DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to a hybrid solar inverter that solves the problem of paper back-up issue and excess power from solar feed to electrical utility.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, are becoming increasingly popular due to their environmental benefits and cost savings. However, a major challenge with solar power systems is that they are subject to intermittent power output due to changing weather conditions. Additionally, excess solar energy generated during the day cannot be stored efficiently, leading to wastage.
In order to overcome these challenges, hybrid solar inverters have been developed. These inverters combine the functions of a traditional solar inverter and a battery backup system. The battery backup system stores excess energy generated by the solar panels during the day and provides power during periods of low or no solar output, such as at night or during cloudy weather.
However, current hybrid solar inverters on the market still have certain limitations. One of the main issues is the paper backup problem, which refers to the requirement for a printed manual or set of instructions to be provided with the inverter in case of a power outage. This requirement is not only inconvenient, but it also increases the risk of the backup instructions being lost or damaged.
Another issue is the excess power feed to the electrical utility grid, which occurs when the solar panels generate more power than the household or business can consume. In some cases, this excess power can be sold back to the grid, but in others, it may be wasted.
Therefore, there is a need for a hybrid solar inverter that addresses both the paper backup issue and the excess power feed problem, while still providing reliable and efficient solar power. The present invention aims to fulfill this need by providing a novel hybrid solar inverter that offers significant advantages over existing systems. In the view of the forgoing discussion, it is clearly portrayed that there is a need to have a hybrid solar inverter to charge the battery bank either through Solar or Grid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure seeks to provide a hybrid solar inverter that solves the problem of paper back-up issue and excess power from solar feed to electrical utility using the solar power in case of insufficient load and no more space in battery to store the energy.

In an embodiment, a hybrid solar inverter system is disclosed. The system includes a solar panel array configured to generate direct current (DC) electrical power; a battery bank connected to store electrical power generated by the solar panel array; a grid connection to supply alternating current (AC) electrical power from an external grid; an inverter configured to convert DC power from the solar panel array and battery bank into AC power for supplying to a load and for feeding into the grid; a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar charger configured to maximize the power output from the solar panel array by dynamically adjusting the operating point of the solar panels; a bidirectional meter for measuring power fed into and drawn from the grid; a control unit for managing power flow between the solar panel array, battery bank, inverter, and grid connection, wherein the control unit gives preference to solar power for supplying the load and charges the battery bank, and utilizes grid power only when solar power is insufficient, and wherein said control unit operates in at least one of an interactive mode for power sharing between the grid and solar power, wherein when solar power is insufficient to meet the load and charge the battery, the grid supplies the necessary additional power; and a boost mode for charging the battery bank when solar power is within a specified operating range, wherein the battery is charged with maximum current until a predetermined voltage is reached, followed by constant voltage charging; and an anti-islanding detection mechanism for detecting grid failure by monitoring the frequency difference between the inverter output and the grid, wherein the MPPT solar charger involves a pulse width modulation (PWM) logic to adjust the duty cycle from 0% to 95%, storing the solar power and duty cycle values in a microcontroller, and dynamically adjusts the duty cycle to maintain maximum power output.

In another embodiment, the anti-islanding detection mechanism involves changing the inverter frequency to determine the presence or absence of grid supply by analyzing the zero-crossing difference between the mains and inverter, ensuring continuous operation during grid failure.

In another embodiment, the system includes a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) module for protecting the system from mains low cut and high cut, and for ensuring transformer protection from overload and overvoltage conditions, and an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module for limiting the charging and discharging current to and from the battery bank.

In another embodiment, the system operates in grid interactive mode, sharing power between the grid and solar to maintain battery charge and meet load requirements, and seamlessly transitioning between power sources based on availability and demand.

In another embodiment, the control unit includes a feature for zero changeover time during transition from grid to battery power and vice versa, achieved by synchronizing the inverter output with the mains supply, resulting in a changeover delay of less than 1 millisecond.

In another embodiment, the boost mode involves charging the battery with maximum current when solar power is within the specified operating range, and switching to constant voltage mode once the battery reaches a predetermined voltage.

In another embodiment, the MPPT solar charger includes a regular tracking method that changes the PWM duty cycle within a 2% range of the Maximum Power Point Voltage (Vmpp) every 2 seconds to maintain maximum power output, and wherein the MPPT solar charger includes a tracking method that adjusts the solar voltage over a 20% range every 5 minutes to find and maintain the voltage that provides maximum solar power output.

