DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a field of charging devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to a Single-Phase Battery Charger for Testing Battery Health.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Batteries are used as the medium for storing charge faces breakdown after a certain time. Battery characteristics change with its age due to its operating environment, temperature, loading, charging, storage, and battery construction, which all contribute to the reduction of their state of health as well as available storage capability. Most common phenomena causing these effects are mechanical degradation of electrodes, growth of a solid electrolyte interface at the anode, electrolyte oxidation at the cathode and formation of a lithium metal layer at the anode. These phenomena contribute to increased internal resistance of the battery and lower battery capacity and performance.

One aspect of a rechargeable battery is the battery's charge current. This charge current is often expressed in relation to a C-rate to normalize against battery capacity. Most conventional battery chargers charge typical rechargeable batteries at C-rates in a range of about 1 C to 3 C. At a 1 C rate, a conventional battery charger will ideally charge a typical battery to substantially full charge in about 1 hour. At a 3 C rate, a conventional battery charger will ideally charge a typical battery to substantially full charge in about 20 minutes.
Recent advances in battery technology allow some batteries to be charged faster by applying more charge current to the battery. Some new batteries may also be charged at much higher C-rates, such as at a 10 C (or higher) rate.
Charging a battery with incorrect parameters may result in serious injury to people and/or property damage in the area surrounding the charging battery. To avoid accidents, it is critical that the battery parameters for the charger are correctly matched to each battery being charged and thus the parameters are to be scanned on a regular basis to determine health of the battery charger.

Quite some research has already been done in the field of battery state of health (SoH) estimation. Full Charge Capacity (FCC) is one of the better-known methods. It is a very time consuming method, as the battery needs to be completely discharged and again fully recharged for the information to be legitimate. The second widely used method is battery's internal impedance estimation. With this method mechanical and corrosion defects can be represented. High internal resistance means that the battery life is coming to its end. This method does not represent the battery state of health. The third commonly used method is Coulomb counting, in which the system measures the charge leaving and entering the battery. Measurement precision can easily decrease when using this
method. Errors can be eliminated by running through the whole cycle (charging-discharging-recharging). The fourth method is based on rapid tests. Most such methods are based on time or frequency domain. They however require complex techniques with tables and matrices, which serve as summary tables. Moreover, during battery discharge, the battery energy is lost in the resistor, now battery energy feeds into the grid source, so heating loss is eliminated.

Therefore, to overcome the above-mentioned limitations, there exists a need to develop a single-phase battery charger/discharger for testing battery health.
The technical advancements disclosed by the present invention overcome the limitations and disadvantages of existing and conventional systems and methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to a Single-Phase Battery Charger for Testing Battery Health.

In an embodiment, a single-phase battery charger for testing battery health is provided. The charger includes a power grid connection configured to receive an alternating current (AC) voltage from a power grid source; an AC to DC converter electrically coupled to the power grid connection, configured to convert the received AC voltage into a direct current (DC) voltage suitable for charging a battery; a transformer interposed between the power grid connection and the AC to DC converter, configured to step down the AC voltage to a lower level before conversion to DC voltage; a boost converter electrically connected to the AC to DC converter, configured to adjust the DC voltage to an optimal level required for charging the battery; a battery electrically connected to the boost converter, wherein the battery is charged and discharged according to predetermined parameters; one or more MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) configured to act as electronic switches for controlling the initiation and termination of the charging and discharging cycles of the battery, based on logged data and predefined charging and discharging parameters; a battery scanner includes a charge control unit configured to charge the battery to a predetermined charge level of 99% of its capacity; a discharge control unit configured to discharge the battery to a predetermined discharge level of 10.5V; a data logging unit configured to record the charge ampere-hours (Ah) and discharge Ah for each charging and discharging cycle; a cycle control unit configured to repeat the charging and discharging cycle multiple times, up to a maximum of 10 cycles; a comparison unit configured to compare the logged charge Ah and discharge Ah with predefined de-rating factors to evaluate the health of the battery; a parameter setting unit configured to set different charge voltages, currents, and depths of discharge (D.O.D.) based on battery requirements.

