FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel herbicidal composition for controlling
weeds and undesired vegetation. More, particularly, the present invention relates to
an herbicidal composition comprising Propanil, Cyhalofop Butyl and 2,4-D or its
derivatives for controlling weeds and undesired vegetation in cereals preferably rice
crops.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Weeds are more than unsightly plants in a field. Weeds rob soil moisture and
nutrients from the competing crop and decrease harvest efficiencies. Weeds also
compete with the crop for sunlight. Because they are plants competing to survive
in a limited space, weeds are actively removing nutrients from the soil to grow
taller, stronger and healthier each day. By removing nutrients for their own growth
and development processes, weeds are leaving crops with lower amounts of key
nutrients necessary to maximize yields. Research has shown that up to 60 percent
of yield is dependent on soil fertility, and weeds that rob nutrients from crops limit
yield potential.
What complicates matters worse is the issue of herbicide-resistant weeds. As with
any natural evolution process, weeds are becoming more resistant to popular
herbicides which are used to control them. The protection of crops from weeds and
other vegetation which inhibit crop growth is a constantly recurring problem in
agriculture. To help combat this problem, researchers in the field of synthetic
chemistry have produced an extensive variety of chemicals and chemical
formulations effective in the control of such unwanted growth. Chemical herbicides
of many types have been disclosed in the literature and a large number are in
commercial use. However, there remains a need for compositions and methods that
are effective in controlling undesirable vegetation. One way to address herbicide-
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resistant weeds is to use herbicides of different chemical classes that are more
effective on resistant weeds.
Thus, there remams an unmet need for effective herbicidal compositions, m
particular for herbicidal compositions to be used in cereals, preferably rice, which
effectively reduce growth of weeds such as
Echinochloa while being essentially harmless to the cultured crop.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel herbicidal composition
comprising Propanil, Cyhalofop-butyl and 2,4-D and its derivatives in effective
amounts to expand herbicide spectrum.
It is another object of the present invention to provide the application of novel
herbicidal composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a novel herbicidal composition comprising as its
active ingredient Propanil, Cyhalofop butyl, and 2,4 D or its derivatives and
adjuvants.
In an embodiment of the present invention 2,4 D or its derivative is preferably
Sodium salt of 2,4-D.
In an embodiment of the present invention the adjuvants are selected from the group
comprising wetting agent, dispersing agent, rheology modifiers, buffer, and filler.
In an embodiment the present invention provides a novel herbicidal composition
compnsmg:
a. 2 to 5% (w/w) of Propanil,
b. 5 to 8% (w/w) of Cyhalofop butyl,
c. 50 to 55% (w/w) of 2,4 D sodium,
d. 4 to 5% (w/w) of wetting agent,
e. 4 to 8% (w/w) of dispersing agent,
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f. 1 to 6% (w/w) of Rheology modifier,
g. 0.1 to 1% (w/w) of buffer, and
h. 20 to 40% (w/w) of filler.
In an embodiment of the present invention the wetting agent is selected from the
group comprising non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants,
Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) condensate blend, Linear Alcohol Derivative,
and Polyethyleneglycol Nonylphenyl ether ammonium sulfate, Dialkyl naphthalene
sulphonate sodium salt, alcohol alkoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alcohol alkoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylates and alkyl
naphthalene sulfonate condensate or sodium Iaury 1 sulfonate present in an amount
of 4 to 5% (w/w).
In an embodiment of the present invention the dispersing agent is selected from the
group comprising phenol sulfonic acid-formaldehyde polycondensation as sodium
salt, Sodium polyalkylnaphthalene sulphonate, Acrylate polymer, sodium
polycarboxylate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, Sodium Ligna sulphonate, and
Sodium lauryl sulphate present in an amount of 4 to 8% (w/w).
In an embodiment of the present invention the rheology modifiers is selected from
the group comprising of guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan,
alginates, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
hydroxyethylcellulose, modified starches; other polysaccharides and modified
polysaccharides, polyethylene alcohol, glycerol alkyl resins and cellulose
derivatives, natural oils, mineral oils such as kyros oil, vegetable oil derivatives, the
organoclays, silicon dioxide and fumed silicas present in an amount of 1 to 6%
(w/w).
