise interference, which is a key requirement for maintaining a balanced communication link. The first duplexer 212 is configured to manage the transmission of the filtered uplink signals via the donor antenna 202, allowing for effective communication with the communication network.
[0047] In accordance with an embodiment, the repeater apparatus 102 comprises an asymmetric signal path architecture in which the uplink signal path of the repeater apparatus 102 comprises only passive components arranged in series between the second duplexer 216 and the first duplexer 212 to eliminate noise contribution to the BTS 104 while the downlink signal path is actively controlled for the dynamic gain control. The term "asymmetric signal path architecture" refers to a configuration in which the signal transmission pathways (e.g., the downlink signal path and the uplink signal path) exhibit unequal characteristics or dimensions, resulting in differential signal processing capabilities and performance metrics across the signal paths. The repeater apparatus 102 employs the asymmetric signal path architecture by integrating the downlink signal path that supports variable gain adjustments and the uplink signal path having passive components. The uplink signal path is designed exclusively with passive components (e.g., the filter 218), which are arranged in series between the second duplexer 216 and the first duplexer 212. This configuration ensures that there is no active gain introduced in the uplink path, effectively preventing any noise contribution to the BTS 104. Moreover, the downlink signal path is actively controlled through a dynamic gain adjustment mechanism that operates in the predefined cycle. This mechanism periodically modifies the downlink gain to maintain the balance between uplink and downlink communication. The asymmetric signal path architecture results in an enhanced communication reliability, as the absence of uplink noise and the dynamic gain adjustments ensure uninterrupted connectivity for devices operating within the coverage area of the BTS 104. This architecture is particularly beneficial in scenarios where, maintaining signal integrity and minimizing noise is required, such as in densely populated areas with numerous IoT devices and smart meters.
[0048] In accordance with an embodiment, the microcontroller 204 is configured to maintain gain variations in the downlink signal path within predetermined thresholds to establish communication with the one or more IoT devices 108 in at least once during a 24-hour period corresponding to the predefined cycle without any signal gain variation processing in an uplink signal path of the repeater apparatus 102. The term "gain variations" may be referred to as fluctuations in the amplification factor of a signal within a system, which may occur due to changes in environmental conditions or component characteristics. The term "predetermined thresholds" may be referred to as specific values or limits established in advance, which serve as reference points for evaluating system performance or triggering operational responses. The microcontroller 204 (or the microcontroller 204 and the FPGA) is configured to dynamically adjust the downlink gain in the predefined cycle, ensuring that all IoT devices and smart meters can communicate effectively within the coverage area of the BTS 104 over the period of 24-hours. This adjustment occurs periodically, allowing for real-time balancing of uplink and downlink signals. The microcontroller 204 (or the microcontroller 204 and the FPGA) is further configured to operate without any signal gain variation processing in the uplink signal path, ensuring that the original signal integrity is maintained throughout the communication process. Consequently, a stable communication environment is obtained with minimized noise contribution in the uplink signal path and uninterrupted connectivity with the one or more IoT devices 108 in the downlink signal path, and ultimately leading to an enhanced overall network performance.
[0049] In accordance with an embodiment, the microcontroller 204 is configured to synchronize gain adjustment timing with communication patterns of the one or more IoT devices 108. The synchronization of the gain adjustment in the downlink signal path with the communication patterns of the one or more IoT devices 108 allows the repeater apparatus 102 to optimize gain adjustments based on the specific timing of uplink and downlink transmissions. Such synchronization is required for maintaining effective communication between the repeater apparatus 102 and the one or more IoT devices 108, particularly in environments where multiple devices are transmitting data simultaneously.
[0050] In accordance with an embodiment, the microcontroller 204 is configured to perform automatic bandwidth control by configuring the RF transceiver 206 to operate within selected frequency bands, adjusting filter parameters based on the selected frequency bands and maintaining separate bandwidth settings for uplink and downlink signal paths. The term "automatic bandwidth control" may be referred to as a method that dynamically adjusts the bandwidth allocation in response to varying network conditions to optimize data transmission efficiency. The term "frequency bands" may be referred to specific ranges of electromagnetic frequencies utilized for communication, each designated for particular applications or services within the spectrum. The term "filter parameters" may be referred to as specific variables and settings that govern the operation of a filter (e.g., the filter 218), including but not limited to cutoff frequency, bandwidth, gain, and attenuation characteristics, which collectively determine the filter's response to input signals. The microcontroller 204 (or the microcontroller 204 and the FPGA) is configured to dynamically adjusts the operational frequency bands of the RF transceiver 206 to maximize the bandwidth usage across the communication system 100 (of FIG. 1). This adjustment is achieved through integrated automatic level control (ALC) mechanisms that monitor input signals and prevent uplink noise interference. The implementation of automatic bandwidth control and gain adjustments leads