DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a combination of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil and to the composition thereof. Particularly, the present invention relates to a composition comprising of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil, process of preparation of the said composition and use thereof for the control of a broad spectrum of fungal diseases or undesired pathogenic microorganism.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Fungicides are compounds, of natural or synthetic origin, which act to protect and cure plants against damage caused by agriculturally-relevant fungi. The ecological and economic demands made on modern active ingredients, for example fungicides, are increasing constantly, for example with respect to activity spectrum, toxicity, selectivity, application rate, formation of residues and favourable manufacture. There are also problems, for example, that are associated with resistances. There is thus a constant need to develop novel fungicidal compositions with different modes of action which have advantages over the known compounds and compositions at least in some areas. Hence, a premix of the best possible formulation for a combination of fungicides would help growers to combat these important fungal diseases.
A typical challenge in the field of crop protection is to reduce the dose rates of an active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective control. Therefore, a combined application of an effective amount of fungicides in a uniform composition is a practical necessity. The present invention relates to a fungicidal product that contains a combination of active substances, a method for controlling undesired pathogenic microorganism using this product, its use and the plant propagation organs treated with this product, as well as the use of this combination for the preparation of the product.
Cymoxanil is a highly effective, low-toxic bactericide whose mechanism of action is to kill pathogenic bacteria cells by inhibiting electron transfer in their cell mitochondria, stopping their oxidation and phosphorylation. Is mainly effective in biosynthesis of lipid compounds and cell membrane function of fungi, and can inhibit spore germination, dental canal elongation, attachment cell and hypha formation. Is a contact killing and preventive bactericide, and is effective on downy mildew, phytophthora and uniaxial mildew of oomycetes.
Chemically it is (1E)-2-(ethylcarbamoylamino)-N-methoxy-2-oxoethanimidoyl cyanide and has the following structure:

Formula 1
Boscalid is a fungicide of the carboxamide group and acts as a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), a respiratory inhibitor of mitochondria. It as a wide bactericidal spectrum, has a prevention effect, is active to all types of fungal diseases, is very effective in preventing and treating powdery mildew, gray mold, root rot, sclerotinia, various rot diseases and the like, is not easy to generate cross resistance, is also effective to resistant bacteria of other medicaments, and is mainly used for preventing and treating diseases of rape, grapes, fruit trees, vegetables, field crops and the like.
Chemically it is 2-Chloro-N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-nicotinamide and has the following structure:

Formula II
Chlorothalonil is a polychlorinated aromatic mainly used as a broad spectrum, nonsystemic fungicide, with other uses as a wood protectant, pesticide, acaricide, and to control range of fungal diseases including late leaf spot, leaf spot, rust, web blotch, septoria leaf spot, septoria leaf spot, early blight, potato blight, seedling blight, leaf blight, brown spot and downy mildew in a wide range of crops, including pome fruit, stone fruit, citrus fruit, bush and cane fruit, cranberries, strawberries, pawpaws, bananas, mangoes, coconut palms, oil palms, rubber, pepper, vines, hops, vegetables, cucurbits, tobacco, coffee, tea, rice, soya beans, peanuts, potatoes, sugar beet, cotton, maize, ornamentals, mushrooms, and turf. Chlorothalonil is a non-systemic foliar fungicide acting by the conjugation with and depletion of thiols (particularly glutathione) from germinating fungal cells, leading to disruption of glycolysis and energy production, inducing fungistasis.
Chemically it is tetrachloroisophthalonitrile and has the following structure:

