DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an insecticidal composition comprising of emamectin benzoate and permethrin. More particularly, the present invention relates to an emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising of emamectin benzoate and permethrin with one or more agrochemical auxiliaries, and a process thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Enhancement of agricultural produce requires the protection of the crops and its produce from pest damage. Various chemicals and their formulations have been developed and are in use currently for the effective management of insects and pests. Due to non-judicious use of the hitherto known pesticides, the pests gain resistance, and it becomes hard to kill the pests. Physically compatible pesticide mixtures exhibit a better pest management. These mixtures show multifaceted advantages than when applied individually, providing a synergistic effect.

Insecticidal compositions have been developed to control insect pests and in practice have been used as a single or a mixed agent. However, processes for the economically efficient and ecologically safe insect control compositions are still being sought. A process for the preparation of insecticidal compositions which allows for reduced effective dosage rates, increased environmental safety and lower incidence of insect resistance are highly desirable. Although the rotational application of insect control agents having different modes of action may be adopted for good pest management practice, this approach does not necessarily give satisfactory insect control. Further, even though combinations of insect control agents have been studied, a high synergistic action has not always been found. Obtaining an insecticidal composition which demonstrates no cross-resistance to existing insecticidal agents, no toxicity problems and little negative impact on the environment is extremely difficult.

Emulsifiable concentrates are one of the most common formulation types for agrochemical products. Formulators prefer to prepare emulsifiable concentrates for active ingredients that have low water solubility. An emulsifiable concentrate can be prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in an organic solvent along with sufficient surfactants.

Advantages of emulsifiable concentrates include better penetration and slow evaporation from the plant surface. Such formulations are easy to handle and are easy to measure and transport. However, many challenges exist to make a stable formulation as settling and separation of ingredients from emulsifiable concentrates may happen frequently. There are many causes for emulsifiable concentrate instabilities such as chemical instabilities, physical instabilities due to phase separations, climatic factors such as temperature and humidity. Crystallization, sedimentations, creaming are some of the factors to be well thought-out while developing emulsifiable concentrate. Such factors can aggravate if the formulation contain multiple active ingredients having different physical and chemical properties. To achieve the optimal spectrum, efficacy, and delivery efficiency, there is a need to provide stable formulations. Therefore, novel products, and processes that can effectively eliminate the shortcomings of the existing products are essential. These and other challenges have now surprisingly been met by an invention as described below.

Emamectin is derived from avermectin B1, also known as abamectin, a mixture of the natural avermectin B1a and B1b. Emamectin is the 4”-deoxy-4”-methylamino derivative of abamectin, a 16-membered macrocyclic lactone produced by the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis, belongs to the avermectin family of compounds, which exhibit toxicity for nematodes, arthropods, and several other pests. The benzoate salt of Emamectin in particular has found widespread use as an insecticide and is approved by the EPA for use in prevention of emerald ash borer in ash trees. Emamectin benzoate was first registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) in May 1999.

Emamectin benzoate is chemically known as 4”-Deoxy-4’’-epi-N-methylamino avermectin B1 benzoate and has the following structure:

Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide. In agriculture, permethrin is mainly used on cotton, wheat, maize, and alfalfa crops. Its use is controversial because, as a broad-spectrum chemical, it kills indiscriminately; as well as the intended pests, it can harm beneficial insects, including honeybees, as well as cats and aquatic life.

Permethrin is chemically known as cyclopropane carboxylic acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl ester and has the following structure:

WO00/002453A1, broadly discloses various combination of emamectin in free form or in salt form with one or more other compounds like permethrin. This publication does not disclose emulsifiable concentration.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art to provide synergistic insecticidal compositions which are environmentally safer and stable during storage.

It was surprisingly and unexpectedly found by the present inventors that a selective insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition of emamectin benzoate and permethrin possesses enhanced efficacy, improved penetration, and long duration control of phytopathogens as compared to its other traditional formulations with long storage stability across a wide temperature range and having no adverse impact on photosynthetic activity in plant and seed quality.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition comprising of emamectin benzoate and permethrin with one or more agrochemical auxiliaries.

It is another objective of the present invention to provide an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition comprising of emamectin benzoate and permethrin, an emulsifier, a stabilizer, a co-solvent, and a solvent.

