DESC:FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(SECTION 39 OF 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(Section 10 and Rule 13)

ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE AND ABAMECTIN DERIVATIVE SYNERGISTIC COMBINATION FORMULATIONs, PROCESS FOR PREPARING AND USE THEREOF

We, COROMANDEL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED,
an Indian company incorporated under Companies Act of 1956, having its principal place of business at Coromandel House, Sardar Patel Road, Secunderabad – 500 003, Telangana, India.

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to synergistic insecticidal composition comprising combination of an organothiophosphate and an abamectin derivative.

The present invention also relates to synergistic insecticidal composition comprising combination of an organothiophosphate, an abamectin derivative, surfactants, stabilizer, co-solvent and other agrochemical auxiliaries.

The present invention specifically relates to emulsifiable concentrate (EC) composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt, surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent, co-solvent and optionally other agrochemical auxiliaries.

The present invention specifically relates to emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio of 1 : 15 to 15 : 1 of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 :1.

The present invention specifically relates to emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio of 1 : 15 to 15 : 1 of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1, surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent, co-solvent and optionally other agrochemical auxiliaries.

The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt, wherein the emulsion concentrate is prepared by simple mixing followed by homogenization process.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Phenthoate is a non-systemic organophosphorus insecticide; a cholinesterase inhibitor with contact and stomach poisoning; moderately toxic to mammals with no residual activity. Phenthoate formulation has a board spectrum of effectiveness on crop pests especially against a wide range of chewing and piercing-sucking phytophagous insect pests on vegetables, rice, cotton, pulses etc. It is used against Lepidoptera, Jassids, Aphids, Soft Scales, Mosquitoes, Blowflies, Houseflies, and Ked. Phenthoate was first registered for use by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) in September, 1974.

Phenthoate is chemically known as S-a-ethoxy carbonyl benzyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate and has the following structure:

Emamectin is derived from avermectin B1, also known as abamectin, a mixture of the natural avermectin B1a and B1b. Emamectin is the 4”-deoxy-4”-methylamino derivative of abamectin, a 16-membered macrocyclic lactone produced by the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis, belongs to the avermectin family of compounds all of which exhibit toxicity for nematodes, arthropods, and several other pests. The benzoate salt of Emamectin in particular has found widespread use as an insecticide and is approved by the EPA for use in prevention of emerald ash borer in ash trees. Emamectin benzoate was first registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) in May, 1999.

Emamectin benzoate is chemically known as 4”-Deoxy-4’’-epi-N-methylamino avermectin B1 benzoate and has the following structure:

Phenthoate insecticide works by contact and stomach poisoning, has no systemic action and has broad spectrum of effectiveness on crop pests (High level of activity against a wide range of chewing and piercing-sucking Phytophathogen insects).

Phenthoate insecticide used to control common insects in rice, vegetables and other crops including brassicas, eggplant, peppers, radish, turnips, carrot, Soybean, Potatoes, Tea, Citrus by controlling insects including Aphids, Houseflies, Blowflies; Scale insects, Leaf hoppers, Mealy bugs and Mosquitoes.

Emamectin is widely used in controlling lepidopterous pests order of insects that as larvae are Caterpillars and as adults have four broad wings including Butterflies, Moths, and Skippers in agricultural products. Emamectin is a foliar insecticide derivative of abamectin, which is isolated from fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis. It has been used to control insects in fruits, vegetables, cereals, tree nuts, oilseeds, herbs and tea.

Though, conventionally each of these active ingredients are used individually, combination product is not approved which has applications compared to the mono product. Hence, there is increased interest in the use of active ingredients in combination to give synergistic results.

The given below prior-art references show the use of combinations of Phenthoate and Emamectin benzoate generically in different ratios.

CN 102037994 A enables the combination of Phenthoate (Cidial) and Emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrates formulation comprising solvents and surfactants. However, the use of co-solvent is not disclosed.

WO 2000/002453 A1 generically enables the combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin benzoate emulsifiable concentrates formulation comprising use of surfactants, and an aromatic solvent. However, the use of co-solvent is not disclosed.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art to provide insecticidal synergistic compositions which are environmentally safer and stable insecticidal / acaricidal compositions having two active ingredients with different physical and chemical properties, with enhanced efficacy.

It was surprisingly and unexpectedly found by the present inventors that a selective combination composition of two active ingredients comprising Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio of 1 : 15 to 15 : 1 of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1, surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent and co-solvent, possesses enhanced efficacy, improved penetration and long duration control of phytopathogens as compared to its other traditional formulations with long storage stability across a wide temperature range and having no adverse impact on photosynthetic activity in plant and seed quality.

