DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of pesticides. The present invention in particular relates to a synergistic, broad spectrum insecticidal composition comprising Chlorantraniliprole Emamectin benzoate, and Cartap Hydrochloride. The present invention further relates to the process of preparation of said composition and uses thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
Enhancement of agricultural produce requires the protection of the crops and its produce from pest damage. Various chemicals and their formulations have been developed and are in use currently for the effective management of insects and pests. Due to non-judicious use of the hitherto known pesticides, the pests gain resistance and become hard to kill. Physically compatible pesticide mixtures exhibit a better pest management. These mixtures show multifaceted advantages than when applied individually, providing a synergistic effect.
The need for more food has to be met through higher yields per unit of land, water, energy and time. Excessive use of mineral fertilizers and chemical pesticides has caused soil degradation, ground water pollution and the spread of the pest's resistant to pesticides in several areas. Hence their judicious use includes avoiding prophylactic sprays, adopting strip treatment, spot application to only those areas with heavy incidence of pests, application to the soil to avoid direct contact with the natural enemies and using selective or non-persistent pesticides. The systemic pesticides are sprayed at a concentration of 0.02 to 0.05 percent active ingredient. The contact pesticides are sprayed at 0.05 to 0.07 or even 0.1 percent active ingredient. The soil application of the granular systemic insecticides varies from 1 to 2 kg a.i./ha. The fungicides are applied up to 2 g/l depending upon the chemical used, pest species and season of the application.
Processes for insecticidal agents and compositions have been developed to control insect pests and in practice have been used as a single or a mixed agent. However, processes for the economically efficient and ecologically safe insect control compositions are still being sought. A process for the preparation of insecticidal compositions which allows for reduced effective dosage rates, increased environmental safety and lower incidence of insect resistance are highly desirable. Although the rotational application of insect control agents having different modes of action may be adopted for good pest management practice, this approach does not necessarily give satisfactory insect control. Further, even though combinations of insect control agents have been studied, a high synergistic action has not always been found. Obtaining an insecticidal composition which demonstrates no cross-resistance to existing insecticidal agents, no toxicity problems and little negative impact on the environment is extremely difficult.
Thus there is a need to develop and improve insecticidal compositions to increase agricultural yield. The composition should have high synergistic action, no cross resistance to existing insecticidal agents, avoid excess loading of the toxicant to the environment and negligible impact to environmental safety. A need also exists for synergistic insecticidal compositions which could be physico- compatible formulations in the form of storage stable, safely packed, ready to use formulation.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel, stable, synergistic, insecticidal composition comprising Chlorantraniliprole, Emamectin benzoate, and Cartap Hydrochloride as its ingredients.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an insecticidal composition comprising Chlorantraniliprole, Emamectin benzoate as insecticidal active ingredients and Cartap Hydrochloride as a synergist.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an insecticidal composition with enhanced bioefficacy at reduced dosage as compared to individual insecticides when used in isolation.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an insecticidal composition that result in good enhancement in crop yield.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an insecticidal composition that is environmentally safe and non-phytotoxic.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an insecticidal composition that has broad spectrum activity and can be used in a wide variety of agricultural crops.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides a novel, stable, synergistic, environmentally safe, broad spectrum, cost effective insecticidal composition comprising Chlorantraniliprole, as the first active ingredient, Emamectin benzoate as the second active ingredient and Cartap Hydrochloride as the third active ingredient as a synergist.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a novel, stable, synergistic, environment friendly, broad spectrum, cost effective insecticidal composition that is effective in controlling Stem borer, Leaf folder and Whorl maggot on Rice crop.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a stable formulation comprising said insecticidal composition. In a preferred aspect, said insecticidal composition is formulated as granules.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing said insecticidal composition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Those skilled in the art will be aware that the invention described herein is subject to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the invention described herein includes all such variations and modifications. The invention also includes all such steps, features, compositions and compounds referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively, and all combinations of any two or more of said steps or features.
Unless otherwise specified, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of the ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. For further guidance, term definitions may be included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention.
DEFINITIONS
The terms “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item.
The term "Insecticidal" as used herein, refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit, growth rate of insects
The terms “plants” and “vegetation” include, but are not limited to germinate seeds, emerging seedlings, plants emerging from vegetative propagules, and established vegetation.
As used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated. For example, a composition or a method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, or method.
As used herein, the term "agrochemically acceptable salts" are typically acid addition salts of inorganic or organic acids, preferably of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid or benzoic acid.
As used herein, the term “additive(s)” or "auxiliary agent(s)" or “agriculturally acceptable carrier(s)”can be used interchangeably and refers to inert substances which are commonly used as diluent, to provide stability or to increase the activity profile of the composition or formulation with or without having agrochemical activity.
Unless otherwise specified, % refers to % weight; and % weight refers to % of the weight of the respective component with respect to the total weight of the composition.
As used herein, the term “lower” or “minimal” or “minimum” can be used interchangeably and refers to the optimum concentration of active or inactive ingredients of formulation to achieve the expected efficacy.
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a composition of Chlorantraniliprole, Emamectin benzoate, Cartap Hydrochloride comprising organic or inorganic carrier material, including agriculturally acceptable additive(s) selected from the group comprising of solid carrier(s), surfactant(s), binder(s), disintegrating agent(s), wetting agent(s), pH adjuster(s), thickener(s), filler(s), diluent(s), anti-caking agent(s), defoaming agent(s),Adsorbent(s) buffering agent(s), and/or coloring agent(s) or combination thereof. The composition may also contain if desired, one or more auxiliaries customary for crop protection compositions.
Chlorantraniliprole is broad-spectrum anthranilic diamide insecticide interrupts the normal muscle contraction of insects, resulting in death. It adheres to plant 20 surfaces and is most effective when consumed by pests. Therefore, it should only be applied when pest insects are present at damaging levels and are actively consuming plant parts. It is chemically known as 3-Bromo-4'-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2'-methyl-6'-(methylcarbamoyl)pyrazole-5-carboxanilide .
Emamectin benzoate chemically known as (4R)-4-deoxy-4-(methylamino) avermectin B1 benzoate (1:1) is an avermectin insecticide. It is a contact insecticide with negligible toxicity to non-target organisms. It allosterically activates glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) causing paralysis in the insects.
Cartap, chemical name 1, 3-bis- (carbamoylthio) -2-dimethylaminopropane. Cartap is a derivative of nereistoxin, has broad spectrum, and can be used for preventing and treating various pests and nematodes of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, etc. Has little influence on predatory mites. The toxicological mechanism is to block the transmission impulse of nerve cell junction in central nervous system, so as to paralyze insects.
The present invention thus provides an insecticidal composition comprising a) Chlorantraniliproleas the first active ingredient b) Emamectin Benzoate as the second active ingredient and c) Cartap Hydrochloride as the third active ingredients. Wherein, Chlorantraniliproleis present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10% w/w, Emamectin Benzoate is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10% w/w and Cartap hydrochloride is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10% w/w the insecticidal composition.
In a preferred embodiment, Chlorantraniliproleis present in an amount 0.375%w/w, Emamectin Benzoate is present in an amount of 0.75%w/w and Cartap Hydrochloride is present in an amount of 6.00%w/w of the insecticidal composition.
The lists of crops which can be protected by the insecticidal composition of the present invention are GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and Non GMO varieties of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Pearl millet (Pennisetumglaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinamm), Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linumusitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Green gram (Vigna radiata), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Ciceraritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanuscajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotylomauniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsistetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citmlluslanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenariasiceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacuscarota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapasubsprapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangiferaindica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananascomosus), Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) , Sapota (Manilkarazapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiberofficinale), Cumin (Cuminumcyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermumammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum),Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Beilis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus).

