FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
[39 OF 1970]
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
[See section 10; Rule 13]
TITLE: “METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING REAL¬TIME ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY HVAC UNIT IN A VEHICLE”
Name and Address of the Applicant: TATA MOTORS LIMITED,
Bombay House, 24 Homi Mody Street, Hutatma Chowk, Mumbai 400 001, Maharashtra, India.
Nationality: Indian
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates, in general, to a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method of determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in the vehicle.
BACKGROUND
[0002] In Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Vehicles (HVs), a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit (well known as Air Conditioning unit) is present to maintain the temperature of the vehicle cabin and de-humidifies the vehicle interior to clear fogged windshields. The HVAC unit includes multiple components to function and maintain the temperature of the vehicle cabin. The HVAC unit is one of the biggest consumers of power in the vehicle and this reduces the driving range of the vehicle. Currently, the driver/passenger of the vehicle is unaware about real-time value of the power consumed by the HVAC unit. Particularly, when the HVAC unit of the vehicle is not operated optimally to maintain the cabin temperature, the HVAC unit may consume more power leading to early exhaustion of fuel or battery in the vehicle and causing anxiety in the person driving the vehicle.
[0003] Some of the existing techniques disclose computing power consumed by a compressor based on torque created due to drawing of power by the compressor from the motor shaft to maintain the air conditioner at a certain temperature. However, determining power consumed based on the torque as mentioned above interferes with provision of the engine torque of the vehicle leading to stalling of the engine and driving discomfort. Some other existing techniques compute power consumed by a compressor from a refrigerant temperature measurement at the condenser to calculate the refrigerant flow rate. However, refrigerant flow rate is determined from rotational speed of the compressor and difference between outside temperature of air and temperature of a condenser leading to inaccurate determination of power consumed by the compressor. Also, existing techniques fail to consider all the components of the air conditioner having an electrical impact along with the power consumed by the compressor while determining overall power consumed by the air conditioner. Determination of power consumed based on partial inputs leads to inaccuracy and using such results for estimating driving range fails to provide correct recommendations to user. Yet other existing techniques, power consumed by the compressor is determined in different states of the clutch based on

thermodynamic balance of condensing member and function of outside temperature of the air passing through condensing member. However, these techniques are not only processor heavy and complex in nature, but also fail to use parameters that provide precise details regarding refrigerant state and compressor to determine power consumed by the compressor.
[0004] The information disclosed in this background of the disclosure section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
SUMMARY
[0005] Disclosed herein is a method of determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle. The method comprises receiving, by an energy consumption monitoring unit, values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across a compressor, from a plurality of first sensors associated with the compressor, in real-time. Further, the method comprises determining refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on at least one of a correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters and compressor properties. Thereafter, the method comprises determining power consumed by the compressor based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet. Finally, the method comprises determining total power consumed by a HVAC unit based on the power consumed by the compressor and power consumed by one or more other components of the HVAC unit.
[0006] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the plurality of first sensors comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor.
[0007] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the plurality of predefined parameters related to the refrigeration state across the compressor comprises at least one of temperature of a refrigerant and pressure of the refrigerant.
[0008] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the compressor properties comprises at least one of amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle by the compressor and speed of the compressor per unit time.

[0009] In an embodiment of the disclosure, determining the mass flow rate comprises computing density of a refrigerant based on the correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters related to the compressor. Further, estimating volume of the refrigerant being pumped by the compressor per unit time based on amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle and speed of the compressor per unit time. Thereafter, determining the mass flow rate based on the density of the refrigerant, volume of the refrigerant being pumped per unit time and speed of the compressor per unit time.
[0010] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the method further includes determining, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, power consumed by powertrain and an auxiliary system of the vehicle and determining, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, a Distance to Empty (DTE) value based on the total power consumed by the HVAC unit, the power consumed by the powertrain, the auxiliary system of the vehicle and at least one of State of Charge (SoC) of battery and fuel level in the vehicle.
[0011] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the method further includes recommending, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, an optimal cabin temperature for the vehicle determined based on the DTE value and the total power consumed by the HVAC unit.
[0012] In embodiment of the disclosure, the method further includes transmitting, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, one or more notifications of total power consumed by the vehicle to one or more users related to the vehicle through a display device.
[0013] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the one or more other components of the HVAC unit comprises at least one of a compressor clutch, a blower fan, and condenser and fan.
[0014] In an embodiment of the disclosure, determining the power consumed by the one or more other components of the HVAC unit comprises receiving a voltage value and a current value measured across the one or more other components of the HVAC unit by a plurality of second sensors associated with the one or more other components of the HVAC unit, wherein the plurality of second sensors comprises a voltage sensor and a current sensor and determining the power consumed by each of the one or more other components of the HVAC unit using the corresponding voltage value and the current value.
[0015] Further, the present disclosure relates to an energy consumption monitoring unit for determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning

