DESC:AN INJECTABLE INSECTICIDAL FORMULATION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an insecticidal formulation. More particularly, the instant invention relates to an injectable insecticidal formulation comprising Azadirachtin extracted from neem seed kernels, plant extracts, solvents and surfactants. The present invention also relates to a process of preparing Azadirachtin based formulations for injecting into tree trunks for protecting trees against insect pests.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A variety of insecticidal formulations are commercially available to control destructive insects on food crops. Some of them contain naturally occurring insecticidal active agents, or derivatives thereof, such as azadirachtin. However, a majority of these formulations invariably contain synthetic active insecticidal agents, which may be harmful and toxic to humans, livestock and the environment in the long run. Hence, there is an increased interest in insecticidal formulations consisting exclusively of active natural ingredients or their derivatives.
Azadirachtin is a chemical compound present in neem seeds. It is known to act mainly as an antifeedant and growth disruptor on a variety of insect species, while at the same time has minimal effects on beneficial arthropods. Consequently, Azadirachtin fulfills the criteria of an exceptionally good insecticide with widespread applicability.
Several systemic insecticide compounds can be directly injected into the trunk of trees. Such injections are advantageous in places where soil treatment is not viable, owing to sandy and compacted soil. Typically, such injections involve drilling a hole through the bark into the trunk of the tree, for injecting the insecticidal formulation. Moreover, it is observed that active compounds applied as tree trunk injections are absorbed much more readily compared to soil drenching routes.
It has recently been observed that, formulations containing the natural product, Azadirachtin, from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) are known to possess systemic activity on several defoliating and leaf boring insects when injected into the trunk of trees.
CN 101124906B discloses a truck injection agent which consists of nimbin, latent solvent, osmotic agent, mixing agent and diluent, at the same time, the invention discloses the application of the truck injection agent with nimbin in the truck injection field, namely that the truck injection agent is injected into the truck directly.
However, prior art compositions suffer from the drawbacks of both poor physical and chemical stability, poor translocation to different parts of the plant and rapid depletion of Azadirachtin levels in the tree after injection. Hence, despite advancements and improvements in the prior art, there still exists a need for Azadirachtin based compositions for injecting into tree trunks for protecting trees against insect pests.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The main objective of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art for insecticidal formulation comprising azadirachtin.
It is another objective of the invention to develop a formulation comprising Azadirachtin, for injecting into tree trunks, that is physically and chemically stable for an extended duration.
It is yet another objective of the invention to develop a formulation comprising Azadirachtin that is effective against insect pests.
It is still another objective of the invention to develop a formulation comprising Azadirachtin affording improved bioavailability of the active ingredient and effective translocation to all parts of the plant.
It is an objective of the invention to provide a formulation comprising Azadirachtin that ensures availability of Azadirachtin in the tree for prolonged periods after injection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an insecticidal formulation primarily comprising of azadirachtin as active ingredient. Said insecticidal formulation is intended for injection into tree trunks, to protect the trees from insects that bore through the bark and other parts of the tree.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention, the insecticidal formulation comprises of: a azadirachtin extract present in a range from 5.0% to 18.0% (w/w); a mixture of plant extracts present in an a range from 1.0% to 2.0% (w/w); solvent present in a range from 65.0% to 75.0% (w/w); and surfactant present in a range from 10.0 to 15.0% (w/w). The azadirachtin extract suitable for use in the present invention has minimum percentage purity of 40%.