The insecticidal composition of the present invention can be used to control the Insects from the order of the Lepidoptera, for example cutworm Agrotisypsilon, sugarcane early shoot borer and top borer Chile infuscatellus, sugarcane stalk borer Chile partellus, sugarcane internode borer Chilosacchariphagus, paddy/rice stem borer,leaf folder whorl maggot, Chile suppressalis, rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocismedinalis, apple colding moth Cydiapomonella, okra fruit borer Eariasvittella, Eariasinsulana, Tomato fruit borer Helicoverpaarmigera, tobacco budworm Helicoverpavirescens, corn earworm Helicoverpazea, cabbage webworm Hellulaundalis, Brinjal fruit and shoot borer Eeucinodesorbonalis, bean pod borer Marucavitrata, Marucatestulalis, armyworm Mythimnaseparata, cotton pinkbollworm Pectinophoragossypiella, citrus leafminer Phyllocnistiscitrella, cabbage butterfly Pieris bras-sicae , diamond backmoth Plutellaxylostella, paddy stem borer Scirpophagaexcerptallis, Scirpophagaincertulas, Scirpophagainnotata, wheat stem borer Sesamiainferens, Sitotrogacerealella, Spilosomaobliqua, Spodopterafrugiperda, Spodopteralittoralis, Spodopteralitura, Trichoplusiani, Tryporyza novella, Tutaabsoluta Beetles (Coleoptera), for example Anthonomusgrandis, Bruchuslentis, Diabroticasemipunctata, Diabroticavirgifera, Dicladispaarmigera, Epila-chnavarivestis, Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichiaconsanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Leptinotarsadecemlineata, Phyllotretachrysocephala, Popillia japonica.
In a more preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention is formulated in the form of Granules comprising a Surfactants, Buffer, Adsorbents, Coloring agents, Binder and Carrier.
Surfactant(s) (a dispersing agent, a wetting agent, a spreader, an adjuvant for penetration
enhancement, rain fastness, soil leaching control etc.) are nonionic or anionic surfactants or a
combination of these surfactants. It is preferred to use one or more than one kind of surfactant.
Surfactant(s) is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, sugar esters such as sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate; C1-C30 alkylcarboxylate, C1-C20 hydroxyalkylcarboxylate, polymer containing carboxylate, arylcarboxylate, alkylx (e.g. aliphatic diand tricarboxylates) having 2 to 32 carbon atoms, such as aconitic acid, adipic acid, aspartic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, galactaric acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, oxoglutaric acid, maleic acid,malic acid, malonic acid, oxalate, sebacic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid; alkyl polyglucoside such as decyl glucoside; polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, or polyoxyethylene coconut fatty alcohol ether; polyoxyethylene alkyl amines such aspolyoxyethylene stearyl amine; polyoxyethylene fatty acid amide such as lauric acid diethanolamid; fluorinated surfactant; alkyl sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate; sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate,calcium alkylbenzene sulphonate; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates such as sodiumpolyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate; polyoxyethylene aryl ether sulfates such as sodiumpolyoxyethylenenonylphenyl ether sulfate or ammonium polyoxyethylenetristyrylphenyl ethersulfate; aryl sulfonate such as calcium benzene sulfonate calcium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodiumnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate (MORWET® D-425) orsodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate; poly aryl phenyl ether sulphate ammoniumsalt; ‘alpha’-olefin sulfonate; lauryl sulfosuccinate, laureth sulfosuccinate, laureth-5 sulfosuccinate, ricinoleamide MEA sulfosuccinate, undecylenearnide MEA sulfosuccinate, diisobutyl sulfosuccinate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, dihexyl sulfosuccinate, dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate, diisodecyl sulfosuccinate, diisotridecyl sulfosuccinate, di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate, di-2-methylamyl sulfosuccinate, dimethylamyl sulfosuccinate, dibutylhexyl sulfosuccinate, diisooctyl sulfosuccinate or their alkalimetal salts, sodium lignosulfonate; polycarboxylic acid sodium salt; N-methyl fatty acid sarcosinate; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate; polyoxyethylene aryl ether phosphates such aspolyoxyethylene phenyl ether phosphate; polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphate; graft copolymers such as polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer; Polymericsurfactants such as Polymethyl Methacrylate - Polyetheylene Glycol Graft Copolymer or Methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate graft polymer with 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid ester with a-methyl-?-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) and Copolymer condensate of EO & PO or mixt. Ofpolyoxyethylene C12-15-alkyl ether and polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene glycol 4-butoxybutylether). These surfactants may be used alone or in combination thereof. The surfactant is present in an amount of from 0.5% to 5 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition
Binder(s) or adhesive-imparting agent(s) is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, dextrin, denatured dextrin, soluble starch, guar gum, xanthan gum, sucrose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum arabic, polyvinyl acetate, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethyl cellulose or its salt, carboxymethylcellulose dextrin, bentonite, polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 6,000 to 20,000, polyethylene oxide having average molecular weight of 100,000 to 5,000,000, natural phosphatide such as cephalinic acid or lecithin. These binders or adhesive imparting agents may be used alone or in combination thereof. The Binders is present in an amount of from 1% to 5 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
Suitable inert carrier(s) for use in the composition include, but not limited to, natural ground minerals, such as kaolin or china clay, alumina, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth, or synthetic ground minerals, such as highly dispersed silicic acid, aluminium oxide, silicates, N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone and calcium phosphates and calcium hydrogen phosphates, crushed and fractionated natural minerals, such as calcite, marble, pumice, precipitated silica, sepiolite, bentonite, river sand, zeolites, starch, sand, talc, quartz, dolomite, synthetic granules of inorganic and organic ground materials and mixtures thereof.
Coloring agent(s) is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, inorganic pigment such as iron oxide, titanium oxide or Prussian blue; organic dye such as alizarin dye, azo dye, metal phthalocyanine dye. These coloring agents may be u 5 sed alone or in combination thereof. The coloring agent is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 2 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition
Suitable Adsorbents for use in composition include, but not limited to ion exchange resins, non-ionic adsorbing resins, gel filtration chromatography, activated charcoal, alumina and silica gel, Silicon dioxide and mixtures thereof.
The buffering agent for Emulsion Concentrate (EC) is selected from but no limited to the group consisting of, citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sorbic acid, BHT (Butylated hydroxylated toluene) or mixture thereof. The Buffering agent is present in an amount of from 0.5% to 2 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition is formulated in a form selected from the group comprising water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates (SC), oil-based suspension concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP), water soluble powders (SP), granules (GR), encapsulated granules (CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG), dry flowables (DF), aqueous Suspo-emulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG). In a preferred embodiment, the Insecticidal composition is in the form of suspension concentrates (SC), water-dispersible granule (WDG) and wettable powder (WP).

