A device and method for penetrating the Coulomb barrier is disclosed , An electrode is positioned within a hollow shell , the shell enclosing an inner space containing a fusion reactive fuel such as deuterium. The inner space with the fuel is coaxially centered about the electrode, and a confinement layer made of a ...

An improved spacer for use in electrodialysis and electrodeionization stacks can provide close contact between the spacer mesh and its adjacent ion exchange membranes, reducing the water flow cross-section through the cell. This in turn can lead to higher flow velocities and increased flow turbulence between ion exc...

Non-gas emitting electrodes having a very high surface area, high electric capacitance, and low electric resistance are integrated with silver and/or silver chloride for use in electrodialysis/electrodeionization cells, or in any other system requiring the generation of electric fields through electrolyte solutions,...