to efficient utilization of network resources, ensuring reliable communication for all devices within the coverage area of the BTS 104. The microcontroller 204 (or the microcontroller 204 and the FPGA) is further configured to employ advanced digital filtering techniques to dynamically adjust filter parameters (i.e., the parameters of the filter 218) based on the selected frequency bands. This process involves analyzing the incoming signal characteristics and determining the optimal filter settings to enhance signal integrity. The implementation of these filtering and gain adjustment techniques enhances durability and reliability, minimizing potential points of failure and ensuring effective communication across the network. The microcontroller 204 (or the microcontroller 204 and the FPGA) is further configured to maintain separate bandwidth settings for uplink and downlink signal paths by implementing variable gain adjustments in the downlink path. The separation of bandwidth settings enhances communication reliability and maintains the balance between uplink and downlink communications, required for effective communication in environments with multiple devices.
[0051] Additionally, the configurable bandwidth of the repeater apparatus 102 allows it to adapt to a variety of frequencies, catering to diverse applications, such as IoT devices and smart meters. Additionally, the downlink path's variable gain adjustments provide the flexibility required to optimize signal amplification based on specific network requirements and environmental conditions.
[0052] Thus, the present disclosure introduces a sophisticated repeater apparatus (i.e., the repeater apparatus 102) designed to enhance communication for low data rate IoT devices and smart meters by effectively managing RF signals without contributing any noise to the BTS 104. At the core of this disclosure, is the integration of the donor antenna 202 that receives the RF signals from the BTS 104 and the microcontroller 204 that manages dynamic gain control via the RF transceiver 206. The microcontroller 204 periodically adjusts the downlink signal gain in the predefined cycle, ensuring that the uplink and downlink link balance is maintained, which is desired for uninterrupted communication. The service antenna 208 then facilitates reliable connections with multiple IoT devices (i.e., the one or more IoT devices 108), ensuring that each device can communicate at least once within the predefined cycle. The synergy between the donor antenna 202, the microcontroller 204 coupled with the RF transceiver 206, and the service antenna 208 not only eliminates uplink noise but also optimizes the downlink path through dynamic gain cycling. As a result, the repeater apparatus 102 achieves a robust and efficient communication framework that is adaptable to various applications, thereby addressing the specific requirements of modern communication systems while enhancing overall network performance. Additionally, the repeater apparatus 102 features adjustable bandwidth and gain settings, enabling the repeater apparatus 102 to adapt to diverse network requirements and ensuring reliable communication across various devices.
[0053] Moreover, the repeater apparatus 102 (or the noise zero repeater) addresses a key market requirement by providing an advanced RF coverage solution tailored for IoT devices, smart meters, and other connected systems operating in signal-constrained environments. The traditional mobile signal repeaters contribute uplink noise, limiting large-scale deployments and degrading network performance, whereas the repeater apparatus 102 eliminates uplink noise entirely, ensuring seamless integration into existing mobile networks without interference. The repeater apparatus 102 is particularly valuable as the demand for smart infrastructure, industrial automation, and widespread IoT adoption continues to grow, requiring reliable, interference-free communication. The dynamic gain cycling mechanism further enhances efficiency by maintaining the uplink and downlink link balance, ensuring consistent connectivity for all devices within the coverage area of the BTS 104. Additionally, the cost-effective and energy-efficient design of the repeater apparatus 102 makes it ideal for large-scale deployment in urban, rural, and industrial settings, providing telecom operators and service providers with a scalable, high-performance solution. By improving network reliability while minimizing operational costs, the repeater apparatus 102 delivers significant value to mobile network providers, enterprises, and IoT ecosystem stakeholders, making the repeater apparatus 102, a transformative addition to the telecommunications market.
[0054] FIGs. 3A-3C collectively, is a flowchart of a method of operating a repeater apparatus without noise contribution to a BTS, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGs. 3A-3C are described in conjunction with elements from FIGs. 1 and 2. With reference to FIGs. 3A-3C, there is shown a method 300 of operating the repeater apparatus 102 without noise contribution to the BTS 104. The method 300 includes steps 302 to 320. The steps 302 to 308 are shown in FIG. 3A, the steps 310 to 318 are shown in FIG. 3B and the step 320 is shown in FIG. 3C. The step 304 includes sub-steps, 304A and 304B. The step 312 includes sub-steps, 312A and 312B and similarly, the step 320 includes three sub-steps, 320A, 320B and 320C. The microcontroller 204 of the repeater apparatus 102 is configured to execute the method 300.
[0055] There is provided the method 300 of operating the repeater apparatus 102 without noise contribution to the BTS 104. The method 300 is employed to ensure efficient utilization of network resources while maintaining a balanced communication link between the one or more IoT devices 108 and the BTS 104. The combination of dynamic gain adjustment in the downlink signal path and advanced signal processing in the uplink signal path results in enhanced durability and reliable operation under varying network conditions, thereby minimizing potential points of failure.