In another embodiment, the one or more MOSFETs are further configured to: receive control signals from the comparison unit based on analyzed charge ampere-hours (Ah) and discharge Ah data; modulate the flow of current between the AC to DC converter and the battery during charging cycles based on feedback from the comparison unit; regulate the discharge of stored energy from the battery back into the circuit or grid during discharging cycles, ensuring precise control over voltage and current levels; and operate within defined voltage and current limits set by the comparison unit to prevent overcharging or excessive discharging, thereby optimizing battery health assessment and operational efficiency.

In another embodiment, the battery scanner further comprises: a grid-tie module configured to feed energy from the battery back into the power grid during the discharging phase, effectively utilizing the discharged energy and reducing overall energy loss.

In another embodiment, the MOSFETs are configured to: operate in synchronization with the charging and discharging cycles, enabling precise control over the initiation and termination of each cycle based on the logged data and predefined parameters; and provide protection against over-current and over-voltage conditions during the charging and discharging processes.
In another embodiment, the system comprising a remote monitoring system utilizing 4GSM/GPRS technology, the system being configured to: track and manage the charging and discharging cycles of the battery in real-time; and transmit real-time data on the battery's status, including current charge level, discharge level, and logged Ah data, to a remote monitoring station.

In another embodiment, the system further comprising a display unit connected to the battery scanner, the display unit being configured to: show the remaining time before the next charging or discharging cycle commences; display the current operational status of the battery, including charge level, discharge level, and the logged charge and discharge Ah data; and provide alerts and notifications based on predefined operational thresholds and conditions.

In another embodiment, the battery scanner's cycle control unit is further configured to: define a rest period between the end of a charging cycle and the start of a discharging cycle, wherein the rest period allows the battery to cool down and stabilize its internal chemistry before the next cycle begins.

In another embodiment, the system further comprising protection mechanisms, wherein the protection mechanisms include: over-voltage protection for the battery during charging; under-voltage protection for the battery during discharging; over-current protection during both charging and discharging cycles; short-circuit protection; over-temperature protection to prevent overheating of the battery and associated components; reverse polarity protection to prevent damage due to incorrect battery connection.

In another embodiment, the boost converter is configured to: dynamically adjust the DC voltage output to match the optimal charging voltage required by the battery, taking into account the battery type and condition; and provide a constant voltage, constant current (C.V.C.C.) charging topology, ensuring stable and efficient charging of the battery, and wherein the active power factor of the system is configured to be 0.94 lag, and the input AC current harmonic distortion is maintained at less than 10%, ensuring high efficiency and reduced electrical noise during operation.

In another embodiment, a method for testing battery health using a single-phase battery charger is disclosed. The method includes of receiving alternating current (AC) voltage from a power grid source; converting the AC voltage to direct current (DC) voltage using an AC to DC converter and a transformer to step down the AC voltage; controlling the DC voltage output using a boost converter to match optimal charging voltage parameters required by a battery; regulating, using one or more MOSFETs as electronic switches, initiation and termination of charging and discharging cycles of the battery based on predefined parameters and logged data of charge ampere-hours (Ah) and discharge Ah; charging the battery up to a predetermined capacity and discharging the battery to a predetermined voltage level multiple times; logging the charge Ah and discharge Ah data for each cycle; analyzing the logged data against de-rating factors to evaluate battery health; and adjusting charging and discharging parameters based on real-time monitoring to optimize battery performance and operational efficiency.

An object of the present invention is to provide a Single-Phase Battery Charger for Testing Battery Health;
Another object of the present invention is to eliminate heating loss of the battery;
Yet another object of the present invention is to feed battery energy into the grid source; and
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an energy saving and cost-effective device.

In an embodiment, the actual battery health is evaluated by using a battery scanner to charge the battery with tie mode with the grid as well as charge the discharged battery multiple times such that each cycle records the data of battery charge Ah and battery discharge Ah. Also, the different charge voltage, current and depth of discharge (D.O.D.) are set as per battery requirement.

In an embodiment, the battery is first charged up to 99%. Then the battery is discharged up to 10.5V and system log the Discharging AH, again charge the battery up to 99%, and log the charging AH. Now the Battery AH is compared with de rating factor. If the Battery AH matches with the rating factor then the battery health is considered as healthy.