In a preferred embodiment, the Insecticidal composition of the present invention is formulated as granules.
Examples:
The examples below are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1: Preparation of Insecticidal composition as Granules (GR).
In an embodiment, the chemical composition of the present insecticidal is depicted below in Table 1 (a) below:
Table-1: Composition of the Insecticidal composition
S.no.

Ingredients
Percentage range

1 Chlorantraniliprole Technical 0.375% m/m
2 Emamectin Benzoate technical 0.75% m/m
3 Cartap Hydrochloride Technical 6.00% m/ m
4 Para Amino Phenol 1.00% m/m
5 Nonylphenol Ethoxylates 1.00% m/m
6 Phosphoric Acid 0.80% m/m
7 Silicon dioxide 02.00% m/m
8 Green Dye 0.20% m/m
9 Polyvinyl alcohol 15% Sol’n 02.00% min
10 Sand Q.S.

Preparation method of Granule (GR)
Step 1. Measure and add the required amount of sand into the concrete mixer.
Step 2. Mix the sand for 30 minutes to ensure consistency.
Step 3. Add a 15% solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to the sand in the mixer.
Step 4. Coat the sand thoroughly with the PVA solution, ensuring even coverage.
Step 5. In a separate kettle, combine appropriate amounts of Chlorantraniliprole, Emamectin Benzoate, and Cartap Hydrochloride technical ingredients.
Step 6. Mix until the ingredients are evenly blended.
Step 7. In another kettle, add Para Amino Phenol, Nonylphenol Ethoxylates, Phosphoric Acid, and green dye.
Step 8. Mix these ingredients for 30 minutes to achieve a uniform mixture.
Step 9. Finally, add the appropriate amount of silicon dioxide to the mixture.
Step 10. Mix for an additional 30 minutes for consistent integration.
Table-1(a): Quality parameters of GR formulation
S.no.
Parameters
Desired Quality