OBJECTIVE OF INVENTION
The main objective of the present invention is to provide synergistic insecticidal composition comprising combination of organothiophosphate and an abamectin derivative.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide synergistic insecticidal composition comprising combination of an organothiophosphate, an abamectin derivative, surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent, co-solvent and optionally other agrochemical auxiliaries.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt, surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent, co-solvent and optionally other agrochemical auxiliaries.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio of 1 : 15 to 15 : 1 of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio of 1 : 15 to 15 : 1 of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1, surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent, co-solvent and optionally other agrochemical auxiliaries.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a process for the preparation of emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt, wherein the emulsion concentrate is prepared by simple mixing followed by homogenization process.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising combination of an organothiophosphate, an abamectin derivative.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising combination of an organothiophosphate, an abamectin derivative, surfactants, stabilizer, co-solvent and other agrochemical auxiliaries.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising combination of an organothiophosphate, an abamectin derivative, surfactants, stabilizer, co-solvent and other agrochemical auxiliaries, wherein said organothiophosphate is Phenthoate and said abamectin derivative is Emamectin or its salt.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising combination of Phenthoate, Emamectin or its salt, surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent, co-solvent and optionally other agrochemical auxiliaries, wherein said composition is in the form of emulsifiable concentrate.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides an emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate, Emamectin or its salt, surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent, co-solvent and optionally other agrochemical auxiliaries.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides an emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio of 1 : 15 to 15 : 1 of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides an emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio of 1 : 15 to 15 : 1 of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1, surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent, co-solvent and optionally other agrochemical auxiliaries, wherein said optionally other agrochemical auxiliaries are pH adjusting agent.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides an emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio 1 : 15 to 15 : 1 of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1, mixture of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate as surfactants, soya oil as stabilizer, C9-solvent as hydrocarbon solvent, dimethylformamide (DMF) as co-solvent and triethylamine as pH adjusting agent.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides an emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising:
10% to 45% (w/w) of Phenthoate,
1% to 10% (w/w) of Emamectin benzoate,
1% to 15% (w/w) of surfactants,
0.1% to 5% (w/w) of stabilizer,
0.1% to 50% (w/w) of hydrocarbon solvent,
1% to 10% (w/w) of co-solvent, and optionally
0.01% to 10% (w/w) of pH adjusting agents.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides an emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising:
10% to 45% (w/w) of Phenthoate,
1% to 10% (w/w) of Emamectin benzoate,
1% to 15% (w/w) of mixture of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate,
0.1% to 5% (w/w) of soya oil,
5% to 50% (w/w) of C9-solvent, and
1% to 10% (w/w) of dimethylformamide, and optionally
0.01% to 10% (w/w) of triethylamine.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparing emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising the steps of:
a. adding and mixing all the active ingredients, mixture of non-ionic and ionic surfactants, stabilizer, hydrocarbon solvent and co-solvent in a vessel step by step under continuous stirring,
b. homogenizing all the ingredients under continuous stirring to obtain homogenous clear solution,
c. adjusting pH to 7 by adding pH adjusting agents to obtain stable solution, and
d. filtering the obtained solution from step c) to get clear solution.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparing emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising the steps of:
a. adding and mixing Phenthoate and Emamectin benzoate, mixture of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, soya oil, C9-solvent and dimethylformamide in a vessel step by step under continuous stirring,
b. homogenizing all the ingredients under continuous stirring to obtain homogenous clear solution,
c. adjusting pH to 7 by adding triethylamine to obtain stable solution, and
d. filtering the obtained solution from step c) to get clear solution.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "comprising", which is synonymous with "including", "containing", or "characterized by" here is defined as being inclusive or open-ended, and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps, unless the context clearly requires otherwise.

The present invention provides synergistic composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio of 1 : 15 to 15 : 1of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1, mixture of surfactants, stabilizer, co-solvent and other agrochemical auxiliaries. However, variables of the ratios of each of the active ingredients can be used and the selection of the particular amount is dependent upon many factors including, for example, type of formulations, the crop, disease sought to be controlled and environmental conditions. The selection of the proper quantity of active agent to be applied, however, is within the expertise of one skilled in the art.

The combination compositions of the present invention can be used on a number of fruits, vegetables and ornamental varieties such as Brassicas, Eggplant, Peppers, Radish, Turnips, Carrot, Soybean, Potatoes, Tea, Citrus, Cereals, Tree Nuts, Oilseeds and Herbs.