(HVAC) unit in a vehicle. The energy consumption monitoring unit comprises a processor and a memory. The memory is communicatively coupled to the processor and stores processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the microcontroller to receive values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across a compressor, from a plurality of first sensors associated with the compressor, in real-time. Further, the processor determines refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on at least one of a correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters and compressor properties. Thereafter, the processor determines power consumed by the compressor based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet. Finally, the processor determines total power consumed by a HVAC unit based on the power consumed by the compressor and power consumed by one or more other components of the HVAC unit.
[0016] Furthermore, the present disclosure relates to a system for determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle. The system comprises a HVAC unit comprising a compressor and one or more other components, a plurality of first sensors associated with the compressor and an energy consumption monitoring unit. The energy consumption monitoring unit is configured to receive values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across a compressor, from a plurality of first sensors associated with the compressor, in real-time. Further, the energy consumption monitoring unit determines refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on at least one of a correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters and compressor properties. Thereafter, the energy consumption monitoring unit determines power consumed by the compressor based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet. Finally, the energy consumption monitoring unit determines total power consumed by a HVAC unit based on the power consumed by the compressor and power consumed by one or more other components of the HVAC unit.
[0017] The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, explain the disclosed principles. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the figures to reference like features and components. Some embodiments of system and/or methods in accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described, by way of example only, and regarding the accompanying figures, in which:
[0019] FIG. 1 shows an overview of the proposed energy consumption monitoring unit, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 2 shows a detailed block diagram of the proposed energy consumption monitoring unit, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 3A shows a flowchart illustrating a method of determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 3B shows a flowchart illustrating a method of determining the Distance to Empty (DTE) value, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computer system for implementing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure.
[0024] It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative systems embodying the principles of the present subject matter. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and executed by a computer or processor, whether such computer or processor is explicitly shown.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] In the present document, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment or implementation of the present subject

matter described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
[0026] While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the scope of the disclosure.
[0027] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, device, or method that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus proceeded by “comprises… a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or method.
[0028] In an embodiment, the present disclosure proposes a method, a system, and an energy consumption monitoring unit for determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle. In an embodiment, the proposed method receives values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across a compressor, from a plurality of first sensors associated with the compressor, in real-time. Further, the proposed method determines refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on at least one of a correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters and compressor properties. Further, power consumed by the compressor is determined based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet. Finally, the proposed method determines total power consumed by a HVAC unit based on the power consumed by the compressor and power consumed by one or more other components of the HVAC unit.
[0029] In an embodiment, the proposed method determines the total power consumed by the HVAC unit using the real-time values received from the sensors. The real-time values received from the sensors enable determination of refrigerant properties such as enthalpy, density and mass flow rate that enable accurate determination of power consumed by the compressor. This

method of determining the power consumed by the compressor is non-complex and involves less computation, thereby improving efficiency of the energy consumption monitoring unit. Further, the proposed method determines total power consumed by the HVAC unit by considering the power consumed by the compressor and all other components of the HVAC unit that electrically impact the performance of the HVAC unit. This in turn helps in real-time and accurate determination of the total power consumed by the vehicle based on the total power consumed by the HVAC unit along with power consumed by powertrain and an auxiliary system of the vehicle. This further enables recommending an optimal temperature for the vehicle cabin to improve the driving range of the vehicle.
[0030] In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
[0031] FIG. 1 shows an overview of the proposed energy consumption monitoring unit, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0032] In an embodiment, a vehicle may be configured with an energy consumption monitoring unit 101 and the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may be configured for determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit 103 in a vehicle. The vehicle may be at least one of, an Internal Combustion (IC) vehicle, an Electric Vehicle (EV) and a Hybrid Vehicle (HV) with the HVAC unit 103 (also generally known as Air Conditioning unit). In some embodiments, the vehicle may be a manually driven vehicle, or an autonomous/self-driving vehicle. As an example, the vehicle may be a passenger vehicle such as a car, a van, a bus and/or a commercial vehicle such as pick-up trucks. In an embodiment, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may be a computing unit dedicated for determining real-time energy consumption by the HVAC unit 103 in the vehicle. In an embodiment, an existing Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of the vehicles may be configured to perform functionalities of the energy consumption monitoring unit 101, in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. In an embodiment, a first sensor 1091 to first sensor 109N (also referred to as plurality of first sensors 109) and a second sensor

1131 to second sensor 113N (also referred to as plurality of second sensors 113) may be connected using a communication network to an existing HVAC unit 103 in the vehicle. The communication network may be a wireless connection or a wired connection. As an example, the communication network may be a Controller Area Network (CAN). In an embodiment, the HVAC unit may include a compressor 105 and other component 1111 to other component 111N (also referred to as one or more other components 111). In some embodiments, the one or more other components 111 may include, without limitation, a compressor clutch, a blower fan and a condenser and fan. In an embodiment, the HVAC unit 103, a compressor 105 and one or more other components 111 may consume power from a battery of the vehicle to operate and act as an electrical load on the battery.
[0033] In an embodiment, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may be configured to receive values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across a compressor 105, from the plurality of first sensors 109 associated with the compressor 105, in real-time. The plurality of first sensors 109 may include, without limitation, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. As an example, the temperature sensor may be a K Type Thermocouple and the pressure sensor may be Pressure Transducer. The plurality of predefined parameters related to the refrigeration state across the compressor 105 may include, without limitation, temperature of a refrigerant and pressure on the refrigerant. In an embodiment, when the HVAC unit 103 (also generally known as Air Conditioning unit) is turned ON, the plurality of first sensors 109 may transmit the values corresponding to the plurality of predefined parameters in real-time. The values corresponding to the plurality of predefined parameters may be received by the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 continuously and/or periodically.
[0034] In an embodiment, upon receiving the values corresponding to the plurality of predefined parameters, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on at least one of a correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters and compressor properties. As an example, the refrigerant may be, without limitation, R-410A, R-407C, R-134a and the like. The compressor properties may include, without limitation, amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle by the compressor 105 and speed of the compressor 105 per unit time. In some embodiments, speed of the compressor 105 is the number of cycles pumped by the compressor 105 per unit time. The values corresponding to the at least one of the