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the plant extract suitable for use in the present invention are selected from the group comprising of cedar wood oil, eucalyptus oil, pepper mint oil, eugenol, rosemary oil, cinnamon oil, clove oil, citronella oil, geraniol, garlic oil, black pepper oil, mint oil, thyme oil, basil oil, camphor oil, lemon grass oil, henna oil, cotton seed oil, cedar leaf oil, mustard oil, corn oil, marigold oil and combination thereof. Preferably, the plant extract is eugenol or clove oil or a mixture thereof.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the solvent suitable for use in the present invention is selected from the group comprising of Tert-Amyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, 1,4-Butanediol, 1,2,4-Butanetriol, Butanol, 2-Butanol, N-Butanol, Tert-Butyl alcohol, Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, Diethylene glycol, Ethanol, Ethylene glycol, 2-Ethylhexanol, Furfuryl alcohol, Glycerol, Isobutanol, Isopropyl alcohol, Methanol, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-Methyl-1-butanol, 2-Methyl-1-pentanol, 3-Methyl-2-butanol, Neopentyl alcohol, 2-Pentanol, 1,3-Propanediol, 1-Propanol, Propylene glycol, Propylene glycol methyl ether, Benzyl benzoate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2-Butoxyethanol acetate, Butyl acetate, Sec-Butyl acetate, Tert-Butyl acetate, Diethyl carbonate, Dimethyl adipate, Dioctyl terephthalate, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl acetoacetate, Ethyl butyrate, Ethyl lactate, Ethylene carbonate, Hexyl acetate, Isoamyl acetate, Isobutyl acetate, Isopropyl acetate, Methyl acetate, Methyl lactate, Methyl phenylacetate, Methyl propionate, Propyl acetate, Propylene carbonate, Triacetin, methyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methyl cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl cyclohexane, benzene, amyl benzene, secondary butyl benzene, toluene, o-ethyl toluene, o-xylene, 4-ethyl-o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 2-ethyl-p-xylene. Preferably, the solvent is butyl acetate or isopropyl alcohol.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the surfactant suitable for use in the present invention is selected from the group comprising of Tween-85, Tween-20, Tween-80, Polyethylene glycol, Tween-60, Polysorbate, Span-80, Span-60, Trilaurin, Triolein, Span 20, Sorbitan trioleate, Isopropyl myristate, poly acrylate. Preferably, the surfactant is ethoxylated castor oil or tween 85.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, the insecticidal formulation of the present invention is formulated in form of Ready to Use (RTU), Emulsified concentrate (EC), ultra-low volume form (ULV) and tree injection form.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, a process for preparation of the insecticidal formulation comprises the steps of: weighing an azadirachtin extracted from neem seed kernels and solvent in a predetermined amount followed by adding solvent to an azadirachtin extracted from neem seed kernels with continuous stirring at 250 rpm for 30 minutes. To this homogenous solution surfactant is added in a predetermined amount with continuous stirring at 250 rpm for 30 minutes followed by adding plant extract with continuous stirring for 60 minutes to obtain final formulation. The process of obtaining final formulation is carried out at ambient temperature and pressure.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a novel, stable and bio-efficacious tree injectable insecticide formulation. The novel composition of the present invention comprises combination of azadirachtin and plant extracts may be any essential oil but not limited to Cedar wood oil, Eucalyptus oil, Pepper mint oil, Eugenol, Rosemary oil, Cinnamon oil, Clove oil, Citronella oil, Geraniol, Garlic oil, Black pepper oil, Mint oil, Thyme oil, Basil oil, Camphor oil, Lemon grass oil, Henna oil, Cotton seed oil, Cedar leaf oil, Mustard oil, Corn oil, Marigold oil with other additives.
It is to be noted, as used in the specification and claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The expression of various quantities in the terms of “% w/w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total composition unless otherwise specified.
As used herein, the term “tree injection” also known as trunk injection or stem injection is a method of targeting a precise application of insecticides into the xylem vascular tissue of a tree with the purpose of protecting the tree from pests. This method largely relies on harnessing the tree's vascular system to translocate and distribute the active compounds into the wood, canopy and roots where protection is needed.
As used herein, the term “effective amount” regarding a composition to control pest or insect refers to that dosage of active substance sufficient to exert the desired activity.