1 Description/ physical appearance
Material shall be in the form of Greenish homogeneous free flowing granules.
2 A.I. content of
Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% w/w (±25%)
Emamectin Benzoate 0.75%w/w (±25%)
Cartap Hydrochloride 6.0% w/w (±10%)
3 Dust Initially non dusty (max 2% dust through 45micron sieve).
4 pH of 1% aq. Solution
3.0- 7.0
5 Heat stability test
Take 100gm sample & keep it in 54°C±2 for 14 days.
Example-2: Field evaluation of the bio-efficacy of the present Insecticidal composition.
Experimental design Randomized Block Design
Replication 3
Treatments 9
Crop Paddy, Oryza sativa Linn.
Plot size (m2) 5 m x 5 m (25 Sq. m.)
Planting spacing 20 cm X 15 cm
Variety Pusa Basmati-1509

Type of formulation Granules (GR)
Application method Uniform broadcasting after mixing with 25kg sand/ha
Time of Application 25 days after transplanting of paddy

Stem Borer (Scirpophagaincertulas):
Before application, a desired concentration of “Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR” was freshly prepared as per each treatment. A desired concentration of insecticide granules was made by mixing the required amount of sand (25kg/ha) for uniform broadcasting and coverage of plot. The treatment was imposed 25 days after transplanting of paddy.
A pre-treatment observation on the percent dead heart was recorded a day before application. The post treatment observation on dead heart was recorded at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after respective applications on 10 randomly selected hills per replication. In each replication the number of damaged tillers (dead heart) and total number of tillers was recorded. The percent dead heart will be worked out by using the formula:

Total no. of dead heart per hill
Dead heart (%) = x 100
Total no. of tillers

Likewise, in each treatment, the percent white ear was recorded at dough stage (90-100 days after planting) and percent will be worked out by

Total no. of white ears per hill
White ears (%) = x 100
Total no. of tillers

Further, in each treatment, the percent reduction of dead heart and white ear over untreated control was worked out using modified Abbot’s formula given below.
100X1–(TaXCb)
P=

(TbX Ca)

Where,
P = Percentage reduction over control
Ta = % dead heart/white ear in treatment after spray
Ca = % dead heart/white ear in untreated control after spray
Tb = % dead heart/white ear in treatment before spray
Cb = % dead heart/white ear in untreated control before spray
(Abbott, 1925; Fleming and Ratnakaran, 1985)
Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrosismedinalis):
Before application, a desired concentration of “Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR” was freshly prepared as per each treatment. A desired concentration of insecticide granules was made by mixing the required amount of sand (25kg/ha) for uniform broadcasting and coverage of plot. The treatment was imposed 25 days after transplanting of paddy.
In each treatment, a day before application, the number of freshly damaged leaves/hill was recorded on 10 randomly selected hills per replication. The post-treatment observations on number of freshly damaged leaves were recorded at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after respective applications and the percent leaf damage will be worked out.
Further, in each treatment, the percent reduction of leaf damage over untreated control was worked out using modified Abbot’s formula given below.
100 X 1 – (Ta X Cb)
P =

(Tb X Ca)
Where,
P = Percentage reduction over control
Ta = Percent leaf damage in treatment after spray
Ca = Percent leaf damage in untreated control after spray
Tb = Percent leaf damage in treatment before spray
Cb = Percent leaf damage in untreated control before spray
(Abbott, 1925; Henderson and Tilton, 1955; Fleming and Ratnakaran, 1985).

Whorl Maggot (Hydrelliaspps):
Before application, a desired concentration of “Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR” was freshly prepared as per each treatment. A desired concentration of insecticide granules was made by mixing the required amount of sand (25kg/ha) for uniform broadcasting and coverage of plot. The treatment was imposed 25 days after transplanting of paddy.
To record the incidence, in each replication a quadrant of 1m X 1m was used for taking observation by counting the total number of plants with in quadrant and number of plants affected with whorl maggot and data obtained was analyzed as per the statistical procedures of quadrant analysis at 1 day before application and 3, 7, 10, 14 days after applications.

Number of leaves damaged
Leaf Damage (%) = x 100
Total number of leaves per hill
Further, in each treatment, the percent reduction of leaf damage over untreated control was worked out using modified Abbot’s formula given below.

100X1–(TaXCb)
P=

(TbX Ca)

Where,
P = Percentage reduction over control
Ta = Percent leaf damage in treatment after spray
Ca = Percent leaf damage in untreated control after spray
Tb = Percent leaf damage in treatment before spray
Cb = Percent leaf damage in untreated control before spray
(Abbott, 1925; Henderson and Tilton, 1955; Fleming and Ratnakaran, 1985)
Marketable Yield:
The harvesting was done at physiological maturity, the grain yield was recorded treatment wise and the data thus collected were subjected for ANOVA (Gomez and Gomez, 1984; Hosmand, 1988). Further, in each treatment the additional gain in yield over untreated control is calculated as below
Yield in treatment – yield in control
Additional gain yield (%) = x 100
Yield in control
Natural enemies:
In each treatment replicated blocks (25m2), the observations on natural enemies viz. predators, spiders and coccinellid beetles were recorded on 10 randomly selected hills at a day before and 1, 7, 10 and 14 days after application. The data was subjected for ANOVA (Gomez and Gomez, 1984; Hosmand, 1988).