In another embodiment, the MPPT solar charger includes a tracking method that adjusts the PWM duty cycle from 0% to 95% every 30 minutes, calculating solar power for each duty cycle to maintain the duty cycle that provides maximum power.

In another embodiment, the system includes a transformer for stepping down voltage as required for various components within the system, ensuring optimal performance and protection of the components, and wherein the grid interactive mode allows for seamless power sharing between the solar power and grid, ensuring that the battery bank is charged and the load requirements are met even when solar power is insufficient.

In another embodiment, a method for operating a hybrid solar inverter system is described. The method includes of dynamically adjusting the operating point of the solar panel array to maximize power output using the MPPT solar charger, wherein the adjustment is based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) logic that varies the duty cycle from 0% to 95%; prioritizing solar power for supplying a load and charging the battery bank, and utilizing grid power only when solar power is insufficient to meet load requirements; sharing power between the grid and solar power in an interactive mode, wherein additional power required beyond solar capacity is supplied by the grid; charging the battery bank in boost mode when solar power is within a specified operating range, involving maximum current charging until a predetermined voltage is reached, followed by constant voltage charging; detecting grid failure by monitoring the frequency difference between the inverter output and the grid, ensuring continuous operation during grid failure, wherein a zero-changeover time is achieved during transitions between grid and battery power by synchronizing the inverter output with the mains supply, resulting in a changeover delay of less than 1 millisecond.

An object of the present disclosure is to provide the solar power in case of insufficient load and no more space in battery to store the energy.

Another object of the present disclosure is to provide the facility to charge the battery bank either through Solar or Grid.

Yet another object of the present invention is to deliver an expeditious and cost-effective Grid-interactive systems can convert solar-generated DC power into AC power.

To further clarify advantages and features of the present disclosure, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a hybrid solar inverter in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of a working method for hybrid solar inverter in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 3 illustrates Table 1 depicts technical specification in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Figure 4 illustrates Table 2 depicts critical component lists in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
Figure 5 illustrates Table 3 depicts certain specific values attributable in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 6 illustrates a block diagram for hybrid solar inverter system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 7 illustrates a flow chart for operating hybrid solar inverter system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

Reference throughout this specification to “an aspect”, “another aspect” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment”, “in another embodiment” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises...a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub-systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figure 1, a block diagram of a hybrid solar inverter is illustrated in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Utilized the solar power in case of insufficient load and no more space in battery to store the energy

Hybrid Solar inverter provides the facility to charge the battery bank either through Solar or Grid. The Hybrid Solar inverter always gives preference to the Solar Power and will use Grid power only when the Solar power/ Battery charge is insufficient to meet the load requirement. MPPT based solar charger extracts the maximum power from the solar panels whereby it increases the efficiency of the system.

Grid-interactive systems can convert solar-generated DC power into AC power that is then fed directly to the Grid in a synchronized & controlled manner. Whenever Battery is on a preset level or solar power more than excess solar power will be fed directly into the Grid, the feed power is measured by a Bi-directional meter. If at this Battery level, solar power is not sufficient to run the load, then required power will be shared from the grid. If solar power is not sufficient to charge the battery then charge sharing automatically occurs from the grid to maintain the battery bank at its set preset level.

If solar insufficient – sigma pcu share the require charging current from grid.
e.g.- Battery charging current requirement 20A and solar only provide 12A remaining 8A current taken by grid charger.

Function of MPPT- During export mode, charge controller has logic of tracking power by method of PWM logic. Change the duty cycle of charge controller from 0% to 95% of duty cycle and each step of duty cycle store solar power (Multiply the solar voltage & solar current) & duty cycle value in resister of microcontroller, after end of tracking check the value in resister of controller where is the maximum power. Then we maintain same duty cycle, and repeat same logic after 30 minutes.

Components- We are using SCR-SCR module (for mains low cut and high cut to protect the transformer for over load and over voltage limit), IGBT MODULE (For limit the charging and discharging current limit), Transformer (voltage step down), and breakers.

Interactive mode means – When we charge the battery as per set point value. Battery total Require power and output AC load require power sharing with grid and solar,
e.g.- if system charge the battery by 20A and that time battery voltage was 50v and AC out load run 3000watt it means 4000 watt power take from solar & grid, If solar power is insufficient, Grid interactive means grid charger and grid voltage work parallel .

Key Inventive feature- Zero change over time during tie mode from grid to battery and battery to grid,and second one , backup facility are available in grid interactive PCU, In normal PCU have not feature of grid interactive. In tie mode load can run continuous up to 200% of system rating.

