FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[001] The present invention relates to novel fungicidal composition for
protecting crops against fungal diseases, and the corresponding methods of
protection by application of the said composition. More, particularly, the present
invention relates to fungicidal composition comprising mandelamide type
compounds particularly mandipropamid, pyraclostrobin which is a strobilurin
fungicide and propineb, a dithiocarbamate fungicide.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] Diseases are a common occurrence on plants, often having a
significant economic impact on yield and quality, thus managing diseases is an
essential component of production for most crops. Broadly, there are three main
reasons as to why fungicides are used: (a) to control a disease during the
establishment and development of a crop, (b) to increase productivity of a crop
and to reduce blemishes, (c) to improve the storage life and quality of harvested
plants and its products. Fungi often spoil (render unusable) stored fruits,
vegetables, tubers, and seeds. Attempts have been made to control the fungal
attack on plants by using different fungicides.
[003] Fungicides are compounds, of natural or synthetic origin, which act
to protect plants against damage caused by fungi. Current methods of agriculture
rely heavily on the use of fungicides. In fact, some crops cannot be grown
usefully without the use of fungicides. Using fungicides allows a grower to
increase the yield and the quality of the crop, and consequently, increase the
value of the crop. In most situations, the increase in value of the crop is worth at
least three times the cost of the use of the fungicide.
[004] However, no one fungicide is useful in all situations and repeated
usage of a single fungicide frequently leads to the development of resistance to
that and related fungicides. Actual experiences of fungicide have shown that
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repeat application of one specific active compound to prevent and treat fungi
will results in quick selectivity of fungal strains in many cases, in order to lower
risk of selectivity of fungal strains, a mixture of compounds of different activities
are commonly used to prevent and treat harmful fungi presently. Active
compounds having different mechanisms of action are combined to delay the
generation of resistance, and reduce the application amount and prevention and
treatment costs. Consequently, research is being conducted to produce
fungicides and combinations of fungicides that are safer, that have better
performance, that require lower dosages, that are easier to use, and that cost less.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[005] The present invention provides a fungicidal composition comprising
as its active ingredient a mandelamide fungicide Mandipropamid, a strobilurin
fungicide Pyraclostrobin, a dithiocarbamate fungicide Propineb and adjuvants.
[006] In an embodiment of the present invention the fungicidal
composition comprises 2 to 6% (w/w) of Mandipropamid; 2 to 6% (w/w) of
Pyraclostrobin; and 50 to 55% (w/w) of Propineb.
[007] In an embodiment of the present invention the adjuvants are selected
from the group comprising wetting agent, dispersing agent, rheology modifiers,
and filler.
[008] In an embodiment of the present invention the wetting agent is
selected from the group comprising non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants,
cationic surfactants, Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) condensate blend,
Linear Alcohol Derivative, and Polyethyleneglycol Nonylphenyl ether
ammonium sulfate, Dialkyl naphthalene sulphonate sodium salt, alcohol
alkoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alcohol
alkoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylates and alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate
or sodium lauryl sulfonate present in an amount of 2 to 6% (w/w).
[009] In an embodiment of the present invention the dispersing agent is
selected from the group comprising phenol sulfonic acid-formaldehyde
polycondensation as sodium salt, Sodium polyalkylnaphthalene sulphonate,
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Acrylate polymer, sodium polycarboxylate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate,
Sodium Ligna sulphonate, and Sodium lauryl sulphate or combination thereof
present in an amount of 3 to 6% (w/w).
[010] In an embodiment of the present invention the adjuvant is selected
from amino acids and Polydimethylsiloxane present in an amount of 1 to 5%
(w/w).
[011] In an embodiment of the present invention the rheology modifiers is
selected from the group comprising of guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum,
carrageenan, alginates, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl sodium
carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, modified starches; other
polysaccharides and modified polysaccharides, polyethylene alcohol, glycerol
alkyl resins and cellulose derivatives, natural oils, mineral oils such as kyros oil,
vegetable oil derivatives, the organoclays, silicon dioxide and fumed silicas
present in an amount of 1 to 5% (w/w).
[012] In an embodiment of the present invention the filler is selected from
the group comprising of aluminium silicate, silica sand, silicon carbide,
aluminium trioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, carbon
black, copper, kaolin clay present in an amount of 10 to 25% (w/w).
