All multi-cell (Li-Ion, Li-Titanate, Lithium iron phosphate, etc.) batteries are equipped with Battery Management System (BMS), which helps for safer operation and improving longevity. Generally, the monitoring happens at module (a group of cells) level and predicts overall health of battery. In this disclosure, the...

A torque maintenance device that is adapted to a mid-drive unit has a sensor unit and a control unit to control the operations of an electric bicycle. The sensor unit includes a tilt sensor 130, a current sensor, a first cadence sensor 122 and a rotary cadence sensor 124. The control unit receives an assist level se...