Locally backwashing portions of filter media allows a simple and effective design of intake and pretreatment units as well as their integration. An enclosure is used to limit portions of filter media and backwash them locally by suction utilizing filtered water from adjacent filter media as the back wash water. Wast...

A method of cleaning an evaporator that includes at least one heat transfer element for the evaporation of water comprising forming a sacrificial layer of a first material on a surface of the heat transfer element (1 ); evaporating water that includes a second material to deposit the second material on top of the sa...