DESC:-: Complete Specification

”Reusable cold pack”

Cross references to related applications: This complete specification is filed further to application for patent No. 201941033763 filed on 22-September-2020 with provisional specification, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety, by reference.

Field of the invention
This invention relates generally to devices adapted to provide reduced temperatures required while treating injuries and / or managing pain. Disclosures provided hereinunder detail a portable device characterized in inventively enclosing a specific chemical system that allows instant realization of reduced temperatures for aforementioned use, further particularly therein on a reusable basis.

Background of the invention and description of related art
Application of reduced temperatures (also termed as cold therapy or cryotherapy) is an established medical practice used by physicians, trainers and sports coaches for treatment and pain relief in event of limb injuries as well as sprained muscles. Application of reduced temperatures is sought after in such applications as it desensitizing nerve endings and slows blood flow, which in turn reduces swelling, pain, and further damage to the affected body part. Use of cold therapy has also been observed to slow absorption of poisons and venoms, hence effective in cases of snake bite or otherwise infusion of poisonous agents.

Typically, cold therapy is implemented via applying ice, or better a cold pack, to the affected body part. State of art provides a variety of cold packs which are basically impervious bags having a chemical mixture sealed therein, which mixture is capable of reacting in an endothermic manner, to thereby realize reduced temperatures in and to immediate vicinity of the body part to which said cold pack is applied.

Cold packs available today are known to subscribe one among two varieties, wherein a first variety relies on mixing of two or more chemicals capable of reacting with a positive enthalpy (endothermic effect), and the second variety relies upon an agent (such as a gel) that can imbibe and so then impart cooling effect from an external source of cooling, respectively to the site of application. The second variety is reusable, but cannot be alienated from periodic access to a refrigeration facility, hence inapplicable for on-field use. The first variety is suited for on-field use, hence preferred as a portable self-standing cold pack. Typical frigorific mixtures include combinations of sodium acetate, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate, potassium iodide, calcium chloride, and ammonium nitrate which result in a marked reduction of temperature upon addition of water.

A brief survey of prior art reveals various embodiments of such cold packs to exist as documented in the patent references US2898744, US4986076, US4462224, US3763622, US3874504, US3545230 and so on. These devices are capable of provisioning cold therapy, the need for an improved device for said use yet persists majorly because the hitherto reported devices are not perfect and leave a lot to be desired when it comes to-

a) Fast activation for prompt / instantaneous reduced temperatures;

b) Prolonged maintenance of reduced temperatures;

c) Flexibility to allow efficient application of reduced temperatures to site of use;

d) Non-elimination of access to a refrigeration facility;

e) Cost of manufacturing, use and disposal; and

f) Reusability / recyclability for cold therapy

Therefore, prior art, to the limited extent presently surveyed, does not list a single effective solution embracing all considerations mentioned hereinabove, thus preserving an acute necessity-to-invent for the present inventors who therefore, as result of their focused research, have come up with a novel solution for resolving all needs of the art once and for all.

Work of the presently named inventor/s, specifically directed against the technical problems recited hereinabove and currently part of the public domain including earlier filed patent applications, is neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosures.

A better understanding of the objects, advantages, features, properties and relationships of the present invention will be obtained from the following detailed description which sets forth an illustrative yet-preferred embodiment.

Objectives of the present invention
The present invention is identified in addressing at least all major deficiencies of art discussed in the foregoing section by effectively addressing the objectives stated under, of which:

It is a primary objective to provide a cold pack which helps in achievement of reduced temperatures in a quick manner.

It is another objective further to the aforesaid objective(s) that the cold pack so provided is capable of fast activation for prompt / instantaneous achievement of reduced temperatures and isreusable for said function.

It is another objective further to the aforesaid objective(s) that the cold pack so provided is capable of prolonged maintenance of reduced temperatures.

It is another objective further to the aforesaid objective(s) that the cold pack so provided is sufficiently dimensioned and pliable enough to allow efficient application of reduced temperatures at the site of intended use.

It is another objective further to the aforesaid objective(s) that the cold pack so provided ameliorates the access to a refrigeration facility for patients in need of repeated cold therapy.