The composition of the present invention could be applied to plants, seeds, fruits, soil as preventive and curative state.

The surfactant is required to maintain the particles in emulsion and prevent them from agglomerating in the emulsion formation. The surfactant employed in the formulation composition is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactant and a mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactant and polymeric surfactant. Among these preferred surfactants is mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactants.

The anionic and non-ionic surfactants as used herein are selected from and not limited to C1-C16-alkyl benzene sulfonates, C1-C16-alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, lignosulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, C1-C16-alkyl naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensates, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene C8-C22-alkyl ether sulfates, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene C8-C22-alkyl ether phosphates, polyoxy- C2-C3-alkylene C1-C16-alkylbenzene ether sulfates, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene C1-C16-alkylbenzene ether phosphates, C8-C22-alkyl sulfates, C4-C18-dialkyl sulfosuccinates, polyoxy- C2-C3-alkylene mono-, di- or tristyryl phenyl ether sulfates, polyoxy- C2-C3-alkylene mono-, di- or tristyryl phenyl etherphosphates, polyoxyethylene polycarboxylates, polyphosphates, fatty acid alkanolamides, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in combination with 2-methylpropan-1-ol, poly (oxy-1, 2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-[tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-.omega.-hydroxy- (mixture of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate) (Geronil FF4 and Geronil FF6), the condensation products of fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, fatty acid amides or fatty amines with ethylene and/or propylene oxide, alkyl- , alkenyl or polyaryl-substituted phenols with ethylene and/or propylene oxide, fatty esters of polyhydric alcohol esters e.g. sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene mono-, di- or tristyryl phenyl ethers, condensation product of such esters with ethylene oxide, e.g. polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxides, ethoxylated lanolin alcohols or ethoxylated lanolin acids from the group consisting of homo- or copolymers of C2-C3-alkylene oxides, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene C8-C22-alkyl ethers, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene C1-C16-alkylbenzene ethers, polyoxy- C2-C3-alkylene mono-, di- or tristyryl phenyl ethers, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene mono- or distyryl phenyl ether-formaldehyde condensates, and acetylene glycols, Calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-[tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-.omega.-hydroxy- with molecular ranges (mixture of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate) (Geronil FF4 and Geronil FF6).

Geronil FF4 and Geronil FF6 comprise of same components but in different concentrations.

Geronil FF4 comprising blend of:
calcium dodecylbenzene sulphonate = 40% to < 50%,
2-methylpropan-1-ol (isobutanol) = 30% to < 40%,
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-[tris(1- phenylethyl)phenyl]-.omega.-hydroxy- (tristyrylphenol ethoxylate) = 15% to < 20%.

Geronil FF6 comprising blend of:
calcium dodecylbenzene sulphonate = 10% to < 15%,
2-methylpropan-1-ol (isobutanol) = 5% to < 10%,
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-[tris(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-.omega.-hydroxy- (tristyrylphenol ethoxylate) = 70% to < 80%.

The mixture of surfactants is present in the composition in a range of about 1% to 15%, more preferably 2% to 10% of the total weight of the composition.

The stabilizer as used herein is selected from and not limited to soya oil, organic phosphoric acid, phosphoamide, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), polyethyleneglycol or polypropyleneglycol chain or an ethyleneglycol-propyleneglycol copolymeric chain, or a mixture thereof. Preferred stabilizer used in the composition of the present invention is soya oil.

The stabilizer is present in the composition in a range of about 0.1% to 5%, more preferably 0.1% to 2% of the total weight of the composition.

The co-solvent as used herein are selected from and not limited to dimethyl formamide, cyclohexanone, isophoron and N-methylpyrrolidone. Preferred co-solvent used in the composition of the present invention is dimethyl formamide (DMF).

The co-solvent is present in the composition in a range of about 1 to 10%, more preferably 1 to 7%, of the total weight of the composition.

Accordingly, it has been surprisingly found that sufficient amount of co-solvent, substantially water- miscible co-solvent such as, for example, NMP as the primary solvent system, sufficient solubility to maintain stability of the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation.

The hydrocarbon solvent as used herein is selected from and not limited to C1 to C5 alkyl groups, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, paraffins or toluene, xylenes and naphthalene derivatives, in particular 1-methyl-naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, mixtures of C6-C16-aromatic compounds, C9-solvent, cyclohexanol, butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, isopropanol. Preferred hydrocarbon solvent used in the composition of the present invention is C9-solvent.