In an embodiment of the present invention the buffer is selected from the group
comprising of oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, borate, potassium dihydrogen
phosphate present in an amount of 0.1 to 1% (w/w).
In an embodiment of the present invention the filler is selected from the group
comprising of aluminium silicate, silica sand, silicon carbide, aluminium trioxide,
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barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, carbon black, copper, kaolin
clay present in an amount of 20 to 40% (w/w).
In an embodiment of the present invention the composition IS formulated as
Wettable powder.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following detailed description is presented to enable any person skilled in the
art to make and use the invention. For purposes of explanation, specific
nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present
application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific
details are not required to practice the invention. Descriptions of specific
applications are provided only as representative examples. The present application
is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the
widest possible scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
It is to be noted that, as used in the specification, the singular forms "a", "an" and
"the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for
example, reference to a composition containing "a compound" includes a mixture
of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term "or" is generally
employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates
otherwise.
Similarly, the words "comprise," "comprises," and "comprising" are to be
interpreted inclusively rather than exclusively. Likewise, the terms "include,"
"including" and "or" should all be construed to be inclusive, unless such a
construction is clearly prohibited from the context. However, the embodiments
provided by the present disclosure may lack any element that is not specifically
disclosed herein. Thus, a disclosure of an embodiment defined using the term
"comprising" is also a disclosure of embodiments "consisting essentially of' and
"consisting of' the disclosed components. Where used herein, the term "example,"
particularly when followed by a listing of terms, is merely exemplary and
illustrative, and should not be deemed to be exclusive or comprehensive. Any
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embodiment disclosed herein can be combined with any other embodiment
disclosed herein unless explicitly indicated otherwise.
The expression of various quantities in terms of "% w/w" or "%" means the
percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition
unless otherwise specified.
The term "active ingredient" (a.i.) or "active agent" used herein refers to that
component of the composition responsible for control of weeds or undesired plants
and vegetation.
As used herein, the term "effective amount" means the amount of the active
substances in the compositions to achieve an observable effect on growth, including
the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, or
otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. An
effective amount of the compositions will also vary according to the prevailing
conditions such as desired herbicidal effect and duration, weather, target species,
locus, mode of application, and the like.
This invention relates to a novel herbicidal composition and the use of this
composition to prevent the growth of weeds in a field of cereals like rice. More
specifically, this invention involves a synergistic composition made of a
combination of a herbicidally effective amount of a propanil based herbicide,
cyhalofop butyl and 2,4-D based herbicide.
Propanil (3',4'-Dichloropropionanilide) is an acetanilide post-emergence herbicide
with no residual effect. It is used against numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds
in rice, potatoes, and wheat. Propanil is a photosystem II inhibitor that controls
broadleaf, grass, and sedge weeds. It is available as emulsifiable concentrates,
liquid and dry flowable, low volume, and ultralow volume (ULV) formulations.
The structure of propanil is represented by the formula
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I o Cln
Cl # N~
H
PCT /IN2022/050698
Cyhalofop-buty 1 (Buty l(R)-2-[ 4-( 4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy )phenoxy ]propionate)
belongs to the herbicide class of ACCase inhibitors effective against grasses. This
compound is described in The Pesticide Manual, Fifteenth Edition, 2009.
Exemplary uses of cyhalofop-butyl include its use as an herbicide for, e.g., postemergence
control of annual and perennial grass weeds in seeded and transplanted
rice. The structure of Cyhalofop-butyl is
0
2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is an auxm herbicide. Generally, the
primary action of auxin herbicides appears to involve cell wall plasticity and nucleic
acid metabolism. 2,4-D is thought to acidify the cell wall by stimulating the activity
of a membrane-bound A TPase-driven proton pump. The reduction in apoplasmic
pH induces cell elongation by increasing the activity of certain enzymes responsible
for cell wall loosening. Low concentrations of 2,4-D are reported to stimulate RNA
polymerase, resulting in subsequent increases in RNA, DNA, and protein
biosynthesis. Abnormal increases in these processes presumably lead to
uncontrolled cell division and growth, which results in vascular tissue destruction.