Neem (Azadirachta indica), is a tropical evergreen tree. Neem oil is derived from the fruits and seeds of a neem tree. Methods for obtaining neem oil, azadirachtin extract or other derivatives purified from neem oil are known in the art. One exemplary method for obtaining azadirachtin is cold pressing. The most important active constituent in neem oil is azadirachtin and the others are nimbolinin, nimbin, nimbidin, nimbidol, sodium nimbinate, gedunin, salannin, and quercetin. Azadirachtin is a chemical compound belonging to the limonoid group. The azadirachtin is a secondary metabolite present in the Neem seeds. The azadirachtin is a highly oxidized tetranortriterpenoid which boasts a plethora of oxygen functionality, comprising an enol ether, acetal, hemiacetal and tetra-substituted oxirane as well as a variety of carboxylic esters. The azadirachtin in the present invention is obtained from the seed kernels of the Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica).
An azadirachtin extracted from neem seed kernels have purity in a range of 1% to 97%, preferably a minimum purity 40%. Azadirachtin interferes with the synthesis of an insect's prothoracicotropic hormone, thus retarding growth and development of an insect. Azadirachtin also acts as a feeding deterrent by interference with phagostimulants, which play a role in the normal feeding behaviour of insects and related arthropods. In contrast, neem products are non-toxic to higher animals and most beneficial insects. The range of azadirachtin in the present invention is 5.0% to 18.0% (w/w) of the insecticidal formulation.
Plant extracts are volatile oils and natural products. Plant extracts have been known for centuries in many cases and even millennia, and this term is well known in the art. Plant extracts are available commercially. A plant extract carries a distinctive odor, scent, or essence, of the plant; therefore, plant extracts convey characteristic fragrances. A botanical source is odorous if an odor can be detected by any animal, or pest not just a human; “odorous” thus is simply an indication that some volatile component is present in the plant. Because of their hydrophobic nature, plant extracts are not readily miscible in water. In the present invention the plant extracts may be any plant extracts but not limited to cedar wood oil, clove oil, citronella oil, geraniol, eucalyptus oil, pepper mint oil, eugenol, rosemary oil, cinnamon oil, garlic oil, black pepper oil, mint oil, thyme oil, basil oil, camphor oil, lemon grass oil, henna oil, cotton seed oil, cedar leaf oil, mustard oil, corn oil, marigold oil or any combination thereof. Preferably, the plant extract used in the present invention is eugenol or clove oil. The plant extract in the present invention provides synergistic effect with the main active ingredient azadirachtin of the composition. The range of the plant extract is in between 1.0% to 2.0% (w/w) of the formulation.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a plant extract is a predominately volatile material or materials isolated by some physical (as opposed to chemical) process from an odorous, single-species, botanical source. The oils extracted by the physical process can contain some non-volatile material. A most widely used process for the isolation of plant extract is steam distillation of plant matter, although dry distillation, supercritical fluid extraction, and solvent extraction are also used.
The term “solvent” as used herein refers to an aromatic or aliphatic solvent, with which an active ingredient can be mixed or formulated to facilitate its application, storage, transport, and/or handling, or improve various product characteristics such as its odor. Commonly used solvent include, but are not limited to, Tert-Amyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, 1,4-Butanediol, 1,2,4-Butanetriol, Butanol, 2-Butanol, N-Butanol, Tert-Butyl alcohol, Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, Diethylene glycol, Ethanol, Ethylene glycol, 2-Ethylhexanol, Furfuryl alcohol, Glycerol, Isobutanol, Isopropyl alcohol, Methanol, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-Methyl-1-butanol, 2-Methyl-1-pentanol, 3-Methyl-2-butanol, Neopentyl alcohol, 2-Pentanol, 1,3-Propanediol, 1-Propanol, Propylene glycol, Propylene glycol methyl ether, Benzyl benzoate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2-Butoxyethanol acetate, Butyl acetate, Sec-Butyl acetate, Tert-Butyl acetate, Diethyl carbonate, Dimethyl adipate, Dioctyl terephthalate, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl acetoacetate, Ethyl butyrate, Ethyl lactate, Ethylene carbonate, Hexyl acetate, Isoamyl acetate, Isobutyl acetate, Isopropyl acetate, Methyl acetate, Methyl lactate, Methyl phenylacetate, Methyl propionate, Propyl acetate, Propylene carbonate, Triacetin, methyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methyl cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl cyclohexane, benzene, amyl benzene, secondary butyl benzene, toluene, o-ethyl toluene, o-xylene, 4-ethyl-o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 2-ethyl-p-xylene. Preferably, the solvent suitable for the present insecticidal formulation is butyl acetate or isopropyl alcohol. The solvents are preferably present in a range from 65.0% to 75.0% (w/w) of the insecticidal formulation.