plurality of predefined parameters of the refrigeration state across the compressor and the compressor properties may be used to determine enthalpy using predefined equations. In some embodiments, quantity of enthalpy may be equivalent to the total heat content of the refrigerant at particular state across the compressor 105. The energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine the enthalpy at inlet of the compressor 105 and outlet of the compressor 105. In an embodiment, to determine the mass flow rate, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may compute density of a refrigerant based on the correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters related to the compressor 105. Upon computing the density of the refrigerant, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may estimate volume of the refrigerant being pumped by the compressor 105 per unit time based on amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle and speed of the compressor 105 per unit time. In an embodiment, the amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle and speed of the compressor 105 per unit time may be determined based on at least one of specification of the compressor 105 and predefined measuring techniques. Thereafter, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine the mass flow rate based on the density of the refrigerant, volume of the refrigerant being pumped per unit time and speed of the compressor 105 per unit time.
[0035] In an embodiment, upon determining the refrigerant properties, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine power consumed by the compressor 105 based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet. In an embodiment, after determining the power consumed by the compressor 105, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine total power consumed by a HVAC unit 103 based on the power consumed by the compressor 105 and power consumed by one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103. In an embodiment, to determine the power consumed by the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may receive a voltage value and a current value measured across the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103 by a plurality of second sensors 113 associated with the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103. The plurality of second sensors 113 may include, without limitation, a voltage sensor, and a current sensor. As an example, the voltage sensor may be a voltage divide circulatory and the current may be determined based on hall effect. Further, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine the power consumed by each of the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103 using the corresponding voltage value and the current value. In an embodiment, one or more users related to the vehicle may receive one or more notifications of

the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103 through a display device 115. In an embodiment, the display device 115 may include, but not limited to, a display in the vehicle such as display of the infotainment system in the vehicle, and a user device of the one or more users.
[0036] In an embodiment, after determining the total power consumed by a HVAC unit 103, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine power consumed by powertrain and an auxiliary system of the vehicle. In some embodiment, one or more first predefined techniques may be used to determine the power consumed by the powertrain and the auxiliary system of the vehicle. Further, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine a Distance to Empty (DTE) value based on the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103, the power consumed by the powertrain, the auxiliary system of the vehicle and at least one of State of Charge (SoC) of battery and fuel level in the vehicle. In some embodiment, one or more second predefined techniques may be used to determine the DTE value. In some other embodiments, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine the DTE using trained Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. In yet other embodiments, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may determine the DTE based on a look-up table preconfigured for each make and model of the vehicle. As an example, if the vehicle is an electric vehicle, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may consider, the SoC of the battery of the vehicle to determine the DTE value. Similarly, if the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle or an Internal Combustion (IC) vehicle, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may consider, the fuel level in the IC vehicle to determine the DTE value and both fuel level and SoC of the battery in the hybrid vehicle to determine the DTE value. Further, energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may transmit one or more notifications of at least one of total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103 and total power consumed by the vehicle to the one or more users related to the vehicle through a display device 115. In an embodiment, the display device 115 may include at least one of a display in the vehicle and a user device of the one or more users. Further, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may recommend an optimal cabin temperature for the vehicle determined based on the DTE value and the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103. In an embodiment, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may recommend the optimal cabin temperature using trained Artificial Intelligence (AI) recommendation models. In yet other embodiments, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may recommend the optimal cabin temperature based on a look-up table preconfigured for each make and model of the vehicle. In yet other embodiments, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may

recommend the optimal cabin temperature using a predefined formula to calculate the optimal cabin temperature. The operation of HVAC unit 103 at optimal temperature may reduce the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103 which may increase the DTE value. In some embodiments, when the user of the vehicle may change the cabin temperature to the optimal cabin temperature. The energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may thereafter notify an enhancement in the DTE value to the one or more users using the display device 115.
[0037] FIG. 2 shows a detailed block diagram of an energy consumption monitoring unit 101, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0038] In some implementations, the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 may include an I/O interface 201, a processor 203 and a memory 205. In an embodiment, the memory 205 may be communicatively coupled to the processor 203. The processor 203 may be configured to perform one or more functions of an energy consumption monitoring unit 101 for determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle, using the data 207 and the one or more modules 209 of the energy consumption monitoring unit 101. In an embodiment, the memory 205 may store the data 207.
[0039] In an embodiment, the data 207 stored in the memory 205 may include, without limitation, a parameter data 211, refrigerant properties data 213, power consumption data 215, compressor property data 216, and other data 217. In some implementations, the data 207 may be stored within the memory 205 in the form of various data structures. Additionally, the data 207 may be organized using data models, such as relational or hierarchical data models. The other data 217 may include various temporary data and files generated by the one or more modules 209.
[0040] In an embodiment, the parameter data 211 may include values corresponding to plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across a compressor 105. The plurality of predefined parameters related to the compressor 105 may include, without limitation, temperature of a refrigerant and pressure on the refrigerant. In an embodiment, the parameter data 211 may be received from a plurality of first sensors 109– associated with the compressor 105. The plurality of first sensors 109– may include, without limitation, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor.
[0041] In an embodiment, the refrigerant properties data 213 may be used to determine power consumed by the compressor 105. The refrigerant properties data 213 may include, without