In contrast, high concentrations of 2,4-D and other auxin-type herbicides inhibit
cell division and growth, usually in meristematic regions that accumulate
photosynthate assimilates and herbicide from the phloem. 2,4-D is a widely used
herbicide that controls broadleaf weeds. It is used in many places including turf,
lawns, rights-of-way, aquatic sites, forestry sites, and a variety of field, fruit and
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vegetable crops. It may also be used to regulate the growth of citrus plants. The
structure of 2,4-D is
2,4-D or 2 methyl 4-chloro derivative includes but is not limited to: 2 methyl 4-
chloro sodium salt, potassium salt, dimethyl ammonium salt, triethanolammonium
salt, isopropylamine salt, etc., and 2 methyl 4-chloromethyl ester, ethyl ester,
isooctyl ester, ethyl sulfur esters and the like. For the purpose of the present
invention 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid derivatives esters such as 2,4-DEE (2,4-
Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid ethyl ester); 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester (EHE) and the
salt forms such as 2,4-D sodium (sodium 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetate); 2,4-D
dimethyl-amine salt (DMA salt) are found suitable.
Compositions compnsmg a single herbicidally active component suffer from
numerous drawbacks such as development of resistant weed species, requirement
of high amount and concentration of the active ingredient, environmental damage,
seepage of the active component into ground water, phytotoxicity and harmful
effects on the health of animals and humans.
Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention have formulated a novel
herbicidal composition, comprising: (a) Propanil (b) Cyhalofop-butyl (c) 2,4-D and
its derivatives along with suitable (d) excipients.
In one embodiment the present invention provides a novel herbicidal composition
compnsmg:
a. 2-5% (w/w) of Propanil,
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b. 5-8% (w/w) of Cyhalofop butyl,
c. 50-55% (w/w) of 2,4 D sodium,
d. 4-5% (w/w) of wetting agent,
e. 4-8% (w/w) of dispersing agent,
f. 1-6% (w/w) of Rheology modifier,
g. 0.1-1% (w/w) of buffer, and
h. 20-40% (w/w) of filler.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal
composition comprising (a) Propanil present in an amount of 2.0% w/w (b)
Cyhalofop-butyl present in an amount from 6.0% w/w (c) 2,4-D Na present in an
amount from 50.0% w/w along with (d) suitable excipients.
The novel herbicidal composition of the present invention may be formulated as
Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP),
Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable
granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for
seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Plowable concentrate for seed
treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil
miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible
powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct
application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble
concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble
tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume
(ULV) liquid, Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water
dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT),
a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE),
a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW). Preferably, the composition of the
present invention is formulated as wettable powder.
The novel herbicidal composition comprises excipients like wetting agent,
dispersing agent, rheology modifier, buffer, filler and other adjuvants as required.
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The wetting agent is a compound that facilitates rapid wetting of the powder when
added to the water. The wetting agent employed in the formulation composition is
selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactant and
a mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactant and polymeric surfactant.
Suitable wetting agent useful in accordance with the invention are
Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) condensate blend, Linear Alcohol Derivative,
and Polyethyleneglycol Nonylphenyl ether ammonium sulfate, Dialkyl naphthalene
sulphonate sodium salt, alcohol alkoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylates and sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The wetting agent employed in the wettable powder
formulation may be non-ionic surfactants belonging to the class of alcohol
alkoxylate and fatty alcohol ethoxylates. Wetting agent may also be an anionic
surfactant belonging to alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate or sodium lauryl
sulfonate. The wetting agent used in the present invention is in amount of 4-5%
(w/w).
The dispersing agent IS a compound which ensures that the particles remam
suspended in water. The dispersing agent can be ionic or non-ionic or a mixture of
such surface-active agents or graft co-polymer dispersant.
Suitable dispersing agent useful in accordance with the invention are phenol
sulfonic acid-formaldehyde polycondensation as sodium salt, Sodium
polyalkylnaphthalene sulphonate, Acrylate polymer, sodium polycarboxylate,
sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, Sodium Ligna sulphonate, and Sodium lauryl
sulphate. The dispersing agent used in the present invention is in an amount of 4-
8% (w/w).