[012] In an embodiment of the present invention the composition IS
formulated as a Wettable powder.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[013] It is to be noted that, as used in the specification, the singular forms
"a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates
otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing "a
compound" includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be
noted that the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or"
unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[014] Similarly, the words "comprise," "comprises," and "comprising" are
to be interpreted inclusively rather than exclusively. Likewise, the terms
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"include," "including" and "or" should all be construed to be inclusive, unless
such a construction is clearly prohibited from the context. However, the
embodiments provided by the present disclosure may lack any element that is
not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, a disclosure of an embodiment defined
using the term "comprising" is also a disclosure of embodiments "consisting
essentially of' and "consisting of' the disclosed components. Where used herein,
the term "example," particularly when followed by a listing of terms, is merely
exemplary and illustrative, and should not be deemed to be exclusive or
comprehensive. Any embodiment disclosed herein can be combined with any
other embodiment disclosed herein unless explicitly indicated otherwise.
[015] The expression of various quantities in terms of"% w/w" or "%"
means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or
composition unless otherwise specified.
[016] The term "active ingredient" (a.i.) or "active agent" used herein
refers to that component of the composition responsible for control of fungi,
insects-pests or disease.
[017] As used herein, the term "effective amount" means the amount of
the active substances in the compositions to achieve an observable effect on
growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and
removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the
target organism. An effective amount of the compositions will also vary
according to the prevailing conditions such as desired pesticidal effect and
duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.
[018] This invention relates to a novel fungicidal composition comprising
mandipropamid, pyraclostrobin and propineb. The present invention also relates
to use of such compositions in preventing fungal diseases in plants.
[019] Mandipropamid [ 4-chloro-N -[2-[3-methoxy-4-(2-
propynyloxy)phenyl]ethyl]a-(2-propynyloxyl)- benzeneacetamide], is a new
fungicide in the mandelamide class developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.
for the control of foliar oomycete pathogens in a range of crops including
Plasmopara viticola in grapes, Phytophthora infestans in potatoes and tomatoes,
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and Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucurbits. Mandipropamid is also proposed
for uses on leafy vegetables to control downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) and
blue mold (Peronospora effuse). Mandipropamid inhibits steps in the
biosynthesis of phospholipids. The structure of mandipropamid is
[020] Pyraclostrobin (Methyl N-[2-[[1-( 4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-
yl]oxymethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxycarbamate) is a quinone outside inhibitor
belonging to the strobilurin chemical class. Pyraclostrobin is a broad-spectrum
fungicide, controlling major plant pathogens from the ascomycete,
basidiomycete, deutromycete and oomycetes classes of fungi. Pyraclostrobin is
taken up rapidly by the plant and is largely retained by the waxes in the leaf
cuticle. It demonstrates good translaminar movement through leaf, resulting in
disease control on both leaf surfaces. Pyraclostrobin is effective against wheat
leaf blotch (Septaria tritici ), wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis ), brown rust
(Precondite), leaf blotch (Rhynocsporium secalis) and net blotch (Pyrenophora
teres). The structure of Pyraclostrobin is
[021] Propineb, ([[(1-Methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)bis[ carbamodithioato]](2-
)]zinc)) is a contact fungicide with broad spectrum activity. It is used to control
a wide range of fungal diseases, including downy mildew, brown rot, black rot,
red fire, leaf spot, and blight in crops such as grapes, tomatoes, potatoes, berries,
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citrus, rice and tea. Propineb is a polymeric zinc-containing dithiocarbamate.
Due to the release of zinc, the application of propineb results in greening effect
on the crop and subsequent improvement in quality of product. The structure of
Propineb is
* *
[022] Compositions comprising a single fungicidally active component
suffer from numerous drawbacks such as development of resistant fungal
species, requirement of high amount and concentration of the active ingredient,
environmental damage, seepage of the active component into ground water,
phytotoxicity and harmful effects on the health of animals and humans.
[023] Accordingly, the present invention provides a novel fungicidal
composition comprising:
a mandelamide type fungicide;
a strobilurin fungicide;
a dithiocarbamate fungicide, m effective amounts and suitable
adjuvants.
[024] According to the present invention the mandelamide type fungicide
is mandipropamid, strobilurin fungicide is selected from azoxystrobin,
picoxystrobin, pyraclostrabin, trifloxystrobin and dithiocarbamate fungicide is
selected from mancozeb, propineb, maneb, metiram, thiram, ziram.
[025] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a novel
fungicidal composition, comprising:
a Mandipropamid;
a Pyraclostrobin;
a Propineb in effective amounts, and suitable adjuvants.
[026] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a novel
fungicidal composition, comprising:
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2 to 6% (w/w) of Mandipropamid,
2 to 6% (w/w) of Pyraclostrobin,
PCT /IN2022/050739
50 to 55% (w/w) of Propineb, and suitable adjuvants.
[027] The novel fungicidal composition of the present invention may be
formulated as Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable
powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate
(EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable
powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW),
Plowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion
(ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible
liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC),
Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water
soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water
soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV)
suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, Water dispersible
granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry
seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS
and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of
CS and EW (ZW). Preferably, the composition of the present invention is
formulated as Wettable powder.
