METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING AN UPLINK STRUCTURE AND
IMPROVED CHANNELIZATION SCHEME IN A WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION NETWORK
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communications and more
particularly to a method and system for providing an uplink structure and a channelization
scheme that allocates resource blocks or basic channel units to corresponding zones for
transmission in the wireless communication network.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Wireless communication networks, such as cellular networks, operate by sharing
resources among the mobile terminals operating in the communication network. As part
of the sharing process, one or more controlling devices allocate system resources relating
to channels, codes, among other resources. Certain types of wireless communication
networks, e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexed ("OFDM") networks, are used
to support cell-based high speed services such as those under the IEEE 802.16 standards.
The IEEE 802.16 standards are often referred to as WiMAX or less commonly as
WirelessMAN or the Air Interface Standard.
OFDM technology uses a channelized approach and divides a wireless
communication channel into many sub-channels which can be used by multiple mobile
terminals at the same time. These sub-channels can be subject to interference, which may
cause data loss.
A system and method are needed for providing an uplink structure and a
channelization scheme having improved voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) capabilities
and advanced interference mitigation techniques, among providing other benefits. A
system and method are disclosed below providing an uplink structure and channelization
schemes that utilize resource blocks and frequency zones to provide improved voice over
Internet Protocol (VoIP) capabilities and advanced interference mitigation techniques.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention advantageously provides a method and system for providing an
uplink structure and a channelization scheme that allocates resource blocks or basic
channel units to corresponding zones for transmission in the wireless communication
network.
A method is provided for performing channelization in a wireless communication
network, wherein the wireless communication network including at least one base station
that is communicatively coupled to at least one mobile terminal. A bandwidth of the
wireless communication network is divided into a plurality of zones at the base station.
Resource blocks are provided at the base station to receive data symbols transmitted in the
wireless communication network. A plurality of resource blocks are combined at the base
station to form a physical basic channel unit which are allocated to one of the plurality of
zones at the base station. A permutation is performed on the physical basic channel unit to
form a logical basic channel unit. A channel is provided to communicatively couple the
base station and the mobile terminal so that the mobile terminal may send an access grant
message and a user identification to the base station to transmit data in the logical basic
channel unit.
The invention provides another method of performing channelization in a wireless
communication network, the wireless communication network including at least one base
station that is communicatively coupled to at least one mobile terminal. A bandwidth of
the wireless communication network is divided into a plurality of zones at the base station.
Physical resource blocks are formed at the base station to receive data symbols transmitted
in the wireless communication network. The physical resource blocks are allocated to one
of the plurality of zones at the base station and a permutation is performed on the physical
resource blocks to form logical resource blocks. A plurality of logical resource blocks are
combined at the base station to form a logical basic channel unit. A channel is provided to
communicatively couple the base station and the mobile terminal so that the mobile
terminal may send an access grant message and a user identification to the base station to
transmit data in the logical basic channel unit.
The invention provides a base station for use in a wireless communication system,
the base station being communicatively coupled to at least one mobile terminal. The hase
station includes a control system that divides a bandwidth of the wireless communication
network into a plurality of zones and forms resource blocks to receive data symbols

transmitted in the wireless communication network. The control system combines a
plurality of resource blocks to form a physical basic channel unit and allocates the
physical basic channel unit to one of the plurality of zones at the base station, The control
system performs a permutation on the physical basic channel unit to form a logical basic
channel unit The base station has an antenna that communicatively couples the base
station and the mobile terminal. The antenna receives an access grant message and a user
identification from the mobile terminal and transmits data in the logical basic channel unit,
wherein the wireless communication system is configured to transmit data having different
frame sizes.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of the present invention, and the attendant
advantages and features thereof, will be more readily understood by reference to the
following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary cellular communication system
constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary base station constructed in accordance
with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary mobile terminal constructed in
accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG, 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary relay station constructed in accordance
with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a logical breakdown of an exemplary OFDM
transmitter architecture constructed in accordance with the principles of the present
invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a logical breakdown of an exemplary OFDM receiver
architecture constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates resource blocks having uplink pilot designs for two transmitter
systems in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates one channelization scheme in accordance with the principles of
the present invention;

FIG. 9 illustrates another channelization scheme in accordance with the principles
of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As an initial matter, while certain embodiments are discussed in the context of
wireless networks operating in accordance with the IEEE 802.16m broadband wireless
standard, which is hereby incorporated by reference, the invention is not limited in this
regard and may be applicable to other broadband networks including those operating in
accordance with other OFDM orthogonal frequency division ("OFDM")-based systems,
including the 3rd Generation Partnership Project ("3GPP") and 3GPP2 evolutions.
Similarly, the present invention is not limited solely to OFDM-based systems and can be
implemented in accordance with other system technologies, e.g., CDMA.
Referring now to the drawing figures in which like reference designators refer to
like elements, there is shown in FIG. 1, an exemplary communication system 10 is
provided in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Cornmunication
system 10 includes abase station controller ("BSC") 12 that controls wireless
communications within multiple cells 14, which cells are served by corresponding base
stations ("BS") 16. In some configurations, each cell is further divided into multiple
sectors 18 or zones (not shown). In general, each base station 16 facilitates
communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ("OFDM") with
mobile and/or mobile terminals 20, which are within the cell 14 associated with the
corresponding base station 16. The movement of the mobile terminals 20 in relation to the
base stations 16 results in significant fluctuation in channel conditions. As illustrated, the
base stations 16 and mobile terminals 20 may include multiple antennas to provide spatial
diversity for communications. In some configurations, relay stations 22 may assist in
communications between base stations 16 and mobile terminals 20. Mobile terminals 20
can be handed off from any cell 14, sector 18, zone (not shown), base station 16 or relay
22 to another cell 14, sector 18, zone (not shown), base station 16 or relay 22. In some
configurations, base stations 16 communicate with each other and with another network
(such as a core network or the Internet, both not shown) over a backhaul network 24. In
some configurations, a base station controller 12 is not needed.
With reference to FIG. 2, an example of abase station 16 is illustrated. The base
station 16 generally includes a base control system 26, e.g. a CPU, a baseband processor

