DESC:
TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The present invention pertains to the field of energy management systems, specifically a system for estimating the State of Energy (SoE) in metal-air batteries. The invention employs the measurement of conductivity and temperature parameters of the electrolyte for accurate real-time determination of the battery's energy state, facilitating improved energy usage and management.
BACKGROUND
[002] Metal-air batteries are increasingly favoured in applications requiring high energy density and environmental sustainability, such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronics. However, the methodologies currently employed for estimating the State of Energy (SoE) of such batteries are fraught with significant shortcomings. Existing systems predominantly rely on indirect measurements, such as open-circuit voltage or discharge current, which fail to account for the complex electrochemical dynamics of the battery. These conventional techniques yield SoE estimations that are often imprecise, leading to suboptimal utilization of the battery and potential operational inefficiencies.
[003] A persistent limitation in the prior art lies in its inability to adapt to real-time variations in the electrolyte's physical and chemical properties, particularly conductivity and temperature. For instance, electrolyte conductivity is highly sensitive to fluctuations in temperature, discharge cycles, and aging effects. Despite these known dependencies, traditional models employ static estimation algorithms that do not dynamically integrate these evolving factors. Consequently, the SoE values derived using these methods are inherently unreliable, particularly under varying environmental and operational conditions, resulting in a failure to maximize battery efficiency and longevity.
[004] Another critical issue with existing solutions is their lack of adaptability to the dynamic nature of metal-air batteries. Many conventional systems utilize pre-calibrated models that do not adjust to the battery's condition over its lifecycle. This rigidity can lead to excessive discharge, and other inefficiencies that degrade battery performance and safety. In scenarios where precise energy estimation is essential—such as in electric vehicles—these inaccuracies can result in reduced range, unexpected power loss, or even hazardous operating conditions.
[005] Furthermore, the prior art is deficient in offering effective mechanisms for communicating accurate SoE data to external devices or users. Most existing systems do not provide real-time alerts or feedback to indicate critical battery conditions, such as a low SoE or impending failure. This lack of timely information prevents users from taking corrective actions, thereby increasing the likelihood of operational disruptions. The inability to integrate real-time monitoring and communication features limits the utility of such systems in applications requiring high reliability and safety.
[006] The present invention addresses these deficiencies by introducing a system that accurately estimates the SoE of a metal-air battery in real time, dynamically correlating conductivity and temperature measurements with predefined reference values. This system further incorporates advanced communication capabilities to provide actionable feedback and alerts, ensuring improved battery management and operational safety.
OBJECTS
[007] The present invention achieves, at least in part, the following objectives, which are described in various embodiments:
[008] The primary objective of the invention is to provide a system for accurately estimating the State of Energy (SoE) of a metal-air battery by utilizing real-time measurements of electrolyte conductivity and temperature, thereby overcoming the limitations of prior art.