Treatment details:
Table 2. Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR
Protocol-A: Treatment details: Code: JU (3) PI-030760:
S.no Treatments Details Individual component dosages (g a.i./ha) Combined dosages of all components (g a.i./ha) Formulation dose/ha (ml/gm)
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 18.75 + 37.50 + 300 356.25 5000
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 28.13 + 56.25 + 450 534.38 7500
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 37.50 + 75 + 600 712.50 10000
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 46.88 + 93.75 + 750 890.63 12500
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 75 + 150 + 1200 1425.00 20000
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) - 40.00 10000
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) - 8.08 425
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) - 1000.00 25000
T-9 Untreated Check - - -

Table-3: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Stem borer, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) PI-030760
S.no
Treatment details Dosage
(ga.i./ha) Percent Dead Heart Percent Reduction Over UT Check
DBA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 356.25 12.81 12.81 8.45 5.48 5.37 74.87
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 534.38 12.06 12.06 8.37 5.35 4.82 77.45
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 712.50 12.73 12.73 7.85 3.79 2.65 87.60
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 890.63 12.81 12.81 7.35 3.75 2.55 88.07
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 1425.00 12.27 12.27 7.27 3.66 2.27 89.38
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 12.82 12.82 10.76 10.27 9.81 54.09
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 12.46 12.46 10.46 10.46 10.46 51.05
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 12.15 12.15 10.27 10.37 9.27 56.62
T-9 Untreated Check - 12.76 13.81 15.89 17.56 21.37 -
DBA- Day before spraying; DAS- Days after spraying; UT- Untreated.

Table-4: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Stem borer, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) (3) PI-030760
Sr. No. Treatment details Dosage
(ga.i./ha) Percent White Ear Percent Reduction Over UT Check
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 356.25 6.05 67.40
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 534.38 5.54 70.15
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 712.50 2.56 86.21
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 890.63 2.30 87.61
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 1425.00 2.22 88.04
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 9.23 50.27
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 10.54 43.21
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 8.82 52.48
T-9 Untreated Check - 18.56 -
DBA-Days before spraying; DAS-Days after spraying; UT- Untreated

Table-5: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Leaf folder, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) PI-030760
Sr. No. Treatment details Dosage (ga.i./ha) Percent Leaf Damage Percent Reduction over UT Check
DBA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 356.25 6.62 6.62 5.59 4.36 2.86 72.68
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 534.38 6.27 6.27 5.37 4.31 2.59 75.26
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 712.50 6.37 6.37 4.54 2.52 1.17 88.83
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 890.63 6.54 6.54 4.42 2.36 1.15 89.02
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 1425.00 6.59 6.59 4.37 2.33 1.10 89.49
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 6.43 6.43 5.31 4.36 4.47 57.31
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 6.42 6.42 5.86 5.37 5.81 44.51
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 6.59 6.59 5.37 4.27 4.27 59.22
T-9 Untreated Check - 6.54 7.37 8.86 9.54 10.47 -
DBA- Day before spraying; DAS- Days after spraying; UT- Untreated

Table-6: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Whorl maggot, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) PI-030760
Sr. No. Treatment details Dosage (ga.i./ha) Percent Leaf Damage Percent Reduction over UT Check
DBA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 356.25 5.27 5.27 4.59 4.36 3.86 64.46
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 534.38 5.62 5.62 4.37 4.31 3.59 66.94
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 712.50 5.27 5.27 3.54 2.52 2.27 79.10
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 890.63 5.62 5.62 3.43 2.36 2.25 79.28
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 1425.00 5.54 5.54 3.37 2.33 2.15 80.20
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 5.37 5.37 4.31 4.36 5.47 49.63
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 5.43 5.43 4.86 4.37 5.81 46.50
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 5.59 5.59 4.37 4.27 5.37 50.55
T-9 Untreated Check - 5.42 6.27 8.37 9.27 10.86 -
DBA- Day before spray; DAS- Day after spray

Table 7. Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against natural enemy complex in Rice, Kharif 2023
Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) PI-030760
Sr. No. Treatments Dosage
(g a.i./ha) Mean No. of spiders/hill Mean No. of coccinellids/hill
1 DBA 7 DAA 10 DAA 14 DAA 1 DBA 7 DAA 10 DAA 14 DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 356.25 1.46 1.24 1.08 0.82 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 534.38 1.65 1.36 1.24 1.15 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 712.50 1.30 1.15 1.26 0.94 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 890.63 1.55 1.28 1.34 1.05 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 1425.00 1.44 1.40 1.15 0.74 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 1.64 1.14 1.20 0.65 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 1.72 1.38 1.21 0.82 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 1.42 1.43 1.21 0.76 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
T-9 Untreated Check - 1.34 1.28 1.18 1.10 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4
DBA- Day before application; DAA- Days after application; UT- Untreated
Phytotoxicity:
In each treatment replicated blocks (25m2), the data on crop response was recorded on 1 day before spray, and subsequently on 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after spray on 10 randomly selected hills on leaf tip injury, yellowing, scorching, chlorosis, epinasty, hyponasty and necrosis by following 1-10 scale (0-100%) where 0 means ‘no phytotoxicity’ and 100 means ‘death of plant’.
Phytotoxicity rating scale:
% Injury Rating % Injury Rating
0-10 1 11-20 2
21-30 3 31-40 4
41-50 5 51-60 6
61-70 7 71-80 8
81-90 9 91-100 10

Table 8. Phytotoxicity of test insecticides for Leaf tip injury, Chlorosis, Scorching, Epinasty & Hyponasty in Rice, Kharif 2023
Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) PI-030760
Sr. No. Treatments
Dosage (ga.i./ha) Leaftipinjury/Chlorosis/Scorching/Epinasty or Hyponasty/Necrosis(%)
1DBA 1DAA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 356.25 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 534.38 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 712.50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 890.63 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 1425.00 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Untreated Check - 0 0 0 0 0 0
DBA-Days before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated

Results:
Evaluation of bio-efficacy of Rice Stem borer, Leaf folder and Whorl maggot:
The study found that a novel Trimix-Insecticide Combination, Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap Hydrochloride 6.0% GR (coded as JU (3) PI-030760), applied at 10,000 gm/ha, was highly effective in controlling key rice pests—Stem borer, Leaf folder, and Whorl maggot. When applied 25 days after transplanting (DAT) in rice, this treatment delivered superior and extended pest control compared to market-standard products and lower dosages of the same formulation, all without phytotoxic effects on the rice crop.