28, transmit circuitry 30, receive circuitry 32, multiple antennas 34a, 34b and a network
interface 36. The receive circuitry 32 receives radio frequency signals bearing information
through a receive antenna 34a from one or more remote transmitters provided by mobile
terminals 20 (illustrated in FIG. 3) and relay stations 22 (illustrated in FIG. 4). A low
noise amplifier and a filter (not shown) may cooperate to amplify and remove broadband
interference from the signal for processing. Down-conversion and digitization circuitry
(not shown) may down-convert the filtered, received signal to an intermediate or baseband
frequency signal, which is digitized into one or more digital streams.
The baseband processor 28 processes the digitized received signal to extract the
information or data bits conveyed in the received signal. This processing typically
comprises demodulation, decoding, and error correction operations. As such, the
baseband processor 28 is generally implemented in one or more digital signal processors
("DSPs") and/or application-specific integrated circuits ("ASICs"). The received
information is sent across a wireless network via the network interface 36 or transmitted to
another mobile terminal 20 serviced by the base station 16, either directly or with the
assistance of a relay 22.
On the transmit side, the baseband processor 28 receives digitized data, which may
represent voice, data, or control information, from the network interface 36 under the
control of the base control system 26, and encodes the data for transmission. The encoded
data is output to the transmit circuitry 30, where it is modulated by one or more carrier
signals having a desired transmit frequency or frequencies. A power amplifier (not
shown) amplifies the modulated carrier signals to a level appropriate for transmission, and
delivers the modulated carrier signals to the transmit antennas 34b through a matching
network (not shown). Modulation and processing details are described in greater detail
below.
With reference to FIG. 3, an example of a mobile terminal 20 is illustrated.
Similarly to the base station 16, the mobile terminal 20 includes a mobile control
system 38, e.g. a CPU, a baseband processor 40, transmit circuitry 42, receive circuitry 44,
multiple antennas 46a, 46b and user interface circuitry 48. The receive circuitry 44
receives radio frequency signals bearing information through a receive antenna 46a from
one or more base stations 16 and relays 22. A low noise amplifier and a filter (not shown)
may cooperate to amplify and remove broadband interference from the signal for
processing. Down-conversion and digitization circuitry (not shown) down-convert the

filtered, received signal to an intermediate or baseband frequency signal, which is
digitized into one or more digital streams.
The baseband processor 40 processes the digitized received signal to extract the
information or data bits conveyed in the received signal. This processing typically
comprises demodulation, decoding, and error correction operations. The baseband
processor 40 is generally implemented in one or more DSPs and/or ASICs.
For transmission, the baseband processor 40 receives digitized data, which may
represent voice, video, data, or control information, from the mobile control system 38,
which it encodes for transmission. The encoded data is output to the transmit circuitry 42,
where it is used by a modulator to modulate one or more carrier signals at a desired
transmit frequency or frequencies. A power amplifier (not shown) amplifies the
modulated carrier signals to a level appropriate for transmission, and delivers the
modulated carrier signal to the transmit antennas 46b through a matching network (not
shown). Various modulation and processing techniques available to those skilled in the art
are used for signal transmission between the mobile terminal and the base station, either
directly or via the relay station.
In OFDM modulation, the transmission band is divided into multiple, orthogonal
carrier waves. Each carrier wave is modulated according to the digital data to be
transmitted. Because OFDM divides the transmission band into multiple carriers, the
bandwidth per carrier decreases and the modulation time per carrier increases. Since the
multiple carriers are transmitted in parallel, the transmission rate for the digital data, or
symbols, on any given carrier is lower than when a single carrier is used.
OFDM modulation utilizes the performance of an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
("IFFT") on the information to be transmitted. For demodulation, the performance of a
Fast Fourier Transform ("FFT") on the received signal recovers the transmitted
information. In practice, the IFFT and FFT are provided by digital signal processing
carrying out an Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform ("IDFT") and Discrete Fourier
Transform ("DFT"), respectively. Accordingly, the characterizing feature of OFDM
modulation is that orthogonal carrier waves are generated for multiple bands within a
transmission channel. The modulated signals are digital signals having a relatively low
transmission rate and capable of staying within their respective bands. The individual
carrier waves are not modulated directly by the digital signals. Instead, all carrier waves
are modulated at once by IFFT processing.

In operation, OFDM is preferably used for at least downlink transmission from the
base stations 16 to the mobile terminals 20. Each base station 16 is equipped with "n"
transmit antennas 34b (n >=1), and each mobile terminal 20 is equipped with "m" receive
antennas 46a (m>=l). Notably, the respective antennas can be used for reception and
transmission using appropriate duplexers or switches and are so labeled only for clarity.
When relay stations 22 are used, OFDM is preferably used for downlink
transmission from the base stations 16 to the relays 22 and from relay stations 22 to the
mobile terminals 20.
With reference to FIG. 4, an example of a relay station 22 is illustrated. Similarly
to the base station 16, and the mobile terminal 20, the relay station 22 includes a relay
control system 50, e.g. a CPU, a baseband processor 52, transmit circuitry 54, receive
circuitry 56, multiple antennas 58a, 58b and relay circuitry 60. The relay circuitry 60
enables the relay 22 to assist in communications between a base station 16 and mobile
terminals 20. The receive circuitry 56 receives radio frequency signals bearing
information through a receive antenna 58a from one or more base stations 16 and mobile
terminals 20. A low noise amplifier and a filter (not shown) may cooperate to amplify and
remove broadband interference from the signal for processing. Down-conversion and
digitization circuitry (not shown) down-convert the filtered, received signal to an
intermediate or baseband frequency signal, which is digitized into one or more digital
streams.
The baseband processor 52 processes the digitized received signal to extract the
information or data bits conveyed in the received signal. This processing typically
comprises demodulation, decoding, and error correction operations. The baseband
processor 52 is generally implemented in one or more DSPs and/or ASICs.
For transmission, the baseband processor 52 receives digitized data, which may
represent voice, video, data, or control information, from the relay control system 50,
which it encodes for transmission. The encoded data is output to the transmit circuitry 54,
where it is used by a modulator to modulate one or more carrier signals that is at a desired
transmit frequency or frequencies. A power amplifier (not shown) will amplify the
modulated carrier signals to a level appropriate for transmission, and deliver the •
modulated carrier signal to the transmit antenna 58b through a matching network (not
shown). Various modulation and processing techniques available to those skilled in the art