It is another objective further to the aforesaid objective(s) that the cold pack so provided is easy to use even for a layman.

It is another objective further to the aforesaid objective(s) that the cold pack so provided is easy to manufacture, use and dispose, therein being totallyenvironmentally safe.
The manner in which the above objectives are achieved, together with other objects and advantages which will become subsequently apparent, reside in the detailed description set forth below in reference to the accompanying drawings and furthermore specifically outlined in the independent claim 1. Other advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

Brief description of drawings
The present invention is explained herein under with reference to the following drawings, in which,

FIGURE 1A illustrates construction of the cold pack of the present invention, showing the internal compartmentalization for storage of reactants therein.

FIGURE 1B illustrates construction of the cold pack of the present invention, showing the ultrasonic band seal therein.

FIGURE 1C illustrates construction of the cold pack of the present invention, showing the peel seals separating the reactant chambers therein.

FIGURE 1D illustrates construction of the cold pack of the present invention, showing a pouch of aqueous solvent encapsulated by a peel-seal.

FIGURE 2 (a to c) showcases steps by which the cold pack of the present invention may be used.

FIGURE 3 is a graph illustrating temperature profile exhibited when the cold pack proposed herein is activated.

FIGURE 4 is a graph illustrating temperature profile exhibited when the cold pack proposed herein is activated for the first time.

FIGURE 5 is a photograph showing the cold packs of the present invention while being tested with NI DAQ/ Thermocouples.

FIGURE 6A is a graph comparing the performances of the instant cold pack, reusable cold pack of the present invention and a commercially available cold pack.
FIGURE 6B is a graph comparing the performances of the instant cold pack, reusable cold pack of the present invention and a commercially available cold pack.

FIGURE 7 is a graph illustrating performance of the reusable cold pack across 50 use cycles and tested at 25oC.
FIGURE 8 is a graph illustrating performance of the instant cold pack tested at 25oC

FIGURE 9 is a graph illustrating performance of the cold pack in 35 successive cycles of usage.

FIGURE 10A is a graph illustrating performance of the reusable cold pack in a dental application.

FIGURE 10B is a schematic illustration of the manner in which the cold pack of the present invention may be applied to jaw of a dental patient for soothing of pain / swelling.

FIGURE 10C is another schematic illustration of the manner in which the cold pack of the present invention may be applied to jaw of a dental patient for soothing of pain / swelling.

FIGURE 10A is an illustration of the cold pack of the present invention made in a form conforming to a circular or elliptical geometry.

FIGURE 10B is an illustration of the cold pack of the present invention made in a wrap or ribbon form.

The above drawings are illustrative of particular examples of the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope thereof. The drawings are not to scale (unless so stated) and are intended for use solely in conjunction with their explanations in the following detailed description. In above drawings, wherever possible, the same references and symbols have been used throughout to refer to the same or similar parts. Though numbering has been introduced to demarcate reference to specific components in relation to such references being made in different sections of this specification, all components are not shown or numbered in each drawing to avoid obscuring the invention proposed.
Statement of the invention
The present invention establishes a cold pack capable of provisioning instant realization of reduced temperatures during first instance of use and there subsequently is capable of being reused reiteratively for provision of cold temperatures. This dual functionality is enabled by a specific combination of chemicals and their packaging in different compartments of the pack with peel seals separating the reactant chambers. When actuated by shaking, the compartmental boundaries within the pack open / rupture, thereby causing the chemicals held within to mix with each other and ensue an endothermic reaction, thereby leading to spontaneous reduction of temperature. Once the reaction completes, the chemistry of resultant products allows repeated reuse of the cold pack, provided the pack is subjected to freezing prior to each instance of reuse of said cold pack.

Attention of the reader is now requested to the detailed description to follow which narrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention and such other ways in which principles of the invention may be employed without parting from the essence of the invention claimed herein.

Detailed description
Principally, the disclosures herein are directed towards construction, chemical makeup, and protocol for using a reusable cold pack which is portable, reusable besides exhibiting instantaneous activation and other advantageous attributes found lacking in hitherto-known prior art.