[009] Another objective of the invention is to enable dynamic adjustment of the SoE estimation model through the use of coefficients that are specifically calibrated for the type of electrolyte and temperature range, ensuring precision across varying operational conditions.
[010] Yet another objective of the invention is to integrate a robust alert mechanism that notifies users or operators when the SoE reaches predefined critical thresholds, thereby enhancing safety and enabling timely interventions.
[011] A further objective of the invention is to incorporate wireless communication protocols, such as Bluetooth or Zigbee or NFC or Z-wave or BLE or Wi-Fi, to facilitate the remote transmission of SoE data to handheld devices, mobile applications, or other monitoring systems, ensuring real-time accessibility of battery status.
[012] Still another objective of the invention is to improve battery management by allowing the calculated SoE values to optimize charging and discharging cycles, thereby extending battery life and ensuring efficient energy utilization.
[013] An additional objective of the invention is to ensure compatibility with different metal-air battery configurations and alkaline electrolytes, including potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide, to broaden the applicability of the system.
[014] Finally, the invention aims to provide a user-friendly system that displays the calculated SoE on a local display unit while also allowing for integration with remote monitoring systems and generating actionable insights for users and operators.
SUMMARY
[015] The present invention provides a system for accurately estimating the State of Energy (SoE) of a metal-air battery, addressing the deficiencies of prior art by employing real-time measurements of key electrolyte parameters. The system comprises at least two electrodes, preferably stainless steel plates, immersed in an alkaline electrolyte to measure electrical parameters, and at least one temperature sensor to measure the electrolyte’s temperature. These components are operatively coupled to a Battery Management System (BMS) that processes the data to calculate the SoE dynamically and with high precision.
[016] The BMS incorporates a conductivity measurement module configured to calculate the conductivity of the electrolyte based on electrical parameter measurements obtained from the electrodes. A processing module then correlates the measured conductivity and temperature with predefined reference values, employing a mathematical model that dynamically adjusts for temperature variations and other real-time factors. This model ensures the SoE estimation is both accurate and adaptable to changing operational conditions, improving the reliability of the system.
[017] To facilitate user interaction and system monitoring, the invention includes a display or communication module that presents the calculated SoE to the user. This data can be displayed locally, transmitted to external devices via wireless communication protocols such as Bluetooth or Zigbee or NFC or Z-wave or BLE or Wi-Fi, or integrated into mobile applications for remote monitoring. Additionally, the system includes an alert mechanism that triggers notifications when the SoE falls below or exceeds predefined thresholds, enabling timely interventions and enhancing safety.
[018] The invention further incorporates advanced methodologies to refine the SoE calculation, such as dynamically updating model coefficients based on temperature and electrolyte type. These coefficients are stored in memory and periodically recalibrated using real-time data. The system is optimized for use in various applications, including electric vehicles and renewable energy storage, ensuring enhanced battery performance, operational safety, and user convenience. This comprehensive approach represents a significant advancement over existing methods for SoE estimation in metal-air batteries.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
[019] The foregoing summary and the following detailed description of various embodiments are to be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These drawings are provided solely for illustrative purposes and depict exemplary embodiments of the invention. It should be noted that the disclosed subject matter is not limited to the specific methods, structures, or instrumentalities shown and described herein.
[020] Figure 1 illustrates an electrolyte tank with State of Energy measuring system.
[021] Figure 2 illustrates electrodes and temperature sensor in State of Energy measuring system.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS USED IN THE DESCRIPTION AND DRAWINGS
1 Electrodes
2 Temperature Sensor
3 Battery Management System (BMS)
4 Conductivity Measurement Module
5 Processing Module
6 SoE Display and Communication
7 Wireless Communication
8 Alert System /Mechanism
9 Electrolyte tank