are used for signal transmission between the mobile terminal 20 and the base station 16,
either directly or indirectly via a relay station 22, as described above.
With reference to FIG. 5, a logical OFDM transmission architecture is provided.
Initially, the base station controller 12 (See FIG. 1) sends data destined for transmission to
various mobile terminals 20 to the base station 16, either directly or with the assistance of
the relay station 22. The base station 16 may use channel quality indicators ("CQIs")
associated with the mobile terminals 20 to schedule the data for transmission as well as
select appropriate coding and modulation for transmitting the scheduled data. The CQIs
may be obtained directly from the mobile terminals 20 or may be determined at the base
station 16 using information provided by the mobile terminals 20. In either case, the CQI
for each mobile terminal 20 is a function of the degree to which the channel amplitude (or
response) varies across the OFDM frequency band.
The scheduled data 62, which is a stream of bits, is scrambled in a manner that
reduces the peak-to-average power ratio associated with the data using data scrambling
logic 64. A cyclic redundancy check ("CRC") for the scrambled data is determined and
appended to the scrambled data using CRC adding logic 66. Channel coding is performed
using channel encoder logic 68 to effectively add redundancy to the data to facilitate
recovery and error correction at the mobile terminal 20. Again, the channel coding for a
particular mobile terminal 20 is based on the CQI. In some implementations, the channel
encoder logic 68 uses known Turbo encoding techniques. The encoded data is processed
by rate matching logic 70 to compensate for the data expansion associated with encoding.
The bit interleaver logic 72 systematically reorders the bits in the encoded data to
minimize the loss of consecutive data bits. The resultant data bits are systematically
mapped into corresponding symbols depending on the chosen baseband modulation by
mapping logic 74. Preferably, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ("QAM") or Quadrature
Phase Shift Key ("QPSK") modulation is used. The degree of modulation is preferably
chosen based on the CQI for the particular mobile terminal 20. The symbols may be
systematically reordered to further bolster the immunity of the transmitted signal to
periodic data loss caused by frequency selective fading using symbol interleaver logic 76.
At this point, groups of bits are mapped into symbols representing locations in an
amplitude and phase constellation. When spatial diversity is desired, blocks of symbols
are processed by space-time block code ("STC") encoder logic 78, which modifies the
symbols in a fashion making the transmitted signals more resistant to interference and

more readily decoded at the mobile terminal 20. The STC encoder logic 78 processes the
incoming symbols and provide "n" outputs corresponding to the number of transmit
antennas 34b for the base station 16. The base control system 26 and/or baseband
processor 28, as described above with respect to FIG. 2, provide a mapping control signal
to control STC encoding. At this point, assume the symbols for the "n" outputs are
representative of the data to be transmitted and are capable of being recovered by the
mobile terminal 20.
For the present example, assume the base station 16 has two transmit antennas 32b
(n=2) and the STC encoder logic 78 provides two output streams of symbols.
Accordingly, each of the symbol streams that are output by the STC encoder logic 78 is
sent to a corresponding IFFT processor 80a, 80b (referred to collectively herein as
IFFT 80), illustrated separately for ease of understanding. Those skilled in the art will
recognize that one or more processors may be used to provide such digital signal
processing, alone or in combination with other processing described herein. The IFFT
processors 80 preferably operate on the respective symbols to provide an inverse Fourier
Transform. The output of the IFFT processors 80 provides symbols in the time domain.
The time domain symbols are grouped into frames, which are associated with a prefix-by-
prefix insertion logic 82a, 82b (referred to collectively herein as prefix insertion 82). Each
of the resultant signals is up-converted in the digital domain to an intermediate frequency
and converted to an analog signal via the corresponding digital up-conversion ("DUC")
and digital-to-analog ("D/A") conversion circuitry 84a, 84b (referred to collectively herein
as DUC + D/A 84). The resultant (analog) signals are simultaneously modulated at the
desired RF frequency, amplified, and transmitted via the RF circuitry 86a, 86b (referred to
collectively herein as RF circuitry 86) and antennas 34b. Notably, pilot signals known by
the intended mobile terminal 16 are scattered among the sub-carriers. The mobile
terminal 16, which is discussed in detail below, uses the pilot signals for channel
estimation.
Reference is now made to FIG. 6 to illustrate reception of the transmitted signals
by a mobile terminal 20, either directly from base station 16 or with the assistance of
relay 22. Upon arrival of the transmitted signals at each of the antennas 46a of the mobile
terminal 20, the respective signals are demodulated and amplified by corresponding RF
circuitry 88. For the sake of conciseness and clarity, only one of the two receive paths is
described and illustrated in detail. Analog-to-digital (A/D) converter and down-