1. Composition and Application:
o Formulation: Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap Hydrochloride 6.0% GR.
o Application Timing: Applied at 25 days after transplanting (DAT) of rice.
2. Effectiveness:
o Treatment-3 (Protocol-A) provided the maximum level and duration of control over Stem borer, Leaf folder, and Whorl maggot, with performance superior to market-standard insecticides and lower dosages of the combination.
o This efficacy is likely due to the positive synergy and unique ratio of the active ingredients, enhancing the control effectiveness.
3. Comparison with Market-Standard Products:
o The Trimix formulation (Treatment-3) outperformed individual market-standard insecticides applied alone (T-6 to T-8) and other lower dosages (T-1 & T-2) of the same combination.
4. Phytotoxicity and Crop Safety:
o No phytotoxicity was observed on the rice crop at the recommended dosage of 10,000 gm/ha, confirming its safety for the crop.
5. Best Treatment Option:
o Treatment-3 (Protocol-A), applied at 10,000 gm/ha (37.50 + 75.00 + 600.00 g a.i./ha), was the most effective and economical solution for managing rice pests without crop damage.

Conclusion: The combination of Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap Hydrochloride 6.0% GR at 10,000 gm/ha is recommended for effective, safe, and economical control of Stem borer, Leaf folder, and Whorl maggot in rice. This novel formulation’s success is attributed to the synergy and optimized ratio of its components, achieving high pest control with no harm to the rice crop.

Table 9: Treatment details: Code: JU (3) PI-028545
Protocol-B: Code: JU (3) PI-028545
Sr. No. Treatment details Individual component dosages (g a.i./ha) Combined dosages of all components (g a.i./ha) Formulation dose/ha (ml/gm)
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 14 + 28 + 225 267.00 5000
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 21 + 42 + 337.50 400.50 7500
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 28 + 56 + 450 534.00 10000
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 35 + 70 + 562.50 667.50 12500
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 56 + 112 + 900 1068.00 20000
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) - 40.00 10000
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) - 8.08 425
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) - 1000.00 25000
T-9 Untreated Check - - -

Table-10: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Stem borer, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-B: Code: JU (3) PI-028545

Sr. No. Treatment details Dosage
(ga.i./ha) Percent Dead Heart Percent Reduction Over UT Check
DBA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 267.00 12.27 12.27 11.61 10.61 9.45 55.57
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 400.50 12.82 12.82 11.47 10.47 8.37 60.65
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 534.00 12.46 12.46 10.55 9.15 7.85 63.09
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 667.50 12.15 12.15 10.29 9.19 7.35 65.44
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 1068.00 12.76 12.76 10.27 9.02 6.27 70.52
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 12.81 12.81 11.29 11.29 9.76 54.11
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 12.06 12.06 11.98 11.98 10.46 50.82
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 12.73 12.73 11.15 11.15 9.27 56.42
T-9 Untreated Check - 12.81 12.86 15.82 17.98 21.27 -
DBA- Day before application; DAA- Days after application; UT- Untreated

Table-11: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Stem borer, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-B: Code: JU (3) PI-028545

Sr. No.
Treatment details
Dosage (ga.i./ha)
Percent White Ear
Percent Reduction Over UT Check
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 267.00 8.55 54.01
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 400.50 7.54 59.44
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 534.00 6.57 64.66
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 667.50 6.30 66.11
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 1068.00 5.81 68.75
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 9.23 50.35
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 10.54 43.30
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 8.82 52.56
T-9 Untreated Check - 18.59 -
DBA-Days before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated

Table-12: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Leaf folder, Kharif 2023-2
Protocol-B: Code: JU (3) PI-028545
Sr. No. Treatment details Dosage (ga.i./ha) Percent Leaf Damage Percent Reduction over UT Check
DBA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 267.00 6.59 6.59 5.59 4.36 4.36 58.56
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 400.50 6.43 6.43 5.37 4.31 4.15 60.55
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 534.00 6.42 6.42 4.54 2.52 3.52 66.54
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 667.50 6.59 6.59 4.42 2.36 3.36 68.06
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 1068.00 6.62 6.62 4.37 2.33 3.15 70.06
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 6.27 6.27 5.31 4.36 4.47 57.51
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 6.37 6.37 5.86 5.37 5.81 44.77
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 6.54 6.54 5.37 4.27 4.27 59.41
T-9 Untreated Check - 6.43 6.59 8.42 9.33 10.52 -
DBA-Days before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated

Table-13: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Whorl maggot, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-B: Code: JU (3) PI-028545
Sr. No. Treatment details Dosage (ga.i./ha) Percent Leaf Damage Percent Reduction over UT Check
DBA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 267.00 5.43 5.43 4.59 4.37 4.33 59.11
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 400.50 5.59 5.59 4.37 4.33 4.25 59.87
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 534.00 5.42 5.42 3.54 3.52 3.51 66.86
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 667.50 5.59 5.59 3.42 3.36 3.27 69.12
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 1068.00 5.62 5.62 3.37 3.33 3.25 69.31
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 5.26 5.26 4.32 3.36 4.47 57.79
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 5.37 5.37 4.86 4.37 5.81 45.14
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 5.54 5.54 4.37 3.27 4.27 59.68
T-9 Untreated Check - 5.59 5.62 7.86 9.54 10.59 -
DBA-Day before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated
Table-14. Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against natural enemy complex in Rice, Kharif 2023
Protocol-B: Code: JU (3) PI-028545