The term “surfactant” as used herein refers to compounds which rupture the insect cuticle and allows active ingredient in the composition to penetrate & translocate within insect body leading to death of insects. The surfactants used herein include, but are not limited to Tween-85, Tween-20, Tween-80, Polyethylene glycol, Tween-60, Polysorbate, Span-80, Span-60, Trilaurin, Triolein, Span 20, Sorbitan trioleate, Isopropyl myristate, poly acrylate, or combinations thereof. Preferably the surfactant used is ethoxylated castor oil or tween 85. The surfactant is used in the range of 10.0% to 15.0% (w/w) of the insecticidal formulation.
The composition of the present invention can be used as ready to use (RTU) and also can be used as emulsified concentrate (EC) formulation by dissolving in required quantity of water and sprayed on desired location. The formulation can also be used in an ULV (Ultra Low Volume) fogging form. The formulation is prepared as emulsifiable concentrate or as ultra low volume form by using processes known in state of the art.
The insecticidal formulation can be used as injections, sprayed through various crop protection systems, drenched in soil, seed treatment and others. A process for application of the insecticidal formulation to the trunk of a tree, comprising the steps of:
a. drilling a hole into the tree trunk;
b. inserting the nozzle of a pressurized canister, filled with the insecticidal formulation, inside the hole drilled into the tree trunk;
c. injecting the insecticidal formulation into the hole; and
d. covering the hole with grafting wax.
Ultra low volume form of formulation can be applied to an area using ULV fogger that releases insecticide in the form of a water-based fog.
Application of the insecticidal composition of the present invention results in death of insects with low to no toxic effect to humans, animals, or environment. One benefit of the present application is a cost-effective alternative to synthetic chemicals with similar efficacy.
The following examples illustrate, but in no way are intended to limit the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1: Process for formulating different formulations
The primary active ingredient azadirachtin extracted from neem seed kernels is weighed in predetermined amount as given in Table 1 and is taken in a vessel followed by slow addition of solvent in predetermined amount with a continuous stirring of 250 rpm for 30 min. To this homogenous solution of solvent and azadirachtin, surfactant is added in a pre-determined amount with a continuous stirring of 250 rpm for 30 min. Followed by addition of plant extract in the ranges between 1.0 to 2.0 % (w/w) and continued stirring for another 60 min to obtain a final formulation. The mixing is carried out at ambient temperature and pressure.
Table 1: Insecticidal formulations
Ingredients Formulation 1 (% w/w) Formulation 2 (% w/w) Formulation 3 (% w/w) Formulation 4 (% w/w) Formulation 5 (% w/w) Formulation 6 (% w/w) Formulation 7 (% w/w)
Azadirachtin 18.0 14.67 5.5 15.0 5.5 18.0 5.0
Butyl Acetate 70.0 30.0 35.0 0 30.0 41.0 65.0
Isopropyl Alcohol 0 44.33 42.5 68.0 53.5 30.0 19.0
Tween 85 10.0 0 15.0 0 10.0 10.0 10.0
Ethoxylated Castor Oil 0 10.0 0 15.0 0 0 0
Plant extract
Eugenol 0 1.0 2.0 0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Plant extract
Clove oil 2.0 0 0 2.0 0 0 0

EXAMPLE 2: Shelf life of Insecticidal formulations
The formulations from example 1 were analysed for stability through accelerated stability study at 54 °C and 50% RH by following CIPAC guidelines. The stability study is known as accelerated stability study as it is not done in real time but conducted at 54 °C and 50% RH. The prepared formulations are transferred into glass vials and placed inside a stability chamber to analyse the degradation of the active material. Generally for azadirachtin, 7 days of accelerated stability study is equivalent to 6 months in real time stability. The developed formulations of example 1 were observed to have a shelf life of 2 years.