conversion circuitry 90 digitizes and down-converts the analog signal for digital
processing. The resultant digitized signal may be used by automatic gain control circuitry
(AGC) 92 to control the gain of the amplifiers in the RF circuitry 88 based on the received
signal level.
Initially, the digitized signal is provided to synchronization logic 94, which
includes coarse synchronization logic 96, which buffers several OFDM symbols and
calculates an auto-correlation between the two successive OFDM symbols. A resultant
time index corresponding to the maximum of the correlation result determines a fine
synchronization search window, which is used by fine synchronization logic 98 to
determine a precise framing starting position based on the headers. The output of the fine
synchronization logic 98 facilitates frame acquisition by frame alignment logic 100.
Proper framing alignment is important so that subsequent FFT processing provides an
accurate conversion from the time domain to the frequency domain. The fine
synchronization algorithm is based on the correlation between the received pilot signals
carried by the headers and a local copy of the known pilot data. Once frame alignment
acquisition occurs, the prefix of the OFDM symbol is removed with prefix removal
logic 102 and resultant samples are sent to frequency offset correction logic 104, which
compensates for the system frequency offset caused by the unmatched local oscillators in
the transmitter and the receiver. Preferably, the synchronization logic 94 includes
frequency offset and clock estimation logic 106, which is based on the headers to help
estimate such effects on the transmitted signal and provide those estimations to the
correction logic 104 to properly process OFDM symbols.
At this point, the OFDM symbols in the time domain are ready for conversion to
the frequency domain using FFT processing logic 108. The results are frequency domain
symbols, which are sent to processing logic 110. The processing logic 110 extracts the
scattered pilot signals using scattered pilot extraction logic 112, determines a channel
estimate based on the extracted pilot signals using channel estimation logic 114, and
provides channel responses for all sub-carriers using channel reconstruction logic 116. In
order to determine a channel response for each of the sub-carriers, the pilot signal is
essentially multiple pilot symbols that are scattered among the data symbols throughout
the OFDM sub-carriers in a known pattern in both time and frequency.
FIG.7 illustrates resource blocks ("RB") 70,70a-70n (hereinafter "RB 70") having
uplink pilot designs. Two or more RBs 70a-70n may be combined to form a basic channel

unit (BCU). The RB 70 includes pilot symbols arranged in a pattern. The pilot symbol
pattern may be employed for channel estimation, data demodulation, and sounding, among
other purposes.
The RB 70 may include a plurality of rows and columns. For example, the RB 70
may include twelve rows and six columns. Six symbols or tones may be provided in each
row, such as OFDM symbols among other symbol types. One of ordinary skill in the art
will readily appreciate that any number of row and columns may be used. For example,
the RB 70 may be configured of various sizes, including 12x6,18x6, and 6x4, among
other sizes. The RB 70 may be optimized for channelization and for small packet
transmission (VoIP). FIG. 7 illustrates the RB 70 having a time axis across the columns
and a frequency axis along the rows.
FIG. 7 illustrates multiple RB configurations having pilot symbol patterns with
different density configurations for a two transmitter system. The pilot symbol density
and pilot symbol pattern may be configured in time and frequency to accommodate
different contiguous resource sizes. The pilot symbol for the first transmitter is identified
by "1," the pilot symbol for the second transmitter is identified by "2." The RB 70
includes areas for pilot symbols and areas for data signals. The pilot symbol pattern and
density value may be chosen based on the size of the contiguous resource and a multi-
antenna transmission and reception (MMO) mode.
The frequency domain symbols are provided to an STC decoder 118, which
provides STC decoding on both received paths to recover the transmitted symbols. The
recovered symbols are placed back in order using symbol de-interleaver logic 120, which
corresponds to the symbol interieaver logic 76 of the base station 16 transmitter.
The de-interleaved symbols are then demodulated or de-mapped to a
corresponding bit stream using de-mapping logic 122. The bits are then de-interleaved
using bit de-interleaver logic 124, which corresponds to the bit interieaver logic 72 of the
base station 16 transmitter architecture. The de-interleaved bits are then processed by rate
de-matching logic 126 and presented to channel decoder logic 128 to recover the initially
scrambled data and the CRC checksum. Accordingly, the CRC logic 130 removes the
CRC checksum, checks the scrambled data in traditional fashion, and provides it to the de-
scrambling logic 132 for descrambiing using the known base station de-scrambling code
to recover the originally transmitted data 134.

While recovering the data 134, a CQI136 or at least information sufficient to
create a CQI at the base station 16 is determined by channel variation analysis logic 138
and transmitted to the base station 16. As noted above, the CQI 134 may be a function of
the carrier-to-interference ratio ("CfR") 140, as well as the degree to which the channel
response varies across the various sub-carriers in the OFDM frequency band. For this
embodiment, the channel gain for each sub-carrier in the OFDM frequency band used to
transmit information is compared relative to one another to determine the degree to which
the channel gain varies across the OFDM frequency band.
An uplink ("UL") control structure for OFDM systems may be provided that
enables mobile terminals 20 to communicate with the base stations 16. The control
structure may include an uplink acknowledge (UL ACK) channel and a dedicated control
channel that feeds information back, such as channel quality indicator (CQI) information,
pre-coding matrix index (PMI) infonnation and rank information, among other
information. The mobile terminals 20 may employ the UL ACK channel for initial access
to the OFDM system, for bandwidth requests, to trigger continuation of negotiated service,
and for proposed allocation of a re-configuration header, among other purposes.
Furthermore, a downlink acknowledge (DL ACK) channel may be provided to
acknowledge UL data transmission. The DL ACK channel may include n tones that are
spread over the entire band. The DL ACK channel may be power controlled for an
intended user, wherein power control may be provided by assigning a channel to each
user.
A fixed number of resources may be allocated to control channels, including UL
ACK channels, DL ACK channels, UL power control channels and multi-case control
channels. The fixed number of resources may be signaled from a super-frame control. A
set of ACK channels may be defined for all unicast assignments and a separate set of ACK
channels may be defined for group assignments. The ACK channels that are used for a
given packet transmission are determined by the partition number and the layer. The ACK
signals are transmitted over several ACK tiles, where an ACK tile is defined as a group of
contiguous tones or sub-carriers. The value of the ACK signals may be determined by
either non-coherent detection or coherent detection. An orthogonal spreading code may be
used to multiplex multiple ACK signals onto the same ACK tile.
An uplink control channel structure supports UL ACK channels for both unicast
assignments and group assignments. The UL control channel structure also supports