The accompanying FIGURE 1A is a cross-sectional illustration of construction of the reusable cold pack of the present invention. The reusable cold pack proposed herein comprises two layers, first comprising a liquid held in a pouch made of polyethylene or polypropylene material, and a second being an outer contact pack made of polycarbonate, polypropylene. The aforementioned two layers are packed in turn inside a multilayered air-impermeable pack made of polycarbonate, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene. The second layer and outer air-impermeable pack, in some embodiments, may be metalized or otherwise (non- metalized variants) depending on product specifications adopted. It shall be generally understood that aforementioned reactants themselves within the pouch are separated by one or more cells hosting one or more individual reactants. It shall be appreciated that selection of materials for containment is undertaken with due consideration to good moisture resistance, good puncture and flex crack resistance over a wide range of temperatures and temperature cycling.

In a foundational aspect, the applicant named herein proposes the usage of polyionic polymer compounds in a cold pack formulation format to enable conformal nature on usage to the cold pack along with a temperature retention capacity. Accordingly, polyionic compounds having specific heat of 2 to 4 times the specific heat of polar compounds are used to enable temperature (cold) retention capacity as well as to enable re-usability.

The choice, concentration, order of addition of chemicals while constituting the cold pack, and combination of chemicals in different cells provision together result in that effect of cooling is spontaneous, that is, entropy at the end of the reaction is greater than that of enthalpy, and control of temperature is possible over a required range for which the cold pack proposed herein is designed for.

Chemistry underlying the present invention has its basis in the choice of primary materials being molecules capable of forming hydrogen bonds and having hydrogen atoms which are covalently bonded to highly electronegative elements like oxygen, nitrogen and Fluorine. This kind of arrangement gives rise to dipole moments and enable in hydrogen bonding and interactions with polar materials like water, alcohols and their mixtures. These interactions are predominantly endothermic based on the polar interactions. For example, materials are chosen so that the enthalpy of the reactant mixture after the above interactions is between 12 to 30 kJ/mol.

Overall temperature decrease on activation of the cold pack (allowing above materials exhibiting dipole moments to interact with polar materials) can be calculated using the formula-

Delta (H)= (m*C* delta (T) for the overall mixture) …………… (1)

For an instant pack for Eg. Interaction of molecule with molecular weight of 60 and a delta H on interaction with a polar material and hydrogen bonding of 17 kJ/mol along with a first group salt (Say for eg: KCl) with delta H of 17.3kJ/mol, we get a temperature difference / drop of 29 oC for a 180 g cold pack with proportions (Primary reactant: Salt: Poly-ionic polymer Polar compound :: 36:14:5.5:44.5 percent by mass of materials used )

In the preferred embodiment hereof as seen in the accompanying Figures 1B, and 1C, the cold pack is a chamber based design with individual reactant chambers separated by weak peel seals which break open on added stress and enable mixing of reactants held therein.The cold pack has an external ultrasonic band seal to contain the materials within. Chemicals (001), (003), and (004) are placed in a cell and material (002) is placed separately in another cell within the cold pack.In another embodiment hereof seen in Figure 1D, the polar aqueous reactant is encapsulated inside the cold pack. The small chamber inside the cold pack pouch is made by peel seal in order to enable its breakage under stress and thereby allowing reaction to proceed as described earlier.

As chemical 2 mixes with the remainder of the contents of the pouch, endothermic reaction sets in, thereby readying the reusable cold pack of the present invention for use. In an alternative configuration, chemicals 2, 3 are placed in a single cell and 3, 4 in another cell. In yet another configuration, a matrix of chemical 4 is provided, and materials 1, 3 are included with material 2 in another cell. For a single use/ instant pouch, elements 1-3 form a majority of the composition with possibly trace elements of element 4. In the reusable cold pack proposed herein, composition of material 4 by mass could be from 5 to 15 % of overall mass of the cold pouch. Furthermore, shapes and sizes of cells can be changed and chosen to keep chemicals separated before the reaction and enable easy mixing to quickly initiate their reaction.

