FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 OF 1970)
& THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
“METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING WAVEFORM USAGE IN A
VOICE OVER NEW RADIO (VONR) CALL”
We, Jio Platforms Limited, an Indian National, of Office - 101, Saffron, Nr. Centre Point, Panchwati 5 Rasta, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad - 380006, Gujarat, India.
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

5 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING WAVEFORM USAGE IN A
VOICE OVER NEW RADIO (VONR) CALL
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
10 [0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communication
systems. In particular, the present disclosure relates to Voice-over-New Radio (VoNR) calls. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to method and system for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call.
15 BACKGROUND
[0002] The following description of related art is intended to provide background
information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain
aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However,
20 it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the
reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.
[0003] Wireless communication technology has rapidly evolved over the past few decades, with each generation bringing significant improvements and advancements. The
25 first generation of wireless communication technology was based on analog technology
and offered only voice services. However, with the advent of the second-generation (2G) technology, digital communication and data services became possible, and text messaging was introduced. 3G technology marked the introduction of high-speed internet access, mobile video calling, and location-based services. The fourth-generation (4G) technology
30 revolutionized wireless communication with faster data speeds, better network coverage,
and improved security. Currently, the fifth-generation (5G) technology is being deployed, promising even faster data speeds, low latency, and the ability to connect multiple devices simultaneously. With each generation, wireless communication technology has become more advanced, sophisticated, and capable of delivering more services to its users.
35
[0004] Existing techniques in the art of managing connections in a 5G network often suffer from a variety of challenges. Firstly, traditional connection management methods can be slow and inefficient, leading to delays in establishing and re-establishing connections between network functions (NFs). This is particularly problematic in scenarios
40 with high traffic volumes or when quick recovery from lost connections is crucial.
2

5 Secondly, there is often a bottleneck issue with active traffic management. Current systems
may not efficiently handle the dynamic nature of 5G network traffic, resulting in congestion and reduced network performance. Thirdly, many existing approaches lack robust mechanisms for periodic monitoring and managing reconnections. This can lead to prolonged periods of disconnection and service interruption, which is detrimental to the
10 user experience and overall network reliability. Additionally, the conventional methods
may not adequately support the complex requirements of 5G networks, such as the need for a scalable and flexible connection management system that can adapt to varying traffic patterns and network conditions. This inadequacy can hinder the effective utilization of network resources and the delivery of high-quality services to end-users.
15
[0005] Furthermore, the existing method does not optimize the use of different waveforms based on the type of traffic (voice or data), leading to a less efficient use of network resources.
20 [0006] Thus, there exists an imperative need in the art to provide a method and for
optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call, which aims to address these problems by introducing a method to dynamically switch between waveforms based on the type of service in use, thereby improving battery efficiency and call quality, especially under poor RF conditions.
25
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0007] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment disclosed herein satisfies are listed herein below. 30
[0008] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a 5G network.
[0009] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method for
35 enhancing battery life during VoNR call that reduces the power consumption of 5G devices
during VoNR calls. This is accomplished by switching from the default CP-OFDM waveform to the more energy-efficient DFT-S-OFDM waveform, which has a lower Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR).
3

5 [0010] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method
for enhancing battery life during VoNR call that provides for dynamically switching
between waveforms, based on the type of service being used (data transmission vs VoNR
call). It suggests enabling transform precoder (DFT-S-OFDM) during the establishment of
a VoNR call and disabling it when the call ends, thus optimizing the waveform usage as
10 per the requirement.
[0011] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method
for enhancing battery life during VoNR call that aligns with the current 5G network
standards by managing the enabling and disabling of the transformPrecoder via existing
15 procedures in the network, specifically the RRC Reconfiguration messages.
[0012] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method for enhancing battery life during VoNR call to reduce the transport block error rate at the gNodeB receiver and thereby improve the quality of voice in poor radio conditions. 20
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0013] This section is provided to introduce certain aspects of the present disclosure in
a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary
25 is not intended to identify the key features or the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0014] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a method for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network is disclosed. The method includes establishing, by a processing unit, a radio resource control (RRC)
30 connection between a user equipment (UE) and at least one network node. Next, the method
includes generating, by a generating unit, at least two default bearers based on the established connection, wherein one bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for data packet transfer and another bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for carrying session initiation protocol (SIP) signalling packets for the VoNR call establishment.
35 Thereafter, the method includes based on a detection of the VoNR call establishment,
switching, by a switching unit, from a default access technique to a first access technique for a duration of the VoNR call.
[0015] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, upon termination of the VoNR
40 call, the method comprises at least one of: deactivating, by the switching unit, a dedicated
4