multiple ACKs for different packets that are transmitted on the same resources, as in
multi-codeword MIMO ("MCW-MMO") or multi-user MIMO ("MU-MIMO"). The UL
control channel also provides feedback for frequency selective scheduling and pre-coding,
including for simple diversity assignments.
For MU-MIMO, separate unicast messages are provided for each user that is
assigned to a same partition. A unicast control segment may include a MU-MIMO header
or a multicast message that is targeted to the lower geometry user in an assignment. The
header may include a message type that indicates a number of layers that are multiplexed
on the same resources. Furthermore, the header may include a PMI used for the
transmission in the case of codebook based pre-coding feedback. The PMI is a matrix
having a number of columns equal to a number of layers, wherein each column includes a
pre-coding vector for the corresponding layer.
A fixed number of resources may be allocated for the UL dedicated control
channel. The resources are divided into UL control tiles, wherein the number of tiles
allocated to a user depends on the amount of feedback requested. The allocated tiles may
be spread over the band to obtain frequency diversity. The UL control information is CRC
protected and is scrambled by the user ID. The content of the information can change
each feedback instance to accommodate event driven control information such as a
bandwidth request.
A UL random access ("RA") channel may be provided to enable the user to
initially gain access to the system through one of several physical control structures.
According to one embodiment, the UL random access channel is a designated resource.
The UL random access channel may be a contention based channel for multiple mobile
terminals 20 to request access/bandwidth. A designated resource may be allocated for
these access requests. The access request may be spread or repeated across the resources
that are used exclusively for random access and bandwidth requests. The mobile station
20 may randomly select from one sequence and location if multiple possibilities are
available.
According to one embodiment, the mobile terminal 20 may randomly select from
one of L sequences, which spans N RBs 70. Alternatively, the sequence length L may be
chosen to confine a full sequence within an RB 70. By confining the spreading sequence
to one RB 70, the spreading sequences maintain orthogonality as the RB 70 is virtually

frequency flat as the RB contains physical contiguous tones. The spreading sequences
may be repeated in each RB 70 to gain diversity.
If many resources are assigned for uplink control, the resources may be divided
into M time-frequency blocks for random access. In this case, the number of distinct
codes/resource per sub frame is LM, where the value of M may be dynamically specified
by the base station 16. In some embodiments, a sub-frame within a superframe (or
otherwise specified as set of F frames) is also randomly selected, wherein the number of
distinct codes/resource/sub frames per superframe is defined as LMF.
Another physical control structure includes overlaying the random access requests
with UL control signals. The access request may be spread or repeated across the
resources used for uplink control, such as CQI, among other uplink control. The mobile
terminal 20 may randomly select from one sequence and location if multiple possibilities
are available. For example, the mobile terminal 20 may randomly select from one of L
sequences, where L is less than or equal to the RB size. By confining the spreading
sequence to one RB 70, the spreading sequences maintain orthogonality as the RB 70 is
virtually frequency flat as the RB 70 includes physical contiguous tones or sub-carriers.
The lengdi-L sequence is completely repeated on each of the N RBs 70. Coherent
combining of each sequence repetition may improve detection at the base station 16.
While overlaying the RA request and UL signals, the resources maybe divided
into M time-frequency blocks for random access if many resources are assigned for uplink
control. A number of distinct codes or resources per sub-frame is LM. The values of N
and M may be dynamically specified by the base station 16. In some embodiments, a sub-
frame within the superframe (or otherwise specified as a set of F frames) is also randomly
selected. In some embodiments, the sequences span the N RBs 70. The sequence length
in these cases is LN and the number of distinct codes or resource per sub frame is LNM.
In some embodiments, the L sequences are an orthogonal set of spreading
sequences, wherein the L-sequences may be divided into two types of indications. A first
type includes a system access request without a previously assigned mobile terminal ID
and a second type includes a system access request with an assigned mobile terminal ID.
If a mobile terminal 20 is granted access to the system, a down link (DL) control segment
access grant may be scrambled by the sequence/resource block ED. An access grant
message may include a user identification of the mobile terminal 20 that initiated a request
for access. The access grant message may be provided in the UL control segment. The

access grant message may be scrambled by a sequence that the mobile terminal 20 used in
the UL random access channel. The UL control segment may include an MCCS having a
combination index and/or permutation index and a RAB if persistent resources have been
allocated, including unicast assignment messages for individual assignments and group
assignment messages for group assignments. Persistent resources may be allocated using
a persistent assignment message, which are different for UL and DL assignments. Each
message may include a resource identification for the basic channel unit (BCU) and a
number of resources assigned. Alternatively, a bitmap may be provided that indicates the
assigned resources. For the bitmap, the length of the bitmap may be the length of the
persistent zone. The length may be signaled in the super-frame control. The UL persistent
assignment message may be included in the UL control segment. Alternatively, the UL
persistent assignment message may be included in a separate partition. The LfiL/DL
persistent assignment messages may be scrambled by a user identification of an intended
user. The base station 16 may attempt interference cancellation to remove the RA channel
from UL control.
Another physical control structure includes overlaying the RA channel over the
wideband UL resources. The request is spread or repeated across the UL channel,
possibly across the entire bandwidth. The random access operation for users may be
assigned to one length L sequence and one location, if multiple possibilities are available.
A random access channel may be assigned one length L sequence for use by all
users. The total resources NT may be divided into M time-frequency blocks for random
access. The access sequence, through spreading and repetition, may span NT /M = N
RB's (e.g. N=3). The mobile terminal 20 may randomly select one of the M, wherein the
number of distinction resource per sub frame is M. The sub frame for a request is also
randomly selected.
The sequences for random access may be an orthogonal set of spreading
sequences. Two sequences may be defined for two types of indications. A first type
includes a system access request without a previously assigned mobile terminal ID and a
second type includes a system access request with an assigned mobile terminal ID. If a
mobile terminal 20 is granted access to the system, a down link (DL) control segment
access grant may be scrambled by the sequence/resource block ID. The base station 16
may attempt interference cancellation to remove the RA channel from UL control. The