The rheology modifier is any material that alters the rheology of a composition to
which it is added. Suitable rheology modifier useful in accordance with the
invention are natural polymers selected from the group guar gum, locust bean gum,
xanthan gum, carrageenan, alginates, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl sodium
carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, modified starches; other
polysaccharides and modified polysaccharides, polyethylene alcohol, glycerol alkyl
resins and cellulose derivatives, natural oils, mineral oils such as kyros oil,
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vegetable oil derivatives such as SURFOM® ESP 8105, the organoclays such as
Bentone, Bentone SD and Benathix Plus and the fumed silicas such as Aerosil
R974, Aerosil 200 and Aerosil 972, Aerosil R816 (silanehexadecyltrimethoxy
hydrolysis product with silica), and equivalent products thereof, preferably used is
aerosilR816 (silanehexadecyltrimethoxy hydrolysis product with silica). The
rheology modifier is present in an amount of 1-6% (w/w).
Suitable buffer useful in accordance with the invention are oxalic acid, citric acid,
acetic acid, borate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The buffer is present in an
amountofO.l-1% (w/w).
Suitable filler useful in accordance with the invention are aluminium silicate, silica
sand, silicon carbide, aluminium trioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate,
calcium sulfate, carbon black, copper, kaolin clay. The filler is present in an amount
of 20-40% (w/w).
The composition of the present invention and method provided may be utilized to
control weeds or battle undesired vegetation in crops or other settings, including
but not limited to cereals, such as wheat, barley,
rye, oats, corn/maize, rice, sorghum, triticale and related crops;
fruit, such as pomes, stone fruit and soft fruit, for example apples, grapes, pears,
plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, and berries, for example strawberries,
raspberries and blackberries; leguminous plants, for examples beans, lentils, peas,
soybeans, peanut; oil plants, for example rape, mustard, and sunflower;
cucurbitaceae, for example marrows, cucumbers, melons; fibre plants, for example
cotton, flax, hemp, jute; citrus fruit, for example oranges, lemons, grapefruit and
mandarins; vegetable, for example spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots,
omons, tomatoes, potatoes, paparika; as well as ornamentals, such as flowers,
shrubs, broad-leaved trees and evergreens, for example conifers, pastures,
grasslands, rangelands, fallowland, turf, tree and vine orchards, and industrial
vegetation management.
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Preferably, the undesirable vegetation includes species from the families of broad
leaved and grass weeds, more preferably from the families of Aeschynomene, Age
ratum, Amaranthus, Bidens, Brachiaria, Cenchrus, Cyperus, Digitaria,
Echinochloa, Eclipta, Eleusine, Eragrostis, Fimbristylis, Galinsoga, Ischaemum,
Leptochloa, Monochoria, Panicum, Paspalum, Polygonum, Portulaca, Richardia,
Sesbania, Setaria, Sida, Sorghum, most preferably Echinochloa, Leptochloa,
Ischaemum, Monochoria, and Cyperus, or combinations thereof.
It has been surprisingly found that the novel herbicidal composition of the present
invention delays the appearance of the resistant strains of weeds and achieves
effective and economical control of undesired weeds. The composition achieves
improved biological activity by enhancing overall control of weeds over a shorter
period of time. Additional benefits of using the herbicidal composition of the
present invention includes reduced risk of occupational hazard, lower cost of
application, better cost: benefit ratio to the end user, reduced fuel and labour cost,
saving in applicator's time and loss caused by mechanical damage to the crop and
soil.
The present compositions can be applied to the undesirable vegetation and/or
weeds or their locus by the use of conventional ground or aerial dusters, sprayers,
and granule applicators, by addition to irrigation or paddy water, and by other
conventional means known to those skilled in the art.
In general, the application rate of active ingredients depends on such factors as the
type of weed, type of crop plant, soil type, season, climate, soil ecology and various
other factors.
The composition of the present invention can also be applied in conjunction with
one or more fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, growth factor enhancers and/or
one or more fertilizers. The composition when used in conjunction may comprise
other actives like one or more fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, growth factor
enhancers and/or one or more fertilizers.
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The composition can be applied in conjunction with one or more other herbicides
to control a wider variety of undesired vegetation. The composition comprising the
other herbicide can be formulated with the herbicides by tank mixing with other
herbicides or applied sequentially with other herbicides.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples which are
provided merely to be exemplary of the inventions and is not intended to limit the
scope of the invention. Certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to
those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the
present invention.