When solar power get normal and within the specified operating range , solar charger get on and battery charge with Boost mode,(maximum current limit mode) , once battery voltage reach at specified voltage, solar charger the Battery in Constant voltage mode.

When Grid voltage get normal and within the specified operating range , grid charger get on in grid interactive mode and battery charge with Boost mode,(constant current logic) , once battery voltage reach at specified voltage, grid charger the Battery in Constant voltage mode, once battery current reduce at 20% of charging current limit grid charger cut off the charger till mains reset.

In the present invention, anti islanding tracking method has been developed. In this, the inverter frequency is changed when system work in tie mode to know about mains (Grid supply) available or absent, we are feeding more inverter drive pulse as require actual and find out the zero crossing different of mains and inverter, if we get inverter actual zero crossing then we understand the grid source failure. Whenever we get inverter and mains zero crossing is on same time it means grid supply is available .
During the Grid tie mode we are providing zero change over time, Because our inverter drive continues with the mains line whenever grid supply fails, only we have disconnected the mains supply line. so the inverter continues to turn on due to that no interruption in load side.
Batt to grid - max 1ms change over delay, reason in detail how we get 1ms change over time - When inverter is running on and mains get normal first we sink the mains voltage with inverter voltage then inverter get off @ 360* of sine and scr fire @ 0* of sine so in that condition we get change over time less than 1ms. The back up facility is available in the present invention.
As per solar panel specification , solar maximum power is available at Vmp point. So we change the PWM duty cycle from 25% to 95% and each of duty cycle of PWM. We calculate the power of solar at different voltages. After tracking we checked max power @ solar volt. Through PWM , we maintain the same duty cycle where we get the max solar power. and every 2 sec of period , we again and again track the solar power with in a 2% of Vmpp range, suppose we have found max solar power @ 100v then every 2 sec we change the solar voltage 98v to 102 volt if we get max power now 102v then maintain this volt 102 after 2 sec, again track the solar power from 100v to 104v , if now we get solar max power at 100v then maintain 100v for 2 sec. this is the regular tracking method, another tracking method , every 5 minutes we change the tracking length 20%, means we change solar voltage now 80v to 120v(Value we have taken for understanding the logic ) and check the solar power, in which solar voltage have maximum solar power and that solar voltage we archive by changing the PWM duty cycle.
Third tracking method , every 30 minutes we track 0 to 95% duty cycle of PWM and each and every pulse of PWM we calculate solar power by method of volt and current Multiplier.
When system is working in hybrid mode, Inverter output voltage and grid output voltage are in parallel, if grid frequency is 50hz, inverter frequency keep always main input frequency + 0.2Hz, and every cycle of sine wave It checks the inverter frequency, if inverter frequency observed equal to grid source frequency, that means grid source is available.
Second point observation would be – output frequency equal to inverter frequency it means grid source has failed, switch (SCR) turned off which connected to inverter output. Whenever main supply is available, at output side frequency would be grid Frequency i.e. 50Hz, if output frequency noticed 50Hz + 0.2Hz it means grid has failed.
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of a working method for hybrid solar inverter in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Hybrid Solar inverter is DSPic based Pure Sine Wave Design. Inbuilt in rMPPT charge controller. Grid Interactive facility for use excess solar energy. USB based communication, 30 days data logs inbuilt and AC & DC energy meter inbuilt. GSM/GPRS based remote monitoring & controlling (Optional). Having a user Friendly & Easily accessible LCD Display with all AC and DC Parameter Configurable by Display Switches & Digital LCD (20X4). User Friendly Control :- Output Voltage, Chg. Voltage - SPV/Grid, Chg. Current - SPV/Grid, Grid Reconnect, Batt. Low. Priority based working modes - Smart/PCU/Hybrid (for saving energy & money). Also having Grid Export Mode, NLSD, Grid Charging & IT Load - Enable/ Disable by Display Switch.
Hybrid Solar Inverter solves the problem of paper back-up issue and excess power from solar feed to electrical utility.

Figure 3 illustrates Table 1 depicts technical specification in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 4 illustrates Table 2 depicts critical component lists in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 5 illustrates Table 3 depicts certain specific values attributable in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Hybrid Solar Inverter provides Battery Back-up also it Tie with grid and excess solar power can be exported/fed into the grid. It also provides power back when the grid is not available. It is a marginal development change. Comparatively other technology Hybrid Solar Inverter Higher cost when installation.