To further clarify the advantages and features of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a battery scanner;
Figure 2 illustrates a flow diagram of the working of the battery scanner;
Figure 3 illustrates a block diagram for single-phase battery charger for testing battery health; and
Figure 4 illustrates a flow diagram of the single-phase battery charger for testing battery health.

Further, skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the drawings are illustrated for simplicity and may not have been necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the flow charts illustrate the method in terms of the most prominent steps involved to help to improve understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Furthermore, in terms of the construction of the device, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the drawings with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having benefit of the description herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

Reference throughout this specification to “an aspect”, “another aspect” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrase “in an embodiment”, “in another embodiment” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.
The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such process or method. Similarly, one or more devices or sub-systems or elements or structures or components proceeded by "comprises...a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other devices or other sub-systems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional sub-systems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.

The term “tie mode” is a grid-tied electrical system, also called tied to grid or grid tie system, is a semi-autonomous electrical generation or grid energy storage system which links to the mains to feed excess capacity back to the local mains electrical grid.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a battery scanner.
The key elements of the battery scanner comprise of basic components such as a power grid, an AC to DC converter, a battery, Boost Converter, using semiconductors, MOSFET, and electrical transformers.

The AC voltage received from the power grid is converted to DC voltage and fed to the battery for charging. The transformer steps down the ac voltage before converting to the DC voltage. The MOSFET acts as a switch for triggering charging and discharging of the battery.
The battery is charged and discharged continuously. The discharged battery is charged with tie mode with the grid multiple times by programming (max. 10 times) each cycle to record the data of battery charge Ah and battery discharge Ah. Also, the different charge voltage and Ampere and depth of discharge (D.O.D.) is set as per battery requirement. During discharging, the charge is fed back to the power grid. It has 4GSM/GPRS based remote monitoring.

Figure 2 illustrates a flow diagram of the working of the battery scanner.
The power grid is switched on, triggering the activation of battery scanner. If BV=charging reference current= charging end current, then cool down time is set as rest time to begin discharging. If discharging end voltage is 1 min, then rest time is the cool down time of the battery.
The battery is first charged up to 99%. Then the battery is discharged up to 10.5V and system log the Discharging AH, again charge the battery up to 99%, and log the charging Ah. The Battery Ah is compared with de rating factor. If the Battery Ah matches with the de rating factor, then the battery is considered as healthy.
According to an embodiment, Charging & discharging cycle can set up to 10 cycle. When the Battery cycle is completed, the discharging is started. Time between the end of charge cycle and start the discharging cycle is the rest time. A Display is connected to the scanner for showing the remaining time to start the charging or start to discharging of the battery.
According to an exemplary embodiment, energy of 500watt from grid source is used to run the commercial load. During that time the battery scanner start to discharge the battery with 360watt, efficiency of system is 85% means 306watt power feed to the grid source. It means 194-watt power is required from grid while commercial load requirement is 500watt.
S. No. Keyword Limitation/Specific Range/Type/
1 Charging Topology C.V.C.C.
2 Battery Type Tubular/flooded/SMF
3 Active Power factor 0.94 lag
5 Low harmonics distortion (input AC current) <10%
6 Noise at 1 meter <50dB
7 Protection Battery Over/Under Voltage, Input AC Over/Under Voltage, Input AC Over/Under Frequency, Battery over current charging, Battery reverse polarity short circuit, Over Temperature

In an embodiment, the MPPT technique continuously monitors the battery's voltage and current characteristics during charging. By dynamically adjusting the charging voltage and current levels, the boost converter ensures that the battery operates at its maximum power point (MPP), where it can absorb the maximum amount of energy from the charger. This optimization minimizes energy losses and heat generation, thereby prolonging the battery's operational life.

In an embodiment, the power grid connection serves as the primary source of alternating current (AC) voltage input for the charger. This component is crucial as it interfaces the charger with the external power supply network, typically operating at standard voltages (e.g., 230V AC at 50 Hz). The technology here involves ensuring that the charger can safely and efficiently handle the incoming AC voltage, adhering to electrical safety standards and regulatory requirements. It may include components like input protection circuits and filtering mechanisms to mitigate electrical noise and voltage spikes from the grid, ensuring stable operation and longevity of the charger.