limitation, density of a refrigerant, enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate. The refrigerant properties data 213 may be determined using the parameter data 211.
[0042] In an embodiment, the power consumption data 215 may include information related to power consumed by the compressor 105 and total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103. Further, power consumption data 215 may include information related to power consumed by the powertrain and the auxiliary system of the vehicle.
[0043] In an embodiment, the data 207 may be processed by the one or more modules 209 of the energy consumption monitoring unit 101. In some implementations, the one or more modules 209 may be communicatively coupled to the processor 203 for performing one or more functions of the energy consumption monitoring unit 101. In an implementation, the one or more modules 209 may include, without limiting to, a receiving module 219, a determining module 221, a recommending module 223 and other modules 225.
[0044] In an embodiment, the compressor property data 216 may be used to determine mass flow rate. The compressor property data 216 may include, without limitation, amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle by the compressor 105 and speed of the compressor 105 per unit time.
[0045] As used herein, the term module may refer to an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a hardware processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and memory that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable components that provide the described functionality. In an implementation, each of the one or more modules 209 may be configured as stand-alone hardware computing units. In an embodiment, the other modules 225 may be used to perform various miscellaneous functionalities on the energy consumption monitoring unit 101. It will be appreciated that such one or more modules 209 may be represented as a single module or a combination of different modules.
[0046] In an embodiment, the receiving module 219 may be configured to receive values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across a compressor 105 from a plurality of first sensors 109 associated with the compressor 105, in real-time. The plurality of first sensors 109 may include, without limitation, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. In an embodiment, the receiving module 219 may be configured

to receive a voltage value and a current value measured across the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103 by a plurality of second sensors 113 associated with the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103. The plurality of second sensors 113 may include, without limitation, a voltage sensor and a current sensor.
[0047] In an embodiment, the determining module 221 may be configured to determine refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on a correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters. The enthalpy may be determined using a predefined equation. An exemplary equation to determine the enthalpy is shown below:
In some embodiments, to determine enthalpy, initially the determining module 221 may determine a saturation temperature for a given pressure of the refrigerant, which is shown below:
Ts = WP3 – XP2 + YP – Z …. (1)
In the above exemplary equation,
Ts denotes saturation temperature of the refrigerant at a given pressure.
P denotes the pressure of the refrigerant.
W, X, Y and Z denotes constant values based on type of the refrigerant.
Further, based on the value of Ts, the determining module 221 may determine state of the refrigerant using the conditions shown below:
For example, consider T to be the temperature of the refrigerant.
If Ts > T, the refrigerant is inferred to be in liquid state. If Ts < T, the refrigerant is inferred to be in gaseous state.
For example, when the refrigerant is in the liquid state, the determining module 221 may determine enthalpy using the exemplary equation (2) as shown below:
H = AT + B …. (2)
In the above exemplary equation,
H denotes enthalpy of the refrigerant.
T denotes the temperature of the refrigerant.
‘A’ and ‘B’ are constant values calculated using below equation –

A = -WP4 + XP3 + YP2 + Z …. (3)
B = FP + G …. (4)
W, X, Y, Z, F and G may be constant values based on the type of the refrigerant.
P denotes the pressure of the refrigerant.
For example, when the refrigerant is in gaseous state, the determining module 221 may determine enthalpy using the equation shown below:
H = AT + B …. (5)
A = WP + X …. (6)
B = -YP + Z …. (7)
W, X, Y and Z may be constant values based on the type of the refrigerant. In some embodiments, the constant values W, X, Y and Z in equations (6) and (7) may be different when compared with constant values W, X, Y and Z in equation (1) and equation (3).
[0048] Further, the determining module 221 may determine power consumed by the compressor 105 based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet. In some embodiments, the determining module 221 may initially determine density of a refrigerant based on the correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters related to the compressor 105. The density of the refrigerant may be determined using a predefined equation. An exemplary equation to determine the density (D) is as shown below:
D = AT2 – BT + C …. (8)
In the above exemplary equation,
A denotes third order function of pressure,
B denotes second order function of pressure and
C denotes second order function of pressure.