WO 90/12791 discloses certain oxazolidinone compounds as fungicides including 5-methyl-5-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-3-phenylamino-2,4-oxazolidinone (i.e., the Formula I compound defined herein). U.S. Pat. No. 3,954,992 discloses cymoxanil as a fungicide. Synergistic combinations of cymoxanil and oxazolidenylacetamides such as oxadixyl are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,507,310. These references neither disclose nor suggest synergistic compositions comprising an oxazolidinone and cymoxanil.
There is no such effective composition available that acts simultaneously on a wide variety of phytopathogenic fungi and/or microorganisms of plants and crops. It has been found that, as a solution to the above-mentioned problems, a combination comprising of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil provides an effective composition in controlling a wide variety of undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/or microorganisms.
The present invention provides a combination of Cymoxanil,Boscalid and Chlorothalonil with enhanced efficacy and spectrum as compared to the use of Cymoxanil,Boscalid and Chlorothalonil alone.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
In one aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic combination of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil, wherein optionally, an addition of one or more insecticidal or fungicidal or acaricidal or nematicidal or herbicidal compounds or any combination thereof is possible.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic combination of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil to control a wide variety of undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/ormicroorganisms.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a longer residual control of the undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/or treated with the combination of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil
In one aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic composition of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil to control a wide variety of undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/ormicroorganisms.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic composition comprising of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil; wherein the composition possessing fungicidal activity.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of the composition comprising Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil.
In one aspect the present invention to provide an synergistic composition that is environmentally safe and non-phytotoxic.
In a further aspect present invention to provide a synergistic composition that has broad spectrum activity and can be used in a wide variety of agricultural crops.
In another embodiment, the present invention provide a synergistic composition with enhanced bioefficacy at reduced dosage as compared to individual fungicides when used in isolation.
The above aspects and other objectives will become more apparent in view of the description given below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
ABBREVIATIONS
AE: Aerosol SG: Water soluble granule
CS: Capsule suspension SP: Water soluble powder
DP: Dustable powder SU: Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension
EC: Emulsifiable concentrate ME: Micro-emulsion
EG: Emulsifiable granule OD: Oil dispersion
EW: Oil-in water or water in oil emulsion UL: Ultra-low volume liquid
e.g.: Example WDG: Water dispersible granule
GR: Granule WP: Wettable powder
SC: Suspension concentrate WT: Water dispersible tablet
SE: Suspo-emulsion.
DEFINITIONS
The foregoing definitions provided herein for the terminologies used in the present disclosure are for illustrative purpose only and in no manner limit, the scope of the present invention disclosed in the present disclosure.
It will be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used in this specification, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, the reference to "a surfactant" includes one or more of such surfactants.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one ordinary skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Although other methods and materials similar, or equivalent, to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention, the preferred materials and methods are described herein.
As used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated.
For example, a composition or a method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, or method.
As used herein, the term “composition” or "formulation" can be used interchangeably, unless stated otherwise, is meant to encompass, and are not limited to, compositions or formulations containing the combination of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil.
As used herein, the term “additive(s)” or "auxiliary agent(s)" or “agrochemically acceptable carrier(s)” can be used interchangeably and refers to inert substances which are commonly used as diluent, to provide stability or to increase the activity profile of the composition or formulation with or without having agrochemical activity or direct effect on the undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/or microorganisms.
As used herein, the term "agrochemically acceptable salts" are typically acid addition salts of inorganic or organic acids, preferably of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid or benzoic acid.
As used herein, the term “additive(s)” or "auxiliary agent(s)" or “agriculturally acceptable carrier(s)”can be used interchangeably and refers to inert substances which are commonly used as diluent, to provide stability or to increase the activity profile of the composition or formulation with or without having agrochemical activity.
Unless otherwise specified, % refers to % weight; and % weight refers to % of the weight of the respective component with respect to the total weight of the composition.
As used herein, the term “lower” or “minimal” or “minimum” can be used interchangeably and refers to the optimum concentration of active or inactive ingredients of formulation to achieve the expected efficacy.
As used herein, the term "effective amount" means the amount of the active substances in thecompositions to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. The effective amount can vary for the various compositions used in the present invention. An effective amount of the compositions will also vary according to the prevailing conditions such as desired pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic combination of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil, wherein optionally, the addition of one or more insecticidal or fungicidal or acaricidal or nematicidal or herbicidal compounds or any combination thereof is possible.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic combination of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil, to control a wide variety of undesired phytopathogenic fungi.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal combination of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a longer lasting control of the undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/or microorganisms treated with the combination of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic composition of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil, wherein the composition is used as fungicidal composition. The composition is selected from suspension concentrate (SC), wettable granules (WG), wettable powder (WP), a water dispersible granule (WDG), a water dispersible tablet (WT), an ultra-low volu (ULV) liquid (UL), an ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), a water soluble powder (SP), a suspo-emulsion (SE), granule (GR), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an oil-in-water or water in oil emulsion (EW), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), a capsule suspension (CS), a dustable powder (DP) or an aerosol (AE).
In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a water dispersible granule (WDG) composition of of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil.
The composition comprising organic or inorganic carrier material, including agrochemically acceptable additive(s) are selected from the group comprising of solid carrier(s), liquid carrier(s), gaseous carrier(s), binder(s), dispersing/co-dispersing, wetting/co-wetting agentsanti-freezing agent(s) , Solublizer(s) or a combination thereof. The composition may also contain if desired, one or more auxiliaries customary for crop protection compositions.
Binder(s) or adhesive-imparting agent(s) is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, dextrin, denatured dextrin, soluble starch, guar gum, xanthan gum, sucrose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum arabic, polyvinyl acetate, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose or its salt, carboxymethylcellulose dextrin, bentonite, polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 6,000 to 20,000, polyethylene oxide having average molecular weight of 100,000 to 5,000,000, natural phosphatide such as cephalinic acid or lecithin. These binders or adhesive imparting agents may be used alone or in combination thereof. The Binders is present in an amount of from 1% to 7 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
Examples of dispersing/co-dispersing agents include but not limited to methyl methacrylate polymer, sodium lignosulfonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyryl phenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, polyalkelene glycol ether, tristyrylphenol phosphate ester, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate amine salt of phosphate, tristyrylphenol phosphate amine salt, tristyrylphenol ethoxylated, tristyryl phenol ethylated, acrylic co-polymer, acrylate copolymer, acrylic copolymer, acrylic copolymer sodium salt, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend, sodium polycarboxylate, sodium polyacrylate, ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, ethoxylated tristryl phenol sulphate, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, polymeric non-aqueous dispersing agent, polyoxyethyleneisotridecanol, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate ester, sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers, either alone or mixtures thereof. Thedispersing agent is present in an amount of from 1% to7 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition
Examples of wetting/co-wetting agents include but not limited to block copolymer, alkoxylated alcohol, ethoxylated propoxylated alcohol, polyalkoxylated butyl ether, sodium alkyl sulphate, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, tristyrylphenol ethoxylated, alkoxyleted 5 alcohol, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate, block copolymer, sodium dioctyl sulpho succinate, alkyl phenol ethoxylates and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, either alone or mixtures thereof. The wetting agents is present in an amount of from 1% to 5 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
Suitable inert carrier(s) for use in the composition include, but not limited to, natural ground minerals, such as kaolin or china clay, alumina, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, or synthetic ground minerals, such as highly dispersed silicic acid, aluminium oxide, silicates, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone and calcium phosphates and calcium hydrogen phosphates, crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, precipitated silica, sepiolite, bentonite, river sand, zeolites, starch, sand, talc, quartz, dolomite, synthetic granules of inorganic and organic ground materials and mixtures thereof.
Examples of Solubilizer include but not limited ethanol, sorbitol, Polyethylene glycols, Propylene glycol, Cyclodextrins Sodium Lauryl Sulphates, Ammonium sulphate either alone or mixtures thereof. The Solubilizer is present in an amount of from 1% to 7 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the fungicidal composition is formulated in a form selected from the group comprising water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates (SC), oil-based suspension concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP), water soluble powders (SP), granules (GR), encapsulated granules (CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG), dry flowables (DF), aqueous Suspo-emulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG). In a preferred embodiment, the Insecticidal composition is in the form of suspension concentrates (SC), water-dispersible granule (WDG) and wettable powder (WP).
In a preferred embodiment, the fungicidal composition of the present invention is formulated as a water-dispersible granules (WG).
In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a composition to control a wide variety
of undesired phytopathogenic fungi, wherein the Cymoxanil is present in an amount ranging from 5-30w/w, Boscalid is present in an amount ranging from 5-35%w/ Chlorothalonil is present in an amount ranging from 10-50%w/w of the fungicidal composition.
In a preferred embodiment, Cymoxanilis present in an amount 9.5%w/w, Boscalid is present in an amount of 15.7%w/w and Chlorothalonil is present in an amount of 23.5%w/w of the fungicidal composition.