5 bearer for voice packets; and disabling, by the switching unit, the transform precoder via
an RRC reconfiguration message to revert to the default access technique for non-voice services.
[0016] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the at least one network node is
10 gNodeB.
[0017] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the default access technique is cyclic prefix - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM). 15
[0018] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, setting, by the processing unit, the CP-OFDM as a default waveform by indicating to the UE in the RRC reconfiguration message.
20 [0019] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the first access technique is
discrete fourier transform - spread - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM).
[0020] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the DFT-S-OFDM exhibits a
25 reduced peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to CP-OFDM waveform to
conserve battery life of the UE during the VoNR call.
[0021] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, enabling and disabling, by the
switching unit, the transform precoder function through RRC reconfiguration messages
30 exchanged between the at least one network node and the UE.
[0022] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the switching further comprises enabling, by the switching unit [206], the transform precoder.
35 [0023] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a system for optimizing
waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in 5G network is disclosed. The system comprises: a processing unit, configured to establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection between a user equipment (UE) and at least one network node; a generating unit, configured to generate at least two default bearers based on the established connection,
40 wherein one bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for data packet transfer and
5

5 another bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for carrying session initiation
protocol signalling packets for the VoNR call establishment; and a switching unit configured to switch from a default access technique to a first access technique for a duration of the VoNR call based on a detection of the VoNR call establishment.
10 [0024] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure may relate to a non-transitory
computer readable storage medium storing instructions for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, the instructions include executable code which, when executed by one or more units of a system, causes: a processing unit, configured to establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection between a user
15 equipment (UE) and at least one network node; a generating unit, configured to generate at
least two default bearers based on the established connection, wherein one bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for data packet transfer and another bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for carrying session initiation protocol signalling packets for the VoNR call establishment; and a switching unit configured to switch from a default access
20 technique to a first access technique for a duration of the VoNR call based on a detection
of the VoNR call establishment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
25 [0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part
of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may
30 indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry
of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes disclosure of electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
35 [0026] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computing device upon which
an embodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary system for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice
over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of
40 the present disclosure.
6

5
[0028] FIG. 3A illustrates a sequence diagram illustrating for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
10 [0029] FIG. 3B illustrates a flow diagram illustrating for optimizing waveform usage in
a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary architecture of a system for optimizing waveform
15 usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, in accordance with an
exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary method flow diagram indicating the process for
optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, in
20 accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0032] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the disclosure.
25 DESCRIPTION
[0033] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure
30 may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can
each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein. Example embodiments of
35 the present disclosure are described below, as illustrated in various drawings in which like
reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings.
[0034] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not
intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the
40 ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with
7

5 an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be
understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.
[0035] It should be noted that the terms "mobile device", "user equipment", "user
10 device", “communication device”, “device” and similar terms are used interchangeably for
the purpose of describing the invention. These terms are not intended to limit the scope of
the invention or imply any specific functionality or limitations on the described
embodiments. The use of these terms is solely for convenience and clarity of description.
The invention is not limited to any particular type of device or equipment, and it should be
15 understood that other equivalent terms or variations thereof may be used interchangeably
without departing from the scope of the invention as defined herein.
[0036] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill
20 in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For
example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the
25 embodiments.
[0037] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process which
is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a
block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process,
30 many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order
of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure.
[0038] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as
35 an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter
disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described
herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as
preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude
equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
40 Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar
8