It is yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of an emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising of emamectin benzoate and permethrin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition comprising as its active ingredients emamectin benzoate present in a range from 1% to 20% (w/w), permethrin present in a range from 5% to 30% (w/w), and one or more agrochemical auxiliaries present in a range from 1% to 80% (w/w), wherein the agrochemical auxiliaries are selected from the group comprising of an emulsifier, a co-solvent, a stabilizer, and a solvent.

In an aspect of the present invention, an emulsifier is selected from the group comprising of non-ionic emulsifier, anionic emulsifier, and a mixture thereof. The anionic emulsifier is selected from linear or branched alkylbenzene sulfonates, alcohol ether sulfates, and a mixture of linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, calcium salt, and isobutyl alcohol. The non-ionic emulsifier is selected from ethoxylated and alkoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated tristyryl phenol, ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated alcohol, alkyl and nonyl-phenol ethoxylates, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, castor oil ethoxylate and EO/PO copolymers present in an amount of 1 to 10% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the co-solvent is selected from the group comprising of N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), N, N-dimethyl octan/decanamide blend, N, N dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dichloromethane, acetonitrile present in an amount of 5% to 10% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the stabilizer is epoxidized soya bean oil (ESO) present in an amount of 1% to 2% (w/w).

In an aspect of the present invention, the solvent is selected from the group comprising of an aromatic hydrocarbon (C9-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons, solvent naphtha (petroleum) light aromatic, solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy aromatic), xylene, and toluene, present in an amount of 30% to 80% (w/w).

The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of an insecticidal emulsifiable (EC) concentrate composition comprising of emamectin benzoate, and permethrin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following detailed description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. For purposes of explanation, specific nomenclature is set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required to practice the invention. Descriptions of specific applications are provided only as representative examples. The present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the widest possible scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
It is to be noted that, as used in the specification, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
Similarly, the words "comprise", "comprises", and "comprising" are to be interpreted inclusively rather than exclusively. Likewise, the terms "include", "including" and "or" should all be construed to be inclusive, unless such a construction is clearly prohibited from the context. However, the embodiments provided by the present disclosure may lack any element that is not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, a disclosure of an embodiment defined using the term "comprising" is also a disclosure of embodiments "consisting essentially of” and "consisting of” the disclosed components. Where used herein, the term "example", particularly when followed by a listing of terms, is merely exemplary and illustrative, and should not be deemed to be exclusive or comprehensive. Any embodiment disclosed herein can be combined with any other embodiment disclosed herein unless explicitly indicated otherwise.
The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w/w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified.

In an embodiment of the present invention, an insecticidal composition comprises of emamectin benzoate, and permethrin.

In an embodiment of the present invention, an insecticidal composition comprises of emamectin benzoate, permethrin, and one or more agrochemical auxiliaries.

In an embodiment of the invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing an insecticidal composition of emamectin benzoate, and permethrin.

The compositions of the present invention are formulated into various formulations such as water soluble liquid (SL), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), an emulsion (EW), a microemulsion (ME), a suspension concentrates (SC), an oil-based dispersions (OD), a flowable suspension (FS), water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), water-soluble granule (SG), water dispersible granules (WDG), water dispersible powder (WP), a granule (GR), encapsulated granule (CG), a fine granule (FG), a macrogranule (GG), suspoemulsion (SE), capsule suspension (CS) and a microgranule (MG). Preferably, the synergistic insecticidal composition can be formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

In an embodiment of the present invention, an insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate composition comprises emamectin benzoate in a range from 1% to 20% (w/w), permethrin in a range from 5% to 30% (w/w), and one or more agrochemical auxiliaries present in a range from 1% to 80% (w/w).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the agrochemical auxiliaries are selected from the group comprising of an emulsifier or its combination, a co-solvent, a stabilizer, and a solvent.

Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains an emulsifier suitable for use in the present invention selected from the group comprising of non-ionic emulsifiers, anionic emulsifiers, and a mixture thereof.

Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains an anionic emulsifier suitable for use in the present invention are linear or branched alkylbenzene sulfonates, alcohol ether sulfates, and a mixture of linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, calcium salt and isobutyl alcohol. Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains non-ionic emulsifier suitable for use in the present invention are ethoxylated and alkoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated tristyryl phenol, ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated alcohol, alkyl and nonyl-phenol ethoxylates, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, castor oil ethoxylate and EO/PO copolymers. Preferably, a mixture of anionic and non-ionic emulsifiers is present in a rage from 1 to 10% (w/w).

Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains a co-solvent suitable for use in the present invention are N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), N, N-dimethyl octan/decanamide blend, N, N dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dichloromethane, acetonitrile. Preferably a co-solvent is present in a range from 5% to 10% (w/w).

Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains a stabilizer suitable for use in the present invention is epoxidized soya bean oil (ESO), present in a range from 1% to 2% (w/w).

Accordingly, the composition of the present invention contains a solvent suitable for use in the present invention are aromatic hydrocarbon (C9-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons, solvent naphtha (petroleum) light aromatic, solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy aromatic), xylene, and toluene. Preferably, a solvent is present in a range from 30% to 80% (w/w).

In an embodiment of the invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing an insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition comprising of emamectin benzoate and permethrin.

An insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) compositions of the present invention can be diluted with water or water solutions of agronomic compounds before use to produce a sprayable solution, which is used in treating plants or increasing plant growth. Dilution in water usually results in suspensions, emulsions, suspoemulsion or solutions of the agrochemical active ingredient at a concentration of at least 0.001 g/l.

The present invention provides a broad spectrum and selective insecticidal formulation which is capable of controlling animal pests, such as insects and nematodes, while it also overcomes some or all of the problems associated with the prior art. The present invention also covers a highly effective combination of the insecticidal formulation, i.e., an emulsifiable concentrate containing the insecticidal combination of the present invention.

The formulation in accordance with the present invention is a unique formulation of two different insecticidal components to provide a highly effective and ef?cient solution for controlling animal pests, such as insects and nematodes.

Each component of the present formulation is found to significantly enhance and abet the activity of other component and therefore, a single formulation is highly effective in overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art. This way, the combination was observed to exhibit a synergistic effect resulting in a quick control of animal pests, such as insects and nematodes in a much ef?cient way. The enhanced control ensures reduction in crop damage, thereby resulting into a signi?cant increase in the overall yield of the crop.

A particular mode of administering the composition of the present invention is the administration to the aboveground parts of plants, to the leaves thereof (leaf-application). The number of applications and the administered doses are chosen in accordance with the biological and climatic conditions of life of the causative agent. This composition though, can also be applied to the soil and get into the plants through the root system (systemic activity) in case the locus of the plants is applied with the components are added to the soil in a solid formulation or sprayed with a liquid composition e.g., in the form of emulsifiable concentrate (EC).

When using the active compound combinations according to the invention, the application rate can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application. For the treatment of parts of plants, the active-compound combination application rates are generally between 0.1 and 10000 g/ha, preferably between 100 and 2500 g/ha. For seed dressing, the active compound combination application rates are generally between 0.001 and 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 20 g per kilogram of seed. For the treatment of the soil, the active-compound combination application rates are generally between 0.1 and 10000 g/ha preferably between 1 and 5000 g/ha.

The composition of the present invention could be applied to plants, seeds, fruits, soil as preventive and curative state.

The following examples describes the nature of the invention which are given only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention in more detail and are not limitative and relate to solutions, which have been particularly effective on bench scale.

EXAMPLES:
Example-1: Preparation of emamectin benzoate and permethrin in an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) form.
The composition of emamectin benzoate and permethrin in an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) form is prepared by following steps as below:
a) In a clean vessel mixing 2.2 parts of emamectin benzoate active ingredient, 15.3 parts of permethrin active ingredient, 7.5 parts of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol non-ionic emulsifier, 2.5 parts of a mixture of linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, calcium salt and isobutyl alcohol anionic emulsifier, 7.5 parts of N, N dimethyl acetamide co-solvent, 1.0 parts of Epoxidized soya bean oil (ESO) stabilizer, and 64. 0 parts of solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy aromatic solvent under stirring at 500 rpm,
b) continuing the stirring for 1 hour to obtain homogenous solution,
c) submitting the sample for quality control for complete analysis, and
d) packing the material in suitable bottle.