Figure 6 illustrates a block diagram for hybrid solar inverter system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 includes a solar panel array 102 configured to generate direct current (DC) electrical power; a battery bank 104 connected to store electrical power generated by the solar panel array 102; a grid 106 connection to supply alternating current (AC) electrical power from an external grid; an inverter 108 configured to convert DC power from the solar panel array and battery bank into AC power for supplying to a load and for feeding into the grid; a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar charger 110 configured to maximize the power output from the solar panel array 102 by dynamically adjusting the operating point of the solar panels; a bidirectional meter 110 for measuring power fed into and drawn from the grid; a control unit 112 for managing power flow between the solar panel array, battery bank, inverter, and grid connection, wherein the control unit 112 gives preference to solar power for supplying the load and charges the battery bank, and utilizes grid power only when solar power is insufficient, and wherein said control unit 112 operates in at least one of an interactive mode for power sharing between the grid and solar power, wherein when solar power is insufficient to meet the load and charge the battery, the grid supplies the necessary additional power; and a boost mode for charging the battery bank when solar power is within a specified operating range, wherein the battery is charged with maximum current until a predetermined voltage is reached, followed by constant voltage charging; and an anti-islanding detection mechanism 114 for detecting grid failure by monitoring the frequency difference between the inverter output and the grid, wherein the MPPT solar charger 110 involves a pulse width modulation (PWM) logic to adjust the duty cycle from 0% to 95%, storing the solar power and duty cycle values in a microcontroller, and dynamically adjusts the duty cycle to maintain maximum power output.

In another embodiment, the anti-islanding detection mechanism 114 involves changing the inverter frequency to determine the presence or absence of grid supply by analyzing the zero-crossing difference between the mains and inverter, ensuring continuous operation during grid failure.

In another embodiment, the system 100 includes a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) module 116 for protecting the system from mains low cut and high cut, and for ensuring transformer protection from overload and overvoltage conditions, and an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module for limiting the charging and discharging current to and from the battery bank.

In another embodiment, the system 100 operates in grid interactive mode, sharing power between the grid and solar to maintain battery charge and meet load requirements, and seamlessly transitioning between power sources based on availability and demand.

In another embodiment, the control unit 112 includes a feature for zero changeover time during transition from grid to battery power and vice versa, achieved by synchronizing the inverter output with the mains supply, resulting in a changeover delay of less than 1 millisecond.

In another embodiment, the boost mode involves charging the battery with maximum current when solar power is within the specified operating range, and switching to constant voltage mode once the battery reaches a predetermined voltage.

In another embodiment, the MPPT solar charger 110 includes a regular tracking method that changes the PWM duty cycle within a 2% range of the Maximum Power Point Voltage (Vmpp) every 2 seconds to maintain maximum power output, and wherein the MPPT solar charger includes a tracking method that adjusts the solar voltage over a 20% range every 5 minutes to find and maintain the voltage that provides maximum solar power output.

In another embodiment, the MPPT solar charger 110 includes a tracking method that adjusts the PWM duty cycle from 0% to 95% every 30 minutes, calculating solar power for each duty cycle to maintain the duty cycle that provides maximum power.

In another embodiment, the system 100 includes a transformer 118 for stepping down voltage as required for various components within the system, ensuring optimal performance and protection of the components, and wherein the grid interactive mode allows for seamless power sharing between the solar power and grid, ensuring that the battery bank is charged and the load requirements are met even when solar power is insufficient.

Figure 7 illustrates a flow chart for operating hybrid solar inverter system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 200 includes:
Step 202 discloses about dynamically adjusting the operating point of the solar panel array to maximize power output using the MPPT solar charger, wherein the adjustment is based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) logic that varies the duty cycle from 0% to 95%;
Step 204 discloses about prioritizing solar power for supplying a load and charging the battery bank, and utilizing grid power only when solar power is insufficient to meet load requirements;
Step 206 discloses about sharing power between the grid and solar power in an interactive mode, wherein additional power required beyond solar capacity is supplied by the grid;
Step 208 discloses about charging the battery bank in boost mode when solar power is within a specified operating range, involving maximum current charging until a predetermined voltage is reached, followed by constant voltage charging;
Step 210 discloses about detecting grid failure by monitoring the frequency difference between the inverter output and the grid, ensuring continuous operation during grid failure, wherein a zero-changeover time is achieved during transitions between grid and battery power by synchronizing the inverter output with the mains supply, resulting in a changeover delay of less than 1 millisecond.