5 words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to
be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word— without precluding any additional or other elements.
[0039] As used herein, an “electronic device”, or “portable electronic device”, or “user
10 device” or “communication device” or “user equipment” or “device” refers to any
electrical, electronic, electromechanical and computing device. The user device is capable
of receiving and/or transmitting one or parameters, performing function/s, communicating
with other user devices and transmitting data to the other user devices. The user equipment
may have a processor, a display, a memory, a battery and an input-means such as a hard
15 keypad and/or a soft keypad. The user equipment may be capable of operating on any radio
access technology including but not limited to IP-enabled communication, Zig Bee,
Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi
direct, etc. For instance, the user equipment may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone,
smartphone, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, laptop, a
20 general-purpose computer, desktop, personal digital assistant, tablet computer, mainframe
computer, or any other device as may be obvious to a person skilled in the art for
implementation of the features of the present disclosure.
[0040] Further, the user device may also comprise a “processor” or “processing unit”
25 includes processing unit, wherein processor refers to any logic circuitry for processing
instructions. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, a special purpose
processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor, a plurality of
microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller,
a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Field Programmable Gate
30 Array circuits, any other type of integrated circuits, etc. The processor may perform signal
coding data processing, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the working of the system according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the processor is a hardware processor.
35 [0041] As portable electronic devices and wireless technologies continue to improve and
grow in popularity, the advancing wireless technologies for data transfer are also expected to evolve and replace the older generations of technologies. In the field of wireless data communications, the dynamic advancement of various generations of cellular technology are also seen. The development, in this respect, has been incremental in the order of second
9

5 generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), and now fifth generation
(5G), and more such generations are expected to continue in the forthcoming time.
[0042] Radio Access Technology (RAT) refers to the technology used by mobile devices/ user equipment (UE) to connect to a cellular network. It refers to the specific
10 protocol and standards that govern the way devices communicate with base stations, which
are responsible for providing the wireless connection. Further, each RAT has its own set of protocols and standards for communication, which define the frequency bands, modulation techniques, and other parameters used for transmitting and receiving data. Examples of RATs include GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), CDMA (Code Division
15 Multiple Access), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), LTE (Long-
Term Evolution), and 5G New Radio. The choice of RAT depends on a variety of factors, including the network infrastructure, the available spectrum, and the mobile device's/device's capabilities. Mobile devices often support multiple RATs, allowing them to connect to different types of networks and provide optimal performance based on the
20 available network resources.
[0043] As used herein, “gNodeB" (gNB) refers to the base station component in 5G (fifth-generation) wireless networks. It is an essential element of the Radio Access Network (RAN) responsible for transmitting and receiving wireless signals to and from user devices,
25 such as smartphones, tablets, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In 5G networks, there
are similar components in other generations of wireless networks. Here are a few examples: Base Transceiver Station (BTS): In 2G (second-generation) networks, the BTS serves as the base station responsible for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. It connects mobile devices to the cellular network infrastructure. NodeB: In 3G (third-generation)
30 networks, the NodeB is the base station component that enables wireless communication.
It facilitates the transmission and reception of signals between user devices and the network. eNodeB: In 4G (fourth-generation) LTE (Long-Term Evolution) networks, the eNodeB serves as the base station. It supports high-speed data transmission, low latency, and improved network capacity. Access Point (AP): In Wi-Fi networks, an access point
35 functions as a central hub that enables wireless devices to connect to a wired network. It
provides a wireless interface for devices to access the network and facilitates communication between them. The examples illustrate the base station components in different generations of wireless networks, such as BTS in 2G, NodeB in 3G, eNodeB in 4G LTE, and gNodeB in 5G. Each component plays a crucial role in facilitating wireless
40 connectivity and communication between user devices and the network infrastructure.
10