EXAMPLE 3 – Bioefficacy studies of the insecticidal formulations of different plants
A. Mango
Mango stem borer is a serious pest of Mango. It destroys fully grown Mango trees there by creating total economic loss for the farmers. Since the pest is inside the bark of the Mango trees, it is difficult to control the pest through pesticides. Further, the life cycle of the pest extends up to a year which limits the control measures for the pest.
Trials were conducted at various Mango orchards for evaluating the bioefficacy of insecticidal formulation against Mango stem Borer. Formulation 7 is selected from Example 1 for bioefficacy study. Trees with Mango stem borer were selected at various locations and injections with different dosages were administered to the trees. The dosages that were tested are 8ml, 20ml, 40ml, 60ml and 80ml/tree. Trees were drilled at 10-15cm from the base using handheld automatic drilling machines. Based on existing knowledge about the distance of injection, nozzles were inserted into the drilled holes and paired with pressurized canisters containing formulation 7. Upon pairing with the nozzle, the formulation is injected into the trees. It takes from 5 minutes to 1 hour for complete injection of formulation into the trees. The rate of injection depends upon various other factors such as soil moisture, time of injection, weather etc.
In order to ascertain the movement of the azadirachtin through trees (acropetal movement) from the site of injection to the remaining portions of the tree, a study was conducted to quantify the presence of azadirachtin after injection. Leaf samples were collected up to 30 days after injection and sent to external laboratory for azadirachtin quantification using LC-MS. The results indicated that Azadirachtin residue was detected up to 25 days after injection.
Table 2: Insecticide formulation residue result in Mango tree at different locations
(A) Avg. Azadirachtin Residue Results (PPM) – Location Vilangalpattu

Formulation 7 dose 1 DAT 2 DAT 3 DAT 7 DAT 15 DAT 20 DAT 25 DAT 30 DAT
at 8ml 0.110 0.134 0.125 0.084 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
at 20ml 0.085 0.016 0.050 0.038 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
at 40ml 0.095 0.040 0.032 0.054 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
at 60ml 0.334 1.548 0.871 0.584 0.259 0.159 0.010 0.010
at 80ml 1.429 2.123 1.130 0.770 0.011 0.048 0.156 0.010

(B) Avg. Azadirachtin Residue Results (PPM) – Location Bramadesam
Formulation 7
Dose 1 DAT 2 DAT 3 DAT 7 DAT 15 DAT 20 DAT 25 DAT 30 DAT
at 8ml 0.075 0.070 0.186 0.052 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
at 20ml 0.095 0.121 0.186 0.053 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
at 40ml 0.179 0.215 0.249 0.075 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
at 60ml 0.173 0.216 0.082 0.181 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
at 80ml 0.102 0.399 0.140 0.084 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010

Since the pest is inside the tree bark and does not exhibit any external symptoms, observations such as dried shoots and the recovery of dried shoots with new flush were recorded. After three months of injection, 80ml/tree provided the maximum number of new flush from dried shoots in comparison to control and other treatments. The following table 3 provides details of the dried shoots with new flush.