T denotes the temperature of the refrigerant.
[0049] Further, the determining module 221 may estimate volume of the refrigerant being pumped by the compressor 105 per unit time based on amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle and speed of the compressor 105 per unit time. Thereafter, the determining module 221 may determine the mass flow rate based on the density of the refrigerant, volume of the refrigerant being pumped per unit time and speed of the compressor 105 per unit time. An exemplary equation to determine the mass flow rate is shown below:
Mass flow rate = Density * Amount of refrigerant pump in a cycle * Speed of compressor per unit time …. (9)
[0050] In an embodiment, the determining module 221 may be configured to determine total power consumed by a HVAC unit 103 based on the power consumed by the compressor 105 and power consumed by one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103. The determining module 221 may determine the power consumed by each of the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103 using the corresponding voltage value and the current value. To determine the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103, the determining module 221 may sum the power consumed by the compressor 105 and power consumed by the one or more components 111 of the HVAC unit 103. An exemplary equation to determine the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103 is shown below:
PHVAC = P1 + P2 + P3 + …… + PN …. (10)
In the above exemplary equation,
P1 denotes power consumed by the compressor 105.
P2 denotes power consumed by the other component 1111, for instance
the other component 1111 may be a compressor clutch.
P3 denotes power consumed by the other component 1112, for instance
the other component 1112 may be a blower fan.
P4 denotes power consumed by the other component 1113, for instance
the other component 1113 may be a condenser fan.
PN denotes power consumed by the other component 111N.
[0051] Further, the determining module 221 may determine power consumed by powertrain and an auxiliary system of the vehicle. In some embodiments, one or more first predefined

techniques may be used to determine the power consumed by the powertrain and the auxiliary system of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the auxiliary system may be a collection of electrical components which interact with main vehicle system to support the functioning of the vehicle. As an example, the auxiliary system may include, without limitation, a pair of headlights, steering assist, seat adjustment, window lifter and the like. Using the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103, the power consumed by the powertrain, the auxiliary system of the vehicle and at least one of State of Charge (SoC) of battery and fuel level in the vehicle, the determining module 221 may determine a Distance to Empty (DTE) value. The DTE value may be an estimated distance the vehicle can travel with the remaining fuel or charge in the vehicle. In an embodiment, the determining module 221 may determine the DTE based on one or more predefined second techniques. In some other embodiments, the determining module 221 may determine the DTE using trained Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. In yet other embodiments, the determining module 221 may determine the DTE based on a look-up table preconfigured for each make and model of the vehicle. An exemplary equation to determine the DTE value in an Internal Combustion (IC) based vehicle is shown below:
DTE = Amount of fuel available in vehicle * Determined fuel efficiency …. (11)
[0052] In an embodiment, the recommending module 223 may be configured for recommending an optimal cabin temperature for the vehicle determined based on the DTE value and the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103. As an example, the recommending module 223 may recommend the user of the vehicle to alter the cabin temperature setting by 2°C for a stipulated time, based on the DTE value and the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103 to increase DTE value in a range of 10 to 15 kilometers. In an embodiment, the energy recommending module 223 may recommend the optimal cabin temperature using trained Artificial Intelligence (AI) recommendation models. In yet other embodiments, the recommending module 223 may recommend the optimal cabin temperature based on a look¬up table preconfigured for each make and model of the vehicle. In yet other embodiments, the recommending module 223 may recommend the optimal cabin temperature using predefined equations to determine the optimal cabin temperature.
[0053] FIG. 3A shows a flowchart illustrating a method of determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0054] As illustrated in FIG. 3A, the method 300 may include one or more blocks illustrating a method of determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle. The method 300 may be described in the general context of computer executable instructions. Generally, computer executable instructions can include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, procedures, modules, and functions, which perform specific functions or implement specific abstract data types.
[0055] The order in which the method 300 is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method blocks can be combined in any order to implement the method. Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from the methods without departing from the scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, the method can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof.
[0056] At block 301, the method 300 includes receiving, by a processor 203 of an energy consumption monitoring unit 101, values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across a compressor 105, from a plurality of first sensors 109 associated with the compressor 105, in real-time. In some embodiments, the plurality of predefined parameters related to the refrigeration state across the compressor 105 may include, without limitation, at least one of temperature of a refrigerant and pressure on the refrigerant. The plurality of first sensors 109 may include, without limiting to, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor.
[0057] At block 303, the method 300 includes determining, by the processor 203, refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on at least one of a correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters and compressor properties.
[0058] At block 305, the method 300 includes determining, by the processor 203, power consumed by the compressor 105 based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet. In an embodiment, the processor 203 may compute density of a refrigerant based on the correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters related to the compressor 105. Further, the processor 203 may estimate volume of the refrigerant being pumped by the compressor 105 per unit time based on amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle and speed of the compressor 105 per unit time. Thereafter, the

processor 203 may determine the mass flow rate based on the density of the refrigerant, volume of the refrigerant being pumped per unit time and speed of the compressor 105 per unit time.
[0059] At block 307, the method 300 includes determining, by the processor 203, total power consumed by a HVAC unit 103 based on the power consumed by the compressor 105 and power consumed by one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103. The one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103 may include, without limitation, a compressor clutch, a blower fan, and condenser and fan. In an embodiment, the processor 203 may receive a voltage value and a current value measured across the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103 by a plurality of second sensors 113 associated with the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103. Further, the processor 203 may determine the power consumed by each of the one or more other components 111 of the HVAC unit 103 using the corresponding voltage value and the current value. In an embodiment, the processor 203 may transmit one or more notifications of at least one of total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103 to one or more users related to the vehicle through a display device 115. In an embodiment, the display device 115 may include, but not limited to, a display in the vehicle such as display of the infotainment system in the vehicle, and a user device of the one or more users.
[0060] FIG. 3B shows a flowchart illustrating a method of determining the Distance to Empty (DTE) value, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0061] As illustrated in FIG. 3B, the method 310 may include one or more blocks illustrating a method of determining the Distance to Empty (DTE) value. The method 310 may be described in the general context of computer executable instructions. Generally, computer executable instructions can include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, procedures, modules, and functions, which perform specific functions or implement specific abstract data types.
[0062] The order in which the method 310 is described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described method blocks can be combined in any order to implement the method. Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from the methods without departing from the scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, the method can be implemented in any suitable hardware, software, firmware, or combination thereof.