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[022] Embodiments of the present disclosure are elucidated herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[023] Embodiments are presented to comprehensively convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the relevant art. Detailed descriptions encompass various components and methods, facilitating a thorough understanding of the embodiments. It should be understood that the details provided in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, commonly known apparatus structures and techniques are not exhaustively described.
[024] The terminology employed in the present disclosure serves the purpose of elucidating specific embodiments and should not be construed to restrict the scope of the present disclosure. The terms "a", "an", and "the" may encompass plural forms unless context suggests otherwise. Expressions such as "comprises", "comprising", "including", and "having" denote open-ended transitional phrases, indicating the presence of specified features without excluding the addition of other features.
[025] When an element is referenced as being "embodied thereon", "engaged to", "coupled to", or "communicatively coupled to" another element, it signifies direct placement, engagement, connection, or coupling. As used herein, "and/or" encompasses all possible combinations of one or more associated listed elements.
[026] The State of Energy (SoE) in a metal-air battery is a critical parameter that reflects the battery's ability to deliver power. It is influenced primarily by two factors. The first factor is the amount of metal remaining in the battery, which acts as a consumable electrode and serves as the primary fuel source. During the discharge process, the metal undergoes chemical reactions and is gradually consumed. Once the metal is fully depleted, the battery loses its capacity to discharge further energy. Therefore, the remaining amount of metal, as compared to the initial quantity, is a direct indicator of the battery’s remaining energy and its ability to sustain power delivery over time.
[027] The second factor affecting the SoE is the conductivity of the electrolyte. The electrolyte’s resistance plays a significant role in determining the efficiency of energy transfer within the battery, as it constitutes the major source of ohmic drop. A decline in conductivity below a specific threshold results in insufficient power output, rendering the battery incapable of supporting the connected application. Thus, the ability of the battery to deliver energy reliably is directly tied to maintaining the electrolyte's conductivity above this critical value. Consequently, the SoE of the metal-air battery is defined as the lower value between the amount of metal remaining in the battery and the electrolyte’s conductivity.
[028] To determine the amount of metal in the battery, two approaches may be employed. One method involves directly measuring the quantity of unconsumed metal within the battery. Alternatively, the amount of dissolved metal in the electrolyte can be assessed. As the metal is consumed, it dissolves into the electrolyte in the form of metal hydroxide, which has a direct impact on the electrolyte's conductivity. A higher concentration of dissolved metal leads to a corresponding reduction in conductivity, establishing a measurable relationship between these two parameters. This relationship provides an indirect means of estimating the remaining metal content.
[029] By leveraging the relationship between dissolved metal and electrolyte conductivity, it becomes possible to assess both factors that influence the SoE through a single parameter: the conductivity of the electrolyte. As the metal dissolves during battery operation, the resulting hydroxide ions increase the electrolyte’s resistance. Monitoring this change allows for the simultaneous evaluation of the remaining metal in the battery and the electrolyte's ability to conduct electricity. This approach simplifies the estimation of SoE by relying solely on conductivity measurements while accounting for both critical influencing factors.
[030] The proposed method of estimating SoE provides significant practical advantages. The reliance on electrolyte conductivity as the primary metric eliminates the need for complex and intrusive measurements, such as physically assessing the remaining metal in the battery. Instead, the system can achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the battery's energy state using a non-invasive and real-time measurement of conductivity. This simplifies the process and enhances the system's overall efficiency, making it well-suited for integration into the Battery Management System (BMS).
[031] Furthermore, by correlating electrolyte conductivity with the amount of dissolved metal, this method enables a highly accurate and dynamic estimation of SoE under varying operating conditions. Real-time monitoring ensures that the system remains responsive to changes in the battery’s state, providing a reliable measure of remaining energy at any given time. This capability is especially critical in applications where precise energy management and predictive maintenance are essential, such as in electric vehicles or renewable energy storage systems.
[032] In summary, the SoE of a metal-air battery is defined as the minimum of the remaining metal content and the electrolyte conductivity. Through the innovative use of conductivity measurements, this approach allows for a robust, accurate, and non-invasive determination of SoE, addressing both key influencing factors in a single metric. This invention represents a significant advancement in the field of metal-air batteries, enabling more efficient and reliable energy management in a wide range of applications.
[033] The present invention discloses a system for estimating the State of Energy (SoE) of a metal-air battery, incorporating a combination of hardware components and computational processes to achieve accurate and real-time SoE assessment. The system includes at least two electrodes (1) immersed in the electrolyte of the metal-air battery, a temperature sensor (2) operatively coupled to the system, and a Battery Management System (BMS) (3) configured to process the data collected by the electrodes (1) and temperature sensor (2).