base station 16 may attempt to decode UL control and traffic transmissions with and
without an assumption, that an RA was sent.
The invention provides an improved channelization and control channel design for
sub-frames, such as WiMAX sub-frames. The WiMAX basic frame structure includes
super-frames, frames, sub-frames and symbols. Each super-frame may span 20ms and
may be divided into four equally-sized 5ms radio frames. According to one embodiment,
each 5ms radio frame may include eight sub-frames. A sub-frame may be assigned for
either DL or UL transmission. Three types of sub-frames may be employed: a sub-frame
having six OFDM symbols; a sub-frame having five OFDM symbols and a sub-frame
having seven OFDM symbols.
Channelization for control and traffic may be provided within each sub-frame and
may span across the symbols within the corresponding sub-frame. The invention uses a
separate zone to support extended sub-frames for both UL and DL. The extended sub-
frames may be defined to concatenate sub-channel resources across multiple sub-frames,
to reduce control overhead resources and improve UL coverage.
The bandwidth may be divided into a plurality of zones, including a diversity zone,
a localized zoned and an extended frame zone. The zones include a one-dimensional
ordered list of resources, in units of a basic channel unit ("BCU")- In other words, the
partitioning of resources between the diversity zone, the localized zones and the extended
frame zone is performed using BCUs. The diversity zone may be used to support diversity
assignments. The localized zone may be used to support localized assignments, or
frequency selective scheduling, to optimize a connection quality based on relative signal
strengths of specific users. The zones also may apply fractional frequency reuse ("FFR")
to control co-channel interference and support universal frequency reuse, with minimal
degradation in spectral efficiency. With FFR, mobile terminals 20 located near the base
station 16 may operate on zones having all sub-channels available. Alternatively, with
FFR, mobile terminals 20 located near the edge of the cell (i.e., far from the base station
16) may operate on zones having less than all sub-channels available.
According to one embodiment, the BCU may include three resource blocks. The
resource blocks may include 12 sub-carriers and 6 OFDM symbols. Defining a BCU size
to include three RBs provides several advantages. Three RBs provide sufficient
granularity and flexibility for VoIP assignments, whereas for non-VoIP assignments, the
resource unit does not have granularity constraints. In other words, a BCU having three

RBs provides a trade-off between channel estimation performance and pilot overhead
resources. For group assignments, such as VoIP, the groups are allocated in units of
BCUs. By contrast, individual VoIP users may receive resources in units of RBs.
Furthermore, three RBs correspond to 394kHz, which provide acceptable frequency
selective scheduling performance.
FIG. 8 illustrates one channelization procedure wherein band 802 is divided into a
plurality of resource blocks 804a-804n having contiguous tones, which are identified by
sub-carriers A, B, C and D. Three contiguous RBs are grouped together to form physical
BCUs 806a-806n. The physical BCUs 806a-806n are allocated to one of a Diversity Zone
1 (808), a Diversity Zone 2 (810), a Diversity Zone 3 (812) and a Localized Zone (814).
The physical BCUs 806a-806n in zones 808, 810, 812 and 814 are evenly spread
throughout the band 802. The physical BCUs 806a-806n within each zone are permuted at
820, 822 and 824 using a sector specific BCU permutation to form logical BCUs.
FIG. 9 illustrates another channelization procedure wherein band 902 is divided
into a plurality of resource blocks ("RBs") 904a-904n having contiguous tones, which are
identified by sub-carriers A, B, C and D. Each physical resource block 904a-904n is
allocated to one of a Diversity Zone 1 (908), a Diversity Zone 2 (910), a Diversity Zone 3
(912) and a Localized Zone (914). The physical RBs 904a-904n in zones 908, 910, 912
and 914 are evenly spread throughout me band 902. The physical RBs 904a-904n within
each zone are permuted at 920, 922 and 924 using a sector specific BCU permutation to
form logical RBs. Three RBs are grouped together to form logical BCUs.
Basic channel units ("BCU") in the extended frame zone may use the same
channelization as in the non-extended frame zone. According to one embodiment, the
control channel for the extended frame zone may occur every k-frames and the
assignments in the extended frame zone may be defined for k-frames. The control channel
may support multi-cast and unicast control. The unicast control information may be
contained within an associated partition in a first sub-frame. According to one
embodiment, transmission using extended sub-frames may co-exist with transmissions
using non-extended sub-frames. Thus, only mobile terminals 20 that use the extended
zone are affected by the increased latency.
Once a mobile terminal 20 accesses the system, the mobile terminal 20 may
request resources on the UL to transmit information to the base station 16. The mobile
terminal 20 may be provided with several options for performing the UL resource request.