[0063] At block 311, the method 310 includes determining, by a processor 203 of an energy consumption monitoring unit 101, power consumed by powertrain and an auxiliary system of the vehicle using one or more first predefined techniques.
[0064] At block 313, the method 310 includes determining, by the processor 203, a Distance to Empty (DTE) value using one or more second predefined techniques based on the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103, the power consumed by the powertrain, the auxiliary system of the vehicle and at least one of State of Charge (SoC) of battery and fuel level in the vehicle.
[0065] At block 315, the method 310 includes recommending, by the processor 203, an optimal cabin temperature for the vehicle determined based on the DTE value and the total power consumed by the HVAC unit 103.
Computer System
[0066] FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computer system 400 for implementing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. In an embodiment, the computer system 400 may be the energy consumption monitoring unit 101 illustrated in FIG. 1. The computer system 400 may include a central processing unit (“CPU” or “processor” or “memory controller”) 402. The processor 402 may comprise at least one data processor for executing program components for executing user- or system-generated business processes. A user may include a person, a person using a device such as such as those included in this invention, or such a device itself. The processor 402 may include specialized processing units such as integrated system (bus) controllers, memory controllers/memory management control units, floating point units, graphics processing units, digital signal processing units, etc.
[0067] The processor 402 may be disposed in communication with one or more Input/Output (I/O) devices (411 and 412) via I/O interface 401. The I/O interface 401 may employ communication protocols/methods such as, without limitation, audio, analog, digital, stereo, IEEE®-1394, serial bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), infrared, PS/2, BNC, coaxial, component, composite, Digital Visual Interface (DVI), high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), Radio Frequency (RF) antennas, S-Video, Video Graphics Array (VGA), IEEE® 802.n /b/g/n/x, Bluetooth, cellular (e.g., Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), Global System For Mobile Communications (GSM), Long-Term

Evolution (LTE) or the like), etc. Using the I/O interface 401, the computer system 400 may communicate with one or more I/O devices 411 and 412.
[0068] In some embodiments, the processor 402 may be disposed in communication with a communication network 409 via a network interface 403. The network interface 403 may communicate with the communication network 409. The network interface 403 may employ connection protocols including, without limitation, direct connect, Ethernet (e.g., twisted pair 10/100/1000 Base T), Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), token ring, IEEE® 802.11a/b/g/n/x, etc.
[0069] In an implementation, the communication network 409 may be implemented as one of the several types of networks, such as intranet or Local Area Network (LAN) and such within the organization. The communication network 409 may either be a dedicated network or a shared network, which represents an association of several types of networks that use a variety of protocols, for example, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) etc., to communicate with each other. Further, the communication network 409 may include a variety of network devices, including routers, bridges, servers, computing devices, storage devices, etc. Using the network interface 403 and the communication network 409, the computer system 400 may communicate with a plurality of sensors 107 and display device 115.
[0070] In some embodiments, the processor 402 may be disposed in communication with a memory 405 (e.g., RAM 413, ROM 414, etc. as shown in FIG. 4) via a storage interface 404. The storage interface 404 may connect to memory 405 including, without limitation, memory drives, removable disc drives, etc., employing connection protocols such as Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA), Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), IEEE-1394, Universal Serial Bus (USB), fiber channel, Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI), etc. The memory drives may further include a drum, magnetic disc drive, magneto-optical drive, optical drive, Redundant Array of Independent Discs (RAID), solid-state memory devices, solid-state drives, etc.
[0071] The memory 405 may store a collection of program or database components, including, without limitation, user/application interface 406, an operating system 407, a web browser 408, and the like. In some embodiments, computer system 400 may store user/application data 406, such as the data, variables, records, etc. as described in this invention. Such databases may be