The undesired pathogenic microorganism for the present invention is selected from the group comprising of Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g. A. Candida) and sunflowers (e.g. A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, citrus fruits (A. citri), rape (A. brassicola or A. brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e.g. A. solani or A. alternata), tomatoes (e.g. A. solanior A. alternata) and wheat; 5 Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cotton, cereals and vegetables, e.g. A. tritici(anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordeion barley; Bipolarisand Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp. for e.g. Cochlioboluscarbonum(northern corn leaf blight)), e.g. Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (B. zeicola) on corn, e.g. spot blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals, e.g. B. oryzae on rice and turfs and on oats; Blumeria(formerly Erysiphe) graminis(powdery mildew) on cereals (e.g. on wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea(teleomorph: Botryotiniafuckeliana: grey mold) on fruits and berries (e.g. strawberries), vegetables (e.g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages), rape, flowers, vines, forestry plants and wheat; Bremialactucae(downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broadleaved trees and evergreens, e.g. C. ulmi(Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn and cotton, (Cercospora blight spots) on cotton, (e.g. Gray leaf spot: C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beets (e.g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g. C. sojinaor C. kikuchii) and rice, sunflower (e.g. cercospora leaf spot: C. helianthi), peanut (e.g. early leaf spot: C. arachidicola); Cercosporidium spp. on peanut (e.g. C. personatum: late leaf spot); Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e.g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e.g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat, C. caryigenum(pecan scab) on pecan; Cylindrocladium spp. on peanut (C.crotalariae: cylindrocladium black rot); Clavicepspurpurea(ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus(anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum), cereals (e.g. C.sativus (black point), anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice (e.g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae);Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g. C. gossypii), corn (e.g. C.graminicola: Anthracnose stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (e.g. C. coccodes: black dot), beans (e.g. C.Iindemuthianum), citrus fruits (e.g. C. acutatum(post bloom fruit drop), C. gloeosporioides) and soybeans (e.g. C. truncatumor C. gloeosporioides); Corticium spp., e.g. C. sasakii(sheath blight) onrice; Corynesporacassiicola(leaf spots) on soybeans and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., e.g. C.oleaginumon olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e.g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline,teleomorph: Nectriaor Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (e.g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph: Neonectrialiriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora(teleomorph: Rosellinia)necatrix(root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diplodia spp. e.g. Diplodia boll rot on cotton, Diaporthespp., e.g. D. phaseolorum(damping off) on soybeans, D. citri(melanose) on citrus fruits; Drechslera
(syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e.g. D.teres, net blotch), oats (e.g. D. avenae, leaf spot), and wheat (e.g. D. tritici-repentis: tan spot), rice andturf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia(syn. Phellinus) punctata, F.mediterranea, Phaeomoniellachlamydospora (earlier Phaeoacremoniumchlamydosporum), Phaeoacremoniumaleophilum and/or Botryosphaeriaobtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruits (E. pyri),on citrus fruits (E. fawcetti), soft fruits (E. veneta: anthracnose) and vines (E. ampelina: anthracnose); Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (black mold) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powder ymildew) on sugar beets (E. betae), (powdery mildew) on rye (E. graminis), vegetables (e.g. E. pisi),such as cucurbits (e.g. E. cichoracearum), cabbages, sunflower, rape 5 (e.g. E. cruciferarum), peas and bean (e.g. E. polygoni); Eutypalata (Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporinalata, syn.Libertellablepharis) on fruit trees, vines and ornamental woods; Exserohilum (syn.Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (e.g. E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt, root or stem rot) on various plants, such as hardlock, boll rot of cotton, F. graminearumor F.culmorum(root rot, scab or head blight) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley), F. oxysporumon tomatoes, F. solanion soybeans and F. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomycesgraminis(take-all) on cereals(e.g. wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G. fujikuroi: Bakanae disease); Glomerellacingulataon vines, pome fruits and other plants and G. gossypiioncotton; Grain staining complex on rice; Guignardiabidwellii(black rot) on vines, Guignardiacitricarpa (balck spot) on citrus fruits; Gymnosporangium spp. on rosaceous plants and junipers, e.g.
G. sabinae(rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) oncorn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e.g. H. vastatrix(coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsis clavispora(syn. Cladosporium vitis) on vines; Kabatiellazeae(eyespot) on corn; Leptosphaeria maculans(blackleg) on oilseed crops; Leptosphaerulina spp. on peanut (e.g. L. crassiasca:pepperspot); Macrophominaphaseolina(syn. phaseoli) (root and stem rot) on soybeans and cotton; Microdochium(syn. Fusarium) nivale(pink snow mold) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley); Microsphaeradiffusa(powdery mildew) on soybeans; Myeosphaerellacitri(greasy spot) on citrusfruit, Monilinia spp., e.g. M. laxa, M. fructicolaand M. fructigena(bloom and twig blight, brown rot)on stone fruits and other rosaceous plants; Mycosphaerella spp. on peas and beans, cereals, bananas,soft fruits and ground nuts, such as e.g. M. graminicola(anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat or M. fijiensis(black Sigatoka disease) on bananas; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (e.g. P. brassicae), rape (e.g. P. parasitica), onions (e.g. P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina)and soybeans (e.g. P. manshurica); Phyllosticta maydis (yellow leaf blight) on corn; Phakopsorapachyrhiziand P. meibomiae(soybean rust) on soybeans; Phialophora spp. e.g. on vines (e.g. P.tracheiphilaand P. tetraspora) and soybeans (e.g. P. gregata: stem rot); Phoma lingam (root andstem rot) on rape and cabbage and P. betae(root rot, leaf spot and damping-off) on sugar beets, Phomaexigua(ascochyta blight) on peas and beans, phoma blight, boll rot on cotton, Phomaarachidicola (web blotch) on peanut; Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers, vines (e.g. P. viticola: can andleaf spot) and soybeans (e.g. stem rot:. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthephaseolorum); Phykopsoraspp. e.g. rust on cotton, Physoderma maydis (physoderma brown spot) on corn; Phytophthora spp.(wilt, root, leaf, fruit and stem root) on various plants, such as paprika and cucurbits (e.g. P. capsici), soybeans (e.g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e.g. P. infestans: late blight),broad-leaved trees (e.g. P. ramorum: sudden oak death) and peas and beans (e.g. P. nicotianae: downy mildew); Plasmodiophorabrassicae (club root) on cabbage, rape, radish and other plants; Plasmopara spp., e.g. P. viticola(downy mildew) on vines and P. halstediion sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on rosaceous plants, hop, pome and soft fruits, e.g. P.