In an embodiment, the cycle control unit is designed to manage the repetitive process of charging and discharging the battery, offering flexibility with adjustable parameters such as charge voltages, currents, and D.O.D. This customization ensures optimal battery management tailored to specific battery types and operational scenarios. The comparison unit assists in assessing battery health and performance by analyzing logged charge Ah and discharge Ah data against predefined de-rating factors. This analysis enables precise evaluation of battery condition and facilitating proactive maintenance strategies. Together, these technological advancements enhance the efficiency, reliability, and lifespan of batteries used in various applications within the single-phase battery charger system.

In an embodiment, the AC to DC converter transforms the incoming AC voltage from the power grid into a stable DC voltage suitable for charging the battery. This conversion process typically involves a rectifier bridge composed of diodes that convert AC into pulsating DC. A smoothing capacitor is then used to filter out the pulsations, resulting in a more consistent DC voltage output. The technology here lies in the design and efficiency of the rectification process to minimize losses and ripple in the DC output, ensuring that the charger can provide a reliable and smooth voltage supply to the battery.

In an embodiment, the transformer in the charger steps down the AC voltage from the power grid to a lower voltage level suitable for the subsequent AC to DC conversion stage. Transformers operate on electromagnetic induction principles, utilizing coils of wire (primary and secondary windings) to transfer electrical energy between circuits at different voltage levels. The technology involves selecting appropriate transformer ratings to ensure efficient voltage reduction while maintaining isolation and safety between the high-voltage grid and the charger's low-voltage circuits. This component plays a crucial role in voltage adaptation and isolation, essential for safe and effective operation of the charger.

In an embodiment, the boost converter is responsible for adjusting the DC voltage output from the AC to DC converter to match the optimal charging voltage required by the battery. This component utilizes a feedback control loop that monitors the battery's voltage and adjusts the charging voltage accordingly. The technology here includes implementing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, which dynamically optimize the charging voltage and current to maximize energy transfer efficiency. By maintaining the battery at its maximum power point (MPP), the boost converter enhances charging efficiency and prolongs battery life by preventing overcharging or undercharging, adapting to varying battery conditions and load demands.

In an embodiment, the battery serves as the energy storage component in the charger, storing electrical energy during charging and supplying it during discharge. Different battery chemistries (e.g., lead-acid, lithium-ion) have specific charging and discharging profiles that must be carefully managed to optimize performance and longevity. The technology involves designing the charger to safely handle these profiles, including current and voltage limits, charge termination criteria, and temperature monitoring to prevent overheating or damage. Advanced battery management systems may include state-of-charge (SOC) estimation techniques and adaptive charging techniques to enhance battery health and efficiency.

In an embodiment, the MOSFETs act as electronic switches within the charger, controlling the flow of current during charging and discharging cycles. These semiconductor devices offer high efficiency and precise control over current flow, enabling rapid switching between charging and discharging modes. The technology lies in selecting MOSFETs with appropriate voltage and current ratings, low on-resistance, and fast switching speeds to minimize power losses and heat generation. Proper thermal management and heat dissipation mechanisms are critical to ensuring reliable operation and longevity of MOSFETs in high-power applications like battery charging.

Specifically, within this charger, MOSFETs act as electronic switches that respond to signals from the control unit based on logged data and predefined parameters. When initiating a charging cycle, the control unit triggers the MOSFETs to allow the flow of current from the AC to DC converter, directing power into the battery to recharge it. The MOSFETs ensure that the charging process is controlled and efficient, preventing overcharging by cutting off current flow once the battery reaches the desired charge level.

During discharging cycles, the MOSFETs switch to allow the battery's stored energy to be released, either back into the grid or to power external devices. This controlled discharge process is crucial for testing the battery's health, as it allows accurate measurement and logging of discharge ampere-hours (Ah), which are essential for evaluating battery performance and capacity over time.

The MOSFETs ensure the precise control and safety of charging and discharging operations within the single-phase battery charger. Their ability to act as fast and efficient switches, responsive to control signals based on real-time data, enhances the charger's capability to assess and maintain battery health effectively, contributing to prolonged battery life and optimized performance in various applications.

