Claims:WE CLAIM
1. This is a unique and first system in the world having up to 32 acoustics sensors on a single array for gunshot detection. This provides a best accuracy of complete 360 degrees in both azimuthal and elevation through only single array mast.
2. PARTH utilizes an original innovation method and its compositions for Omni-directional passive sensing with polyhedral array shape which is not limited by classical tetrahedral array shape to derive intelligence.
3. This system is a single mast system which is unique as it estimates complete 360 degrees with its own sensor data correlations without using multiple arrays for triangulations unlike other solution available in global market with solutions offered by deploying many sensor masts to be placed at different distances all along the conflict area in the beginning itself to decipher the intelligence.
4. As stated in claim 3 which is a capability that PARTH can be deployed in any unchartered area without needing any other array to perform.
5. This system uses strong Artificial Intelligence embedded within to find out the direction of Muzzle Blast despite it is severely corrupted due to echo that prevail in mountain and jungles which is a unique thing of this system.
6. This Invented instrument performs well in all the terrains like Open Field, Baffle Firing Ranges, Hinterland and Urban Areas.
7. It presents the direction of the gunshot of an incoming fire within ± 2° angular accuracy and eliminates the ambiguity of the mistake by eliminating 356 degrees of unwanted areas.
8. This invented instrument automatically computes the bullet velocity and caliber by evaluation of the shockwave intercepts received by the acoustic sensors.
9. This invented instrument computes the mis-distance of the bullet from the instrument and height of the bullet passing above the ground accurately based upon the acoustic signatures of shock wave intercepted by the sensor mast and its inherent correlations.
10. This system has its own weather station for accurate estimation of sound velocity in that climate. The sound velocity is subject to change with change of temperature and humidity. These measurements compensate for the atmospheric deviations to extract correct intelligence.
11. Claim no 7 to 10 are all necessary in estimating the correct firing distance of the incoming gunshot.
12. This system has its own Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) for complete situational awareness comprising of Digital Magnetic Compass (DMC), GPS/INDIAN NAVIC geo positioning localizer, Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Temperature and Humidity Sensors.
13. This system has real time tilt compensation for the orientation of PARTH sensor MAST and its display unit this is done by accurate orientation/inclination measurement and its respective compensation for any deviation in the Roll, Pitch or Yaw is corrected.
14. This instrument has been designed to stand on more than 3 legs in contrast to the tripods which are unstable. Our infrastructure variant can be tilted till 60 degrees without falling which is an advantage over tripod mounted fragile designs. Often it is difficult to find a horizontally flat surface on the ground in the real battle field environment.
15. This Instrument has extremely efficient electronics that draws even less than 1 W of power despite using 32 acoustic sensors and associated electronics and embedded circuitries. It draws this power from the host computer’s USB interface where it sends the intelligence to be presented on the computer screen via the same USB port.
16. AUTO ADAPTION to different environments is the key unique feature of PARTH system, where in other available systems needs to be MANUALLY switched to different environments like Open Field, Urban or Mountain for their performance of the possible gunshot detection. PARTH’s AI module is smart enough to tackle all these settings automatically so that Soldier should focus on the battle field operations rather than doing manual settings for different scenarios.
17. AUTO ADAPTION to various Caliber is another key unique feature of PARTH system, where in other foreign systems need to be MANUALLY Selected with BALASTICS CURVES for any specific weapon. PARTH’s AI module is smart enough to tackle all these identifications automatically so that Soldier should focus on the battle field operation rather than doing manual settings for calibers.
18. This instrument points to subsonic weapons firing like 9mm pistols and 12 bore guns.
19. This instrument points to direction of explosives of IEDs and Grenades blasts.
20. This instrument has a potential to decipher other larger weapons and their ammunitions like Rockets, Artillery and Mortar (RAM) based upon the acoustics intercepts.