implemented as fault-tolerant, relational, scalable, secure databases such as Oracle® or Sybase®.
[0072] The operating system 407 may facilitate resource management and operation of the computer system 400. Examples of operating systems include, without limitation, APPLE® MACINTOSH® OS X®, UNIX®, UNIX-like system distributions (E.G., BERKELEY SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION® (BSD), FREEBSD®, NETBSD®, OPENBSD, etc.), LINUX® DISTRIBUTIONS (E.G., RED HAT®, UBUNTU®, KUBUNTU®, etc.), IBM® OS/2®, MICROSOFT® WINDOWS® (XP®, VISTA®/7/8, 10 etc.), APPLE® IOS®, GOOGLE TM ANDROID TM, BLACKBERRY® OS, or the like.
[0073] The user interface 406 may facilitate display, execution, interaction, manipulation, or operation of program components through textual or graphical facilities. For example, the user interface 406 may provide computer interaction interface elements on a display system operatively connected to the computer system 400, such as cursors, icons, check boxes, menus, scrollers, windows, widgets, and the like. Further, Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) may be employed, including, without limitation, APPLE® MACINTOSH® operating systems’ Aqua®, IBM® OS/2®, MICROSOFT® WINDOWS® (e.g., Aero, Metro, etc.), web interface libraries (e.g., ActiveX®, JAVA®, JAVASCRIPT®, AJAX, HTML, ADOBE® FLASH®, etc.), or the like.
[0074] The web browser 408 may be a hypertext viewing application. Secure web browsing may be provided using Secure Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTPS), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS), and the like. The web browsers 408 may utilize facilities such as AJAX, DHTML, ADOBE® FLASH®, JAVASCRIPT®, JAVA®, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), and the like. Further, the computer system 400 may implement a mail server stored program component. The mail server may utilize facilities such as ASP, ACTIVEX®, ANSI® C++/C#, MICROSOFT®, .NET, CGI SCRIPTS, JAVA®, JAVASCRIPT®, PERL®, PHP, PYTHON®, WEBOBJECTS®, etc. The mail server may utilize communication protocols such as Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI), MICROSOFT® exchange, Post Office Protocol (POP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), or the like. In some embodiments, the computer system 400 may implement a mail client stored program component. The mail client may be a mail viewing application, such as APPLE® MAIL, MICROSOFT® ENTOURAGE®, MICROSOFT® OUTLOOK®, MOZILLA® THUNDERBIRD®, and the like.

[0075] Furthermore, one or more computer-readable storage media may be utilized in implementing embodiments consistent with the present invention. A computer-readable storage medium refers to any type of physical memory on which information or data readable by a processor may be stored. Thus, a computer-readable storage medium may store instructions for execution by one or more processors, including instructions for causing the processor(s) to perform steps or stages consistent with the embodiments described herein. The term “computer-readable medium” should be understood to include tangible items and exclude carrier waves and transient signals, i.e., non-transitory. Examples include Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, hard drives, Compact Disc (CD) ROMs, Digital Video Disc (DVDs), flash drives, disks, and any other known physical storage media.
Advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated herein.
[0076] In an embodiment, the present disclosure determines the total power consumed by the HVAC unit using the real-time values received from the sensors. The real-time values received from the sensors enable determination of refrigerant properties such as enthalpy, density and mass flow rate that enable accurate determination of power consumed by the compressor. This method of determining the power consumed by the compressor is non-complex and involves less computation, thereby improving efficiency of the energy consumption monitoring unit
[0077] In an embodiment, the present disclosure determines total power consumed by the HVAC unit by considering the power consumed by the compressor and all other components of the HVAC unit that electrically impact the performance of the HVAC unit. This in turn helps in real-time and accurate determination of the total power consumed by the vehicle based on the total power consumed by the HVAC unit along with power consumed by powertrain and an auxiliary system of the vehicle. This further enables recommending an optimal temperature for the vehicle cabin to improve the driving range of the vehicle.
[0078] In light of the technical advancements provided by the disclosed method and the energy consumption monitoring unit, the claimed steps, as discussed above, are not routine, conventional, or well-known aspects in the art, as the claimed steps provide the aforesaid solutions to the technical problems existing in the conventional technologies. Further, the claimed steps clearly bring an improvement in the functioning of the system itself, as the claimed steps provide a technical solution to a technical problem.

[0079] The terms "an embodiment", "embodiment", "embodiments", "the embodiment", "the embodiments", "one or more embodiments", "some embodiments", and "one embodiment" mean "one or more (but not all) embodiments of the invention(s)" unless expressly specified otherwise.
[0080] The terms "including", "comprising", “having” and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to", unless expressly specified otherwise.
[0081] The enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms "a", "an" and "the" mean "one or more", unless expressly specified otherwise.
[0082] A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary, a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the invention.
[0083] When a single device or article is described herein, it will be clear that more than one device/article (whether they cooperate) may be used in place of a single device/article. Similarly, where more than one device/article is described herein (whether they cooperate), it will be clear that a single device/article may be used in place of the more than one device/article or a different number of devices/articles may be used instead of the shown number of devices or programs. The functionality and/or features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices which are not explicitly described as having such functionality/features. Thus, other embodiments of invention need not include the device itself.
[0084] Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based here on. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
[0085] While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments

disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.

Referral Numerals:

Reference Number Description
101 Energy consumption monitoring unit
103 Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit
105 Compressor
107 Sensors
1091 - 109N Plurality of first sensors
1111 - 111N One or more other components
1131 - 113N Plurality of second sensors
115 Display device
201 I/O Interface
203 Processor
205 Memory
207 Data
209 Modules
211 Parameters data
213 Refrigerant properties data
215 Power consumption data
217 Other data
219 Receiving module
221 Determining module
223 Recommending module
225 Other modules
400 Computer system
401 I/O Interface of the exemplary computer system
402 Processor of the exemplary computer system
403 Network interface
404 Storage interface
405 Memory of the exemplary computer system
406 User/Application
407 Operating system