Parameters for a first transmission may be specified by a bandwidth request, the
parameters may be set to default based on capability negotiation, the parameters may be
set to a previous configuration based on renewal, or the parameters may be set in some
other manner. The mobile terminal 20 may change the assignment parameters by
including an additional re-configuration message encoded with data that takes effect at the
start of the next packet transmission. This takes advantage of HARQ for the control
message.
The mobile terminal 20 may randomly select an RA signaling ED. A signaling ID
may be a specific spreading sequence, a time-frequency location, a time slot, an interlace,
or other signaling ED. The set of signaling ED options are known to users and also the
index associated with each signaling ED option.
In response to a random access channel signal, the base station 16 may assign one
or more of a user ID to the user, an initial UL resource for the mobile to provide
information, user equipment capabilities, a DL resource assignment requesting
information from the mobile terminal and additional details, such as group assignment,
base station procedures, among other parameters. The assignment message may carry user
ED information.
A message sent to the mobile terminal 20 from the base station 16 may identify the
base station 16 using a randomly selected signaling ID option that is selected by the user
for the RA. For example, if the control channels are generally scrambled in some manner
by the user ED in response to a RA, the base station 16 will send a control message
scrambled by the index of the randomly selected signaling ID, such as sequence index,
sequence location, etc.
In another embodiment, some signaling IDs may be reserved for users that have
been assigned user IDs. For example, a user may be in a hand-off operation and may be
accessing a new serving sector. A user may select from a set of random access signal ing
IDs if an assigned user ID is not provided. Alternatively, a user may select from a
different subset of signaling options if the user does have a user ED. In response, the base
station 16 may send a control message that is scrambled by the RA signal index and
includes a user ED if the mobile terminal 20 has sent a signaling option indicating a user
ED is not provided. Alternatively, if the mobile terminal 20 has sent a signaling option
indicating it does have a user ED, then the base station 16 may send a control message that

is scrambled by the RA signal index without a user ID. The mobile terminal 20 may
indicate the user ID in the next UL transmission for user equipment capabilities, etc.
According to one embodiment, the header and optionally a message body maybe
added to a first packet transmission. Alternatively, the header and optionally a message
body may be added to a first packet transmission and every Nth packet afterwards, where
N can be from 1 to infinity. The base station 16 may provide the mobile terminal 20 with
an ACK/NAK of packet transmission to indicate that a re-configuration message was
correctly received.
During an assignment of the mobile terminal 20, users may embed a header on a
data packet transmission that provides details on configuration or re-configuration. The
request by the mobile terminal 20 for UL resources may be made on dedicated resources
within UL control tiles. These resource sizes may be different for different frames
according to a pre-determined pattern. The sizes may be known at the mobile terminal 20
and the base station 16, so signaling is not needed after configuration.
According to one embodiment, the resource request may occupy a field that is
reserved for another message (CQI, ACK/NAK, precoder index, etc.). The presence of a
request may be specified by the UL control message type. The mobile terminal 20 may set
this type to a message configuration that includes space for a resource assignment. As a
result, the size of the message may not be changed from the specified size for that sub
frame. The presence of the request field may be dynamic, but may not affect the pre-
determined size of the user's UL control. A resource request may be encoded with other
UL control data so that resource requests may be reliably received.
The request may have multiple forms for a given system. In a first embodiment,
the resource request may be a single "on/off' indication. Details of an assignment may be
given in a re-configuration message or may be known from previous or default
configurations. Alternatively, the resource request may be a message, where details of
assignments are indicated, such as delay constraints, QoS, packet backlog, and resource
size, among other assignments. Details of an assignment may be given in a re-
configuration message or may be known from previous or default configurations. For
example, resources may be specified by a secondary broadcast channel, UL resources may
be allocated across distributed RB blocks, bandwidth requests may be 4-10 bits indicating
QoS and a first transmission spectral efficiency or a mobile terminal 20 buffer size, a
bandwidth request may occupy a field otherwise assigned for another purpose, such as DL

CQI feedback, or UL resources may be encoded with other UL control data for users so
that a bandwidth request may be reliably received.
According to an alternative embodiment, users may be assigned one of the random
access signaling IDs (e.g., channel sequences or location) after accessing a system. A
resource request may use the same sequence or channel configurations. As with the RA
channel, users also may be assigned specific sub frames for resource request opportunities.
The assigned signaling may be a unique identifier for a user's resource request. In a first
example, a set of signaling IDs may be reserved for resource requests and may not be used
for RA requests. The assigned sequence or location may be a unique identifier for a user's
resource request. A user may be assigned signaling IDs to identify a bandwidth request or
a resource request. Alternatively, users maybe assigned signaling IDs from a full set of
RA signaling IDs. The sequence may be scrambled by resource request ID to identify as
BW or resource request. The assigned sequence, location, or scrambling may be a unique
identifier for a user's resource request. Users may be assigned multiple signaled IDs for
different configured services, such as VoIP and http traffic resource requests, among other
configured services. If the user has another mechanism for obtaining resource requests,
and opportunities for resource requests are frequent, the user may not be assigned
signaling for transmitting resource requests in this manner.
According to yet another embodiment, a UL bandwidth or resource request may
use resources that are specified persistently. One or more RBs and multiple RBs may be
distributed to provide diversity. A UL bandwidth or resource may be overlaid with other
traffic on a same resource as a traffic signal or a control signal. If the user has another
mechanism for resource requests and opportunities for requests are frequent, the user may
not be assigned signaling for transmitting resource requests in this manner. UL bandwidth
and resource requests for the mobile terminal 20 may include 4-10 bits, with an initial
message containing limited fields, such as QoS and a first transmission spectral efficiency
or a mobile terminal buffer size including CRC. The UL bandwidth requests and resource
requests for a mobile terminal 20 are intended to be reliable signaling with diversity, with
interference cancellation used at the base station 16. Users may be separated by locations
of RBs, sub frame, and assigned sequences. Regarding sequences, each user may be
assigned a sequence block to use. In other embodiments, users may be assigned a same
set of sequences to facilitate detection at the base station 16. Alternatively, orthogonal
sequences such as Zadoff-Chu or Walsh sequences may be used. The sequence length