21. This instrument has potential to decipher the long-range incoming sniper fires based upon acoustics intercepts.
22. This instrument also has potential for integration with electro-optics and Gun Cuing systems.
, Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
[001] This invention relates to Applied Physics of Gunshot Acoustics, Applied Analog, Digital and Embedded Electronics along with Computer Softwares.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[002] Soldiers who are serving in line of fire are always at higher risk. Hostile fire is a real challenge faced by soldiers during any attacks because the soldiers are unable to know the direction of incoming gunshot fire, due to very loud multipath echoing sounds generated from small arms weapons like Ak-47, INSAS etc as the shock wave of sonic cone of a passing supersonic bullet with high muzzle velocities of over 700m/s for 7.62mm, 5.56mm calibers along with gunshot's loud muzzle blasts.
[003] The situations become worst in jungle warfare, places of hinterland, urban warfare, especially foggy weather and during night times when the visibility is literally blinded. Enemy capitalizes this opportunity in carrying out a surprise attacks with large damages occurring in our security premises.
[004] In event of any hostile supersonic gunshot fire, there are three distinct conflict zones which can be designated as Near Field Zone, Mid Field Zone and Far Field Zone based up on weapon caliber and muzzle velocity.
[005] In general, the Near Field conflict Zone extends to about 300m radial distance all around the gunshot origin. The estimation of gunshot direction is nearly impossible to decipher from human ears in this zone more specifically in the direction of fire as the entire area gets filled with loud multipath echoes and reverberations.
[006] The radial conflict zone spanning between 300m to 600m distance from the firing origin are called Mid Field Zones and are comparatively easier and the direction of firing can be guessed with a band of error by human ears.
[007] The places which are more than 600m distance from the origin of fire are easier to understand and can be guessed with some degrees of error.
[008] Due to these 3 distinct zones where the complexity keeps on increasing as one approaches towards the conflict zone. In short, the near field zones present the maximum challenge and certainly needs right instruments that can discriminate the direction of fire despite loud multipath echoes of shock wave and muzzle blasts.
[009] In absence of these intelligence, all the counterattack neutralizing operations are delayed till any visible signature is ascertained for which often soldiers are physically subjected in line of fire which are lethal propositions.
[0010] This problem is being attempted by many foreign countries in the last few decades where in acoustics sensor arrays are mostly used in Tetra-hederal shape to gather the gunshot intelligence during the firing event to discriminate the direction of gun fire. Mostly, either just 4 or only 7 sensors, are deployed for this purpose but this method is more erroneous as the facing sensors have to discriminate gunshots in 3 sectors of typically 120° in 3D which leaves them with poorer resolutions. This limitation further gets worsened due to tripod kind of highly unstable platforms of their deployments.
[0011] Very often tetra hederal instruments are deployed in multiple numbers in form of constellations to dig out their intelligences by triangulations of at least 3 masts listening the same event simultaneously. This is a big limitation and often challenge in a real scenario that fails to operate in any unchartered areas of deployments.
[0012] PARTH came up with a unique design for the first time which has clear advantage over the rest of the world. PARTH array which is just one Mast of multiple sensors that does not require triangulations of multiple arrays for intelligence extraction instead computes intelligence with correlation of acquired intelligence of all mounted sensors. A single Mast can resolve entire 360° angle in azimuth and elevation.
[0013] PARTH’s merit over the other world’s conventional design lies in its novelties of the incorporation of more numbers of sensors of the Acoustic Array with polyhedral design that yields higher resolution with multiple and dedicated narrow zone sensing for both azimuthal and elevation to obtain highest resolution. All the PARTH’s variants are rested on stable platforms of either 4 legs or mounted securely on Helmet which is necessary and advantageous for any territory.
[0014] This instrument deciphers the direction of subsonic weapons like 9mm pistols, 12 bore guns etc. along with explosives like IED, Hand Grenades etc. where only muzzle blast acoustics are received.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0015] This invented Instrument Senses, Computes and Discriminates accurate Azimuthal direction of gunshot fire origin by use of only single mast acoustic sensors Array, for resolving entire 360° directional coverage.
[0016] Estimation of Mis-distance and height of passing bullet from the ground.