[034] The electrodes, identified as at least two electrodes (1), are configured to measure an electrical parameter of the electrolyte. These electrodes (1), in a preferred embodiment, are constructed of stainless steel plates, which provide enhanced durability and resistance to corrosion when exposed to the alkaline electrolyte. The measured electrical parameter, such as voltage or current, serves as a basis for calculating the electrolyte's conductivity, which is a key input for estimating the State of Energy (SoE).
[035] The system described herein further ensures accurate measurement of the electrolyte's conductivity by passing a constant current through the at least two electrodes (1). This constant current setup eliminates variability in the measurement process, ensuring consistent and reliable data acquisition. By maintaining a steady current, the system minimizes the influence of transient fluctuations in the electrolyte, thereby enhancing the accuracy of conductivity calculations and ultimately improving the precision of the estimated State of Energy (SoE) of the metal-air battery.
[036] The temperature sensor (2) is operatively connected to the system and is configured to measure the temperature of the electrolyte. The temperature measurement is critical because the electrolyte's conductivity varies significantly with temperature. The sensor (2) operates within a range of 273 K (0°C) to 373 K (100°C), ensuring compatibility with standard operating conditions for metal-air batteries.
[037] The Battery Management System (BMS) (3) comprises two primary modules: a conductivity measurement module (4) and a processing module (5). The conductivity measurement module (4) calculates the conductivity of the electrolyte based on the electrical parameter measured by the electrodes (1). This calculation forms the foundation for further processing by the processing module (5).
[038] The processing module (5) is configured to estimate the SoE of the metal-air battery by correlating the measured conductivity and temperature with predefined reference values. In one embodiment, the SoE is calculated using the following equation:
SoE=A·x2+B·x+C
where A, B, and C are coefficients specific to the electrolyte type, and x represents the measured conductivity.
[039] In an alternative embodiment, when the impact of temperature on conductivity is significant, the SoE is calculated using the equation:
SoE=A(T)·x2+B(T)·x+C(T)
where A(T) B(T), and C(T) are coefficients that vary as a function of temperature T. These coefficients are calibrated for the specific type of electrolyte and are stored in a memory module for dynamic access based on real-time measurements.
[040] The coefficients A, B, and C in the first embodiment, or A(T), B(T), and C(T) in the second embodiment, are determined dynamically for each temperature range and are periodically updated to ensure accurate SoE estimation. For example, the coefficient A may range from -0.001 to 0.001, B may range from 0 to 1, and C may range from -100 to 100, depending on the type of electrolyte used.
[041] The State of Energy (SoE) for the metal-air battery system is presented as a mathematical relationship that varies with system temperature and the measured conductivity of the electrolyte. The conductivity x, measured in milliSiemens per centimeter (mS/cm), is obtained using precision instruments designed for this purpose. The system employs one or more sensors for measuring conductivity and one or more temperature sensor (2) for measuring temperature These sensors work in conjunction with the described equations to provide accurate and dynamic estimations of SoE across different temperatures.
[042] For any measured temperature within the system, the corresponding equation calculates the State of Energy (SoE) as a percentage. This ensures a precise understanding of the battery's energy state, enabling better energy management. [043] The equations below detail the relationships for various temperature conditions, where x denotes the measured conductivity:
Temperature
(In Kelvin) State of Charge (in %)
[x refers to Conductivity in mS/cm]
283 K -0.0005x2 + 0.6149x - 63.224
288 K -0.0003x2 + 0.4602x - 51.982
293 K -0.0002x2 + 0.3819x - 47.053
298 K -0.0001x2 + 0.3485x - 46.802
303 K -0.0001x2 + 0.3374x - 49.3
308 K -0.0002x2 + 0.3411x - 54.261
313 K -0.0002x2 + 0.351x - 60.78
318 K -0.0002x2 + 0.3569x - 67.06
323 K -0.0002x2 + 0.3542x - 71.998
[044] By employing these temperature-specific equations, the system ensures a highly accurate determination of SoE, irrespective of variations in operating conditions. The conductivity values, measured in real-time, dynamically correlate to the State of Energy, providing actionable insights into the battery’s performance and capacity.
[045] This approach eliminates the need for static or generalized models, offering a tailored estimation based on the specific conditions within the battery. It also enhances the adaptability and reliability of the system, making it suitable for applications across a wide range of environments.
[046] The use of precise mathematical modeling in conjunction with advanced sensors ensures that the SoE estimation process is efficient, non-intrusive, and reliable. Furthermore, this system enables proactive battery management, improving operational efficiency and extending the battery's lifespan.
[047] The system also considers various types of alkaline electrolytes, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide. Each electrolyte type influences the calibration of the coefficients and the operational parameters of the system, making the invention adaptable to diverse applications.
[048] The calculated State of Energy (SoE) is displayed on a display unit (6) for direct user interaction. Additionally, the system includes wireless communication (7) capabilities, enabling the transmission of SoE data to handheld devices, mobile applications, or remote monitoring systems. This feature allows users to access real-time battery status information, facilitating efficient energy management.