According to an isolated exemplary embodiment hereof, the cold pack proposed herein is made with a weight percent of 35, 15, 6 and 44 percent of reactants (001 to 004 respectively), therein namely a nitrogenous dipole compound, 1st group salt with high mobility, polyionic polymers and polar compounds respectively. Mixed in the same order as displayed, cold pack provides a lowest of around 6oC and a decrease in temperature of around 29oC.The chosen materials have positive enthalpies of around 17 kJ/mol for both nitrogenous compound with dipole and the salt and the polyionic polymer having a specific heat thrice that of water to hold the temperature for a long duration.

According to another aspect hereof, the packing weight of chemicals and dimensions of the cold pack proposed herein may be altered as per suitability for different applications. A preferred embodiment includes 180 g of total weight of chemicals, and the cold pack having dimensions of 21 cm (length) x 11 cm (breadth) with a band seal thickness of 0.5 cm. As said before, the sizes can vary depending on the intended application scenarios anywhere from 5 cm x 5 cm to a 31 cm x 31 cm.

Consequent to the format of packaging mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the cold pack proposed herein is used by following a specific protocol wherein it is first squeezed to break the pouches for admixing of chemicals in step (a), then shaken to distribute reactants throughout the pouch in step (b) and applied to site of use in step (c). Chemicals in outer pack are activated upon bursting of chemicals in the inner pouch and convert into a gel form (hence the cold pack retains flexibility) upon first-time use. For reuse, the cold pack proposed herein needs only to be put in freezer for 30 minutes to allow it to be reused multiple times. It is important to note that the reusable cold pack disclosed herein functions as a conventional endothermic effect pack while being used for the first time and thereafter as a conventional gel-based cold pack, hence reusable many times over as desired for cold therapy applications.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the chemicals provided in the reusable cold pack of the present invention are zoned as shown in FIGURE 1, and identified as per Table 1 below-

Zone Materials Preferred Materials Composition ranges
(% mass)
001 Amides and nitrogen containing compounds Preferably chosen for interactions and reactions with the required hydrophilic and hydrophobic heads/ tails appropriately 25-45
002 Polar compounds Water etc 30-55
003 Salts of Group IA or IIA metals Hygroscopic materials salts preferably 5-20
004 Polyionic polymers Preferably hydrophilic chains held together by cross links 0-15

Table 1

Experimental validations-
The present invention has been reduced to practice by the present inventors, and found to efficiently reproduce intended results showcased in the graphs at FIGURE 3 and FIGURE 4, which collectively support objectives of this invention being met, via salient features being exhibited and retained over initial endothermic cooling and several refreezing cycles

Performance of the cold pack proposed herein has been experimentally validated by the applicant named herein via the following trial designs-

Validation trial 1- To prove that the cold pack works as per ANSI standard (ANSI Z308.1-2015,Table 1: Classes Of First Aid Kits & Required Supplies), the cold pack proposed herein was subjected to testing with NIDAQ + bundled software for acquisition with a thermocouple inside and on top/ outside of said cold pack. FIGURE 5 is a photograph showing the cold packs of the present invention while being tested with NI DAQ/ Thermocouples. Also, observations of this trial undertaken on the instant and reusable variants of the cold pack proposed herein, are presented in the tables below.

Instant Pack (size: 4.3” X 8.3”)
# Thermocouple Minutes after activation (°C)
< 1 5 15 30 45 60
1 Inside 3.08 4.05 7.06 10.43 12.07 14.52
Outside 7.31 6.87 9.01 12.03 14.24 15.94
2 Inside 2.6 3.79 7.16 10.89 13.4 15.39
Outside 6.04 5.72 7.86 11.25 13.5 15.36
3 Inside 1.85 2.35 5.66 9.42 11.83 13.83
Outside 4.95 5.07 7.8 10.75 13.07 14.92

Table 2

Reusable Pack (size: 4.3” X 8.3”)
# Thermocouple Minutes after activation (°C)
< 1 5 15 30 45 60
1 Inside 3.42 2.05 3.73 6.48 8.79 10.89
Outside 4.42 2.81 3.66 6.17 8.44 10.44
2 Inside 7.32 4.22 6.33 9.12 11.24 13.03
Outside 6.32 3.43 4.96 7.71 10.16 11.98
3 Inside 2.89 6.21 10.3 12.45 14.04 15.48
Outside 8.28 8.44 12.37 14.95 16.44 17.57

Table 3

Validation trial 2- The cold pack proposed herein was found to be consistent in its performance, across 35 cycles of use. FIGURE 9 is a graph illustrating performance of the cold pack in these 35 successive cycles of usage.