[0017] Estimation of gunshot caliber.
[0018] Estimation of distance of gunshot from the instrument.
[0019] Estimation of Latitude and Longitude of gunshot fire origin for reconnaissance and quick neutralization.
[0020] Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is incorporated for complete local reference which incorporates GPS/NAVIC, Digital Magnetic Compass (DMC), Accelerometer, Gyroscope along with Temperature and Humidity measurements.
[0021] The intelligence is marked and presented with clear directionality for the user in terms of Angles and Clock Zones for an easy interpretation on a Graphical user interface showing Plan Position Indicator. This presents a complete situational awareness by integration of IMU intelligence.
[0022] State of art modern electronics is deployed in the instrument which is operating at extremely low power dissipations without sacrificing on high-speed acquisition and computation demands of the instrument.
[0023] It can point for Rockets, Artillery and Mortars (RAM). This can also be used for direction finding of Incoming Tank Fires, or short-range Anti-Tank, or Anti-Aircraft Missiles.
[0024] Three variants have been designed and developed which are a) PARTH INFRA, b) PARTH INFLITE and c) PARTH HEWOGLOS which are elaborated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 shows a scenario of gunshot incidents with simplest acoustics which involves two distinct directions of arrival of acoustic intercepts evolving out of Shock Wave (SW) and Muzzle Blast (MB) of a supersonic bullet.
[0026] Figure 2 shows the gun shot acoustic waves propagation model to relate the Angle of arrival (AOA) with intercepts of Acoustics Time of Arrivals (TOA) of Shock waves and Muzzle Blast waves.
[0027] Figure 3 shows PARTH “INFRA” system with its distributed sensors on ground plane and vertical mast.
[0028] Figure 4 shows the Graphical User Interface (GUI) screen features and facilities of PARTH.
[0029] Figure 5 shows PARTH “INFLITE” system with its sensor mast.
[0030] Figure 6 shows PARTH “HEWOGLOS” is a Helmet Worn Gunshot Locator System (HEWOGLOS) along with its wrist mount display.
[0031] Figure 7 shows block diagram of hardware sections of PARTH.
[0032] Figure 8(a) and 8(b) shows flowchart of PARTH’s software.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0033] The following description of embodiments are disclosures to explain the working methodology and composition of PARTH gunshot locator instrument. This description outlines all the important drawings related to the working of PARTH system and various scenarios of hardware and software functionality Architecture.
[0034] Figure 1 shows a typical gunshot scenario 100 in which a firer 101 fires a bullet 112 with a weapon 102 having supersonic projectile thrown towards a target 111 on the other side. Whenever a supersonic bullet 112 that travels faster than 350m/s then it generates sonic cone 105 and radiates shock wave 106 throughout its bullet path 104. This shock wave 106 is a loud sound which transmitted in all the direction from the bullet path 104 and hence a wrong direction of perception due to shock wave is felt at PARTH Array 108. This incidence is very fast as the bullet travels generally above 2 Mach’s and the PARTH system array 108 and its acoustics sensors 113 listen to it in the earliest phase. All the sensors 113 which are mounted on mast as well as on the ground plane report the intercept which is acquired and recorded in very high fidelity.
[0035] This shock wave 106 incident is closely followed by a Muzzle Blast Wave 107 which also emanates at the same time of the bullet firing from the barrel of the weapon 102 but this sound travels at normal sound velocity and reaches straight to the sensor.
[0036] PARTH system receives these intercepts of acoustics one behind the other based upon the positioning of PARTH array 108 at its distance from Firing Distance 109 and Mis-Distance 110 from the flying bullet 112.
[0037] In real life scenarios, there are multiple structures in the surroundings which reflect both Shock wave 106 and Muzzle Blast waves 107 in which the reflections are filtered out by the system. In such a loud noisy situation the sound of muzzle blast gets suppressed below the detectable hearing level of humans and massive confusion arises in Near Field zones during the attack’s scenario.