The hydrocarbon solvent is present in the composition in a range of about 5 to 50%, more preferably 20 to 40% of the total weight of the composition.

The pH of water can negatively affect the stability of some pesticides. Under alkaline conditions, alkaline hydrolysis occurs which degrades the pesticide to non-toxic (inactive) forms. In general, insecticides (for example particularly organophosphates and carbamates) are more susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis than are fungicides, herbicides or growth regulators. The end result is less active ingredient applied on crop leads to poor pesticide performance. The degradation of a pesticide can be measured in terms of its half-life. Hence, pH adjusting agents is used to adjust the pH of formulations to pH 7. The pH is adjusted by using acidifying and alkalizing agents. Acidifying agents are used in a formulation to lower the pH and alkalizing agents are used to increase the pH.

The pH adjusting agents as used herein is selected from and not limited to triethylamine, glacial acetic acid, ammonium sulfate, organic acids such as citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, and sulfamic acid, carbonates, bicarbonates, and hydrogen phosphates of sodium or calcium salts. Preferred pH adjusting agent used in the composition of the present invention is triethylamine.

The pH adjusting agent is present in the composition in a range of about 0.001 to 10%, more preferably 0.01 to 10% of the total weight of the composition.

Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt may be present in the composition or applied in any amounts relative to each other, to provide the enhanced or synergistic effect of the mixture. Phenthoate and Emamectin benzoate may be present in the synergistic insecticidal composition in any suitable amount, and is generally present in an amount of from 45% to 5% by weight of the composition, preferably from 35% to 3.5% by weight of the composition. However, variables of the ratios of each of the active ingredients can be used and the selection of the particular amount is dependent upon many factors including, for example, type of formulations, the crop, disease sought to be controlled and environmental conditions. The selection of the proper quantity of active agent to be applied, however, is within the expertise of one skilled in the art.

The EC composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.5 to 20 wt% of adjuvants commonly used in this field and well known to those expert in the art, such as antifoamers, anti-freezing agents, thickeners, preservatives, antidrift agents, adhesives, penetrants, stickers and spreaders.
The EC compositions of the present invention can be diluted with water in the spray tank they form a spontaneous emulsion, with emulsion droplets in the size range of 0.1 to 1.0µm. The spontaneous emulsion can be achieved by selecting one or more surfactants based upon their ability to emulsify the solvent system, including the active ingredient, into water. It is by means of balancing the water soluble and oil soluble surfactant components at the water/solvent interface that a physically stable emulsion is formed. When sprayed, the dilute emulsion gives a uniform and accurate application of active ingredient on the crop at a concentration of at least 0.001 g/l, which is essential for effective pest control.

A particular mode of administering the composition of the present invention is the administration to the aboveground parts of plants, in particular to the leaves thereof (leaf-application). The number of applications and the administered doses are chosen in accordance with the biological and climatic conditions of life of the causative agent. The antifungal compositions though, can also be applied to the soil and get into the plants through the root system (systemic activity), in case the locus of the plants is applied with the components are added to the soil in a solid formulation or sprayed with a liquid composition e.g. in the form of emulsion concentrate (EC).

When using the active compound combinations according to the invention, the application rate can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application. For the treatment of parts of plants, the active-compound combination application rates are generally between 0.1 and 10000 g/ha, preferably between 100 and 2500 g/ha. For seed dressing, the active compound combination application rates are generally between 0.001 and 50 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 20 g per kilogram of seed. For the treatment of the soil, the active-compound combination application rates are generally between 0.1 and 10000 g/ha preferably between 1 and 5000 g/ha.

The following examples describe the nature of the invention which are given only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention in more detail and are not limitative.

EXAMPLES
Example 1: Composition of Phenthoate 35% and Emamectin benzoate 3.5% EC:
Ingredients/Raw Materials Quantity % (w/w)
Phenthoate Technical @95% b) 35% 36.8
Emamectin benzoate @ 73% b) 3.5% 4.79
Mixture of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate (Geronol FF4) 1.0
Mixture of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate (Geronol FF6) 9.0
Soya oil 1.0
Solvent C-IX 40.41
Dimethyl formamide (DMF) 7.0
Total 100

Manufacturing process

All the raw materials were weighed, dispensed and the mixture was mixed in vessel under continuous stirring by adding one by one of C-9 Solvent, active ingredients, surfactants, stabilizer and co-solvent respectively and all the materials thoroughly mixed at 300rpm and homogenized to obtain homogenous clear solution. pH was adjusted to 7 using triethylamine. The obtained solution was filtered, collected and packed.