The process illustrated above may be used for preparation of other composition of emamectin benzoate and permethrin in an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation.

Example-2:
The illustrative embodiments show the composition of emamectin benzoate and permethrin in an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) form in different amount as follows:

Table-1: Composition of emamectin benzoate 2.2% + permethrin 15.3% EC

S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity (%w/w)
1. Emamectin Benzoate @96.44% Active ingredient 2.2
2. Permethrin @ 93.6% Active ingredient 15.3
3. Ethoxylated tristyrylphenol Non-ionic emulsifier 7.5
4. Mixture of linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, calcium salt and isobutyl alcohol Anionic emulsifier 2.5
5. N, N dimethyl acetamide Co-solvent 7.5
6. Epoxidized soya bean oil Stabilizer 1.0
7. Solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy aromatic Solvent 64.0
Total 100

Table-2: Composition of emamectin benzoate 1.0% + permethrin 5.0% EC
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity (%w/w)
1. Emamectin Benzoate @96.44% Active ingredient 1.0
2. Permethrin @ 93.6% Active ingredient 5.0
3. Calcium alkyl benzene sulphonate Emulsifier 10.0
4. N, N-Dimethylformamide Co-solvent 7.5
5. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) Stabilizer 1.0
6. Xylene Solvent 75.5
Total 100

Table-3: Composition of emamectin benzoate 3.0% + permethrin 10.0% EC
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity (%w/w)
1. Emamectin Benzoate @96.44% Active ingredient 3.0
2. Permethrin @ 93.6% Active ingredient 10.0
3. Calcium alkyl aryl sulfonate Emulsifier 10.0
4. Cyclohexanone Co-solvent 7.5
5. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) Stabilizer 1.0
6. C9-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons solvent naphtha (petroleum) light arom Solvent 68.5
Total 100

Table-4: Composition of emamectin benzoate 10.0% + permethrin 20.0% EC
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity (%w/w)
1. Emamectin Benzoate @96.44% Active ingredient 10.0
2. Permethrin @ 93.6% Active ingredient 20.0
3. Castor oil ethoxylate Non-ionic emulsifier 7.5
4. Mixture of linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, calcium salt and isobutyl alcohol. Anionic emulsifier 2.5
5. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Co-solvent 7.5
6. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) Stabilizer 1.0
7. Solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy aromatic Solvent 51.5
Total 100

Table-5: Composition of emamectin benzoate 20.0% + permethrin 30.0% EC
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity (%w/w)
1. Emamectin Benzoate @96.44% Active ingredient 20.0
2. Permethrin @ 93.6% Active ingredient 30.0
3. Ethoxylated tristyrylphenol Non-ionic Emulsifier 7.5
4. Mixture of linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, calcium salt and isobutyl alcohol. Anionic Emulsifier 2.5
5. Iso propyl alcohol Co-solvent 7.5
6. Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) Stabilizer 1.0
7. Solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy aromatic Solvent 31.5
Total 100

Example 3: Efficacy study for combination of emamectin benzoate and permethrin in an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation

Field Bio-efficacy trials: Pests of Maize, Pests of Reg gram

SYNERGY STUDIES:

After calculating % disease control, the synergism was calculated by below formula:

The percent insect control was worked out by using below mentioned formula:
Number of Insects in treated plot
% Insect Control = ------------------------------------------- x 100
Number of Insects in untreated plot

After calculating % disease control, the synergism was calculated by below formula:

The synergistic pesticidal action of the inventive mixtures calculated by Colby’s formula as follows:
Appropriate analysis of plant response to insecticide combination is critical in determining the type of activity observed. The most widely used model is one Gowing* derived and Colby** modified. Gowing described a mathematical formula for calculating the predicting response values for pesticide mixtures. He suggested the expected (E) percent inhibition of growth induced by pesticide A plus pesticide B is as follows, *(Jerry Flint et al, 1988)***
If A1 = the percent inhibition of growth by pesticide A1 (emamectin benzoate) at given rate
B1 = the percent inhibition of growth by pesticide B1 (permethrin) at given rate then,

B1 (100 – A1)
E = A1 +
100
When the percentage of pesticidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect. (Ratio of O/E > 1, means synergism observed).