Sr. No.
Treatments Dosage (ga.i./ha) Mean No. of spiders/hill Mean No. of coccinellids/hill
1DBA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA 1DBA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 267.00 1.24 1.40 1.16 2.13 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 400.50 1.12 1.30 1.06 2.45 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 534.00 1.30 1.36 1.25 2.18 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 667.50 1.16 1.43 1.32 2.66 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.28% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.56% + Cartap hydrochloride 4.5% GR 1068.00 1.12 1.33 1.21 2.36 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 1.45 1.65 1.35 2.45 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.3
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 1.32 1.58 1.24 2.62 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.4
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 1.46 1.42 1.12 2.39 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2
T-9 Untreated Check - 1.48 1.33 1.18 2.42 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3
DBA-Days before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated

Protocol-C:
Table 15: Treatment details: Code: JU (3) PI-047975
S.No. Treatment details Individual component dosages
(g a.i./ha) Combined dosages of all components
(g a.i./ha) Formulation dose/ha (ml/gm)
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 23.50 + 47 + 375 445.50 5000
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 35.25 + 70.50 + 562.50 668.25 7500
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 47 + 94 + 750 891.00 10000
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 58.75 + 117.50 + 937.50 1113.75 12500
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 94 + 188 + 1500 1782.00 20000
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) - 40.00 10000
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) - 8.08 250
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) - 1000.00 25000
T-9 Untreated Check - - -

Table-16: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Stem borer, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-C: Code: JU (3) PI-047975
S.no Treatment details Dosage
(ga.i./ha) Percent Dead Heart Percent Reduction Over UT Check
DBA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 445.50 12.73 12.81 8.37 6.48 4.27 80.10
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 668.25 12.81 12.06 7.85 6.35 4.15 80.66
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 891.00 12.27 12.73 7.35 5.79 2.55 88.12
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1113.75 12.82 12.81 7.27 5.75 2.37 88.96
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1782.00 12.46 12.27 7.27 5.66 2.27 89.42
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 12.15 12.82 10.76 10.27 9.81 54.29
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 12.46 12.46 10.46 10.46 10.46 51.26
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 12.81 12.15 10.27 10.37 9.27 56.80
T-9 Untreated Check - 12.06 13.27 15.76 17.89 21.46 -
DBA-Days before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated
Table-17: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Stem borer, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-C: Code: JU (3) PI-047975
Sr. No. Treatment details Dosage
(ga.i./ha) Percent White Ear Percent Reduction Over UT Check
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 445.50 3.54 80.98
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 668.25 3.37 81.89
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 891.00 2.22 88.07
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1113.75 2.12 88.61
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1782.00 2.00 89.25
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 9.23 50.40
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 10.54 43.36
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 8.82 52.61
T-9 Untreated Check - 18.61 -
DBA-Days before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated

Table-18: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Leaf folder, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-C: Code: JU (3) PI-047975
Sr. no. Treatment details Dosage (ga.i./ha) Percent Leaf Damage Percent Reduction over UT Check
DBA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 445.50 6.37 6.37 5.37 4.31 2.82 73.94
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 668.25 6.54 6.54 4.54 3.52 2.52 76.71
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 891.00 6.59 6.59 4.42 2.36 1.27 88.26
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1113.75 6.43 6.43 4.37 2.33 1.23 88.63
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1782.00 6.42 6.42 4.31 2.31 1.10 89.83
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 6.59 6.59 5.31 4.36 4.47 58.69
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 6.42 6.42 5.86 5.37 5.81 46.30
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 6.62 6.62 5.37 4.27 4.27 60.54
T-9 Untreated Check - 6.27 6.82 8.89 9.59 10.82 ¬-
DBA-Days before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated

Table-19: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against Rice Whorl maggot, Kharif 2023-24
Protocol-C: Code: JU (3) PI-047975
Sr. No. Treatment details Dosage (ga.i./ha) Percent Leaf Damage Percent Reduction over UT Check
DBA 3DAA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 445.50 5.42 5.42 4.54 4.31 3.59 65.87
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 668.25 5.54 5.54 4.37 3.52 3.27 68.92
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 891.00 5.59 5.59 3.42 2.36 2.15 79.56
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1113.75 5.43 5.43 3.37 2.33 2.10 80.04
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1782.00 5.42 5.42 3.31 2.31 2.00 80.99
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 5.59 5.59 4.31 3.36 4.47 57.51
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 5.42 5.42 4.86 4.37 5.81 44.77
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 5.63 5.63 4.37 3.27 4.27 59.41
T-9 Untreated Check - 5.37 5.82 7.67 9.37 10.52 ¬-
DBA-Days before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated

Table-20: Bio-efficacy of test insecticides against natural enemy complex in Rice Kharif 2023
Protocol-C: Code: JU (3) PI-047975
Sr. No. Treatments Dosage (ga.i./ha) Mean No. of spiders/hill Mean No. of coccinellids/hill
1DBA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA 1DBA 7DAA 10DAA 14DAA
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 445.50 2.24 1.40 1.16 1.13 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 668.25 2.12 1.30 1.06 1.45 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 891.00 2.30 1.36 1.25 1.18 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1113.75 2.16 1.43 1.32 1.66 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.47% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% + Cartap hydrochloride 7.5% GR 1782.00 2.12 1.33 1.21 1.36 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 2.45 2.65 3.35 3.45 0.6 1.4 2.2 2.3
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 2.32 2.58 3.24 3.62 0.5 1.6 2.3 2.4
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 2.46 2.42 3.12 3.39 0.5 1.4 2.4 2.2
T-9 Untreated Check - 2.48 2.65 3.18 3.42 0.6 1.6 2.4 2.3
DBA-Days before application; DAA-Days after application; UT- Untreated