[028] The composition further contains a support, an adjuvant and/or a
surfactant. During application, a common adjuvant can be mixed with
the composition.
[029] Suitable adjuvants may be a solid or liquid, and are generally a
substance commonly used in formulation processing process, for example,
natural or regenerated minerals, solvents, dispersing agents, wetting agents,
adhesives, thickeners, binders or fertilizers.
[030] A method for applying the composition of the present invention
includes: applying the composition of the present invention on the seed, bulbs,
roots of transplants, and other propagative organs and aboveground part of
plants, especially the leaves or foliage. The frequency of application and
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application amount depend on the biological characteristics and the climate
survival conditions of the fungal pathogen. A liquid formulation containing
the composition may be used to wet the plant growing place such as rice field,
or the composition may be applied in the soil in the solid form, such as in the
granular form (soil application), so that the composition can get into the plant
body (systemic action) through the plant roots from the soil.
[031] For the purpose of the present invention, the suitable adjuvants are
selected from the group comprising of wetting agent, dispersing agent, adjuvant,
rheology modifier, filler and other suitable adjuvants as required.
[032] The wetting agent is a compound that facilitates rapid wetting of the
powder when added to the water. The wetting agent employed in the formulation
composition is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants,
anionic surfactant and a mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactant and
polymeric surfactant.
[033] Suitable wetting agent useful in accordance with the invention are
Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) condensate blend, Linear Alcohol
Derivative, and Polyethyleneglycol Nonylphenyl ether ammonium sulfate,
Dialkyl naphthalene sulphonate sodium salt, alcohol alkoxylate, fatty alcohol
ethoxylates and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The wetting agent employed
in the wettable powder formulation may be non-ionic surfactants belonging to
the class of alcohol alkoxylate and fatty alcohol ethoxylates. Wetting agent may
also be an anionic surfactant belonging to alkyl naphthalene sulfonate
condensate or sodium lauryl sulfonate. The wetting agent used in the present
invention is in amount of 2 to 6% (w/w).
[034] The dispersing agent is a compound which ensures that the particles
remain suspended in water. The dispersing agent can be ionic or non-ionic or a
mixture of such surface-active agents or graft co-polymer dispersant.
[035] Suitable dispersing agent useful in accordance with the invention are
phenol sulfonic acid-formaldehyde polycondensation as sodium salt, Sodium
polyalkylnaphthalene sulphonate, Acrylate polymer, sodium polycarboxylate,
sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, Sodium Ligna sulphonate, and Sodium lauryl
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sulphate. The dispersing agent used in the present invention is in an amount of 3
to 6% (w/w).
[036] Adjuvants are used in the present invention for increasing biological
efficacy of agrochemicals. Suitable adjuvants for the purpose of the present
invention are amino acids (Active 30.lx) and Polydimethylsiloxane (Silwet
408). The adjuvants are present in an amount of 1 to 5% (w/w).
[037] The rheology modifier is any material that alters the rheology of a
composition to which it is added. Suitable rheology modifier useful in
accordance with the invention are natural polymers selected from the group guar
gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan, alginates, methyl cellulose,
carboxymethyl sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose,
modified starches; other polysaccharides and modified polysaccharides,
polyethylene alcohol, glycerol alkyl resins and cellulose derivatives, natural oils,
mineral oils such as kyros oil, vegetable oil derivatives such as SURFOM® ESP
8105, the organoclays such as Bentone, Bentone SD and Benathix Plus and the
fumed silicas such as Aerosil R974, Aerosil200 and Aerosil 972, Aerosil R816
(silanehexadecyltrimethoxy hydrolysis product with silica), silicon dioxide and
equivalent products thereof, preferably used IS aerosilR816
(silanehexadecyltrimethoxy hydrolysis product with silica). The rheology
modifier is present in an amount of 1 to 5% (w/w).
[038] Suitable filler useful in accordance with the invention are aluminium
silicate, silica sand, silicon carbide, aluminium trioxide, barium sulfate, calcium
carbonate, calcium sulfate, carbon black, copper, kaolin clay. The filler is present
in an amount of 10-25% (w/w).
[039] The active compounds within the composition according to the
invention have potent microbicide activity and can be employed for controlling
undesired micro-organisms, such as fungi or bacteria, in crop protection or in the
protection of materials.
[040] These compositions may merely contain the active components in
effective amount and be applied, and may also mixed with additives for use, so
the composition of the present invention may be formulated into various
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formulations, for example, wettable powder, a suspension, an oil suspension, a
water dispersible granule, an emulsion in water and a microemulsion. Preferably,
the composition of the present invention is in wettable powder form.