By analyzing impedance changes during charge and discharge cycles, the module can detect variations in the battery's internal resistance, electrolyte conductivity, and electrode surface area. These insights enable accurate assessment of battery health, identifying potential issues such as electrode degradation or electrolyte deterioration before they impact performance.

In an embodiment, the data logging unit includes synchronized logging capability with high-resolution time-stamping, enabling accurate correlation of charge and discharge data with environmental conditions and operational parameters, enhancing reliability in battery health assessment.

In an embodiment, the synchronized logging capability records precise timestamps alongside charge and discharge data. This enables alignment of data with environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, as well as operational parameters like charge rate and depth of discharge (D.O.D.). High-resolution time-stamping ensures that all data points are accurately synchronized, providing reliable information for evaluating battery health trends over time.

In an embodiment, the graphical user interface (GUI) module presents comprehensive operational metrics, including real-time battery charge levels, discharge rates, and efficiency metrics. Historical performance trends derived from techniqueic analysis of logged data allow users to identify patterns and predict future maintenance needs based on battery usage and environmental conditions. This data-driven approach enhances decision-making for optimizing battery performance and longevity.

In an embodiment, the The remote monitoring system employs 4GSM/GPRS technology to transmit operational data securely over cellular networks. Advanced encryption protocols protect data integrity, preventing unauthorized access or tampering during transmission. Secure authentication mechanisms verify the identity of remote users, ensuring that only authorized personnel can monitor and control battery charger operations remotely, thereby maintaining system security and reliability.
In an embodiment, the comparison unit uses machine learning techniques to analyze historical data and current battery performance metrics. By identifying correlations between operational conditions and battery health indicators, such as charge efficiency and voltage stability, the techniques continuously refine their predictive models. This adaptive approach allows the system to detect early signs of battery degradation or anomalies, enabling proactive maintenance to optimize battery health and performance.

In an embodiment, the adaptive control techniques continuously monitor battery performance metrics, such as voltage, current, and temperature. In response to detected anomalies or environmental changes, the techniques dynamically adjust charge and discharge parameters, such as voltage limits and charging rates, to mitigate risks such as over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, and excessive temperature variations. This proactive approach enhances system reliability and safety by preventing potential damage to the battery and associated components.

Figure 3 illustrates a block diagram for single-phase battery charger for testing battery health. The charger 100 includes a power grid connection 102 configured to receive an alternating current (AC) voltage from a power grid source; an AC to DC converter 104 electrically coupled to the power grid connection, configured to convert the received AC voltage into a direct current (DC) voltage suitable for charging a battery; a transformer 106 interposed between the power grid connection and the AC to DC converter, configured to step down the AC voltage to a lower level before conversion to DC voltage; a boost converter 108 electrically connected to the AC to DC converter, configured to adjust the DC voltage to an optimal level required for charging the battery; a battery 110 electrically connected to the boost converter, wherein the battery is charged and discharged according to predetermined parameters; one or more MOSFETs 112 (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) configured to act as electronic switches for controlling the initiation and termination of the charging and discharging cycles of the battery, based on logged data and predefined charging and discharging parameters; a battery scanner 114 includes a charge control unit configured to charge the battery to a predetermined charge level of 99% of its capacity; a discharge control unit 116 configured to discharge the battery to a predetermined discharge level of 10.5V; a data logging unit 118 configured to record the charge ampere-hours (Ah) and discharge Ah for each charging and discharging cycle; a cycle control unit 120 configured to repeat the charging and discharging cycle multiple times, up to a maximum of 10 cycles; a comparison unit 122 configured to compare the logged charge Ah and discharge Ah with predefined de-rating factors to evaluate the health of the battery; a parameter setting unit 124 configured to set different charge voltages, currents, and depths of discharge (D.O.D.) based on battery requirements.

In another embodiment, the one or more MOSFETs 112 are further configured to: receive control signals from the comparison unit based on analyzed charge ampere-hours (Ah) and discharge Ah data; modulate the flow of current between the AC to DC converter and the battery during charging cycles based on feedback from the comparison unit; regulate the discharge of stored energy from the battery back into the circuit or grid during discharging cycles, ensuring precise control over voltage and current levels; and operate within defined voltage and current limits set by the comparison unit to prevent overcharging or excessive discharging, thereby optimizing battery health assessment and operational efficiency.