Field efficacy trials

Trial 1: Pests of Chilli
Chilli, Capsicum annum L. belongs to the family Solanaceae is one of the important commercial crops grown in India. Nearly 35 species of insect pests occur on Chilli which includes Thrips, Mites, Whiteflies, Aphids, Fruit borers, Leaf Eaters and other minor pests. The field efficacy trials were conducted on Thrips, Mites, Fruit borer and Spodoptera litura complex in Chilli.

The sucking pests viz., Yellow mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis causes severe damage and serious threat to many field crops at early stage and can also affect the crop stand and yield. Sucking pests e.g., Thrips is a cosmopolitan, polyphagous, widely distributed in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions and are also vectors for several viral diseases in large number of plants.

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative mixture i.e., Emamectin benzoate and Phenthoate EC against sucking pests, fruit borer and leaf eater in Chilli. The Chilli crop was raised with all standard agronomic practices. The experiments were laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) and replicated thrice with an individual plot size of 5 m X 6 m. Spraying was done with manual operated knapsack sprayer with 500 liter of water spray volume per hectare at 20-50 days after transplanting. The observations were recorded by counting the number of sucking insects (Mites, Thrips, Fruit borers and Leaf eaters) for sucking pests’ observations were recorded per leaf, six leaves per plant and five plants per plot and for fruit borer and leaf eater Spodoptera litura direct count were recorded per 2 middle rows from each plot, average number of larvae per meter row. The observations were recorded at before spraying, 10 DAA (Days After Application).

Table 1: Chilli pest control

Compositions
GAI/hectare % Insect Control at 10 DAA
Mites Thrips Fruit borer Spodoptera
Emamectin benzoate 3.5% + Phenthoate 35% EC 26.25 + 262.5 80.6 83.5 92.5 93.2
Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 26.25 28.5 32.5 65.5 69.5
Phenthoate 50% EC 262.5 58.0 34.2 40.5 34.0
EC-Emulsifiable Concentrate, SG- Soluble granule DAA Days After Application

The trial results in Table 1 shown excellent efficacy of Emamectin benzoate + Phenthoate EC combination against sucking pest as well as fruit borer and leaf eaters in Chilli. The solo application as well as the combination of two active ingredients tested here against Mites, Thrips, Fruit borer and Leaf eaters. Solo products were not able to provide satisfactory control of sucking pest complex as well as Fruit borer and Leaf eaters in Chilli. The combination of Emamectin benzoate + Phenthoate EC has shown excellent efficacy as well as residual control.

Trial 2: Soybean trial

Soybean Glycine max is one of the major oilseed crops of India having first rank in both the area and production. India contributes approximately 51 per cent share to the total area under soybean cultivation in Asia and 10 per cent of the world. This crop will be attacked by number of Insects pests, few very economic important pests we did trials to see results of our product.

Tobacco caterpillar: Spodoptera litura: Larvae feed on the chlorophyll of the leaves. The eaten leaves give the appearance of whitish yellow web. Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is one of the serious defoliators of soybean. It reduces crop value both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Semilooper: The semilooper feeds on soybean crops and causes yield losses up to 30-40%. It affects the crop at the vegetative stage and if the infestation is at the podding or flowering stage, it can cause considerable yield losses. Usually, the infestation occurs before late August and early September.

Girdle Beetle: The incidence of girdle beetles is observed at the seedling stage. The presence of 2 circular cuts on the branch or stem is a characteristic symptom. Larvae bore into the stem of soybean. The inside of the stem is eaten by the larvae, forming tunnels within the stem. The infected portion above the circular cut is unable to get any nutrition so it dries up. In the later stages of infestation, the plant is severed at about 15 to 25 cm above the ground.

Stem-fly: The adult stem fly is shiny, black, about two millimeters long and looks very similar to the bean fly (Ophiomyia phaseoli), which is a major pest of navy bean seedlings. The damage occurs when the white stem fly larva (maggot) feeds inside the stem.

The field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative mixtures of Emamectin benzoate + Phenthoate against Spodoptera litura, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) and girdle beetle and stem fly these four important pests of Soybean.

These can affect serious crop stand and yield loss. Trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of innovative mixtures of Emamectin benzoate + Phenthoate, in randomized block design with net plot size of 5m x 6m. Soybean crop was raised with all standard agronomic practices. Spraying was done with manual operated backpack sprayer with 500 liter of water spray volume per hectare. Pest specific spraying were done as per pest stages. The observations were recorded before spraying, 10 DAA (Days After Application).