[049] The system incorporates an alert system / mechanism (8) that triggers an alert or notifications when the SoE falls below or exceeds predefined thresholds. Alerts are delivered through various communication methods, including SMS, email, or push notifications. These notifications may include details such as the current SoE value, the battery’s temperature, and the conductivity of the electrolyte, along with recommended actions or troubleshooting steps.
[050] In a preferred embodiment, the system supports remote monitoring by transmitting SoE details via wireless communication protocols such as Bluetooth or Zigbee or NFC or Z-wave or BLE or Wi-Fi. The SoE data may also be transferred via email to designated recipients, providing an additional layer of accessibility for battery management.
[051] To optimize battery performance, the calculated SoE values are utilized by the Battery Management System (BMS) (3) to regulate charging and discharging cycles. This feature prolongs the battery's lifespan, enhances energy efficiency, and reduces risks associated with overcharging or deep discharging.
[052] Furthermore, the invention enables a dynamic update mechanism for the coefficients A(T), B(T), and C(T), based on continuous data acquisition from the electrodes and temperature sensor. This mechanism ensures that the SoE estimation remains accurate even under varying operational conditions.
[053] The design ensures that the distance between the electrodes does not significantly affect the accuracy of the conductivity measurements, as the electrolyte itself exhibits higher resistance compared to the electrodes. This minimizes the impact of electrode size on the measurement process. While electrode fouling could occur in a two-electrode configuration due to deposit formation altering resistance, the four-electrode system described herein mitigates this issue, as fouling primarily occurs at the end-to-end plates without affecting the middle pair responsible for conductivity measurements. This configuration ensures stable and reliable conductivity readings, even in the presence of potential depositors in the electrolyte.
[054] The system is designed to be compatible with a wide range of metal-air batteries, making it suitable for applications in industrial, automotive, and renewable energy storage systems. Its ability to provide precise and real-time SoE assessments addresses the limitations of conventional systems, offering significant advantages in terms of reliability, adaptability, and user interaction.
[056] In summary, the disclosed system integrates advanced sensing, processing, and communication technologies to deliver a comprehensive solution for State of Energy (SoE) estimation in metal-air batteries. By leveraging real-time data and dynamic calibration, the system ensures efficient energy management and operational optimization, making it a valuable contribution to the field of battery technology.
[057] Technical Advantages of the Invention: The present invention introduces a sophisticated system for estimating the State of Energy (SoE) of a metal-air battery, offering numerous technical advantages over existing methodologies. Unlike conventional systems that rely on approximations or static parameters, this invention integrates real-time conductivity and temperature measurements, ensuring precise and dynamic SoE estimation. This significantly enhances the reliability of the system, even in scenarios involving fluctuating environmental or operational conditions.
[058] One of the most noteworthy technical advancements is the use of stainless steel (SS) electrodes. In comparison to electrodes made of costly materials such as titanium or platinum, stainless steel provides a robust and economical alternative. This not only reduces production costs but also ensures high durability and resistance to corrosion, making the system more practical for large-scale or commercial applications.
[059] The dynamic calculation of coefficients specific to the electrolyte is another critical technical advantage. These coefficients, which adapt to varying temperature ranges and real-time conductivity measurements, ensure accurate SoE estimation across diverse operating conditions. This adaptability is particularly beneficial for applications in extreme temperature environments, where conventional systems often fail to provide reliable results.
[060] The integration of a processing module (5) within the Battery Management System (BMS) (3) further enhances the invention’s operational efficiency. By seamlessly correlating real-time conductivity and temperature data with predefined reference values, the system eliminates the need for manual calculations or external computational tools. This not only reduces processing time but also simplifies the system architecture, making it more user-friendly.
[061] Additionally, the invention features wireless communication (7) capabilities, enabling real-time transmission of SoE data to handheld devices, mobile applications, or centralized monitoring systems. This facilitates remote monitoring and allows for seamless integration with advanced energy management systems. Users can leverage this feature to make informed decisions quickly, improving overall energy efficiency.
[062] The proactive alert mechanism (8) integrated into the system adds another layer of technical superiority. By triggering an alert or notifications based on predefined SoE thresholds, the system prevents issues such as overcharging or deep discharging, which are common causes of battery degradation or failure. This feature significantly enhances battery safety and longevity, ensuring uninterrupted performance in critical applications.
[063] The system's ability to operate across a wide range of electrolyte types, including alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide, further underscores its technical versatility. Each electrolyte type is associated with specific calibration coefficients, enabling precise and tailored SoE calculations.