In another embodiment, the battery scanner 114 further comprises: a grid-tie module 126 configured to feed energy from the battery back into the power grid during the discharging phase, effectively utilizing the discharged energy and reducing overall energy loss.

In another embodiment, the MOSFETs 112 are configured to: operate in synchronization with the charging and discharging cycles, enabling precise control over the initiation and termination of each cycle based on the logged data and predefined parameters; and provide protection against over-current and over-voltage conditions during the charging and discharging processes.
In another embodiment, the system 100 comprising a remote monitoring system 128 utilizing 4GSM/GPRS technology, the system being configured to: track and manage the charging and discharging cycles of the battery in real-time; and transmit real-time data on the battery's status, including current charge level, discharge level, and logged Ah data, to a remote monitoring station.

In another embodiment, the system 100 further comprising a display unit 130 connected to the battery scanner 114, the display unit being configured to: show the remaining time before the next charging or discharging cycle commences; display the current operational status of the battery, including charge level, discharge level, and the logged charge and discharge Ah data; and provide alerts and notifications based on predefined operational thresholds and conditions.

In another embodiment, the battery scanner's cycle control unit is further configured to: define a rest period between the end of a charging cycle and the start of a discharging cycle, wherein the rest period allows the battery to cool down and stabilize its internal chemistry before the next cycle begins.

In another embodiment, the system 100 further comprising protection mechanisms 132, wherein the protection mechanisms include: over-voltage protection for the battery during charging; under-voltage protection for the battery during discharging; over-current protection during both charging and discharging cycles; short-circuit protection; over-temperature protection to prevent overheating of the battery and associated components; reverse polarity protection to prevent damage due to incorrect battery connection.

In another embodiment, the boost converter is configured to: dynamically adjust the DC voltage output to match the optimal charging voltage required by the battery, taking into account the battery type and condition; and provide a constant voltage, constant current (C.V.C.C.) charging topology, ensuring stable and efficient charging of the battery, and wherein the active power factor of the system is configured to be 0.94 lag, and the input AC current harmonic distortion is maintained at less than 10%, ensuring high efficiency and reduced electrical noise during operation.

Figure 4 illustrates a flow diagram of the single-phase battery charger for testing battery health. The method 200 includes
Step 202 discloses about receiving alternating current (AC) voltage from a power grid source;
Step 204 discloses about converting the AC voltage to direct current (DC) voltage using an AC to DC converter and a transformer to step down the AC voltage;
Step 206 discloses about controlling the DC voltage output using a boost converter to match optimal charging voltage parameters required by a battery;
Step 208 discloses about regulating, using one or more MOSFETs as electronic switches, initiation and termination of charging and discharging cycles of the battery based on predefined parameters and logged data of charge ampere-hours (Ah) and discharge Ah;
Step 210 discloses about charging the battery up to a predetermined capacity and discharging the battery to a predetermined voltage level multiple times;
Step 212 discloses about logging the charge Ah and discharge Ah data for each cycle;
Step 214 discloses about analyzing the logged data against de-rating factors to evaluate battery health; and
Step 216 discloses about adjusting charging and discharging parameters based on real-time monitoring to optimize battery performance and operational efficiency.

The drawings and the forgoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts necessarily need to be performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples. Numerous variations, whether explicitly given in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimension, and use of material, are possible. The scope of embodiments is at least as broad as given by the following claims.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any component(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or component of any or all the claims. ,CLAIMS:1. A single-phase battery charger for testing battery health, comprising:
a power grid connection configured to receive an alternating current (AC) voltage from a power grid source;
an AC to DC converter electrically coupled to the power grid connection, configured to convert the received AC voltage into a direct current (DC) voltage suitable for charging a battery;
a transformer interposed between the power grid connection and the AC to DC converter, configured to step down the AC voltage to a lower level before conversion to DC voltage;
a boost converter electrically connected to the AC to DC converter, configured to adjust the DC voltage to an optimal level required for charging the battery;
a battery electrically connected to the boost converter, wherein the battery is charged and discharged according to predetermined parameters;
one or more MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) configured to act as electronic switches for controlling the initiation and termination of the charging and discharging cycles of the battery, based on logged data and predefined charging and discharging parameters;
a battery scanner comprising:
a charge control unit configured to charge the battery to a predetermined charge level of 99% of its capacity;
a discharge control unit configured to discharge the battery to a predetermined discharge level of 10.5V;
a data logging unit configured to record the charge ampere-hours (Ah) and discharge Ah for each charging and discharging cycle;
a cycle control unit configured to repeat the charging and discharging cycle multiple times, up to a maximum of 10 cycles;
a comparison unit configured to compare the logged charge Ah and discharge Ah with predefined de-rating factors to evaluate the health of the battery;
a parameter setting unit configured to set different charge voltages, currents, and depths of discharge (D.O.D.) based on battery requirements.