408 Web browser
409 Communication network
411 Input devices
412 Output devices
413 RAM
414 ROM

WE CLAIM:
1. A method of determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and
Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle, the method comprising:
receiving, by an energy consumption monitoring unit, values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across a compressor, from a plurality of first sensors associated with the compressor, in real-time;
determining, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on at least one of correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters and compressor properties;
determining, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, power consumed by the compressor based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet; and
determining, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, total power consumed by a HVAC unit based on the power consumed by the compressor and power consumed by one or more other components of the HVAC unit.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of first sensors comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of predefined parameters related to the refrigeration state across the compressor comprises at least one of temperature of a refrigerant and pressure of the refrigerant.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compressor properties comprises at least one of amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle by the compressor and speed of the compressor per unit time.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining the mass flow rate comprises:
computing density of a refrigerant based on the correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters related to the compressor;
estimating volume of the refrigerant being pumped by the compressor per unit time based on amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle and speed of the compressor per unit time; and

determining the mass flow rate based on the density of the refrigerant, volume of the refrigerant being pumped per unit time
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:
determining, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, power consumed by powertrain and an auxiliary system of the vehicle; and
determining, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, a Distance to Empty (DTE) value based on the total power consumed by the HVAC unit, the power consumed by the powertrain, the auxiliary system of the vehicle and at least one of State of Charge (SoC) of battery and fuel level in the vehicle.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, further comprises:
recommending, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, an optimal cabin temperature for the vehicle determined based on the DTE value and the total power consumed by the HVAC unit.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprises:
transmitting, by the energy consumption monitoring unit, one or more notifications of total power consumed by the vehicle to one or more users related to the vehicle through at least one of a display in the vehicle and a user device of the one or more users.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more other components of the HVAC unit comprises at least one of a compressor clutch, a blower fan, and condenser fans.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein determining the power consumed by the one or more other components of the HVAC unit comprises:
receiving a voltage value and a current value measured across the one or more other components of the HVAC unit by a plurality of second sensors associated with the one or more other components of the HVAC unit, wherein the plurality of second sensors comprises a voltage sensor and a current sensor; and
determining the power consumed by each of the one or more other components of the HVAC unit using the corresponding voltage value and the current value.

11. An energy consumption monitoring unit for determining real-time energy consumption
by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle, the energy
consumption monitoring unit comprising:
a processor; and
a memory, communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions, which, on execution, cause the processor to:
receive values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigerant state across a compressor, from a plurality of first sensors associated with the compressor, in real-time;
determine refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on at least one of a correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters and compressor properties;
determine power consumed by the compressor based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet; and
determine total power consumed by a HVAC unit based on the power consumed by the compressor and power consumed by one or more other components of the HVAC unit.
12. The energy consumption monitoring unit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of first sensors comprises a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor.
13. The energy consumption monitoring unit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plurality of predefined parameters related to the refrigeration state across the compressor comprises at least one of temperature of a refrigerant and pressure on the refrigerant.
14. The energy consumption monitoring unit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the compressor properties comprises at least one of amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle by the compressor and speed of the compressor per unit time.
15. The energy consumption monitoring unit as claimed in claim 11, wherein to determine the mass flow rate the processor is configured to:
compute density of a refrigerant based on the correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters related to the compressor;

estimate volume of the refrigerant being pumped by the compressor per unit time based on amount of refrigerant pumped in a cycle and speed of the compressor per unit time; and
determine the mass flow rate based on the density of the refrigerant, volume of the refrigerant being pumped per unit time.
16. The energy consumption monitoring unit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor
is further configured to:
determine power consumed by powertrain and an auxiliary system of the vehicle; and
determine a Distance to Empty (DTE) value based on the total power consumed by the HVAC unit, the power consumed by the powertrain, the auxiliary system of the vehicle and at least one of State of Charge (SoC) of battery and fuel level in the vehicle.
17. The energy consumption monitoring unit as claimed in claim 16, wherein the processor
is further configured to:
recommend an optimal cabin temperature for the vehicle determined based on the DTE value and the total power consumed by the HVAC unit.
18. The energy consumption monitoring unit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to transmit one or more notifications of total power consumed by the vehicle to one or more users related to the vehicle through at least one of a display in the vehicle and a user device of the one or more users.
19. The energy consumption monitoring unit as claimed in claim 11, wherein the one or more other components of the HVAC unit comprises at least one of a compressor clutch, a blower fan, and condenser and fan.
20. The energy consumption monitoring unit as claimed in claim 11, wherein to determine the power consumed by the one or more other components of the HVAC unit, the processor is configured to:
receive a voltage value and a current value measured across the one or more other components of the HVAC unit by a plurality of second sensors associated with the one or more other components of the HVAC unit, wherein the plurality of second sensors comprises a voltage sensor and a current sensor; and

determine the power consumed by each of the one or more other components of the HVAC unit using the corresponding voltage value and the current value.
21. A system for determining real-time energy consumption by a Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) unit in a vehicle, the system comprising:
a HVAC unit comprising a compressor and one or more other components;
a plurality of first sensors associated with the compressor; and
an energy consumption monitoring unit configured to:
receive values corresponding to a plurality of predefined parameters related to a refrigeration state across the compressor, from the plurality of first sensors associated with the compressor, in real-time;
determine refrigerant properties comprising at least enthalpy at compressor inlet and compressor outlet, and a mass flow rate based on at least one of a correlation of the plurality of predefined parameters and compressor properties;
determine power consumed by the compressor based on the determined mass flow rate and the enthalpy at the compressor inlet and the compressor outlet; and
determine total power consumed by the HVAC unit based on the power consumed by the compressor and power consumed by the one or more other components of the HVAC unit.