[041] According to the properties of these compositions and the purpose
to be achieved by applying the composition as well as the environmental
conditions, the method for applying the composition may be selected to be
spraying, atomizing, dusting, scattering or pouring and the like.
[042] It has been surprisingly found that the novel fungicidal composition
of the present invention delays the appearance of the resistant strains of fungi
and achieves effective and economical control of undesired fungicide infection.
The composition achieves improved biological activity by enhancing overall
control of diseases caused by fungi over a shorter period of time. Additional
benefits of using the fungicidal composition of the present invention includes
reduced risk of occupational hazard, lower cost of application, better cost:
benefit ratio to the end user, reduced fuel and labour cost, saving in applicator's
time and loss caused by mechanical damage to the crop and soil.
[043] The composition of the present invention can also be applied in
conjunction with one or more herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, nematicides,
growth factor enhancers and/or one or more fertilizers. The composition when
used in conjunction may comprise other actives like one or more herbicides,
fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, growth factor enhancers and/or one or
more fertilizers.
[044] The composition can be applied in conjunction with one or more
other fungicides to control a wider variety of fungi. The composition comprising
the other fungicide can be formulated with the other fungicide by tank mixing
with other fungicides or applied sequentially with other herbicides.
[045] The present invention is further illustrated by the following
examples which are provided merely to be exemplary of the inventions and is
not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Certain modifications and
equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be
included within the scope of the present invention.
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Examples:
[046] Example 1: Preparation of composition of Mandipropamid +
Pyraclostrobin + Propineb in wettable powder form
The composition of the present invention is prepared in following steps:
Step 1: weighing the raw materials according to batch size and mixing it for one
hour. For illustration purpose the raw material may be china clay, Sodium ligna
sulfonate, Supragil WP, mandipropamid, pyraclostrobin, propineb, ppt silica and
active 30. 1 X.
Step 2: Milling the sample through air jet mill instrument at inlet pressure 2-3
kg/cm2 and grinding pressure 6 kg/cm2 and checking for the particle size < 15
micron.
Step 3: Collecting the milled material, and post blending the sample for 1 hour.
Step 4: Sending the sample to the quality analysis.
Step 5: Packing the formulated material in a suitable package.
[047] Example 2: Compositions of the present invention
The illustrative embodiments show the composition of Mandipropamid,
Pyraclostrobin and Propineb in wettable powder form in different amount as
follows:
Table 1: Mandipropamid 3.5% + Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 50 WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name % (w/w)
Mandipropamid@ 96.7 Fungicide (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[3- 3.619
%(b)3.5% methoxy -4-(prop-2-
ynyloxy)phenethyl]-2-(prop-2-
ynyloxy) acetamide
Pyraclostrobin @97% Fungicide Methyl N-{2-[1-(4- 3.608
(b) 3.5% chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl
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oxymethyl]phenyl}(N-methoxy)
carbamate
Propineb @ 81% (b) Fungicide Polymeric zinc 1,2-propylenebis 61.728
50% ( dithiocarbamate)
Supragil WP Wetting Dialkyl naphthalene sulphonate 2.5
agent sodium salt
Sodium Ligna Dispersing Sodium Ligna sulphonate 6.0
sulphonate agent
Active 30.1X Adjuvant Amino acids 3.0
PPT silica Rheology Amorphous form of silica 1.0
modifier
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 18.545
Total 100
Table 2: Mandipropamid 4% + Pyraclostrobin 4% + Propineb 50.5 WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name % (w/w)
Mandipropamid @96.7 Fungicide (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[3- 4.13
%(b) 4.0% methoxy-4-(prop-2-
yny loxy )phenethy 1]-2-(prop-
2-ynyloxy) acetamide
Pyraclostrobin @97% Fungicide Methyl N-{2-[1-(4- 4.12
(b) 4.0% chlorophenyl) pyrazol-3-yl
oxymethy 1 ]pheny 1} (Nmethoxy
)carbamate
Propineb @ 81% Fungicide Polymeric zinc 1,2- 62.34
(b) 50.5% propylenebis
( dithiocarbamate)
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Morwet 3028 Wetting Alky !naphthalene sulfonate 5.0
agent (ANS) condensate blend
Tarnal FBPP Dispersing Phenol sulfonic acid- 3.0
agent formaldehydepolycondensation
as sodium
salt.