Examples:
Example 1: Preparation of composition of Propanil, Cyhalofop butyl and 2,4-
D Na in wettable powder form
The composition of Propanil, Cyhalofop butyl and 2,4-D Na in wettable powder
form is prepared by following steps as below:
Step 1.0: weighing the raw materials like actives Propanil, Cyhalofop butyl and 2,4-
D Na and adjuvants according to the batch size in a pre-blender and mix it for 1 hr.
For the purpose of illustration, the raw materials are as follows
a. China clay
b. Morwet EFW
c. TamolDN
d. Dispersal BB4
e. Oxalic acid
f. 2,4 DNa
g. Cyhalofop butyl
h. Propanil
i. ppt silica
Step 2.0: Milling the sample through air jet mill instrument at inlet pressure 2-3
kg/cm2, grinding pressure 6 kg/cm2, and checking for the particle size < 15 micron.
Step 3.0: Collecting the milled material, and post blend the sample for 1hr.
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Step 4.0: Send the sample to the Quality analysis.
Step 5.0: Pack the formulated material in a suitable packet.
Example 2: Compositions of the present invention
The illustrative embodiments show the composition of Propanil, Cyhalofop Butyl
and 2,4 D-Na in wettable powder form in different amount as follows:
Table 1: Propanil2.0% + Cyhalofop Butyl6.0% + 2,4 D-Na 50.0% WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name Charge in
(w/w)%
Propanil @ 98 % Herbicide N-(3 ,4-dichloropheny 1) 2.04
(b) 2.0% propanamide
Cyhalofop butyl @99 Herbicide butyl (R)-2-[ 4-( 4-cyano-2- 6.06
(b) 6.0% fluorophenoxy )phenoxy ]propanoate
2,4 DNa@ 95% Herbicide 2,4,D sodium salt 52.63
(b) 50%
MorwetEFW Wetting agent Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) 4.0
condensate blend
Tarnal DN Dispersing phenol sulfonic acid-formaldehyde- 2.0
agent
Dispersal BB4 Dispersing Sodium polyalkylnaphthalene 2.0
agent sulphonate
Ppt Silica Rheology silicon dioxide, 1.5
modifier
Oxalic acid buffer Oxalic acid 0.2
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 29.57
Total 100
Table 2: Propanil2.5% + Cyhalofop Butyl6.5% + 2,4 D-Na 50.5% WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name Charge in
(w/w)%
Propanil @ 98 % Herbicide N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) propanamide 2.55
(b) 2.5%
Cyhalofop butyl @99 Herbicide buty 1 (R)-2-[ 4-( 4-cyano-2- 6.56
(b) 6.5 % fluorophenoxy )phenoxy ]propanoate
2,4 DNa@ 95% Herbicide 2,4, D sodium salt 53.15
(b) 50.5%
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Morwet3028 Wetting agent Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) 5.0
condensate blend
Tarnal FBPP Dispersing agent phenol sulfonic acid-formaldehyde- 3.0
polycondensation as sodium salt
Agrilan 789 Dispersing agent Acrylate copolymer 1.0
Ppt Silica Rheology silicon dioxide, 2.0
modifier
Oxalic acid buffer Oxalic acid 0.2
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 26.52
Total 100
Table 3: Propanil3% + Cyhalofop Butyl7% + 2,4 D-Na 51% WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name Charge in
(w/w)%
Propanil @ 98 % Herbicide N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) propanamide 3.06
(b) 3.0%
Cyhalofop butyl @99 Herbicide butyl (R)-2-[ 4-( 4-cyano-2- 7.07
(b) 7.0% fluorophenoxy )phenoxy ]propanoate
2,4 DNa@ 95% Herbicide 2,4, D sodium salt 53.68
(b) 51 %
Supragil WP Wetting agent Dialkyl naphthalene sulphonate 4.5
sodium salt
Supragil MNS 90 Dispersing agent Sodium salt of methyl naphthalene 2.5
sulfonate
Dispersal PSR19 Dispersing agent phenol sulfonic acid-formaldehyde- 2.5
polycondensation as sodium salt
Ppt Silica Rheology silicon dioxide, 1.8
modifier
Oxalic acid buffer Oxalic acid 0.22
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 24.66
Total 100
Table 4: Propanil3.5% + Cyhalofop Butyl7.5% + 2,4 D-Na 51.5% WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name Charge in
(w/w)%