5
[0044] As used herein, Voice over New Radio (VoNR) is IP Multimedia System (IMS) based voice calling services based on 5G access, comprehending both voice and data services carried on the 5G network. VoNR may deliver voice service over 5G radio network without falling back to 4G LTE.
10
[0045] As used herein, cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) is a digital modulation technique used in wireless communication systems, including 4G LTE and 5G NR. CP-OFDM is an improvement on the OFDM technique designed to reduce the effects of intersymbol interference (ISI) and enable simplified signal
15 processing at the receiver. CP-OFDM helps in the efficient transmission of data over radio
waves, ensuring robust and high-speed communication.
[0046] As used herein, discrete fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) is a single carrier-based transmission technique that is
20 utilized in the uplink of such as 5G NR systems. The DFT-S-OFDM waveform has lower
Peak to Average Power Ration (PAPR) compared to the CP-OFDM waveform. The DFT-S-OFDM waveform during VoNR call may minimize the power drainage of the battery.
[0047] As used herein, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) represents ratio of peak
25 power to the average power of a signal. The PAPR is expressed in decibels (dB). The lower
value of PAPR represents efficient signal transmission in the network.
[0048] As used herein, block error rate (BLER) is a metric used to evaluate the reliability
of data transmission. BLER measures the probability of encountering errors in a block of
30 data during transmission over a communication channel. The BLER represents a ratio of
the number of erroneous blocks to the total number of blocks transmitted in the communication channel.
[0049] As used herein, a default bearer is an initial communication path established when
35 a user device connects to a network. It serves as the default route for all data traffic between
the user device and the core network.
[0050] As used herein, a dedicated bearer is a dedicated communication path established
for specific applications, services, or traffic flows within the network. The dedicated bearer
40 is created for a service such as voice call requiring a high level of quality of service (QoS).
11

5 The dedicated bearers are allocated dedicated network resources, including bandwidth and
QoS parameters, to meet the specific requirements of the associated service or applications.
[0051] As used herein, session initiation protocol (SIP) is a signalling protocol used for
setting up, maintaining and tearing down multimedia communication sessions such as
10 voice and video calls over the internet.
[0052] As used herein, transform precoder enables the DFT-S-OFDM waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in the network.
15 [0053] As used herein, RRC connection reconfiguration message is used to establish,
modify or release radio bearers such as, data radio bearer and voice radio bearer.
[0054] As used herein, optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR)
represents dynamically managing the uplink waveform to optimize for battery efficiency
20 and call quality throughout the lifecycle of a VoNR call. The uplink waveform may be
switched between CP-OFDM and DFT-S-OFDM based on detection of VoNR call establishment.
[0055] As used herein, Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) is a 5G core
25 network function responsible for managing access and mobility aspects, such as UE
registration, connection, and reachability. It also handles mobility management procedures like handovers and paging.
[0056] As used herein, User Plane Function (UPF) is a network function responsible for
30 handling user data traffic, including packet routing, forwarding, and QoS enforcement.
[0057] As discussed in the background section, existing techniques in the art of managing connections in a 5G network often experience variety of challenges. Firstly, traditional connection management methods can be slow and inefficient, leading to delays
35 in establishing and re-establishing connections between network functions (NFs). This is
particularly problematic in scenarios with high traffic volumes or when quick recovery from lost connections is crucial. Secondly, there is often a bottleneck issue with active traffic management. Current systems may not efficiently handle the dynamic nature of 5G network traffic, resulting in congestion and reduced network performance. Thirdly, many
40 existing approaches lack robust mechanisms for periodic monitoring and managing
12