Agrilan 789 Dispersing Acrylate copolymer 1.0
agent
Ppt Silica Rheology Silicon dioxide 2.0
modifier
Silwet 408 Adjuvent Polydimethylsiloxane 3.0
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 15.41
Total 100
Table 3: Mandipropamid 4.2% + Pyraclostrobin 4.2% + Propineb 51.5 WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name % (w/w)
Mandipropamid@ 96.7 Fungicide (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-[3- 4.34
%(b) 4.2% methoxy -4-(prop-2-
yny loxy )phenethy 1]-2-(prop-2-
ynyloxy) acetamide.
Pyraclostrobin @97% Fungicide Methyl N-{2-[1-(4- 4.32
(b) 4.2% chlorophenyl) pyrazol-3-yl
oxymethyl] phenyl}(Nmethoxy)
carbamate.
Propineb @ 81% (b) Fungicide Polymeric zinc 1,2- 63.58
51.5% propy lenebis ( dithiocarbamate)
Supragil WP Wetting Dialkyl naphthalene sulphonate 4.5
agent sodium salt
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Supragil MNS 90 Dispersing Sodium salt of methyl 2.5
agent naphthalene sulfonate
Dispersal PSR19 Dispersing Phenol sulfonic acid- 2.5
agent formaldehydepolycondensation
as sodium
salt
Ppt Silica Rheology Silicon dioxide, 1.8
modifier
Silwet408 Adjuvant Polydimethylsiloxane 3.0
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 13.46
Total 100
Table 4: Mandipropamid 4.5% + Pyraclostrobin 4.5% + Propineb 52 WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name % (w/w)
Mandipropamid Fungicide (RS)-2-( 4-chloropheny 1)-N- 4.65
@96.7% (b) 4.5% [3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-
ynyloxy)phenethyl]-2-
(prop-2-ynyloxy)
acetamide.
Pyraclostrobin @97% Fungicide Methyl N-{2-[1-(4- 4.63
(b) 4.5% chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl
oxymethyl]phenyl }(Nmethoxy
)carbamate
Propineb @ 81% (b) Fungicide Polymeric zinc 1,2- 64.19
52% propy lenebis
( dithiocarbamate)
Geropon L wet Wetting agent Linear Alcohol Derivative 4.5
Geropon T 36 Dispersing Sodium polycarboxylate 2.5
agent
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Geropon T 77 Dispersing Sodium methyl oleoyl 3.0
agent taurate
Ppt Silica Rheology Silicon dioxide, 2.5
modifier
Silwet408 Adjuvant Polydimethy lsiloxane 3.0
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 11.03
Total 100
Table 5: Mandipropamid 5% + Pyraclostrobin 5% + Propineb 53 WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name % (w/w)
Mandipropamid Fungicide (RS)-2-( 4-chlorophenyl)- 5.17
@96.7% (b) 5.0% N-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-
2-ynyloxy)phenethyl]-2-
(prop-2-ynyloxy)
acetamide.
Pyraclostrobin Fungicide Methyl N-{ 2-[1-( 4- 5.15
@97% (b) 5.0% chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-
yloxymethyl]phenyl }(Nmethoxy
)carbamate.
Propineb@ 81% Fungicide Polymeric zinc 1,2- 65.43
(b) 53% propy lenebis
( dithiocarbamate)
Dispersal PS Wetting agent Polyethylene glycol 5.0
nonyl phenyl ether
ammonium sulfate.
Sodium Ligna Dispersing Sodium ligna sulphonate 3.0
sulphonate agent
Sodium lauryl Dispersing Sodium lauryl sulphate 1.0
sulphate agent
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Ppt Silica Rheology Silicon dioxide, 2.5
modifier
Silwet 408 Adjuvant Polydimethy lsiloxane 3.0
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 9.75
Total 100
[048] Example 3: Efficacy study for combination of Mandipropamid
3.5% + Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 50% WP
Field Bio-efficacy trials: Grape downy mildew.
[049] Triall: Bio-efficacy against grapes downy mildew
[050] The Downy mildew is caused by the Oomycete group of fungal
pathogens Plasmopara viticola. This is potentially devasting disease can infect
grapes foliage and berries at any stage of crop development. The pathogen
overwinters as thick-walled spores (oospores) in leaf debris from the previous
growing season on the soil surface under vines. Oospores at or near the soil
surface will germinate in spring by producing sporangia that are rain-splashed
or wind-blown to susceptible grape tissues. Sporangia release swimming
zoospores in a film of water (rain or dew) which infect the leaves by penetrating
the leaf stomata within several hours. Light green or yellow lesions, called "oil
spots," on leaves appear within 5 to 17 days after infection, depending on the
temperature.
[051] Disease development required cool, moist weather under the
favourable condition foliar symptoms appear as yellow circular spot with an oily
appearance (oily spots). Young oily spots on young leaves surrounded by a
brownish yellow halo. The halo fades the oil spots matures. Under favourable
weather conditions, large numbers of oil spots may develop and coalesce to
cover most of leaf surface.