Reference:
*Gowing, D. P. 1960. Comments on tests of herbicide mixtures. Weeds 8:379–391.
**Colby, S. R. 1967. Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations. Weeds 15:20–22
*** Jerry Flint et al, 1988. Analyzing Herbicide Interactions: A Statistical Treatment of Colby's Method. Weed Technology 2: 304-309

Trial 1: Bio-efficacy against Pests of Maize

Maize, Zea mays is the third most important cereal crop in India after rice and wheat. It is predominantly a Kharif crop with 85 percent of the area under cultivation during the season. Nearly 10 species of insect pests occur on Maize which includes fall army worm, stem fly, stem and pink borer, corn worm, ear head bug, ash weevil, leaf hopper, aphids, shoot bug and other minor pests. Fall army worm is a new emerging pest in India that causes severe damage to Maize crop. For that the field efficacy trials were conducted on fall army worm in maize. The fall army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) causes severe damage and serious threat to Maize crop at early stage to later stages and affects the crop stand and yield.

The field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative mixtures i.e., Emamectin benzoate and Permethrin against fall army worm in Maize. The Maize crop was raised with all standard agronomic practices. The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) and replicated thrice with an individual plot size of 5 m X 6 m. Spraying was done with manual operated knapsack sprayer with 500 liter of water spray volume per hectare at 10-20 days after sowing. The observations were recorded by counting the number of larvae per plant and five plants per plot. The observations were recorded before spraying, 5 & 10 DAA (Days After Application).

Table 6: Efficacy of fall army worm pest control in Maize at 5 and 10 days after application

Treatment Number
Compositions
GAI/ha Fall Army Worm
% Insect Control at
5 DAA % Insect Control at
10 DAA
T1 Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC 131.25 94.5 93
T2 Emamectin benzoate 1.9% SG 16.55 83.4 75.5
T3 Permethrin 25% EC 114.7 78.6 66.8

EC-Emulsifiable Concentrate, SG-Soluble Granules, DAA- Days after application, and GAI/ha is gram active per hectare.

The trial results in table 6 show excellent efficacy of Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC combination against fall army worm in Maize. The solo application as well as the combination of two active ingredients are tested here against Fall army worm. Solo was not able to provide satisfactory control of Fall army worm. The combination of Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3% EC has shown excellent efficacy as well as residual control.

Table 7: Evaluation of synergy of Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC against fall army worm at 10 DAA on Maize
Treatment Number Compositions
GAI/ha Fall Army Worm
Expected Observed
T1 Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC 131.25 91.86 93
T2 Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 16.55 NA 75.5
T3 Permethrin 25% EC 114.7 NA 66.8
O/E Ratio of T1 1.01

EC-Emulsifiable Concentrate, SG-Soluble Granules, DAA- Days after application, NA-Not available, and GAI/ha is gram active per hectare.

The trial results in table 7 show synergistic effect of Emamectin benzoate 2.2% + Permethrin 15.3% EC combination against fall army worm on Maize crop.

Trial 2: Bio-efficacy against Pests of Red gram

Red gram is an important pulse crop in India. This crop is widely grown in India. India is the largest producer and consumer of Red gram in the world. Nearly 12 species of insect pests occur on Red gram which includes gram pod borer, spotted pod borer, spiny pod borer, pod fly, stem fly, aphids, whitefly, leaf webber, stink & pod bug and other minor pests. For that the field efficacy trials were conducted on Gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)) and spotted pod borer (Maruca testulalis (Geyer)) causes severe damage and serious threat to Red gram crop at flowering/pod development to pod harvesting stage and affects the crop stand and yield.

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative mixtures i.e., Emamectin benzoate and Permethrin against gram pod borer & spotted pod borer in Red gram. The Red gram crop was raised with all standard agronomic practices. The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) and replicated thrice with an individual plot size of 5 m X 6 m. Spraying was done with manual operated knapsack sprayer with 500 liter of water spray volume per hectare at flowering to pod formation/development stage. The observations were recorded by counting the number of larvae per plant and five plants per plot. The observations were recorded before spraying, 5 and 10 DAA (Days After Application). The percent insect control and synergistic effect is calculated in accordance with formula illustrated above.