leucotrichaon apples; Polymyxa spp., e.g. on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and
sugar beets (P. betae) and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides (eyespot, teleomorph: Tapesiayallundae) on cereals, e.g. wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew) on various plants, e.g. P. cubensison cucurbits or P. humilion hop; Pseudopeziculatracheiphila (red fire disease or rotbrenner, anamorph: Phialophora) on vines; Puccinia spp. (rusts)on various plants, e.g. P. triticina (brown or leaf rust), P. striiformis (stripe or yellow rust), P. hordei(dwarf rust), P. graminis(stem or black rust) or P. recondita(brown or leaf rust) on cereals, such ase.g. wheat, barley or rye (P. recondita), P. kuehnii(orange rust) on sugar cane and P. asparagionasparagus, P. coronata(crown rust) and P. graminis(stem rust) on oats, P. arachidis(rust) on peanut;Pyrenophora(anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis(tan spot) on wheat, P. feres(net blotch) on barley, or P. avenae(leaf blotch) on oats; Pyricularia spp., e.g. P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthegrisea, rice blast) on rice and P. griseaon turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice,corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e.g.P. ultimumor P. aphanidermatum); Ramularia spp., e.g. R. collo-cygni(Ramularia leaf spots,physiological leaf spots) on barley and mint, and R. beticolaon sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. On cotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants, e.g.R. solani(root and stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani(sheath blight) on rice and peanut, or R. cerealis(Rhizoctonia spring blight) on wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer(black mold, soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, vines and tomatoes; Rhynchosporiumsecalis (scald) on barley, rye andtriticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on vegetables and field crops, such as rape, sunflowers (e.g. S. sclerotiorum) and soybeans (e.g. S. rolfsiior S. sclerotiorum), S. minor (sclerotinia blight) on peanut, S. sclerotiorum(white mold) on potato; Sclerotium spp. on peanut (e.g. S. rolfsii); Septoria spp. on various plants, e.g. S. glycines(brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici(Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. nodorum (syn.Stagonospora) (Stagonospora blotch) on cereals, S. avenae (Septoria blotch) on oats, S. linicola (pasmo) on flax seed; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator(powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidiumtuckeri)on vines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn (e.g. S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporiumturcicum)and turf; Sphacelotheca spp. (smut) on corn, (e.g. S. reiliana: head smut), sorghum und sugarcane;Sphaerothecafuliginea(powdery mildew) on cucurbits; Spongosporasubterranea(powdery scab) onpotatoes and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e.g. S. nodorum(Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria (syn. Phaeosphaeria) nodorum) on wheat, septrotialeaf and glume blotch on rye; Stemphyllium spp. e.g. stemphyllium leaf spot on cotton, Synchytriumendobioticumon potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e.g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease)on peaches and T. pruni(plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pomefruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. basicola(syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (common bunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e.g. T. tritici(syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa(dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhulaincarnata(grey snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e.g.U. occulta (stem smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetables, such as beans (e.g. U.appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e.g. U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose smut) oncereals (e.g. U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e.g. U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp.(scab) on apples (e.g. V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such asfruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e.g. V. dahliaeon strawberries,rape, potatoes and tomatoes.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a fungicidal combination or composition comprising of Cymoxanil, Boscalid and Chlorothalonil to control the pathogenic microorganism on economically important crops such as rice, chilli, apple, peppers, soybean, cotton, chick pea, pigeon pea, Grapes, Apple and pomegranate, tea, potato, and tomato.
In yet another embodiment, the combination or the composition of the present invention is particularly important for controlling a multitude of undesired pathogenic microorganisms, on various cultivated plants or plant parts, such as cereals, e.g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e.g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e.g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; leguminous plants, such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoabeans, castor oil plants, oil palms, ground nuts or soybeans; cucurbits, such as squashes, cucumber or melons; fiber plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; sweet leaf (also called Stevia); natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, such as flowers, shrubs, broadleaved trees or evergreens, e.g. conifers; and on the plant propagation material, such as seeds, and the crop material of these plants.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a combination/composition that shows enhanced action against undesired pathogenic microorganisms, in comparison to the control rates that are possible with the individual compounds and/or suitable for improving the health of plants when applied to plants, parts of plants, plant propagation materials, or at their locus of their growth.