The drawings and the forgoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts necessarily need to be performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples. Numerous variations, whether explicitly given in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimension, and use of material, are possible. ,CLAIMS:1. A hybrid solar inverter system comprising:
a solar panel array configured to generate direct current (DC) electrical power;
a battery bank connected to store electrical power generated by the solar panel array;
a grid connection to supply alternating current (AC) electrical power from an external grid;
an inverter configured to convert DC power from the solar panel array and battery bank into AC power for supplying to a load and for feeding into the grid;
a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar charger configured to maximize the power output from the solar panel array by dynamically adjusting the operating point of the solar panels;
a bidirectional meter for measuring power fed into and drawn from the grid;
a control unit for managing power flow between the solar panel array, battery bank, inverter, and grid connection, wherein the control unit gives preference to solar power for supplying the load and charges the battery bank, and utilizes grid power only when solar power is insufficient, and wherein said control unit operates in at least one of an interactive mode for power sharing between the grid and solar power, wherein when solar power is insufficient to meet the load and charge the battery, the grid supplies the necessary additional power; and a boost mode for charging the battery bank when solar power is within a specified operating range, wherein the battery is charged with maximum current until a predetermined voltage is reached, followed by constant voltage charging; and
an anti-islanding detection mechanism for detecting grid failure by monitoring the frequency difference between the inverter output and the grid, wherein the MPPT solar charger involves a pulse width modulation (PWM) logic to adjust the duty cycle from 0% to 95%, storing the solar power and duty cycle values in a microcontroller, and dynamically adjusts the duty cycle to maintain maximum power output.
2. The hybrid solar inverter system of claim 1, wherein the anti-islanding detection mechanism involves changing the inverter frequency to determine the presence or absence of grid supply by analyzing the zero-crossing difference between the mains and inverter, ensuring continuous operation during grid failure.

3. The hybrid solar inverter system of claim 1, further comprising a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) module for protecting the system from mains low cut and high cut, and for ensuring transformer protection from overload and overvoltage conditions, and an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) module for limiting the charging and discharging current to and from the battery bank.

4. The hybrid solar inverter system of claim 1, wherein the system operates in grid interactive mode, sharing power between the grid and solar to maintain battery charge and meet load requirements, and seamlessly transitioning between power sources based on availability and demand.

5. The hybrid solar inverter system of claim 1, wherein the control unit includes a feature for zero changeover time during transition from grid to battery power and vice versa, achieved by synchronizing the inverter output with the mains supply, resulting in a changeover delay of less than 1 millisecond.

6. The hybrid solar inverter system of claim 1, wherein the boost mode involves charging the battery with maximum current when solar power is within the specified operating range, and switching to constant voltage mode once the battery reaches a predetermined voltage.

7. The hybrid solar inverter system of claim 1, wherein the MPPT solar charger includes a regular tracking method that changes the PWM duty cycle within a 2% range of the Maximum Power Point Voltage (Vmpp) every 2 seconds to maintain maximum power output, and wherein the MPPT solar charger includes a tracking method that adjusts the solar voltage over a 20% range every 5 minutes to find and maintain the voltage that provides maximum solar power output.
8. The hybrid solar inverter system of claim 1, wherein the MPPT solar charger includes a tracking method that adjusts the PWM duty cycle from 0% to 95% every 30 minutes, calculating solar power for each duty cycle to maintain the duty cycle that provides maximum power.

9. The hybrid solar inverter system of claim 1, further comprising a transformer for stepping down voltage as required for various components within the system, ensuring optimal performance and protection of the components, and wherein the grid interactive mode allows for seamless power sharing between the solar power and grid, ensuring that the battery bank is charged and the load requirements are met even when solar power is insufficient.

10. A method for operating a hybrid solar inverter system comprising a solar panel array, a battery bank, a grid connection, an inverter, and a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar charger, the method comprising:
dynamically adjusting the operating point of the solar panel array to maximize power output using the MPPT solar charger, wherein the adjustment is based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) logic that varies the duty cycle from 0% to 95%;
prioritizing solar power for supplying a load and charging the battery bank, and utilizing grid power only when solar power is insufficient to meet load requirements;
sharing power between the grid and solar power in an interactive mode, wherein additional power required beyond solar capacity is supplied by the grid;
charging the battery bank in boost mode when solar power is within a specified operating range, involving maximum current charging until a predetermined voltage is reached, followed by constant voltage charging; and
detecting grid failure by monitoring the frequency difference between the inverter output and the grid, ensuring continuous operation during grid failure, wherein a zero-changeover time is achieved during transitions between grid and battery power by synchronizing the inverter output with the mains supply, resulting in a changeover delay of less than 1 millisecond.