5 reconnections. This can lead to prolonged periods of disconnection and service
interruption, which is detrimental to the user experience and overall network reliability.
Additionally, the conventional methods may not adequately support the complex
requirements of 5G networks, such as the need for a scalable and flexible connection
management system that can adapt to varying traffic patterns and network conditions. This
10 inadequacy can hinder the effective utilization of network resources and the delivery of
high-quality services to end-users.
[0058] The present disclosure aims to overcome the above-mentioned and other existing problems in this field of technology by introducing a method and system for optimizing
15 waveform usage in Voice over New Radio (VoNR) calls in a 5G network. This method
addresses the issues of high power consumption and poor voice quality in poor radio conditions that are prevalent in existing techniques. Firstly, the method involves establishing a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection between the user equipment (UE) and the network node (gNodeB), followed by generating default bearers for data packet
20 transfer and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signalling for VoNR call establishment. The
inventive step comes into play when the VoNR call is detected, at which point a transform precoder is enabled by switching from the default cyclic prefix - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform to a more power-efficient discrete Fourier transform - spread - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM)
25 waveform. This switching reduces the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), thereby
minimizing battery drain during the VoNR call. Additionally, the use of the DFT-S-OFDM waveform enhances the Block Error Rate (BLER) performance, leading to improved voice quality in poor radio conditions. Upon termination of the VoNR call, the dedicated bearer for voice packets is deactivated, and the transform precoder is disabled to revert to the
30 default access technique for non-voice services. By addressing both the battery
consumption and voice quality issues, this invention provides a more efficient and robust solution for managing VoNR calls in 5G networks. It offers a scalable and flexible approach that can adapt to varying traffic patterns and network conditions, thus improving the overall user experience and network reliability.
35
[0059] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0060] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computing device [1000] (also
40 referred to herein as a computer system [1000]) upon which the features of the present
13

5 disclosure may be implemented in accordance with exemplary implementation of the
present disclosure. In an implementation, the computing device [1000] may also implement
a method for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a
network utilising the system. In another implementation, the computing device [1000] itself
implements the method for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio
10 (VoNR) call in a network using one or more units configured within the computing device
[1000], wherein said one or more units are capable of implementing the features as disclosed in the present disclosure.
[0061] The computing device [1000] may include a bus [1002] or other communication
15 mechanism for communicating information, and a hardware processor [1004] coupled with
the bus [1002] for processing information. The hardware processor [1004] may be, for
example, a general purpose microprocessor. The computing device [1000] may also include
a main memory [1006], such as a random access memory (RAM), or other dynamic storage
device, coupled to the bus [1002] for storing information and instructions to be executed
20 by the processor [1004]. The main memory [1006] also may be used for storing temporary
variables or other intermediate information during execution of the instructions to be
executed by the processor [1004]. Such instructions, when stored in non-transitory storage
media accessible to the processor [1004], render the computing device [1000] into a
special-purpose machine that is customized to perform the operations specified in the
25 instructions. The computing device [1000] further includes a read only memory (ROM)
[1008] or other static storage device coupled to the bus [1002] for storing static information
and instructions for the processor [1004].
[0062] A storage device [1010], such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or solid-state drive
30 is provided and coupled to the bus [1002] for storing information and instructions. The
computing device [1000] may be coupled via the bus [1002] to a display [1012], such as a
cathode ray tube (CRT), Liquid crystal Display (LCD), Light Emitting Diode (LED)
display, Organic LED (OLED) display, etc. for displaying information to a computer user.
An input device [1014], including alphanumeric and other keys, touch screen input means,
35 etc. may be coupled to the bus [1002] for communicating information and command
selections to the processor [1004]. Another type of user input device may be a cursor controller [1016], such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys, for communicating direction information and command selections to the processor [1004], and for controlling cursor movement on the display [1012]. This input device typically has two degrees of
14

5 freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allow the device
to specify positions in a plane.
[0063] The computing device [1000] may implement the techniques described herein using customized hard-wired logic, one or more ASICs or FPGAs, firmware and/or
10 program logic which in combination with the computing device [1000] causes or programs
the computing device [1000] to be a special-purpose machine. According to one implementation, the techniques herein are performed by the computing device [1000] in response to the processor [1004] executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in the main memory [1006]. Such instructions may be read into the
15 main memory [1006] from another storage medium, such as the storage device [1010].
Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in the main memory [1006] causes the processor [1004] to perform the process steps described herein. In alternative implementations of the present disclosure, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions.
20
[0064] The computing device [1000] also may include a communication interface [1018] coupled to the bus [1002]. The communication interface [1018] provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link [1020] that is connected to a local network [1022]. For example, the communication interface [1018] may be an integrated services
25 digital network (ISDN) card, cable modem, satellite modem, or a modem to provide a data
communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, the communication interface [1018] may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, the communication interface [1018] sends and
30 receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams
representing various types of information.
[0065] The computing device [1000] can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), the network link [1020] and the communication
35 interface [1018]. In the Internet example, a server [1030] might transmit a requested code
for an application program through the Internet [1028], the ISP [1026], the Host [1024], the local network [1022] and the communication interface [1018]. The received code may be executed by the processor [1004] as it is received, and/or stored in the storage device [1010], or other non-volatile storage for later execution.
40
15