Table21.Bio-efficacyoftestinsecticidesonmarketableyield of Rice, Kharif2023
Protocol-A: Code: JU (3) PI-030760
Sr. No. Treatments Dosage (ga.i./ha) Grainyield (kg/ha) Percent
Increase over UT Check
T-1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 356.25 4039 22.47
T-2 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 534.38 4107 24.53
T-3 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 712.50 4696 42.39
T-4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 890.63 4703 42.60
T-5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR 1425.00 4709 42.78
T-6 Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR (Market standard) 40.00 3942 19.53
T-7 Emamectin Benzoate 01.90% EC (Market standard) 8.08 3827 16.04
T-8 Cartap hydrochloride 4% GR (Market standard) 1000.00 3951 19.80
T-9 Untreated Check - 3298 -

Results and conclusion
This study tested multiple insecticidal formulations for rice pest management, specifically targeting Rice Stem borer, Leaf folder, and Whorl maggot. The results highlighted Protocol-A's Treatment-3 as the most effective and economically viable solution due to its unique composition and synergistic effect. Here’s a breakdown of the findings across the protocols:
1. Protocol-A: Treatment-3 (Novel Trimix-Insecticidal Combination)
• Formulation: Chlorantraniliprole 0.375% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.75% + Cartap hydrochloride 6.0% GR
• Application Timing: 25 days after transplanting (DAT)
• Effectiveness: Provided maximum control and prolonged protection against targeted pests.
• Phytotoxicity: No adverse effects on the rice crop were observed (Table 8, Protocol-A).
• Impact on Yield: Increased grain yield (4696-4709 kg/ha), representing a 42.39% to 42.78% yield improvement compared to other treatments.
• Impact on Natural Enemies: No significant impact on predatory populations (spiders and coccinellids), indicating safety for beneficial organisms.
• Conclusion: Most suitable in terms of efficacy, crop safety, and cost-effectiveness.
2. Market-Standard Products (Protocol-B and Protocol-C)
• Comparison: Protocol-A’s Treatment-3 outperformed individual market-standard products (T-6 to T-8) and lower dosages (T-1 & T-2).
• Cost Analysis: While Protocol-C's treatments (Tables 16-19) showed good pest control, they were not cost-effective.
• Natural Enemy Impact (Protocol-C): Adverse effects were observed on natural predatory populations (Table 20), indicating a drawback for ecological balance.

3. Synergistic Effect of Protocol-A's Novel Combination
• The combination's success appears linked to the synergistic action and optimal concentration of Chlorantraniliprole, Emamectin Benzoate, and Cartap hydrochloride. This synergy enhances pest control efficacy while preventing phytotoxicity.
4. Conclusion and Recommendation
• Optimal Choice: Protocol-A’s Treatment-3 (10,000 g/ha, delivering 37.5 g Chlorantraniliprole, 75 g Emamectin Benzoate, and 600 g Cartap hydrochloride) is recommended for paddy fields to control Rice Stem borer, Leaf folder, and Whorl maggot.
• Economic Viability: Based on bio-efficacy and cost analysis, this combination offers an economically favorable option for farmers without compromising crop or ecological safety.
In summary, the study highlights Protocol-A's Treatment-3 as the most effective and sustainable solution for rice pest management. Its unique formulation maximizes pest control, yield, and ecological balance, underscoring the importance of formulation optimization.
,CLAIMS:1. An insecticidal composition comprising:
a) chlorantraniliprole in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10% w/w,
b) Emamectin Benzoate in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10% w/w; and
c) cartap Hydrochloride in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10%w/w.
d) agriculturally acceptable Salts.
2. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein Chlorantraniliprole is present in an amount of 0.375% w/w, Emamectin Benzoate is present in an amount of 0.75% w/w and Cartap Hydrochloride is present in an amount of 6.0% w/w.
3. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
4. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3, comprising at least wettable powder comprising a Surfactants, Buffer, Adsorbents, Coloring agents, Binder and Carrier.or any combinations thereof.
5 The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein said Surfactant is present in an amount ranging from 0.5-5% w/w, Buffering agent is present in an amount 0.5-2% w/w, Adsorbent is present in an amount 1-5% w/w, Binder is present in an amount of 1-5% w/w, Coloring agents is and present in an amount of 0.1-2% w/w.
6. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said insecticidal composition is formulated in a form selected from the group consisting of water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates (SC), oil-based suspension concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP), water soluble powders (SP), dry flowables (DF), granules (GR), encapsulated granules (CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG), aqueous Suspo-emulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS), and microgranules (MG).
8. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein said insecticidal composition is formulated in the form of granules (GR)
9. A method for controlling insects in rice, said method comprising treating Rice crop with an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1.
10. A process for preparing an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 Granules formulation, said process comprising:
(a). Measure and add the required amount of sand into the concrete mixer.
(b). Mix the sand for 30 minutes to ensure consistency.
(c). Add a 15% solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to the sand in the mixer.
(d). Coat the sand thoroughly with the PVA solution, ensuring even coverage.
(e). In a separate kettle, combine appropriate amounts of Chlorantraniliprole, Emamectin Benzoate, and Cartap Hydrochloride technical ingredients.
(f). Mix until the ingredients are evenly blended.
(g). In another kettle, add Para Amino Phenol, Nonylphenol Ethoxylates, Phosphoric Acid, and green dye.
(h). Mix these ingredients for 30 minutes to achieve a uniform mixture.
(i). finally, add the appropriate amount of silicon dioxide to the mixture.
(j). Mix for an additional 30 minutes for consistent integration.