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Propanil @ 98 % Herbicide N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) propanamide 3.57
(b) 3.5%
Cyhalofop butyl@99 Herbicide butyl(R)-2-[ 4-( 4-cyano-2- 7.57
(b) 7.5% fluorophenoxy )phenoxy ]propanoate
2,4 DNa@ 95% Herbicide 2,4, D sodium salt 54.21
(b) 51.5%
Geropon L wet Wetting agent Linear Alcohol Derivative 4.5
Geropon T 36 Dispersing Sodium polycarboxylate 2.5
agent
Geropon T 77 Dispersing Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate 3.0
agent
Ppt Silica Rheology silicon dioxide 2.5
modifier
Oxalic acid buffer Oxalic acid 0.2
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 21.94
Total 100
Table 5: Propanil4% + Cyhalofop Butyl8% + 2,4 D-Na 52% WP
Compositions Function Chemical Name Charge in
(w/w)%
Propanil @ 98 % Herbicide N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) propanamide 4.08
(b) 4.0%
Cyhalofop butyl @99 Herbicide buty 1 (R)-2-[ 4-( 4-cyano-2- 8.08
(b) 8.0% fluorophenoxy )phenoxy ]propanoate
2,4DNa@ 95% Herbicide 2,4,D sodium salt 54.73
(b) 52%
Dispersal PS Wetting Polyethyleneglycol Nonylphenyl ether 5.0
agent ammonium sulfate
Sodium ligna Dispersing Sodium Ligna sulphonate 3.0
sulphonate agent
Sodium lauryl Dispersing Sodium lauryl sulphate 1.0
sulphate agent
Ppt Silica Rheology silicon dioxide, 2.5
modifier
Oxalic acid buffer Oxalic acid 0.21
China clay Filler Aluminium silicate 21.39
Total 100
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Example 3: Efficacy study for combination of Propanil2.0%, Cyhalofop
butyl6.0% and 2,4 D sodium salt 50.0% WP
Field And Synergy Studies
Weeds were reported to reduce rice yields by 12 to 98%, depending on type method
of rice establishment. Rice yield losses due to uncontrolled weed growth and weed
competition were least (12%) in transplanted rice and highest in aerobic directseeded
rice. Traditionally, weed control in India has been largely dependent on
manual weeding. However, increased labour scarcity and costs are encouraging
farmers to adopt to use herbicides.
The field studies were conducted to compare the weed controlling activity of the
combination of Propanil + Cyhalofop butyl + 2,4 D sodium salt. The active
ingredient, Propanil belongs to chemical family "Amides" with mode of action PS-
11 inhibitors (inhibition of Photosystem II), Cyhalofop butyl comes under chemical
family "Aryloxyphenoxypropionates" with ACCase (inhibition of Acetyl CoA
Carboxylase) mode of action and 2,4-D sodium salt belongs to chemical family
Phenoxy-carboxylates with "Synthetic auxin" mode of action. The combination has
the potential of controlling the cross-spectrum weeds (broad leaf weeds, grassy
weeds, and sedges) in rice. All three molecules are safe to transplanted & direct
seeded rice when applied in post-emergence (15-20 days after transplanting)
application timing.
The weed control activity of the individual herbicides of the invention and their
combinations were evaluated on weeds such as Cyperus dif.formis, Cyperus iria,
Echinochloa colonum, Echinochloa crusgalli, Leptochloa chinensis, Monochoria
vaginalis, Ludwigia parviflora & Eclipta alba. Trials were conducted with
randomized block design with net plot size of 5m x 6m. Each trial was replicated
four times and conducted under GEP guidelines. Spraying was done with manual
operated backpack knapsack sprayer with 300 L of water spray volume per hectare
at post-emergence (15-20 days after transplanting) application timing. Such field
trials were carried out at various locations to generate independent data, the
locations were chosen randomly across India.
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Visual observations were recorded on percent weed control for individual weeds on
whole plot basis at 15 days after application. These observations are to be taken
from entire plot.