[052] The field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative
mixtures of Mandipropamid, Pyraclostrobin and Propineb against grapes downy
mildew. Trial was conducted with randomized block design with net plot size of
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5m x 10m. Grape crop was raised with all standard agronomic practices.
Spraying was done with manual operated backpack knapsack sprayer with 1000
L of water spray volume per hectare at 8 to 10 days after pruning.
[053] The visual observations were recorded for % disease control from
ten plants per plot. The observations were recorded at before spraying, 5 DAA
(Days after application) and 10 DAA (Days after application).
Table 6: Downy mildew disease control in grapes:
Percent disease control -
Dose
Compositions Grapes Downy mildew.
(g Allha)
05DAA lODAA
Mandipropamid 3.5% + 95 85
Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + 1140
Propineb 50% WP
Mandipropamid 70 50 40
Pyraclostrobin 70 40 25
Propineb 1000 35 15
WP- Wettable powder and DAA- Days after application.
[054] The trial results in table 6 show excellent efficacy of
Mandipropamid 3.5% + Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 50% WP combinations
against downy mildew disease of grape. The solo application of three active
ingredients tested here, were also not able to provide satisfactory control of
downy mildew disease. The combination of Mandipropamid 3.5% +
Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 50% WP found very promising against grapes
downy mildew in terms of efficacy as well as residual control.
[055] Synergy Studies:
[056] After calculating % disease control, the synergism was calculated by
below formula:
[057] The synergistic pesticidal action of the inventive mixtures calculated
by Colby's formula as follows:
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Appropriate analysis of plant response to pesticide combination is critical in
determining the type of activity observed. The most widely used model is one
Gowing* derived and Colby** modified. Gowing described a mathematical
formula for calculating the predicting response values for pesticide mixtures. He
suggested the expected (E) percent inhibition of growth induced by pesticide A
plus pesticide B and plus pesticide C is as follows, *(Jerry Flint et al, 1988)***
(AB+ AC+ BC) ABC
Expeet~d {E) .~ A + B + C · ~----"""'"""'"" ...,... ·········
100 10000
Where,
A = observed efficacy of active ingredient A at the same concentration as
used in the mixture.
B = observed efficacy of active ingredient B at the same concentration as
used in the mixture.
C = observed efficacy of active ingredient C at the same concentration as
used in the mixture.
[058] When the percentage of pesticidal control observed for the
combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect.
(Ratio of 0/E > 1, means synergism observed.)
Reference:
*Gowing, D. P. 1960. Comments on tests of herbicide mixtures. Weeds 8:379-
391.
**Colby, S. R. 1967. Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of
herbicide combinations. Weeds 15:20-22
*** Jerry Flint et al, 1988. Analyzing Herbicide Interactions: A Statistical
Treatment of Colby's Method. Weed Technology 2: 304-309
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Table 7: Percent downy mildew disease control at 10 DAA
% Downy mildew
Dose
Compositions disease control
(g ormVba)
Expected Actual
Mandipropamid 70 40
Pyraclostrobin 70 25
Propineb 1000 15
Mandipropamid 3.5% + 61.75 85
Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 1140
50%WP
Ratio of OlE 1.38
WP- Wettable powder and DAA- Days after application.
[059] The results in table 7 clearly demonstrates synergy between
Mandipropamid, Pyraclostrobin and Propineb in controlling grapes downy
mildew disease. The large difference between the observed and the expected
efficacy clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination.
Field Bio-efficacy trials: Potato Early and Late blight.
[060] Triall: Bio-efficacy against Potato Early blight
The Early blight of Potato is caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria solani.
This is potentially devasting disease can infect Potato foliage at any stage of crop
development. Symptoms of early blight occur on fruit, stem and foliage of
potatoes and stem, foliage, and tubers of potatoes. Initial symptoms on leaves
appear as small 1-2 mm black or brown lesions and under conducive
environmental conditions the lesions will enlarge and are often surrounded by a
yellow halo. Lesions greater than 10 mm in diameter often have dark pigmented
concentric rings. As lesions expand and new lesions develop entire leaves may
turn chlorotic and dehisce, leading to significant defoliation. Lesions occurring
on stems are often sunken and lens-shaped with a light centre and have the
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typical concentric rings. On young potato seedlings lesions may completely
girdle the stem, a phase of the disease known as "collar rot," which may lead to
reduced plant vigor or death. Warm, humid (24-29°C/ 75-84°F) environmental
conditions are conducive to infection. In the presence of free moisture and at an
optimum of 28-30°C (82-86°F), conidia will germinate in approximately 40 min.