Examples:
The examples below are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1: Preparation of Fungicidal composition as water dispersible granule (WDG).
In an embodiment, the chemical composition of the present Fungicidal is depicted below in Table 1 (a) below:
Table-1: Composition of the Fungicidal composition
S.no. Ingredients
Percentage range
1 Cymoxanil technical 9.50% m/m
2 Boscalid technical 15.7% m/m
3 Chlorothalonil Technical 23.5% m/ m
4 Naphthalene sulfonate condensate 5.00% m/m
5 Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate 3.00% m/m
6 ß-D-galactopyranosyl-(1?4)-D-glucose 5.00% m/m
7 Ammonium sulphate 5.00% m/m
8 China clay Q.S.
Step 1:
Take China clay into the premixing blender, add surfactants, and mix for 30 minutes.
Step 2:
Add Ammonium sulfate to the above mixture and continue mixing for another 30 minutes.

Step 3:
Add Cymoxanil and Boscalid to the blender one by one, followed by Chlorothalonil. Mix the combined mass for 1 hour.
Step 4:
After 1 hour of mixing, transfer the material to milling using an ACM/Jetmill to achieve a particle size of =15 µm.
Step 5:
After milling, transfer the material to the post blender, followed by dough mixing with water (10-15%).
Step 6:
The dough is then subjected to granulation using a basket extruder, and the resulting granules are dried in an FBD (Fluidized Bed Dryer) at 60°C for 30 minutes.
Table-1(a): Quality parameters of (wettable dispersible granules) WDG formulation
S.no. Parameters Desired Quality
1 Description/physical appearance Material shall be in the form of white to free flowing granules
2 A.I. content of
Cymoxanil 9.5% w/w (±10%)
Boscalid 15.7%w/w (±6%)
Chlorothalonil 23.5%w/w(±6%)
3 Suspensibility shall not be less than 60% w/w.
4 Persistence of foam Persistent of foam shall not be more than 60 ml in 12 min.
5 pH of 1% aq. Solution 4.0- 9.0
6 Water content 5% max
7 Acidity/Alkalinity 0.5% Max
8 Heat stability test Take 100ml sample & keep it in 54°C±2 for 14 days
9 Cold test Take 100ml sample & keep it in 5°C±2 for 14 days

Example-2: Field evaluation of the bio-efficacy of the present Fungicidal composition.
Crop : Tomato
Variety : NS-962
Variety details : High yielding variety of Tomato
Resistance Category : Highlysusceptibleto disease
Year/Season : Kharif and Rabi,2023-24
Locations : Shivpuri (MP)
Soil type : Sandy clay
Irrigated/Rainfed : Irrigated

Experimental design Randomized Block Design
Replication 3
Treatments 9
Crop Tomato
Variety NS-962

Application method Foliar Spray with Knapsack Sprayer fitted with hollow
Cone nozzle after mixing with 500L water/ha

Application Method: Measured quantity of the chemical was added to required volume of water @ 500L/ha for spraying. The spray tank was filled with ½ the quantity of clean required volume of water and then the measured chemical (according to the dose) was added followed by the rest half quantity of water. The solution was stirred well and thorough coverage was ensured.
Study details:
a) Evaluation of Bioefficacy of Early blight and Late blight diseases on Tomato and Potato

Take observations before every application(BA) and 15 days after last application (DAA). Disease assessment should be done as per rating scale of 0 to 9 given by Mayee&Datar (Phyto Pathometery, 1986).

0: Not seen on field.
1: Only a few affected here and there. Unto 10 spots per plants.
3: About 50 spots per plant.
5: Nearly every leaflet with lesions, plants still remaining in normal form although every plant is affected.
7: Every plant affected and about ½ of the leaf area destroyed by blight.
9: About ¾ of leaf area destroyed by blight (only a few leaves left green) or all leaves dead/stems dead or drying.

Sum of all the numerical disease rating
% Disease Index (PDI) = -------------------------------------------------------------------- X100
Total No. of plants (10) X Maximum disease grade in scale (9)

Evaluation of Phytotoxicity
Visual observations were recorded at 3, 7 and 10 days after application (DAA). The parameters observed were leaf injury on tip/surface,
necrosis, vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty and wilting. For the rating on phytotoxicity the core Scale of 0–10 was followed for leaf injury
on tips/surface.