5 [0066] The computing device [1000] encompasses a wide range of electronic devices
capable of processing data and performing computations. Examples of computing device
[1000] include, but are not limited only to, personal computers, laptops, tablets,
smartphones, servers, and embedded systems. The devices may operate independently or
as part of a network and can perform a variety of tasks such as data storage, retrieval, and
10 analysis. Additionally, computing device [1000] may include peripheral devices, such as
monitors, keyboards, and printers, as well as integrated components within larger electronic systems, showcasing their versatility in various technological applications.
[0067] Referring to FIG. 2, an exemplary block diagram of a system [200] for optimizing
15 waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network is shown, in
accordance with the exemplary implementations of the present invention. The system [200]
comprises at least one processing unit [202], at least one generating unit [204] and at least
one switching unit [206]. Also, all of the components/ units of the system [200] are assumed
to be connected to each other unless otherwise indicated below. Also, in FIG. 2 only a few
20 units are shown, however, the system [200] may comprise multiple such units or the system
[200] may comprise any such numbers of said units, as required to implement the features of the present disclosure.
[0068] The system [200] comprises the processing unit [202]. The processing unit [202]
25 is configured to establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection between a user
equipment (UE) [302] and at least one network node [304]. In an exemplary aspect, the at
least one network node [304] is such as, but not limited to, gNodeB in a 5G network. The
RRC connection facilitates in setting up and maintaining the communication link between
the UE [302] and the network node [304], enabling the exchange of signalling messages
30 and user data. The establishment of the RRC connection involves a series of signalling
exchanges that initiate the connection setup, configure the necessary radio bearers, and
ensure that the UE [302] is authenticated and authorized to access the network services.
Once the RRC connection is established, the UE [302] can engage in various activities such
as data transfer, voice calls, and other services provided by the network such as, but not
35 limited to, 5G network. The processing unit [202] facilitates in managing the connections,
ensuring efficient communication, and maintaining the quality of service (QoS) for the UE
[302].
[0069] The system [200] comprises the generating unit [204], which is communicatively
40 coupled to the processing unit [202]. The generating unit [204] is configured to generate at
16

5 least two default bearers based on the established connection, wherein one bearer of the at
least two default bearers is used for data packet transfer and another bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for carrying session initiation protocol (SIP) signalling packets for the VoNR call establishment for efficiently managing the different types of traffic in the network, such as, but not limited to, 5G network. The default bearer is an initial
10 communication path established when the UE [302] connects to the network. It serves as
the default route for all data traffic between the user device and the core network. One of the default bearer, such as, the data bearer is responsible for handling the user's data traffic, such as internet browsing or file downloads, while another bearer such as, the SIP signalling bearer is dedicated to managing the signalling messages required for establishing and
15 maintaining VoNR calls. By separating the at least two default bearers, the system ensures
that voice call signalling is prioritized and handled efficiently, leading to improved call setup times and overall call quality.
[0070] In an exemplary aspect, the generating unit [204], which is communicatively
20 coupled to the processing unit [202]. The processing unit [202] is further configured to set
the CP-OFDM as a default waveform by indicating to the UE [302] in the radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message.
[0071] The system [200] comprises the switching unit [206], which is communicatively
25 coupled to the generating unit [204]. The switching unit [206] is configured to switch from
a default access technique to a first access technique for a duration of the VoNR call based on a detection of the VoNR call establishment. In an exemplary aspect, the switching unit [206] may switch from the default access technique to the first access technique for the duration of the VoNR call based on the detection of the VoNR call establishment for
30 optimizing the uplink waveform used during VoNR calls to improve both power efficiency
and call quality. In an exemplary aspect, the default access technique may be, such as cyclic prefix - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM), which is standard in the network, such as, the 5G network. In an exemplary aspect, upon detecting the establishment of a VoNR call, the switching unit [206] may enable the transform precoder. Upon
35 detecting the establishment of a VoNR call, the switching unit [206] activates a transform
precoder, which switches the uplink waveform to the first access technique, such as, discrete Fourier transform - spread - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). The DFT-S-OFDM exhibits a reduced peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to CP-OFDM waveform to conserve battery life of the UE [302] during the
40 VoNR call. Additionally, DFT-S-OFDM provides better Block Error Rate (BLER)
17