Desiccated germ tubes are able to renew growth when re-wetted, and, hence,
infection can occur under conditions of alternating wet and dry periods.
[061] The field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative
mixtures of Mandipropamid + Pyraclostrobin + Propineb against Alternaria
solani fungus in Potato. Trial was conducted with randomized block design with
net plot size of 5m x 6m. Rice crop was raised with all standard agronomic
practices. Spraying was done with manual operated backpack knapsack sprayer
with 500 L of water spray volume per hectare at 45 days after transplanting.
[062] The visual observations were recorded for % disease control from
ten leaf per plot. The observations were recorded at before spraying, 7 DAA
(Days after application) and 14 DAA (Days after application).
Table 8: Early blight disease control in Potato:
Percent disease control -
Dose
Compositions Potato Early blight
(g Allha)
07DAA 14DAA
Mandipropamid 3.5% + 90 80
Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 50% 1140
WP
Mandipropamid 70 10 5
Pyraclostrobin 70 40 30
Propineb 1000 35 30
WP- Wettable powder and DAA- Days after application.
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[063] The trial results in table 8 show excellent efficacy of
Mandipropamid 3.5% + Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 50% WP combinations
against Early blight disease of Potato. The solo application of three active
ingredients tested here, were also not able to provide satisfactory control of Early
blight disease. The combination ofMandipropamid 3.5% + Pyraclostrobin 3.5%
+ Propineb 50% WP was found very promising against Potato Early blight in
terms of efficacy as well as residual control.
[064] Synergy Studies:
[065] After calculating % disease control, the synergism was calculated by
below formula:
(AB + AC + BC) i\BC
Ex1~tt~d {E} ·"'A+ B + C ~· ~"""'"'"'"'"'~ ..,. """""""""
100 10000
Where,
A = observed efficacy of active ingredient A at the same concentration as
used in the mixture.
B = observed efficacy of active ingredient B at the same concentration as
used in the mixture.
C = observed efficacy of active ingredient C at the same concentration as
used in the mixture.
[066] When the percentage of pesticidal control observed for the
combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect.
(Ratio of 0/E > 1, means synergism observed.)
Table 9: Percent Early blight disease control at 14 DAA
Dose % Early blight disease control
Compositions
(g or ml/ha) Expected Actual
Mandipropamid 70 5
Pyraclostrobin 70 30
Propineb 1000 30
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Mandipropamid 3.5% + 53.45 80
Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + 1140
Propineb 50% WP
Ratio of OlE I 1.5
WP- Wettable powder and DAA- Days after application.
[067] The results in table 9 clearly demonstrates synergy between
Mandipropamid, Pyraclostrobin and Propineb in controlling Potato Early blight
disease. The large difference between the observed and the expected efficacy
clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination.
[068] Trial 2: Bio-efficacy against Potato Late blight
[069] The late blight is caused by the Oomycete group of fungal pathogen
Phytophthora infestans. This is potentially devasting disease can infect potato
foliage and tuber at any stage of crop development. The first symptoms of late
blight in the field are small, light to dark green, circular to irregular-shaped
water-soaked spots. These lesions usually appear first on the lower leaves.
Lesions often begin to develop near the leaf tips or edges, where dew is retained
the longest. During cool, moist weather, these lesions expand rapidly into large,
dark brown or black lesions, often appearing greasy. The lesions are not limited
by leaf veins, and as new infections occur and existing infections coalesce, entire
leaves can become blighted and killed within just a few days. The lesions also
may be present on petioles and stems of the plant. Maximum and minimum
temperatures in the range of 16-20°C and 1-6°C were found favourable
for potato blight disease. Similarly, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed
in the range of 63-71%, 1.5-3.75 mm and 1-5.5 Km/h, respectively, were
conducive for PLB disease which are helpful in disease development.
[070] The field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative
mixtures of Mandipropamid, Pyraclostrobin and Propineb against Phytophthora
infestans fungus in potato crop. Trial was conducted with randomized block
design with net plot size of 5m x 6m. Potato crop was raised with all standard
agronomic practices. Spraying was done with manual operated backpack
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knapsack sprayer with 500 L of water spray volume per hectare at 45 days after
planting.
[071] The visual observations were recorded for % disease control from
ten plants per plot. The observations were recorded at before spraying, 7 DAA
(Days after application) and 14 DAA (Days after application).
Table 10: Late blight disease control in potato:
Percent disease
control - Potato
Dose
Compositions late blight
(g Allha)
07 14DAA
DAA
Mandipropamid 3.5% + 90 75
Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 1140
50%WP
Mandipropamid 70 65 50
Pyraclostrobin 70 25 15
Propineb 1000 40 20
WP - Wettable Powder and DAA -Days after application.