Table 3: Efficacy of the insecticide formulation in Mango tree
S.No Treatment Average number of New flush in 3 locations namely Vilangalpattu, Bramadesam & Sendanadu after 4 observations after injection
1 Formulation 7
60ml/tree 29
2 Formulation 7
80ml/tree 47

B. Coconut
Coconut Eriophyid mite is a serious pest of Coconut causing huge economic loss to the farmers. The insect is easily disseminated through wind and new bunches get affected from old infected bunches. Coconut Trees with Eriophyid mite attack were selected in one location for trial. The dosages that were tested are 20ml, 40ml, 60ml and 80ml/tree. Trees were drilled at 10-15cm from the base using handheld automatic drilling machines. Based on existing knowledge about the distance of injection, nozzles were inserted into the drilled holes and paired with pressurized canisters containing formulation 7. Upon pairing with the nozzle, the formulation is injected into the trees. It takes from 5 minutes to 1 hour for complete injection of formulation into the trees. The rate of injection depends upon various other factors such as soil moisture, time of injection, weather etc.
In order to ascertain the movement of the azadirachtin through trees (acropetal movement) from the site of injection to the remaining portions of the tree, a study was conducted to quantify the presence of azadirachtin after injection. Leaf samples were collected up to 30 days after injection and sent to external laboratory for azadirachtin quantification using LC-MS. The results indicated that Azadirachtin residue was detected up to 25 days after injection.
Table 4: Insecticide formulation residue result in Coconut tree
Treatment Details Avg. Azadirachtin Residue Results (PPM) - Location - Thyagavalli
PT 1 DAT 2 DAT 3 DAT 7 DAT 15 DAT 20 DAT 25 DAT 30 DAT
Formulation 7 5% @ 40ml 0.01 0.11 0.32 0.1 0.13 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01
Formulation 7 5% @ 60ml 0.01 0.11 0.67 0.12 0.21 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.01
Formulation 7 5% @ 80ml 0.01 0.165 0.37 0.265 0.15 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

In-order to confirm the bioefficacy of the formulation against Eriophyid Mites, Coconuts on monthly basis were plucked and observed for mite infestation under stereo-zoom microscope. formulation 7 at 80ml/tree was able to bring down the pest population over 2 months after injection. Details below provide the bioefficacy results of formulation 7 against Eriophyid mites.
Table 5: Efficacy result of insecticide formulation in Coconut tree
Treatment Average Mite Count/0.3 Sq. Cm
1 MAI* % ROC** 2 MAI* % ROC**
Formulation 7 5% @ 40ml 38 24 31 45.13
Formulation 7 5% @ 60ml 35 29 23 59.29
Formulation 7 5% @ 80ml 30 40 18 68.14
Untreated Control 50 - 57 -
* MAI: Month after Injection **ROC: Reduction over control
C. Tree Injection insecticide formulation of the present invention are used for controlling the following pests but not limited to:
S.No Tree Crop Pest (Common name) Scientific name
1 Coconut Rhinoceros beetle Oryctes rhinoceros
2 Red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
3 Eriophyid mite Aceria guerreronis
4 Mango Stem borer Batocera rufomaculata
5 Bark eating caterpillar Indarbela tetraonis
6 Shoot borer Clumetia transversa
7 Banana Rhizome weevil Cosmopolites sordidus
8 Pseudostem borer Odoiporus longicollis
9 Rugose Spiraling Whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus
10 Sapota Bud worm Metanastria hytaca
11 Hairy caterpillar Metanastria hytaca
12 Stem borer Plocaederus ferrugineus
13 Guava Fruit borer Congethes (=Dichocrocis) punctiferalis
14 Bark eating caterpillars Indarbella sp
15 Citrus Citrus thrips Thrips nilgiriensis
16 Citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri
17 Citrus butterfly Papilio demolious
18 Fruit sucking moth Otheris maternal
19 Pomegranate Anar butterfly Deudorix (Virachola) isocrates
20 Fruit borer Conogethes punctiferalis
21 Custard Apple Fruit borer Heterographis bengalella
22 Apple San Jose scale Quadraspidiotus perniciosus
23 Stem borer Apriona cinera
24 Codling moth Cydia pomonella

Apart from the above pests, the formulation can be used for controlling various other pests of different forest trees, dates and palm, horticultural tree crops, commercial plantations such as Teak, Rubber etc.