Appropriate analysis of plant response to herbicide combination is critical in
determining the type of activity observed. The most widely used model is one
Gowing* derived and Colby** modified. Gowing described a mathematical
formula for calculating the predicting response values for pesticide mixtures. He
suggested the expected (E) percent inhibition of growth induced by pesticide A plus
pesticide B and plus pesticide Cis as follows, *(Jerry Flint et al, 1988) ***
Where,
(AB + AC + BC) ABC
Expected (E) = A + B + C ~ -.·····"·--------- +
100 10000
A = observed efficacy of active ingredient A at the same concentration as used in
the mixture.
B = observed efficacy of active ingredient B at the same concentration as used in
the mixture.
C = observed efficacy of active ingredient C at the same concentration as used in
the mixture.
When the percentage of pesticidal control observed for the combination is greater
than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of 0/E > 1, means
synergism observed.)
Reference:
*Gowing, D.P. 1960. Comments on tests of herbicide mixtures. Weeds 8:379-391.
**Colby, S. R. 1967. Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of
herbicide combinations. Weeds 15:20-22
***Jerry Flint et al, 1988. Analyzing Herbicide Interactions: A Statistical Treatment
of Colby's Method. Weed Technology 2: 304-309
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The herbicide tank mix combinations, application rates, plant species tested, and
results are given in the following tables:
Table 6: Table 6 demonstrates synergy on weeds using the combination of Propanil
+ Cyhalofop butyl+ 2,4 D sodium salt. The field trials were carried out in India at
various locations. The percentage efficacy was calculated after 15 days of
application. The target weeds were Cyperus iria and Cyperus dif.formis and the
results are recorded in the table 6 below.
Table 6: Synergistic effects of composition of present invention on weeds
Cyperus iria and Cyperus difformis
% Weed Control of % Weed Control of
Dose
Active
(GAH)
Cyperus iria Cyperus difformis
Expected Observed Expected Observed
Propanil 1500 60 55
Cyhalofop butyl 90 20 15
2,4-D sodium
600 65 60
salt
Propanil +
Cyhalofop butyl 1500 + 90 +
88.8 97 84.7 90
+ 2,4 D sodium 600
salt
Ratio ofO/E 1.09 1.06
The results in table 6 clearly demonstrates synergy between Propanil + Cyhalofop
butyl+ 2,4 D sodium salt against weeds like, Cyperus iria and Cyperus dif.formis.
The higher ratio of the observed and the expected efficacy clearly demonstrates the
synergistic effect of the combination.
Table 7: Table 7 demonstrates synergy on weeds using the combination ofPropanil
+ Cyhalofop butyl+ 2,4 D sodium salt. The field trials were carried out in India at
various locations. The percentage efficacy was calculated after 15 days of
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application. The target weeds were Echinochloa colonum, Echinochloa crusgalli
and Leptochloa chinensis. The results are recorded in the table 7 below.
Table 7: Synergistic effects of composition of present invention on weeds
Echinochloa colonum, Echinochloa crusgalli and Leptochloa chinensis
% Weed Control of % Weed Control of % Weed Control of
Dose Echinochloa Echinochloa Active Leptochloa chinensis
(GAH) colonum crusgalli
Expected Observed Expected Observed Expected Observed
Propanil 1500 70 60
Cyhalofop
90 60 55
butyl
2,4-D
sodium 600 0 0
salt
Propanil +
Cyhalofop
1500+
butyl+
90+ 88 90 82 88 84.25
2,4D
600
sodium
salt
Ratio ofO/E 1.02 1.07 1.04
The results in table 7 clearly demonstrates efficacy of Propanil + Cyhalofop butyl
+ 2,4 D sodium salt against weeds like Echinochloa colonum, Echinochloa colonum
and Leptochloa chinensis. The higher ratio of the observed and the expected
efficacy clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination.
Table 8: Table 8 demonstrates synergy on weeds using the combination of Propanil
+ Cyhalofop butyl+ 2,4 D sodium salt. The field trials were carried out in India at
various locations. The percentage efficacy was calculated after 15 days of
application. The target weeds were Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia parviflora and
Eclipta alba. The results are recorded in the table 8 below.