FIGURE 6 contains two graphs at 6A and 6B (after 60 h in a freezer at -15 oC for 60 h) comparing the performances of the instant cold pack, reusable cold pack of the present invention and a commercially available cold pack. FIGURE 7 is a graph illustrating performance of the reusable cold pack across 50 use cycles and tested at 25oC.FIGURE 8 is a graph illustrating performance of the instant cold pack tested at 25oC, which all show that the cold pack of the present invention scores well above said peer product in the art. For these comparative studies, the form factors and mass details of both the cold packs were-
a) Gel based Commercial Cold pack - Dimensions: 25 cm X 11 cm; Weight: 276 grams; and
b) Cold pack of this invention: Dimensions: 21 cm X 11 cm; Weight: 183 grams

The reader shall appreciate that the cold pack proposed herein, in alternative embodiments, may be made in geometries difference than the one mentioned in the preceding narration. For example, FIGURE 10A is an illustration of the cold pack of the present invention made in a form conforming to a circular or ellipsoidal geometry. Here, the circular or ellipsoidal patch has dimensions(x, y, z) varying from (50 mm, 50 mm, 3mm) to (250 mm, 250 mm, 20 mm). Similarly in a further embodiment depicted in the accompanyingFIGURE 10B, the cold pack of the present invention is made in a wrap or rectangular ribbon form of length, breadth and thicknesses in (50 mm, 100 mm, 2 mm) to (100 mm, 1000 mm, 3 mm).

Field trials for industrial utility -
The cold pack provided herein is capable of being used in various cryotherapy applications including Neurological conditions such as stroke, Orthopaedic conditions such as frozen shoulder, Tendonitis and others, Post Surgical Care – Knee Replacement surgeries, alleviation of Acute injuries, body recovery from trauma / pain / swelling, body evaluation / monitoring, and body repair. Physiotherapists may recommend the cold pack provided herein for sports Injuries, joint replacements, shoulder and neck pain, knee pain, neuro rehab, pregnancy and postpartum rehab, lower-back pain, geriatrics rehab and stroke.

The cold pack proposed herein has been tested on field in a dental setup, for pain management, wherein patients having tooth pain / gum surgery / tooth extraction procedures / root canal procedures / periodontal surgeries / reconstructive surgical operations were provided to use the cold pack proposed herein. FIGURE 10A is a graph illustrating performance of the cold pack in this application.

FIGURE 10B is a schematic illustration of the manner in which the cold pack of the present invention may be applied with help of a wrap / sling for localized cold delivery, to jaw of a dental patient, primarily for usage in Maxillo-facial and dental procedures and typically to reduce pain, provide comfort and reduce swelling during root canals, extractions an post-operative procedures. As shown in this drawing, a bandage / gauze / strip of fabric may be used to hold the cold pack in place, in vicinity of the location at which cold temperature is to be applied. Otherwise, the cold pack may simply be held in place by hand. FIGURE 10C is a schematic illustration of the manner in which the cold pack of the present invention may be applied to jaw of a dental patient for soothing of pain / swelling. Here, it is intended to provide a pre-formed elastic headband having the cold pack permanently / releasably attached at one side, so as so allow the patient to wear the assembly over his / her head in manner of a stereo headset, and whereby the cold pack is brought into and therein held in place, in vicinity of the location at which cold temperature is to be applied.

Construction of the wrap / sling arrangement described in the preceding paragraph comprises three layers –a layer of dry/soft fabric to minimize condensation and dripping, a slot for holding the cold pack, and a band / strap to hold it with the head and appropriate cold pack conformity to hold to jaw, face region as required.