[0056] Referring to FIG. 3A, at step 302, the method 300 comprises receiving, via the donor antenna 202, RF signals from the BTS 104. At the step 302, the donor antenna 202 captures the RF signals transmitted by the BTS 104 and forwards them to the microcontroller 204 coupled to the RF transceiver 206 for further processing. This reception ensures that the incoming signals are properly amplified and relayed to maintain seamless communication within the network.
[0057] At step 304, the method 300 further comprises processing the received RF signals in the downlink signal path, via the downlink processing circuit. The downlink processing circuit enhances the received RF signals by applying required amplification, filtering, and signal conditioning to ensure reliable transmission to the service antenna 208. This processing improves signal integrity and ensures seamless communication with connected IoT devices.
[0058] At sub-step 304A of the step 304, the method 300 further comprises amplifying the received RF signals by the low noise amplifier 210 coupled with the first duplexer 212. The low noise amplifier 210 boosts the received RF signals while minimizing additional noise, ensuring clear and strong signal transmission. The amplification process enhances signal quality and facilitates efficient downlink communication.
[0059] At sub-step 304B of the step 304, the method 300 further comprises processing the amplified RF signals, via the RF transceiver 206. The RF transceiver 206 processes the amplified RF signals by performing frequency conversion, modulation, and filtering to prepare the processed RF signals for transmission. This ensures that the signals meet the required communication standards and are efficiently relayed to the service antenna 208 for distribution to the connected devices, such as the one or more IoT devices 108.
[0060] At step 306, the method 300 further comprises executing a dynamic gain control on the received RF signals in a downlink signal path by periodically adjusting downlink signal gain through the RF transceiver 206 in a predefined cycle such that a periodic uplink and downlink link balance is achieved. The dynamic gain control mechanism ensures that the downlink signal strength remains optimized while preventing signal distortion or interference. By periodically adjusting the downlink signal gain through the RF transceiver 206 in the predefined cycle, the microcontroller 204 of the repeater apparatus 102 maintains a stable uplink and downlink balance, thereby enhancing overall communication reliability and network efficiency. The dynamic gain control is executed independent of any signal power monitoring in an uplink signal path. The independent dynamic gain control mechanism ensures that the downlink signal gain is periodically adjusted without relying on uplink signal power measurements, thereby preventing any uplink noise contribution to the network. By decoupling gain adjustments from uplink monitoring, the method 300 enables the repeater apparatus 102 to maintain a stable and interference-free communication link while enhancing downlink signal performance. Furthermore, the dynamic gain control is executed independent of any gain adjustment in the uplink signal path. By executing the dynamic gain control independently of any gain adjustment in the uplink signal path, the method 300 ensures that the downlink signal is managed without introducing uplink noise or interference. This separation enhances network stability and allows for efficient signal management while maintaining seamless communication for connected devices.
[0061] At step 308, the method 300 comprises further amplifying the processed RF signals, via the power amplifier 214, for the downlink transmission. The power amplifier 214 increases the strength of the processed RF signals to ensure they are transmitted effectively over the downlink signal path. This amplification enhances signal reach and reliability, enabling stable communication with connected IoT devices (i.e., the one or more IoT devices 108).
[0062] Now referring to FIG. 3B, at step 310, the method 300 further comprises establishing communication, via the service antenna 208, with the one or more IoT devices 108 at least once in the predefined cycle. The periodic communication via the service antenna 208 ensures that the one or more IoT devices 108 receive consistent and reliable signal transmission. By synchronizing the communication with the predefined cycle, the method 300 leads to an optimized network resource utilization while maintaining stable connectivity for IoT devices, even in areas with poor signal coverage.
[0063] At step 312, the method 300 further comprises processing uplink signals in an uplink signal path as through-pass, via the uplink processing circuit. The uplink processing circuit allows uplink signals to pass through without active amplification, ensuring that no additional noise is introduced into the network. This through-pass approach maintains signal integrity while preventing interference with the BTS 104.
[0064] At sub-step 312A of the step 312, the method 300 further comprises receiving RF signals for uplink transmission from the one or more IoT devices 108 via the service antenna 208. The service antenna 208 captures the RF signals transmitted by the one or more IoT devices 108 and forwards them along the uplink signal path for transmission to the BTS 104. This reception ensures continuous and reliable communication between the one or more IoT devices 108 and the network infrastructure.
[0065] At sub-step 312B of the step 312, the method 300 further comprises isolating uplink signals specific to a carrier frequency associated with the BTS 104. The method 300 includes isolating uplink signals to ensure that only the signals specific to the carrier frequency associated with the BTS 104 are processed, improving signal clarity and minimizing interference from other frequencies.
[0066] At step 314, the method 300 further comprises maintaining gain variations in the downlink signal path within predetermined thresholds to establish communication with the one or more IoT devices 108 in at least once during a 24-hour period corresponding to the predefined cycle without any signal gain variation processing in the uplink signal path. The method 300 ensures that gain variations in the downlink signal path are carefully controlled within predetermined thresholds, enabling stable communication with the one or more IoT devices 108 during the predefined cycle. By maintaining this stability in the downlink path, communication is reliably established at least once during the 24-hour period without the requirement for signal gain variation adjustments in the uplink signal path, thus simplifying the process and reducing complexity.