may be less than the length of the RB. If N RBs are assigned for each resource request
channel, it may be repeated over all RBs. Alternatively, the sequence may be spread over
all N RBs.
The mobile terminal 20 may send a request for a service signal. The message size
may be minimal as it indicates a renewal or continuation of a configured service.
According to a first option, the service may be renewed through a single message after the
mobile terminal receives a UL assignment for a given type of service. The message may
be a simple ON/OFF toggle to renewal service with previous or existing parameters. The
message may be sent in a persistently assigned UL control resource space and the message
type may indicate that the service renewal is being signaled. The mobile terminals 20 may
be assigned multiple messages to toggle multiple services, parameters of renewal for first
transmission may be set to a default and a re-configuration signal in first transmission may
provide parameter changes.
Alternatively, a scrambled ID may be provided to the mobile terminal 20 for a UL
renewal request. After the mobile terminal 20 receives a UL assignment for a given type
of service, the service may be renewed through a single message. The message may be a
simple ON/OFF toggle to renew service with previous or existing parameters. The
message may be sent using resource requests in random access space to renew service to
last configuration parameters. The mobile terminals 20 may be assigned multiple
messages to toggle multiple services. The parameters of renewal for a first transmission
may be set to a default.
The invention may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of
hardware and software. Any kind of computing system, or other apparatus adapted for
carrying out the methods described herein, is suited to perform the functions described
herein.
A typical combination of hardware and software could be a computer system
having one or more processing elements and a computer program stored on a storage
medium that, when loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries
out the methods described herein. The invention can also be embedded in a computer
program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the
methods described herein, and which, when loaded in a computing system is able to carry
out these methods. Storage medium refers to any volatile or non-volatile storage device.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not
limited to what has been particularly shown and described herein above. In addition,
unless mention was made above to the contrary, it should be noted that all of the
accompanying drawings are not to scale. A variety of modifications and variations are
possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the scope and spirit of the
invention, which is limited only by the following claims.

CLAIMS:
1. A method of performing channelization in-a wireless communication network, the
wireless communication network including at least one base station that is
communicatively coupled to at least one mobile terminal, the method comprising:
dividing a bandwidth of the wireless communication network into a plurality of
zones at the base station;
forming resource blocks at the base station to receive data symbols transmitted in
the wireless communication network;
combining a plurality of resource blocks at the base station to form a physical basic
channel unit;
allocating the physical basic channel unit to one of the plurality of zones at the
base station;
performing a permutation on the physical basic channel unit to form a logical basic
channel unit;
providing a channel to communicatively couple the base station and the mobile
terminal; and
initiating the mobile terminal to send an access grant message and a user
identification to the base station to transmit data in the logical basic channel unit.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bandwidth is divided into at least
one of a diversity zone and a localized zone.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein three resource blocks are combined to
. form the physical basic channel unit.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the permutation performed on the
physical basic channel unit is a sector specific permutation.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the zones include fractional frequency
reuse to adjust resources available to the mobile terminal based on a distance between the
base station and the mobile terminal.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the fractional frequency reuse grants all
resources to the mobile terminal located close to the base station and grants limited
resources to the mobile terminal located far from the base station.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data symbols include tones.
8. A method of performing channelization in a wireless communication network, the
wireless communication network including at least one base station that is
communicatively coupled to at least one mobile terminal, the method comprising:
dividing a bandwidth of the wireless communication network into a plurality of
zones at the base station;
forming physical resource blocks at the base station to receive data symbols
transmitted in the wireless communication network;
allocating the physical resource blocks to one of the plurality of zones at the base
station;
performing a permutation on the physical resource blocks to form logical resource
blocks;
combining a plurality of logical resource blocks at the base station to form a
logical basic channel unit;
providing a channel to communicatively couple the base station and the mobile
terminal; and
initiating the mobile terminal to send an access grant message and a user
identification to the base station to transmit data in the logical basic channel unit.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the bandwidth is divided into at least
one of a diversity zone and a localized zone.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein three logical resource blocks are
combined to form the logical basic channel unit.
11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the permutation performed on the
physical resource blocks is a sector specific permutation.

12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the zones include fractional frequency
reuse to adjust resources available to the mobile terminal based on a distance between the
base station and the mobile terminal.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the fractional frequency reuse grants
all resources to the mobile terminal located close to the base station and grants limited
resources to the mobile terminal located far from the base station.

14. The method according to claim 8, wherein the data symbols include tones.
15. A base station for use in a wireless communication system, the base station being
communicatively coupled to at least one mobile terminal, the base station comprising:
a control system configured to:
divide a bandwidth of the wireless communication network into a plurality
of zones;
form resource blocks to receive data symbols transmitted in the wireless
communication network;
combine a plurality of resource blocks to form a physical basic channel
unit;
allocate the physical basic channel unit to one of the plurality of zones at
the base station; and
perform a permutation on the physical basic channel unit to form a logical
basic channel unit; and
an antenna that communicatively couples the base station and the mobile terminal,
the antenna receiving an access grant message and a user identification from the mobile
terminal and transmitting data in the logical basic channel unit,
wherein the wireless communication system is configured to transmit data having
different frame sizes.
16. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the control system divides the
bandwidth into at least one of a diversity zone, a localized zone and the extended frame
zone.

17. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the control system combines three
resource blocks to form the physical basic channel unit.
18. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the control system performs a
sector specific permutation on the physical basic channel unit.
19. The base station according to claim 15, wherein the control system performs
fractional frequency reuse on the plurality of zones to adjust resources available to the
mobile terminal based on a distance between the base station and the mobile terminal.
20. The base station according to claim 19, wherein the control systems uses fractional
frequency reuse to grant full resources to the mobile terminal located close to the base
station and grant limited resources to the mobile terminal located far from the base station.

ABSTRACT

A method and system are provided to perform channelization in a wireless communication network, wherein the
wireless communication network including at least one base station that is communicatively coupled to at least one mobile terminal.
A bandwidth of the wireless communication network is divided into a plurality of zones at the base station. Resource blocks
are provided at the base station to receive data symbols transmitted in the wireless communication network. A plurality of resource
blocks are combined at the base station to form a physical basic channel unit which are allocated to one of the plurality of
zones at the base station. A permutation is performed on the physical basic channel unit to form a logical basic channel unit. A
channel is provided to communicatively couple the base station and the mobile terminal so that the mobile terminal may send an
access grant message and a user identification to the base station to transmit data in the logical basic channel unit.