19
65
55
0
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Active
Table 8: Synergistic effects of composition of present invention on weeds
Monochoria vagina/is, Ludwigia parviflora and Eclipta alba.
% Weed Control of % Weed Control of % Weed Control of
Dose Monochoria Eclipta alba Ludwigia parviflora
(GAH) vagina/is
Expected Observed Expected Observed Expected Observed
Propanil 1500 40 45 50
Cyhalofop
90 10 15 10
butyl
2,4-D
sodium 600 70 75 75
salt
Propanil +
Cyhalofop
1500+
butyl+
90+ 83.8 90 88.3 92 88.7 92
2,4 D
600
sodium
salt
Ratio ofO/E 1.07 1.04 1.03
The results in table 8 clearly demonstrates efficacy of Propanil + Cyhalofop butyl
+ 2,4 D sodium salt against weeds like, Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia parviflora
and Eclipta alba. The higher ratio of the observed and the expected efficacy clearly
demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination.
The composition of the present invention shows synergistic effect and hence
resulting in lower disease infestation, lower rates of application, a longer duration
of action and altogether higher crop yields. Other advantages include reduce
application frequency, slow the evolution of herbicide resistance, broaden the weed
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control spectrum and efficacy, and contribute to the environmental sustainability of
herbicides.
Although the present invention has been described and illustrated with respect to
preferred embodiments and a preferred user thereof, it is not to be so limited since
modifications and changes can be made therein which are within the full scope of
the invention.

We Claim:
1. An herbicidal composition comprising as its active ingredient Propanil,
Cyhalofop butyl, and 2,4 D or its derivatives and adjuvants.
2. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein 2,4 D or its
derivative is Sodium salt of 2,4-D.
3. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein adjuvants are
selected from the group comprising wetting agent, dispersing agent,
rheology modifiers, buffer, and filler.
4. The herbicidal composition as claimed m claims 1 to 3, wherein the
composition comprising:
a. 2 to 5% ( w /w) of Propanil,
b. 5 to 8% (w/w) of Cyhalofop butyl,
c. 50 to 55% (w/w) of 2,4 D sodium,
d. 4 to 5% (w/w) of wetting agent,
e. 4 to 8% (w/w) of dispersing agent,
f. 1 to 6% (w/w) of Rheology modifier,
g. 0.1 to 1% (w/w) of buffer, and
h. 20 to 40% ( w /w) of filler.
5. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the wetting agent
is selected from the group comprising non-ionic surfactants, anwmc
surfactants, cationic surfactants, Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate (ANS)
condensate blend, Linear Alcohol Derivative, and Polyethyleneglycol
Nonylphenyl ether ammonium sulfate, Dialkyl naphthalene sulphonate
sodium salt, alcohol alkoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, sodium dodecyl
benzene sulfonate, alcohol alkoxylate, fatty alcohol ethoxylates and alkyl
naphthalene sulfonate condensate or sodium lauryl sulfonate present in an
amount of 4 to 5% (w/w).
6. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the dispersing
agent is selected from the group comprising phenol sulfonic acidformaldehyde
poly condensation
polyalkylnaphthalene sulphonate,
as sodium
Acrylate
salt,
polymer,
Sodium
sodium
polycarboxylate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, Sodium Ligna sulphonate,
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and Sodium lauryl sulphate or combination thereof present in an amount of
4 to 8% (w/w).
7. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the rheology
modifiers is selected from the group comprising of guar gum, locust bean
gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan, alginates, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl
sodium carboxymethy lcellulose, hydroxyethy lcellulose, modified starches;
other polysaccharides and modified polysaccharides, polyethylene alcohol,
glycerol alkyl resins and cellulose derivatives, natural oils, mineral oils such
as kyros oil, vegetable oil derivatives, the organoclays, silicon dioxide and
fumed silicas present in an amount of 1 to 6% (w/w).
8. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the buffer is
selected from the group comprising of oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid,
borate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate present in an amount of 0.1 to 1%
(w/w) of buffer.
9. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the filler is
selected from the group comprising of aluminium silicate, silica sand,
silicon carbide, aluminium trioxide, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate,
calcium sulfate, carbon black, copper, kaolin clay present in an amount of
20 to 40% (w/w).
10. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition IS
formulated as Wettable powder.