[0067] Furthermore, an asymmetric signal path architecture is obtained in which the uplink signal path of comprises only passive components arranged in series between the second duplexer 216 and the first duplexer 212 to eliminate noise contribution to the BTS 104 while the downlink signal path is actively controlled for the dynamic gain control. The asymmetric signal path architecture enhances performance of communication systems (e.g., the communication system 100) by using passive components exclusively in the uplink signal path, reducing the noise contribution to the BTS 104 and ensuring cleaner signal transmission. In contrast, the downlink signal path is actively controlled, allowing for dynamic gain adjustments to optimize signal quality and maintain reliable communication under varying conditions.
[0068] At step 316, the method 300 further comprises synchronizing gain adjustment timing with communication patterns of the one or more IoT devices 108. The method 300 synchronizes gain adjustment timing with the communication patterns of the one or more IoT devices 108 to ensure that gain modifications occur only when required, enhancing signal quality and minimizing unnecessary adjustments.
[0069] At step 318, the method 300 further comprises transmitting the filtered uplink signals via the donor antenna 202 to the BTS 104. The method 300 ensures that the filtered uplink signals, after isolation and processing, are transmitted through the donor antenna 202, providing a direct and efficient path to the BTS 104. This step improves the transmission process, reducing signal degradation and maintaining the integrity of the communication between the donor antenna 202 and the BTS 104.
[0070] Now referring to FIG. 3C, at step 320, the method 300 further comprises performing automatic bandwidth control. The method 300 incorporates automatic bandwidth control to dynamically adjust the bandwidth allocation based on real-time network conditions, ensuring efficient data transmission while preventing interference.
[0071] At sub-step 320A of the step 320, the method 300 further comprises performing automatic bandwidth control by configuring the RF transceiver 206 to operate within selected frequency bands. The method 300 achieves automatic bandwidth control by configuring the RF transceiver 206 to operate within specific frequency bands, enhancing the use of available spectrum. This targeted approach ensures efficient data transmission while minimizing interference, allowing the repeater apparatus 102 to adapt to varying network conditions and maintain high-quality communication.
[0072] At sub-step 320B of the step 320, the method 300 further comprises performing automatic bandwidth control by adjusting filter parameters based on the selected frequency bands. The method 300 implements automatic bandwidth control by adjusting filter (i.e., the filter 218) parameters in real-time according to the selected frequency bands, ensuring that signal integrity is maintained across varying network conditions. This adjustment leads to an improved performance by minimizing interference and maximizing the effective use of the allocated bandwidth.
[0073] At sub-step 320C of the step 320, the method 300 further comprises performing automatic bandwidth control by maintaining separate bandwidth settings for uplink and downlink signal paths. The method 300 enhances bandwidth efficiency by maintaining separate bandwidth settings for the uplink and downlink signal paths, allowing each path to be managed independently based on the network conditions.
[0074] The steps 302 to 320 are only illustrative, and other alternatives can also be provided where one or more steps are added, or one or more steps are provided in a different sequence without departing from the scope of the claims herein.
[0075] In one aspect, a computer program product is provided comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer program code stored thereon, the computer program code being executable by a processor to execute the method 300. Examples of implementation of the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Flash memory, a Secure Digital (SD) card, Solid-State Drive (SSD), a computer readable storage medium, and/or CPU cache memory. A computer readable storage medium for providing a non-transient memory may include, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Examples of the processor are same as of the microcontroller 204 of the repeater apparatus 102.
[0076] Modifications to embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as "including", "comprising", "incorporating", "have", "is" used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance or illustration". Any embodiment described as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments and/or to exclude the incorporation of features from other embodiments. The word "optionally" is used herein to mean "is provided in some embodiments and not provided in other embodiments". It is appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable combination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the disclosure.
, Claims:CLAIMS
We Claim:
1. A repeater apparatus (102) comprising:
a donor antenna (202) configured to receive radio frequency, RF signals from a base transceiver station, BTS (104);
a microcontroller (204) coupled to a radio frequency, RF transceiver (206) in a downlink signal path, wherein the microcontroller (204) is configured to execute a dynamic gain control on the received RF signals by periodically adjusting downlink signal gain through the RF transceiver (206) in a predefined cycle such that a periodic uplink and downlink link balance is achieved; and
a service antenna (208) configured to establish communication with one or more Internet-of-Things, IoT devices (108) at least once in the predefined cycle.