Phytotoxicity symptoms scoring and rating for leaf injury on tip/surface
Leaf injury on tips/surface Rating
0% 0
1-10% 1
11-20% 2
21-30% 3
31-40% 4
41-50% 5
51-60% 6
61-70% 7
71-80% 8
81-90% 9
91-100% 10

Treatment details:
Table-2: Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG.
Protocol-A: [(Code: JU (3) VF-091523)] Treatment details
Sr. No. Treatment details Individual component dosages
(g a.i./ha) Combined dosages of all components
(g a.i./ha) Formulation dose/ha (ml/gm)
T-1 Untreated - - -
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) - 600 1200
T-3 Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) - 300 600
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) - 937 1250
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 + 300 + 937 1837 3050
T-6 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 52.88 + 88.03 + 131.91 272.81 562.50
T-7 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 72.00 + 117.75 + 176.25 366.00 750.00
T-8 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 88.13 + 146.72 + 219.84 454.69 937.50
T-9 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 141 + 234.75 + 351.75 727.50 1500
Table-3: Synergistic effect of fungicidal combination against Early and Late blight diseases on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application) Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) VF-091523
Sr. No. Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose Formulation/ha (g/ml) PDI (BA-1) PDI (15DAA-1) Disease Control (%) PDI (15DAA-2) Disease Control (%)
T-1 Untreated - - 0.17 0.60 0.00 0.84 0.00
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) 600 1200 0.16 0.34 43.28 0.47 44.09
T-3 Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) 300 600 0.15 0.32 47.76 0.43 48.39
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) 937 1250 0.17 0.33 44.78 0.46 45.16
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 + 300 + 937=1837 3050 0.16 0.15 74.63 0.09 89.25
T-6 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 52.88 + 88.03 + 131.91 562.50 0.17 0.21 65.67 0.17 79.57
T-7 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 72.00 + 117.75 + 176.25 750.00 0.15 0.16 73.13 0.10 88.17
T-8 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 88.13 + 146.72 + 219.84 937.50 0.17 0.15 74.63 0.09 89.25
T-9 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 141 + 234.75 + 351.75 1500 0.16 0.14 76.12 0.08 90.32

Table-4: Bio-efficacy of test fungicides on marketable yield of Tomato, Kharif and Rabi ,2023-24
Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) VF-091523

Sr. no.
Treatment details Dosage (ga.i./ha) Fruit yield (kg/ha) Percent
Increase over control
T-1 Untreated - 123.4 0.00
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) 600.00 149.3 20.99
T-3 Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) 300.00 151.5 22.77
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) 937.00 152.3 23.42
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 1837.00 156.5 26.82
T-6 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 272.81 163.4 32.41
T-7 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 366.0 175.4 42.14
T-8 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 454.69 176.5 43.03
T-9 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 727.50 177.8 44.08

Table-5: Phytotoxicity of fungicidal combinationagainst Early and Late blight on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application).
Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) VF-091523
Sr. No. Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose Formulation/ha (g/ml) 3 DAA1 7 DAA1 10 DAA1 3 DAA2 7 DAA2 10 DAA2
T-1 Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) 600 1200 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) 300 600 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) 937 1250 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 + 300 + 937=1837 3050 2 3 4 5 6 7
T-6 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 52.88 + 88.03 + 131.91 562.50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 72.00 + 117.75 + 176.25 750.00 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 88.13 + 146.72 + 219.84 937.50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG 141 + 234.75 + 351.75 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0

Evaluation of bio-efficacy of Early blight& Late blight diseases on Tomato crop:
The study evaluated a newly formulated Trimix-Fungicide [Coded as JU (3) VF-091523], which includes Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG, for controlling Early and Late blight in tomato crops. Treatment effectiveness was assessed across various formulations and application frequencies, with findings summarized as follows:
1. Protocol-A: Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination (T-7 to T-9)
• Composition: Cymoxanil 9.5%, Boscalid 15.7%, Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG.
• Application Interval: 15 days.
• Effectiveness: Treatments T-7 to T-9 provided the highest and longest-lasting control over Early and Late blight compared to standard market products and untreated controls.
• Phytotoxicity: No adverse effects (e.g., leaf injury or necrosis) were observed on tomato plants at the tested dosage of 750 g/ha (72.00 + 117.75 + 176.25 g a.i./ha), even with multiple applications.
• Synergy of Active Ingredients: The unique combination and specific ratios of the active ingredients appear to create a synergistic effect, enhancing disease control without causing phytotoxicity.
2. Comparison with Market-Standard Products
• Tank-Mix Application: A tank-mix combination of individual market-standard products (T-5) provided disease control but resulted in phytotoxic symptoms, such as leaf tip injury and necrosis. This may be due to antagonistic interactions and high concentrations of active ingredients when mixed together.
• Lower Dosage Comparison: Lower dosages (T-6) of the Novel Trimix-Fungicide were less effective, indicating the importance of optimized dosage.

3. Best Performing Treatment (T-7)
• Optimal Dosage: Treatment-7, applying 750 g/ha of the formulation (Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG), was observed to be the most suitable, effective, and economical for blight management in tomatoes.
4. Impact on Yield
• Yield Results (Table 4, Protocol-A): The Trimix-Fungicide increased fruit yield significantly, achieving 175.4 to 177.8 q/ha, an improvement of 42.14% to 44.08% over other treatments. Yields among Treatments T-7 to T-9 were closely aligned, demonstrating consistent efficacy across dosages.
Conclusion
The Novel Trimix-Fungicide Combination (Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG), especially in Treatment-7 at 750 g/ha, proved highly effective against Tomato Early and Late blight without adverse effects on crop health. This formulation optimizes disease management, boosts yield, and presents a safer alternative to traditional market-standard products.