Table 8: Efficacy of gram pod borer and spotted pod borer pest control in Red gram at 5 and 10 days after application:
Treatment Number
Compositions
GAI/ha Gram pod borer Spotted pod borer
% Insect Control at
5 DAA % Insect Control at
10 DAA % Insect Control at
5 DAA % Insect Control at
10 DAA
T1 Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC 131.25 92.3 91.8 89.8 90
T2 Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 16.55 82.5 72.5 82.2 70
T3 Permethrin 25% EC 114.7 73.5 55.8 66.1 55
EC-Emulsifiable Concentrate, SG-Soluble Granules, DAA-Days after application, and GAI/ha is gram active per hectare.

The trial results in table 8 show excellent efficacy of Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC combination against gram pod borer and spotted pod borer in Red gram. The solo application as well as the combination of two active ingredients is tested here against gram pod borer and spotted pod borer. Solo was not able to provide satisfactory control of gram pod borer and spotted pod borer. The combination of Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC has shown excellent efficacy as well as residual control.

Table 9: Evaluation of synergy of Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC against gram pod borer & spotted pod borer at 10 DAA on Red gram
Treatment Number
Compositions
GAI/ha Gram pod borer Spotted pod borer
Expected Observed Expected Observed
T1 Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC
131.25 87.8 91.8 86.5 90
T2 Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 16.55 NA 72.5 NA 70
T3 Permethrin 25% EC 114.7 NA 55.8 NA 55
O/E Ratio of T1 1.04 1.04
EC-Emulsifiable Concentrate, SG-Soluble Granules, DAA- Days after application, NA-Not available, and GAI/ha is gram active per hectare.

The trial results in table 9 clearly show synergistic effect of Emamectin benzoate 2.2 % + Permethrin 15.3 % EC combination against gram pod borer and spotted pod borer on Red gram crop.

From the foregoing it will be observed that numerous modifications and variations can be effectuated without departing from the scope of the novel concepts of the present invention. It is to be understood that no limitations with respect to the specific embodiments illustrated is intended or should be inferred. It should be understood that all such modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but are properly within the scope of the following claims. ,CLAIMS:We claim:
1. An insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition comprising as its active ingredients of emamectin benzoate present in a range from 1% to 20% (w/w), permethrin present in a range from 5% to 30% (w/w), and agrochemical auxiliaries present in a range from 1% to 80% (w/w).
2. The insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agrochemical auxiliaries are selected from the group comprising of an emulsifier, a co-solvent, a stabilizer, and a solvent.
3. The insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the emulsifier is selected from the group comprising of anionic, non-ionic and a mixture thereof.
4. The insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the anionic emulsifier is selected from the group comprising of mixture of linear dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid, calcium salt and isobutyl alcohol, linear or branched alkylbenzene sulfonates, alcohol ether sulfates and non-ionic emulsifier is selected from the group comprising of ethoxylated and alkoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated tristyryl phenol, ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated alcohol, alkyl and nonyl-phenol ethoxylates, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, castor oil ethoxylate and EO/PO copolymers, and a mixture thereof present in an amount of 1% to 10% (w/w).
5. The insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the co-solvent is selected from the group comprising of N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), N, N-dimethyl octan/decanamide blend, N, N dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dichloromethane, and acetonitrile present in an amount of 5% to 10% (w/w).
6. The insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the stabilizer is epoxidized soya bean oil present in an amount of 1% to 2% (w/w).
7. The insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solvent is selected from the group comprising of an aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (C9-C10 aromatic hydrocarbons solvent naphtha (petroleum) light aromatic, solvent naphtha (petroleum), heavy aromatic), xylene, and toluene present in an amount of 30% to 80% (w/w).
8. A process for preparation of an insecticidal emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition as claimed in claim 1 and 2, where the said process comprising the steps of:
a. mixing all the active ingredients, emulsifiers, a co-solvent, a stabilizer, and a solvent in a vessel under stirring at 500 rpm,
b. continuing the stirring for 1 hour to obtain homogenous solution,
c. submitting the sample for quality control for complete analysis, and
d. packing the material in suitable bottle.