2. The repeater apparatus (102) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dynamic gain control is executed by the microcontroller (204) independent of any signal power monitoring in an uplink signal path of the repeater apparatus (102).

3. The repeater apparatus (102) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dynamic gain control is executed by the microcontroller (204) independent of any gain adjustment in an uplink signal path of the repeater apparatus (102).

4. The repeater apparatus (102) as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
a downlink processing circuit in the downlink signal path, wherein the downlink processing circuit in addition to the microcontroller (204) comprises:
a low noise amplifier (210) coupled with a first duplexer (212) and configured to amplify the received RF signals from the BTS (104);
the RF transceiver (206) configured to process the amplified RF signals; and
a power amplifier (214) configured to further amplify the processed RF signals for a downlink transmission.

5. The repeater apparatus (102) as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
an uplink processing circuit to process uplink signals in an uplink signal path as through-pass, wherein the uplink processing circuit comprises:
a second duplexer (216) configured to receive RF signals for uplink transmission from the one or more IoT devices (108) via the service antenna (208);
a filter (218) directly coupled between the first duplexer (212) and the second duplexer (216) to isolate uplink signals specific to a carrier frequency associated with the BTS (104); and
the first duplexer (212) configured to transmit the filtered uplink signals via the donor antenna (202).

6. The repeater apparatus (102) as claimed in claim 5, comprising an asymmetric signal path architecture in which the uplink signal path of the repeater apparatus (102) comprises only passive components arranged in series between the second duplexer (216) and the first duplexer (212) to eliminate noise contribution to the BTS (104) while the downlink signal path is actively controlled for the dynamic gain control.

7. The repeater apparatus (102) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (204) is configured to maintain gain variations in the downlink signal path within predetermined thresholds to establish communication with the one or more IoT devices (108) in at least once during a 24-hour period corresponding to the predefined cycle without any signal gain variation processing in an uplink signal path of the repeater apparatus (102).

8. The repeater apparatus (102) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (204) is configured to synchronize gain adjustment timing with communication patterns of the one or more IoT devices (108).

9. The repeater apparatus (102) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microcontroller (204) is configured to perform automatic bandwidth control by:
configuring the RF transceiver (206) to operate within selected frequency bands;
adjusting filter parameters based on the selected frequency bands; and
maintaining separate bandwidth settings for uplink and downlink signal paths.

10. A method (300) of operating a repeater apparatus (102) without noise contribution to a base transceiver station, BTS (104), the method (300) comprising:
receiving, via a donor antenna (202), radio frequency, RF signals from the base transceiver station, BTS (104);
executing a dynamic gain control on the received RF signals in a downlink signal path by periodically adjusting downlink signal gain through a RF transceiver (206) in a predefined cycle such that a periodic uplink and downlink link balance is achieved; and
establishing communication, via a service antenna (208), with one or more Internet-of-Things, IoT devices (108) at least once in the predefined cycle.