Table-6: Protocol-B(Code: JU (3) VF-070117) Treatment details
Sr. No. Treatment details Individual component dosages (g a.i./ha) Combined dosages of all components (g a.i./ha) Formulation dose/ha (ml/gm)
T-1 Untreated - - -
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) - 600 1200
T-3 Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) - 300 600
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) - 937 1250
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 + 300 + 937 1837 3050
T-6 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 39.66 + 66.04 + 98.94 204.64 562.50
T-7 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 52.88 + 88.05 + 131.93 272.85 750.00
T-8 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 66.09 + 110.06 + 164.91 341.06 937.50
T-9 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 105.75 + 176.10 + 263.85 545.70 1500

Table-7: Synergistic effect of fungicidal combination against Early and Late blight diseases on Tomatocrop (After First and Second Application).
Protocol-B: Code: JU (3) VF-070117
Sr. No. Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose Formulation/ha (g/ml) PDI (BA-1) PDI (15DAA-1) Disease Control (%)
PDI (15DAA-2) Disease Control (%)

T-1 Untreated - - 0.16 0.62 0.00 0.78 0.00
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) 600 1200 0.17 0.34 44.93 0.44 43.68
T-3 Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) 300 600 0.15 0.32 49.28 0.41 48.28
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) 937 1250 0.17 0.33 46.38 0.43 44.83
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 + 300 + 937=1837 3050 0.16 0.15 75.36 0.10 87.36
T-6 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 39.66 + 66.04 + 98.94 562.50 0.17 0.26 57.97 0.28 64.37
T-7 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 52.88 + 88.05 + 131.93 750.00 0.16 0.22 65.22 0.23 70.11
T-8 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 66.09 + 110.06 + 164.91 937.50 0.15 0.21 66.67 0.23 71.26
T-9 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 105.75 + 176.10 + 263.85 1500 0.17 0.20 68.12 0.22 72.41

Table-8: Phytotoxicity of fungicidal combination against Early and Late blight on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application).
Protocol-B: Code: JU (3) VF-070117

Sno
Treatment details
Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose Formulation/ha (g/ml)
3 DAA1
7 DAA1
10 DAA1
3 DAA2
7 DAA2
10 DAA2
T-1 Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) 600 1200 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) 300 600 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) 937 1250 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 + 300 + 937=1837 3050 2 3 4 5 6 7
T-6 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 39.66 + 66.04 + 98.94 562.50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 52.88 + 88.05 + 131.93 750.00 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 66.09 + 110.06 + 164.91 937.50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Cymoxanil 7.05% + Boscalid 11.74% + Chlorothalonil 17.59% WDG 105.75 + 176.10 + 263.85 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table-9: Protocol-C(Code: JU (3) VF-075919) Treatment details
Sr. No. Treatment details Individual component dosages (g a.i./ha) Combined dosages of all components (g a.i./ha) Formulation dose/ha (ml/gm)
T-1 Untreated - - -
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) - 600 1200
T-3 Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) - 300 600
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) - 937 1250
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 + 300 + 937 1837 3050
T-6 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 66.09 + 110.03 + 164.87 340.99 562.50
T-7 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 88.13 + 146.70 + 219.83 454.65 750.00
T-8 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 110.16 + 183.38 + 274.78 538.31 937.50
T-9 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 176.25 + 293.40 + 439.65 909.30.70 1500

Table-10: Synergistic effect of fungicidal combination against Early and Late blight diseases on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application).
Protocol-C: Code: JU (3) VF-075919
Sr. No. Treatment details Dose (g a.i./ha) Dose Formulation/ha (g/ml) PDI (BA-1) PDI (15DAA-1) Disease Control (%) PDI (15DAA-2) Disease Control (%)

T-1 Untreated - - 0.15 0.64 0.00 0.82 0.00
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) 600 1200 0.17 0.35 45.07 0.47 40.23
T-3
Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) 300 600 0.16 0.32 49.30 0.43 44.83
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) 937 1250 0.17 0.34 46.48 0.46 41.38
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 + 300 + 937=1837 3050 0.15 0.16 74.65 0.08 89.66
T-6 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 66.09 + 110.03 + 164.87 562.50 0.17 0.22 66.20 0.15 80.46
T-7 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 88.13 + 146.70 + 219.83 750.00 0.16 0.17 73.24 0.08 89.66
T-8 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 110.16 + 183.38 + 274.78 937.50 0.17 0.16 74.65 0.07 90.80
T-9 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 176.25 + 293.40 + 439.65 1500 0.16 0.15 76.06 0.06 91.95
g a.i./ha: gram of active ingredient per hectare; PDI: Percent Disease Index / % Disease Index ;BA: Before Application; DAA: Days After Application

Table-11: Phytotoxicity of fungicidal combination against Early and Late blight on Tomato crop (After First and Second Application).
Protocol-C: Code: JU (3) 075919

Sr.no.
Treatment details
Dose (g a.i./ha)
Dose Formulation/ha (g/ml)
3 DAA1
7 DAA1
10 DAA1
3 DAA2
7 DAA2
10 DAA2
T-1 Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-2 Cymoxanil 50% WP (Market standard) 600 1200 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 Boscalid 50% WDG (Market standard) 300 600 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Market standard) 937 1250 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 Cymoxanil 50% WP + Boscalid 50 % WDG + Chlorothalonil 75% WP 600 + 300 + 937 3050 2 3 4 5 6 7
T-6 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 66.09 + 110.03 + 164.87 562.50 1 2 3 3 3 3
T-7 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 88.13 + 146.70 + 219.83 750.00 1 2 3 3 3 3
T-8 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 110.16 + 183.38 + 274.78 937.50 2 3 3 3 3 3
T-9 Cymoxanil 11.75% + Boscalid 19.56% + Chlorothalonil 29.31% WDG 176.25 + 293.40 + 439.65 1500 2 3 4 4 4 4