[0038] Figure 2 depicts the bullet 112 fired during firing of weapon 102 which shows acoustic waves propagation modelling 200. This model elaborates the Angle of arrival (AOA) of shockwave 202 due to sonic cone 105 and Angle of arrival of Muzzle Blast 201 and its computation by deciphering their relation with Time of Arrivals (TOA) of Shock waves 106 and Muzzle Blast 107 waves respectively.
[0039] The PARTH Array 108 is shown to have few horizontal and vertical acoustics sensors 113. Both shock wave 106 and Muzzle Blasts 107 intercept sequentially trigger these acoustics sensors 113 during their wave propagation while passing by the PARTH Array 108. The time delay of the subsequent triggers in the adjacent sensors known as Time Of Arrival (TOA) are directly linked with the Angle Of Arrival (AOA) and are following trigonometric sine function. Correlation of all these sensor intercepts point to the direction of weapon 102.
[0040] Figure 3 shows PARTH “INFRA” system consists of PARTH arrays 108 with its distributed acoustic sensors on ground plane 302 and vertical mast 303 in all the direction for entire 360° directional coverage.
[0041] PARTH “INFRA 100” system has an enclosure 301 which contains Motherboard 304, Radom for Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 305 along with Power and Data Communication Ports (PDCP) 306.
[0042] Figure 4 towards the left side shows the Computerized Graphical User Interface (GUI) 400 screen depicting Plan Position Indicator (PPI) 401 with may features and facilities offered on it.
[0043] In the First field towards the right side this GUI 400 screen displays Directional Information 402 shown in degrees, Zone Display 403 as simplified clock zones, Firer Distance Information 404 in meters, Clock time of event 405 & GPS display of shooter 406.
[0044] In the second field the GUI shows PARTH Sensor’s Geo Location and Orientation Display (PSGL-OD) 407. This also shows Geo-Mapping Interface Button (GMIB) 409.
[0045] In the third Field the Gunshot Historical statics 408 is shown which shows comprehensive data of specific or all past stored events for analysis.
[0046] This GUI presents a Detailed Gunshot data report generation button 410 which upon clicking generates historical reports of gun shots in the form of portable document file (PDF).
[0047] There is a feature of deleting all records also given to the user through delete button 411.
[0048] The user can shut down this application by pressing exit button 412.
[0049] Geographic north pointer 413 is shown in the PPI 401.
[0050] Firer pointer 414 is shown on the PPI 401.
[0051] Firer’s danger zone plotting 415 is marked on the PPI 401.
[0052] Historical events marking 416 is shown on the PPI 401.
[0053] Figure 5 shows PARTH “INFLITE” system with its sensor mast 500.
[0054] The Figure 5 shows “INFLITE” Enclosure 501 which houses Acoustic Sensors 113, Radom for IMU 305, Motherboard 304, Power and Data Communication Port 306.
[0055] This enclosure 501 is mounted on a vertical mast 502 with a stable ground supporting base 503.
[0056] Figure 6 shows PARTH “HEWOGLOS” system 600 which is a Helmet Worn Gunshot Locator System 601 (HEWOGLOS) mountable on helmet 603 along with its Wrist Mount Display Unit (WMDU) 602.
[0057] “HEWOGLOS” 600 houses Acoustic Sensors 113, Radom for IMU 305, Motherboard 304, Power and Data Communication Port 306.
[0058] Wrist Mount Display Unit (WMDU) 602 consists of Radom for IMU 305, Motherboard 304, HEWOGLOS Display 602, Plan Position Indicator PPI 401 along with it’s Motherboard 304.
[0059] Wrist Mount Display Unit (WMDU) 602 also features audio announcement port 604 with option to choose inbuilt speaker or external earphone.
[0060] Figure 7 shows block diagram of hardware sections 700 of PARTH.
[0061] This figure shows various sections that are elaborated in detail in this section below.
[0062] The working of PARTH Gunshot Locator 300, 500, 600 is based upon the very high-fidelity passive listening of the acoustics (106 and 107) in the conflict area 100 by use of specially chosen condenser electret microphones sensors 113 and signal processing electronics Motherboard 304.