2. The single-phase battery charger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more MOSFETs are further configured to: receive control signals from the comparison unit based on analyzed charge ampere-hours (Ah) and discharge Ah data; modulate the flow of current between the AC to DC converter and the battery during charging cycles based on feedback from the comparison unit; regulate the discharge of stored energy from the battery back into the circuit or grid during discharging cycles, ensuring precise control over voltage and current levels; and operate within defined voltage and current limits set by the comparison unit to prevent overcharging or excessive discharging, thereby optimizing battery health assessment and operational efficiency.

3. The single-phase battery charger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the battery scanner further comprises: a grid-tie module configured to feed energy from the battery back into the power grid during the discharging phase, effectively utilizing the discharged energy and reducing overall energy loss.

4. The single-phase battery charger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the MOSFETs are configured to: operate in synchronization with the charging and discharging cycles, enabling precise control over the initiation and termination of each cycle based on the logged data and predefined parameters; and provide protection against over-current and over-voltage conditions during the charging and discharging processes.
5. The single-phase battery charger as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a remote monitoring system utilizing 4GSM/GPRS technology, the system being configured to: track and manage the charging and discharging cycles of the battery in real-time; and transmit real-time data on the battery's status, including current charge level, discharge level, and logged Ah data, to a remote monitoring station.

6. The single-phase battery charger as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a display unit connected to the battery scanner, the display unit being configured to: show the remaining time before the next charging or discharging cycle commences; display the current operational status of the battery, including charge level, discharge level, and the logged charge and discharge Ah data; and provide alerts and notifications based on predefined operational thresholds and conditions.

7. The single-phase battery charger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the battery scanner's cycle control unit is further configured to: define a rest period between the end of a charging cycle and the start of a discharging cycle, wherein the rest period allows the battery to cool down and stabilize its internal chemistry before the next cycle begins.

8. The single-phase battery charger as claimed in claim 1, further comprising protection mechanisms, wherein the protection mechanisms include: over-voltage protection for the battery during charging; under-voltage protection for the battery during discharging; over-current protection during both charging and discharging cycles; short-circuit protection; over-temperature protection to prevent overheating of the battery and associated components; reverse polarity protection to prevent damage due to incorrect battery connection.

9. The single-phase battery charger as claimed in claim 1, wherein the boost converter is configured to: dynamically adjust the DC voltage output to match the optimal charging voltage required by the battery, taking into account the battery type and condition; and provide a constant voltage, constant current (C.V.C.C.) charging topology, ensuring stable and efficient charging of the battery, and wherein the active power factor of the system is configured to be 0.94 lag, and the input AC current harmonic distortion is maintained at less than 10%, ensuring high efficiency and reduced electrical noise during operation.

10. A method for testing battery health using a single-phase battery charger, comprising:
receiving alternating current (AC) voltage from a power grid source;
converting the AC voltage to direct current (DC) voltage using an AC to DC converter and a transformer to step down the AC voltage;
controlling the DC voltage output using a boost converter to match optimal charging voltage parameters required by a battery;
regulating, using one or more MOSFETs as electronic switches, initiation and termination of charging and discharging cycles of the battery based on predefined parameters and logged data of charge ampere-hours (Ah) and discharge Ah;
charging the battery up to a predetermined capacity and discharging the battery to a predetermined voltage level multiple times;
logging the charge Ah and discharge Ah data for each cycle;
analyzing the logged data against de-rating factors to evaluate battery health; and
adjusting charging and discharging parameters based on real-time monitoring to optimize battery performance and operational efficiency.