5 performance, which enhances the quality of the VoNR call, especially in poor radio
conditions. In an exemplary aspect, the switching unit [206] is configured to enable the
transform precoder by switching from the default access technique (for e.g., CP-OFDM) to
the first access technique (for e.g., DFT-S-OFDM) for the duration of the VoNR call to
reduce battery drain by utilizing the lower Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the
10 first access technique (for e.g., DFT-S-OFDM).
[0072] The switching unit [206] remains active throughout the duration of the VoNR call, ensuring that the benefits of the transform precoder are maintained. Once the VoNR call is terminated, the switching unit [206] may deactivate a dedicated bearer for voice
15 packets and disable the transform precoder via an RRC reconfiguration message to revert
to the default access technique for non-voice services. The switching unit [206] may deactivate the dedicated bearer for voice packets and disable the transform precoder via an RRC reconfiguration message. This action reverts the uplink waveform back to the default CP-OFDM technique for non-voice services, completing the cycle of optimization for the
20 VoNR call.
[0073] The switching unit [206] is further configured to enable and disable the transform precoder function through Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration messages exchanged between at least one network node [304], such as a gNodeB, and the user
25 equipment (UE) [302]. This functionality is essential for dynamically managing the uplink
waveform used during Voice over New Radio (VoNR) calls based on the call's status. When a VoNR call is established, the switching unit [206] sends an RRC reconfiguration message to the UE [302], instructing it to enable the transform precoder, which switches the uplink waveform to a more power-efficient and robust form, such as DFT-S-OFDM for
30 reducing battery consumption and improving call quality. Similarly, upon the termination
of the VoNR call, the switching unit [206] sends another RRC reconfiguration message to the UE [302] to disable the transform precoder. This message instructs the UE [302] to revert to the default uplink waveform, such as CP-OFDM, for non-voice services for ensuring that the system optimizes waveform usage for VoNR calls while maintaining
35 standard operation for other services.
[0074] FIG. 3A illustrates a sequence diagram [300] illustrating for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. 40
18

5 [0075] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the sequence diagram [300]
illustrates the steps involved in the optimization of waveform usage during a VoNR call in a network, such as, 5G network.
[0076] At step S1 in FIG. 3A, the sequence diagram begins with the user equipment (UE)
10 [302] sending a radio resource control (RRC) setup request to the network node [304], such
as gNodeB to initiate the process of establishing a radio connection, which is essential for any data or voice communication in the 5G network. In an exemplary aspect, after the UE initiates a call or requests a service, an RRC connection is established between the UE [302] and the network node [304]. 15
[0077] Continuing to step S2, in response to the UE's RRC setup request, the network
node [304] sends back an RRC setup response to the UE [302]. The response may comprise
at least one of uplink configuration parameters, physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)
settings, transformPrecoder to 'Disabled' setting indicating that the UE [302] should use
20 CP-OFDM as the default waveform for uplink data transmission.
[0078] At step S3, the UE [302] completes the RRC setup phase by sending a setup
complete message to the network node [304], which indicates that the UE [302] has
successfully received and acknowledged the uplink configuration parameters and RRC
25 establishment phase completed.
[0079] The sequence then proceeds to steps S4 and S5, which involve the activation of default bearers for data services.
30 [0080] At step S4, the network node [304] sends an RRC connection reconfiguration
message to the UE [302] that includes instructions to keep the transformPrecoder as 'Disabled' for data packet transfer. This message may also contain information to add a dedicated bearer for data service (Data Radio Bearer (DRB) with 5QI-9). The 5QI, a 5G QoS identifier, may correspond to a set of quality of service (QoS) characteristics that
35 should be used for the QoS flow. Such identifier(s) may define the quality of data or packet
communication provided by 5G network. These identifiers may include information of resource type, bitrates, priority levels, delay, error rate and the like. The 5QI-9 may associated with data service and streaming service.
19