All of the compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the invention. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

,CLAIMS:We Claim:
1. An insecticidal formulation comprising of:
a azadirachtin extract present in a range from 5.0 % to 18.0 % (w/w);
plant extracts present in a range from 1.0 % to 2.0 % (w/w);
solvent present in a range from 65.0 % to 75.0 % (w/w); and
surfactant present in a range from 10.0 to 15.0 % (w/w).
2. The insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the azadirachtin extract has minimum percentage purity of 40%.
3. The insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant extract are selected from the group comprising of cedar wood oil, eucalyptus oil, pepper mint oil, eugenol, rosemary oil, cinnamon oil, clove oil, citronella oil, geraniol, garlic oil, black pepper oil, mint oil, thyme oil, basil oil, camphor oil, lemon grass oil, henna oil, cotton seed oil, cedar leaf oil, mustard oil, corn oil, marigold oil and combination thereof.
4. The insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant extract is eugenol or clove oil or a mixture thereof.
5. The insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the solvent is selected from the group comprising of Tert-Amyl alcohol, Benzyl alcohol, 1,4-Butanediol, 1,2,4-Butanetriol, Butanol, 2-Butanol, N-Butanol, Tert-Butyl alcohol, Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, Diethylene glycol, Ethanol, Ethylene glycol, 2-Ethylhexanol, Furfuryl alcohol, Glycerol, Isobutanol, Isopropyl alcohol, Methanol, 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2-Methyl-1-butanol, 2-Methyl-1-pentanol, 3-Methyl-2-butanol, Neopentyl alcohol, 2-Pentanol, 1,3-Propanediol, 1-Propanol, Propylene glycol, Propylene glycol methyl ether, Benzyl benzoate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2-Butoxyethanol acetate, Butyl acetate, Sec-Butyl acetate, Tert-Butyl acetate, Diethyl carbonate, Dimethyl adipate, Dioctyl terephthalate, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl acetoacetate, Ethyl butyrate, Ethyl lactate, Ethylene carbonate, Hexyl acetate, Isoamyl acetate, Isobutyl acetate, Isopropyl acetate, Methyl acetate, Methyl lactate, Methyl phenylacetate, Methyl propionate, Propyl acetate, Propylene carbonate, Triacetin, methyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, methyl cyclohexane, 1,4-dimethyl cyclohexane, benzene, amyl benzene, secondary butyl benzene, toluene, o-ethyl toluene, o-xylene, 4-ethyl-o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 2-ethyl-p-xylene.
6. The insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the solvent is butyl acetate and/or isopropyl alcohol.
7. The insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the surfactant is selected from the group comprising of Tween-85, Tween-20, Tween-80, Polyethylene glycol, Tween-60, Polysorbate, Span-80, Span-60, Trilaurin, Triolein, Span 20, Sorbitan trioleate, isopropyl myristate, poly acrylate and ethoxylated castor oil.
8. The insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the surfactant is ethoxylated castor oil or Tween 85.
9. The insecticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated in form of Ready to Use (RTU), Emulsified concentrate (EC), ultra-low volume form (ULV) and tree injection form.
10. A process for preparation of the insecticidal formulation comprising the steps of:
weighing an azadirachtin extracted from neem seed kernels in a predetermined amount;
weighing solvent in predetermined amount;
adding solvent to an azadirachtin extracted from neem seed kernels with continuous stirring at 250 rpm for 30 minutes at ambient temperature;
adding surfactant in a predetermined amount with continuous stirring at 250 rpm for 30 minutes; and
adding plant extract with continuous stirring for 60 minutes to obtain final formulation.