Comparative Analysis of Protocol-A, Protocol-B, and Protocol-C
In the evaluation of treatments against Tomato Early and Late blight, Protocol-A’s Treatment-7 (Novel Trimix-Fungicidal Synergistic Combination) demonstrated superior efficacy and crop safety relative to Protocol-B and Protocol-C. Here’s a detailed comparison:
1. Protocol-A: Treatment-7
• Formulation: Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG
• Dosage: 750 g/ha (72.00 + 117.75 + 176.25 g a.i./ha)
• Effectiveness: Protocol-A’s Treatment-7 achieved the most effective and long-lasting control of Tomato Early and Late blight among all tested protocols.
• Phytotoxicity: No adverse phytotoxic effects were observed, indicating this formulation’s safety for the crop. The balanced synergy of the active ingredients contributed to both high efficacy and crop health.
• Economics: Treatment-7 was also identified as the most cost-effective solution, supporting high disease control with minimal financial input.
2. Protocol-B: Treatment with Code JU (3) VF-070117
• Phytotoxicity: Protocol-B’s formulation did not cause phytotoxic effects on tomato plants, meaning it was generally safe for crop health.
• Efficacy: However, Protocol-B was less effective in controlling Early and Late blight compared to Protocol-A, making it a less optimal choice for blight management.
• Conclusion: Though safe, Protocol-B fell short in disease control, indicating a lower level of synergy among its active ingredients or a suboptimal concentration ratio.
3. Protocol-C: Treatment with Code JU (3) VF-075919
• Effectiveness: Protocol-C showed improved performance over individual market-standard products and untreated controls, but was not as effective as Protocol-A.
• Phytotoxicity: Protocol-C resulted in noticeable phytotoxicity symptoms, including leaf injuries, tip damage, and necrosis. This was likely due to the higher concentrations of active ingredients in the tank mix, which did not harmonize as effectively as Protocol-A’s balanced formulation.
• Conclusion: Despite its moderate efficacy, Protocol-C’s phytotoxic effects make it less desirable due to potential crop damage and reduced plant health.
Conclusion and Recommendation
Based on the comparative analysis, Protocol-A’s Treatment-7 (Cymoxanil 9.5% + Boscalid 15.7% + Chlorothalonil 23.5% WDG at 750 g/ha) is recommended for managing Tomato Early and Late blight due to its superior efficacy, crop safety, and cost-effectiveness. Protocol-A demonstrated optimal synergy, achieving maximum disease control without phytotoxicity, thereby ensuring both yield improvement and economic advantage for farmers.
,CLAIMS:1. A synergistic combination comprising:
a) cymoxanil or its agrochemically acceptable salt(s) thereof,
b) boscalid or its agrochemically acceptable salt(s) thereof, and
c) chlorothalonil, or its agrochemically acceptable salt(s) thereof; optionally, an addition of one or more insecticide(s), fungicide(s), acaricide(s), nematicide(s), safener(s), herbicide(s) or any combination thereof.
2. The synergistic combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein cymoxanil in an amount ranging of 5 to 30%, boscalidin an amount ranging of 5 to 35%and chlorothalonil in an amount ranging of 10 to 50%.
3. A synergistic composition comprising:
a) cymoxanil or its agrochemically acceptable salt(s) thereof,
b) boscalid or its agrochemically acceptable salt(s) thereof, and
c) chlorothalonil, or its agrochemically acceptable salt(s) thereof; optionally, an addition of one or more insecticide(s), fungicide(s), acaricide(s), nematicide(s), safener(s), herbicide(s) or any combination thereof.
4. The synergistic composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein cymoxanil in an amount ranging of 5 to 30%, boscalid in an amount ranging of 5 to 35%and chlorothalonil in an amount ranging of 10 to 50%.
5. The synergistic composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein agrochemically acceptable additives are selected from the group comprising of solid carrier(s), liquid carrier(s), gaseous carrier(s), binder(s), dispersing/co-dispersing, wetting/co-wetting agents anti-freezing agent(s), Solublizer(s) or a combination thereof.
6. The synergistic composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein said synergistic composition are selected from a suspension concentrate (SC), a wettable powder (WP), a water dispersible granule (WDG), a water dispersible tablet (WT), an ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid (UL), an ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), a water soluble powder (SP), a soluble concentrate (SL), a water soluble granule (SG), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a granule (GR), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion (EW), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), a capsule suspension (CS), an aerosol (AE) or a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC).
7. The synergistic composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preferably composition is a water dispersible granule (WDG).
8. A process for preparation of said composition as claimed in claims 6-7 comprising the steps of:
(a) Take China clay into the premixing blender, add surfactants, and mix for 30 minutes.
(b) Add Ammonium sulfate to the above mixture and continue mixing for another 30 minutes.
(c) Add Cymoxanil and Boscalid to the blender one by one, followed by Chlorothalonil. Mix the combined mass for 1 hour.
(d) After 1 hour of mixing, transfer the material to milling using an ACM/Jetmill to achieve a particle size of =15 µm.
(e) After milling, transfer the material to the post blender, followed by dough mixing with water (10-15%).
(f) The dough is then subjected to granulation using a basket extruder, and the resulting granules are dried in an FBD (Fluidized Bed Dryer) at 60°C for 30 minutes.
9. A method for the management of the undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/ormicroorganisms, said method comprising applying to the phytopathogenic fungi and/or microorganisms the combination as claimed in claim 1 or the composition as claimed in claim.