[064] The invention's compatibility with diverse metal-air battery configurations makes it suitable for a broad range of applications, including automotive, renewable energy storage, and portable electronic devices. Its ability to deliver consistent and accurate SoE estimations in real-time sets a new benchmark in battery management technology.
[065] Economical Significance of the Invention: The invention holds substantial economic significance by optimizing the performance and utilization of metal-air batteries, which are renowned for their high energy density and environmental benefits. Accurate SoE estimation minimizes inefficiencies, particularly those associated with overcharging and undercharging cycles, directly extending the operational lifespan of batteries and reducing replacement costs.
[066] The use of stainless steel electrodes instead of titanium or platinum dramatically lowers the manufacturing costs of the system. Stainless steel, being readily available and cost-effective, offers an economical solution without compromising on technical performance or durability. This makes the invention highly scalable for mass production and adoption in both industrial and consumer markets.
[067] The system's reliance on cost-efficient alkaline electrolytes, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide, further contributes to its economic viability. These readily available materials ensure that the operational costs remain low while maintaining the system's overall efficiency and effectiveness.
[068] Real-time monitoring capabilities, coupled with actionable alerts, significantly reduce the need for frequent manual inspections or interventions. This leads to considerable cost savings, particularly for large-scale energy storage applications, where maintenance expenses constitute a major operational burden.
[069] The wireless communication feature eliminates the need for extensive wiring or physical interfaces, reducing infrastructure costs associated with conventional battery monitoring systems. This advantage is particularly valuable in distributed or remote battery setups, such as renewable energy grids or off-grid power solutions.
[070] The invention’s enhanced safety features, including the alert mechanism (8) help prevent potential damage or hazards associated with battery misuse or failure. This reduces liability and repair costs, ensuring safe and reliable operation of devices powered by metal-air batteries.
[071] Overall, the invention provides a comprehensive solution that balances technical excellence with economic practicality. By delivering significant cost savings, operational efficiency, and safety enhancements, the system addresses the needs of diverse stakeholders, including manufacturers, operators, and end-users, making it a transformative innovation in battery management technology.
[072] The embodiments described herein, along with their various features and advantageous details, are explained with reference to specific non-limiting embodiments provided in the following description. Certain well-known components and techniques have been omitted to avoid obscuring the key aspects of the embodiments herein. The examples presented are intended solely to facilitate an understanding of the invention's implementation and to enable those skilled in the art to practice the embodiments described herein. As such, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
[073] The foregoing description of the embodiments fully conveys the general nature and principles of the invention. Those skilled in the art, by applying their current knowledge, may modify or adapt these embodiments for various applications without departing from the fundamental concept of the invention. Such modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope and meaning of the disclosed embodiments. It is understood that the terminology employed herein is for descriptive purposes only and should not be considered limiting.
[074] The expression “at least” or “at least one,” as used in the specification, is intended to encompass one or more elements, components, or quantities, depending on the context of the invention, to achieve one or more desired objectives or results.
[075] References to documents, acts, materials, devices, or articles mentioned in this specification are provided solely to establish context for the invention. Such references should not be construed as admissions that any or all of these elements form part of the prior art or were common general knowledge in the relevant field before the priority date of this application.
[076] The numerical values assigned to various physical parameters, dimensions, or quantities are approximate and should not be construed as limiting unless explicitly stated otherwise in the specification. It is understood that values slightly higher or lower than the stated numerical values fall within the scope of the invention, unless specifically indicated to the contrary.
[077] While significant emphasis has been placed on describing the components and features of the preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous variations can be made without departing from the principles or spirit of the invention. These changes and alternative embodiments are considered to fall within the scope of the invention as described herein. The foregoing description should be interpreted as illustrative and not restrictive of the disclosure. ,CLAIMS:We Claim:
1. A system for estimating a State of Energy (SoE) of a metal-air battery, comprising:
• At least two electrodes (1) immersed in an electrolyte of the metal-air battery, the electrodes (1) is configured to measure an electrical parameter of the electrolyte;
• At least one temperature sensor (2) operatively coupled to the system, the temperature sensor (2) configured to measure temperature of the electrolyte;
• A Battery Management System (BMS) (3) operatively coupled to the electrodes (1) and the temperature sensor (2), the BMS (3) comprising:
i. A conductivity measurement module (4) configured to calculate conductivity of the electrolyte based on the measured electrical parameter; and
ii. A processing module (5) configured to estimate the State of Energy (SoE) of the battery by correlating the measured conductivity and temperature with predefined reference values.

2. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the at least two electrodes (1) comprise stainless steel plates.

3. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is an alkaline solution.

4. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the State of Energy (SoE) is calculated using the following equation:
SoE = A · x² + B · x + C
wherein:
A, B, and C are coefficients specific to the electrolyte.

5. The system as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the coefficient A ranges from -0.001 to 0.001.

6. The system as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the coefficient B ranges from 0 to 1.

7. The system as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the coefficient C ranges from -100 to 100 and is dependent on the type of electrolyte used.

8. The system as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the coefficients A, B, and C are determined dynamically for each temperature range and updated periodically based on real-time measurements of conductivity (4) and temperature (2).

9. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the temperature of the electrolyte is within a range of 273 K (0°C) to 373 K (100°C).

10. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the calculated State of Energy (SoE) is displayed on a display unit (6), transferred to a handheld device, or communicated as alerts to a user through an alert mechanism (8).

11. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the State of Energy (SoE) is calculated using the following equation:
SoE = A(T) · x² + B(T) · x + C(T)
wherein:
A(T), B(T), and C(T) are coefficients that vary as a function of temperature (T), calibrated for the specific type of electrolyte; and
C(T) is a value specific to the electrolyte type.
12. The system as claimed in Claim 11, wherein the coefficients A(T), B(T), and C(T) are predetermined and stored in a memory, dynamically accessed based on the real-time temperature (T) and conductivity (4) measurements.

13. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the calculated State of Energy (SoE) is transmitted to a handheld device or mobile application via wireless communication (7) for remote monitoring.

14. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the State of Energy (SoE) is used to trigger the alerts to a user or operator based on predefined thresholds, including low or high SoE levels, to facilitate timely interventions.

15. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the alkaline solution is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide, with the formula for estimating the State of Energy (SoE) being specific to the electrolyte used.

16. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the calculated State of Energy (SoE) values are utilized by the Battery Management System (BMS) (3) to optimize charging and discharging cycles in real time.

17. The system as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the calculated State of Energy (SoE) is displayed on the display unit (6), and is also transmitted to a handheld device or mobile application via wireless communication (7) for remote monitoring.

18. The system as claimed in Claim 17, wherein the State of Energy (SoE) details are transmitted to a user’s mobile device or application in real time via a wireless communication protocol, such as Bluetooth or Zigbee or NFC or Z-wave or BLE or Wi-Fi.
19. The system as claimed in Claim 17, wherein the State of Energy (SoE) details are also transferred via email to a designated recipient for remote access and monitoring of the battery status.

20. The system as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the State of Energy (SoE) is used to trigger alerts to a user or operator when the SoE falls below a predefined threshold or exceeds a predefined threshold, indicating a potential issue with the battery.

21. The system as claimed in Claim 20, wherein the alert is delivered via at least one of the following communication methods: SMS, email, or push notification to a mobile application.

22. The system as claimed in Claim 20, wherein the alert includes details about the current SoE, the battery’s temperature (2), and the conductivity of the electrolyte (4), and may also include recommended actions or troubleshooting steps.