[0063] The acoustic intelligence story so obtained on acoustic event trigger is digitized on the motherboard 304 by multiple sensors 113 array 108 which can be up to 32 in numbers using ultrafast Sigma Delta Analog to Digital Converters (SD-ADCs) 701 with simultaneous recording of all the tracks which are subjected to Real Time Digital Filter Engine (RTDFE) 702 along with Low Latency Filter (LLF) 703. These intelligences are further pushed to Wide Band Low Ripple Filter (WBLRF) 704 and processed with Offset, Gain and Phase Correction (OGPC) 705 in the processing and written to Acaustographic Memory (AM) 706.
[0064] These recording from multiple sensors 113 stored in Acaustographic Memory 706 are rapidly scanned among all combinations from the entire tracks for expected Gun Shot signatures by Embedded Intelligence Module (EIM) 707.
[0065] With 32 acoustics sensors 113 submitting their acoustic signatures in the Acaustographic memory 706, there are many combinations of various pairs of sensors that present the 3-dimensional Direction of Arrival (DOA) by identifying and reporting of multiple Angle of Arrival (AOA’s). A rapid electronic scan of the data when automatically gets analyzed with the help of Rapid Action Artificial Intelligence Module (RAAIM) 708 and computed with High Speed Acaustographic Computing Processing Unit (HSACPU) 709 along with real time data of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 710 with data processing done on High-Speed Scratch Random Access Memory (HSS-RAM) 711 extract the intelligence. The intelligence computed in High Speed Acaustographic Computing Processing Unit (HSACPU) 709 is encrypted before transmission in Computed Intelligence Encryption and Transmission Engine (CIE-TE) 712. This encoded intelligence is transmitted through Transmitter 713.
[0066] Receiver 714 receives the encoded signal and presents it to Intelligence Descriptor – Graphic Generation Module (ID-GGM) 715. The Intelligence Description – Graphic Generation Module (ID-GGM) 715 also compensates real time data from receivers Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) 710 and presents the human understandable intelligence as plotting on Plan Position Indicator (PPI) 401 (Figure 4) on Graphical User Interface 400 (Figure 4).
[0067] Figure 8 shows flowchart of PARTH’s software 800 chronology.
[0068] Figure 8(a) begins with powering on of the system 801 which initiates initialization and booting 802 as shown in the flow chart.
[0069] Complete system functionality checks 803 along with the sensors is performed.
[0070] PARTH System 300, 500, 600 starts scanning of the sensors for acoustic event 804.
[0071] If acoustic event is detected 805, then the PARTH system 300, 500, 600 starts Recording High Fidelity Acoustic Data Simultaneously 807 from all acoustics sensors 113 along with acquisition of Realtime IMU data 806.
[0072] If acoustic event is not detected 805, then keep on scanning the acoustics sensors 113.
[0073] After recording of the acoustic and all other sensor data figure 8(b) shows the flow further as mentioned below.
[0074] Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Acoustic Data Analyzer (AI-ADA) 808 churns out and identifies Shock wave 106 and Muzzle Blast 107 intelligence.
[0075] Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Ballistic Data Analyzer (AI-BDA) 809 churns out and identifies Ballistic characteristic of the projectile fire.
[0076] This is followed by computation 810 of final gunshot and other intelligence from the Acoustic Data Analyzer (AI-ADA) 808 and Ballistic Data Analyzer (AI-BDA) 809 intelligences.
[0077] The finally computed information’s are encrypted and transmitted to the PPI data terminals 811 in this process.
[0078] Upon receipt of encrypted data from previous stage via channel the intelligence is decrypted in this process 812 to recreate the intelligence in the human readable form.
[0079] After the intelligence is presented 812, decision may be taken either to turn-off the system 814 if yes then it will turn off the system 815.
[0080] Otherwise, it will keep the system ON 813 by looping back and returning to running by looping back to the scanning process 804.