[072] The trial results in table 10 show excellent efficacy of
Mandipropamid 3.5% + Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 50% WP combinations
against late blight disease of potato. The solo application of two active
ingredients tested here, were also not able to provide satisfactory control of late
blight disease. The combination ofMandipropamid 3.5% + Pyraclostrobin 3.5%
+ Propineb 50% WP was found very promising against potato late blight in terms
of efficacy as well as residual control.
[073] Synergy Studies:
[074] After calculating% disease control, the synergism was calculated by
below formula:
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v",w\ D ...'l.. . A(' ' ·o .., , ,;'!. Dl.. ~ · t\ . . 't'· .ot} ,'\,,0\,
Expected (E) ~ A.+ B + C .~ ........................... ~ ""
100 j{h)00
Where,
PCT /IN2022/050739
A = observed efficacy of active ingredient A at the same concentration as used
in the mixture.
B = observed efficacy of active ingredient B at the same concentration as used
in the mixture.
C = observed efficacy of active ingredient C at the same concentration as used
in the mixture.
When the percentage of pesticidal control observed for the combination is
greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of 0/E
> 1, means synergism observed.)
Table 11: Percent late blight disease control at 14 DAA:
% late blight disease
Dose
Compositions control
(g or ml/ha)
Expected Actual
Mandipropamid 70 50
Pyraclostrobin 70 15
Propineb 1000 20
Mandipropamid 3.5% + 66.00 75
Pyraclostrobin 3.5% + Propineb 1140
50%WP
Ratio of OlE 1.14
WP- Wettable powder and DAA- Days after application.
[075] The results in table 11 clearly demonstrates synergy between
Mandipropamid, Pyraclostrobin and Propineb in controlling late blight disease
in potato. The large difference between the observed and the expected efficacy
clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination.
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[076] The composition of the present invention shows synergistic effect
and hence resulting in lower disease infestation, lower rates of application, a
longer duration of action and altogether higher crop yields. Other advantages
include reduce application frequency, slow the evolution of fungicide resistance,
broaden the fungi control spectrum and efficacy, and contribute to the
environmental sustainability of fungicides.
[077] Although the present invention has been described and illustrated
with respect to preferred embodiments and a preferred user thereof, it is not to
be so limited since modifications and changes can be made therein which are
within the full scope of the invention.

We Claim:
1. A fungicidal composition comprising as its active ingredient a mandelamide
fungicide Mandipropamid, a strobilurin fungicide Pyraclostrobin, a
dithiocarbamate fungicide Propineb and adjuvants.
2. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
1. 2 to 6% (w/w) of Mandipropamid,
11. 2 to 6% (w/w) of Pyraclostrobin, and
111. 50 to 55% (w/w) of Propineb.
3. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein adjuvants are
selected from the group comprising wetting agent, dispersing agent,
adjuvants, rheology modifiers, and filler.
4. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the wetting agent
is selected from the group comprising non-ionic surfactants, anwmc
surfactants, cationic surfactants, Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate (ANS)
condensate blend, Linear Alcohol Derivative, and Polyethyleneglycol
Nonylphenyl ether ammonium sulfate, Dialkyl naphthalene sulphonate
sodium salt, alcohol alkoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, sodium dodecyl
benzene sulfonate, alcohol alkoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylates and alkyl
naphthalene sulfonate condensate or sodium lauryl sulfonate present in an
amount of 2 to 6% (w/w).
5. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dispersing
agent is selected from the group comprising phenol sulfonic acidformaldehyde
polycondensation as sodium salt, Sodium
polyalkylnaphthalene sulphonate, Acrylate polymer, sodium
polycarboxylate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, Sodium Ligna sulphonate,
and Sodium lauryl sulphate or combination thereof present in an amount of
3 to 6% (w/w).
6. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the adjuvant is
selected from amino acids and Polydimethylsiloxane present in an amount
of 1 to 5% (w/w).
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7. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rheology
modifiers is selected from the group comprising of guar gum, locust bean
gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan, alginates, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl
sodium carboxymethy lcellulose, hydroxyethy lcellulose, modified starches;
other polysaccharides and modified polysaccharides, polyethylene alcohol,
glycerol alkyl resins and cellulose derivatives, natural oils, mineral oils such
as kyros oil, vegetable oil derivatives, the organoclays, silicon dioxide and
fumed silicas present in an amount of 1 to 5% (w/w).
8. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the filler is
selected from the group comprising of aluminium silicate, silica sand,
silicon carbide, aluminium trioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate,
calcium sulfate, carbon black, copper, kaolin clay present in an amount of
10 to 25% (w/w).
9. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition
is formulated as a Wettable powder.