In another embodiment, a compliant version of the wrap / sling arrangement described in the preceding paragraph is intended, which has similar temperature specification and an option to hold a reusable cold pack and a comfortable antifungal fabric along with a single compliant head attachment. As the reader can appreciate, the advantage in this design is that it is a single piece design made of a compliant mechanism to enable free jaw movement on the side if maxilla facial procedures are performed or preferential movement of the lower jaw incase of upper tooth extractions. Movement of whole of the jaw is not restricted by design with a complaint mechanism.

From the foregoing narration, an able portable and reusable device that allows instant realization of reduced temperatures for cold therapy is thus provided with improved functionality, durability and long service life than any of its closest peers in state-of-art, which is furthermore typified in meeting all objectives stated above, and also that achievement of low temperatures is possible quickly, Soft and comfortable feel is provided due to proper selection of packaging materials, sharp-edge or wrinkle-free materials, and choice of densities of materials tuned appropriately; and the cold pack design has good conformity to the surfaces being cooled.

As will be realized further, the present invention is capable of various other embodiments and that its several components and related details are capable of various alterations, all without departing from the basic concept of the present invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description will be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive in any form whatsoever. Modifications and variations of the system and apparatus described herein will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Such modifications and variations are intended to come within ambit of the present invention, which is limited only by the appended claims. ,CLAIMS:1] An instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack comprising-

a) a pouch made of material chosen between polyethylene or polypropylene, characterized in having compartments for discrete storage of reactants;

b) an outer contact pack made of a material chosen between polycarbonate and polypropylene; and

c) a multilayered air-impermeable pack made of a material chosen among polycarbonate, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene to encapsulate the pouch and the outer contact pack.

Characterized in that said pack provides for instant realization of reduced temperatures during first instance of use and there subsequently is capable of being reused reiteratively for provision of cold temperatures.

2] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer contact pack and the multilayered air-impermeable pack are selected between metalized and non metalized variants.

3] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compartments within the pouch areseparated by weak peel seals which is designed to break open on added stress, as introduced by actuation, by either between squeezing and shaking of the cold pack, to thereby allow mixing of the reactants held therein.

4] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pouch has an ultrasonic band seal for effective containment of the reactants held therein.

5] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reactants include a first fraction of polyionic compounds, and a second fraction of polar compounds of a selection characterized in that the fraction of polyionic compounds has a specific heat of 2 to 4 times the specific heat of polar compounds.

6] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claims 1 and 5, wherein the polar reactants are contained within a small chamber within the pouch and encapsulated by a peel-seal designed to break open on added stress, as introduced by actuation, by either between squeezing and shaking of the cold pack, to thereby allow mixing of the reactants held therein.

7] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reactants include-

a) Amides and nitrogen containing compounds chosen for interactions and reactions with the required hydrophilic and hydrophobic heads/ tails appropriately;

b) Polar compound, being water in particular;

c) Salts of Group IA or IIA metals, hygroscopic materials and their salts in particular; and

d) Polyionic polymers, characterized in having hydrophilic chains held together by cross links.

8] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claims 1 and 7, wherein the reactants are stored within the pouch in a format ranging from that each reactant is enclosed within a separate compartment, to any combination of the reactants being separately compartmentalized in two or more total number of compartments.

9] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold pack is dimensioned to assume arectangular geometry characterized in having dimensions rangingfrom 5 cm x 5 cm to a 31 cm x 31 cm construction, and particularly made to have a length of 21 cm and breadth of 11 cm with a band seal thickness of 0.5 cm.
10] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold pack is dimensioned to assume arectangular or ribbon shaped geometry characterized in having length, breadth and thicknesses ranging between (50 mm, 100 mm, 2 mm) to (100 mm, 1000 mm, 3 mm).

11] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold pack is dimensioned to assume an ellipsoidal or circular geometry characterized in having (x, y, z) dimensions ranging between (50 mm, 50 mm, 3mm) to (250 mm, 250 mm, 20 mm).

12] The instantaneous and there-subsequently reusable cold pack as claimed in claims 1 and any one of the claims 9, 10 or 11, wherein the total packing weight of the reactants is 180 grams.