Table 2: Pest control in Soybean

Compositions
Dose Gram Active/ha
% Insect Control at 10 DAA

S. litura C. includens
Emamectin benzoate 3.5% + Phenthoate 35% 26.25+262.5 70.0 72.5
Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 26.25 25.5 25.0
Phenthoate 50% EC 262.5 27.5 28.5
EC- Emulsifiable concentrate, SG- Soluble concentrate, DAA Days after Application

The trial result shows (Table 2) excellent efficacy of Emamectin benzoate + Phenthoate EC combination insecticide against Spodoptera litura and Chrysodeixis includens. The solo application as well as the combination of two active ingredients tested here against Spodoptera litura and Chrysodeixis includens but solo alone was not able to provide satisfactory control of Spodoptera litura as well as Chrysodeixis includens. The synergistic effect had seen in Emamectin benzoate + Phenthoate EC combination which has shown excellent efficacy as well as residual control against Spodoptera litura and Chrysodeixis includens.

Table 3:

Compositions
Dose Gram Active/ha
% Insect Control at 10 DAA

Stem Fly Girdle beetle
Emamectin benzoate 3.5% + Phenthoate 35% 26.25+262.5 62.5 60.5
Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 26.25 20.0 23.5
Phenthoate 50% EC 262.5 22.5 22.5
The trial result shows (Table 3) excellent efficacy of Emamectin benzoate + Phenthoate EC combination insecticide against Soybean stem fly and girdle beetle. The solo application as well as the combination of two active ingredients tested here against stem fly and girdle beetle but solo alone was not able to provide satisfactory control of stem fly as well as Girdle beetle. The synergistic effect had seen in Emamectin benzoate + Phenthoate EC combination which has shown excellent efficacy as well as residual control against Stem fly and Girdle beetle.

,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM
1. A synergistic insecticidal composition comprising combination of an organothiophosphate, an abamectin derivative, surfactants, stabilizer, co-solvent and other agrochemical auxiliaries.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said organothiophosphate is Phenthoate and said abamectin derivative is Emamectin or its salt.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said composition is in the form of emulsifiable concentrate.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said surfactants are selected form fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, fatty acid amides or fatty amines with ethylene and/or propylene oxide, alkyl- , alkenyl or polyaryl-substituted phenols with ethylene and/or propylene oxide, fatty esters of polyhydric alcohol esters e.g. sorbitan fatty acid esters, condensation product of such esters with ethylene oxide, e.g. polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxides, ethoxylated lanolin alcohols or ethoxylated lanolin acids from the group consisting of homo- or copolymers of C2-C3-alkylene oxides, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene C8-C22-alkyl ethers, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene C1-C16-alkylbenzene ethers, polyoxy- C2-C3-alkylene mono-, di- or tristyryl phenyl ethers, polyoxy-C2-C3-alkylene mono- or distyryl phenyl ether-formaldehyde condensates, and acetylene glycols, mixture or blend of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said stabilizer is selected from soya oil, organic phosphoric acid, phosphoamide, butylated hydroxytoluene, polyethyleneglycol or polypropyleneglycol chain or an ethyleneglycol-propyleneglycol copolymeric chain, or a mixture thereof.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said co-solvent is selected from dimethyl formamide, cyclohexanone, isophoron and N-methylpyrrolidone.

7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said other agrochemical auxiliaries are selected form hydrocarbon solvent and pH adjusting agent.

8. An emulsifiable concentrate composition comprising combination of Phenthoate and Emamectin or its salt at a weight in the ratio 1 : 15 to 15 : 1 of first active ingredient to the second active ingredient, more preferably in the ratio of 1 : 10 to 10 : 1, mixture of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate as surfactants, soya oil as stabilizer, C9-solvent as hydrocarbon solvent, dimethylformamide as co-solvent and triethylamine as pH adjusting agent.

9. The process for the preparation of composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein said process comprising the steps of:
a. adding and mixing Phenthoate and Emamectin benzoate, mixture of calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate, isobutanol and tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, soya oil, C9-solvent and dimethylformamide in a vessel step by step under continuous stirring,
b. homogenizing all the ingredients under continuous stirring to obtain homogenous clear solution,
c. adjusting pH to 7 by adding triethylamine to obtain stable solution, and
d. filtering the obtained solution from step c) to get clear solution.

Dated this Twelfth (12th) day of August, 2021

Dr. S. Padmaja
Agent for the Applicant
IN/PA/883