5 [0081] At step S5, the UE [302] responds with an RRC connection reconfiguration
complete message, signifying that it has configured the data bearer as instructed by the network node [304].
[0082] In the next phase, steps S6 and S7 detail the activation of the voice bearer for
10 Voice over New Radio (VoNR) calls.
[0083] At step S6, the network node [304] sends an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message to the UE [302], enabling the transformPrecoder (transformPrecoder = Enabled). This enables the transform precoder for using the DFT-S-OFDM waveform for the uplink
15 voice packets, which is more power-efficient and offers improved BLER performance.
Further, this also reduces battery drain by utilizing the lower Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). This reconfiguration message also instructs the UE [302] to add a dedicated bearer for voice service (Voice Radio Bearer with 5QI-1). The 5QI-1 may associated with conversational voice.
20
[0084] At step S7, the UE [302] acknowledges the reconfiguration with a complete message, signalling that it is now set to use the DFT-S-OFDM waveform for the duration of the VoNR call.
25 [0085] At step S8, during the VoNR call, the UE [302] actively transmits uplink data
using the DFT-S-OFDM waveform, leveraging the benefits of transform Precoding being 'Enabled'. The DFT-S-OFDM waveform is active during conversation phase of the VoNR call.
30 [0086] Finally, at steps S9 and S10, the sequence diagram [300] illustrates the
deactivation of the voice bearer, which occurs when the user ends the VoNR call.
[0087] At step S9, the network node [304] sends another RRC Connection
Reconfiguration message, this time disabling the transformPrecoder (transformPrecoder =
35 Disabled), instructing the UE [302] to revert to the CP-OFDM waveform for uplink data
transmission and releasing the voice bearer for 5QI-1 and voice packet.
[0088] At step S10, the UE [302] sends back a RRC connection reconfiguration complete
message confirming the deactivation of the voice service and the resumption of standard
40 uplink configuration.
20

5
[0089] It would be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that the sequence demonstrates the novel approach of the present disclosure in dynamically managing the uplink waveform to optimize for battery efficiency and call quality throughout the lifecycle of a VoNR call. 10
[0090] FIG. 3B illustrates a flow diagram [350] illustrating for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
15 [0091] As shown in FIG. 3B, at S11, flow diagram [350] start at S11.
[0092] At step S11, the process begins with the establishment of the UE [302] context and the setup of the default bearers that enables the UE [302] to communicate with the network and defines the paths for data transfer and signalling for VoNR calls.
20
[0093] Moving on to step S12, the process determines whether a request to activate a VoNR bearer has been received. If such a request has not been received, the process moves to step S13, where normal operation continues with the transformPrecoder set to 'disabled', indicating that the standard CP-OFDM waveform should be used for uplink data
25 transmission.
[0094] If a VoNR bearer activation request is indeed received, as assessed at step S12,
the flow progresses to step S14 and the transformPrecoder is set to 'enabled' within an RRC
reconfiguration message sent to the UE [302]. This action is crucial as it signals the UE
30 [302] to switch from the default CP-OFDM waveform to the more efficient DFT-S-OFDM
waveform, which is optimized for VoNR calls, reducing battery drainage and good quality of calls.
[0095] Subsequently, at step S15, Uplink (UL) scheduling for the UE [302] is performed
35 to ensure radio bearer allocation adheres to the constraints imposed by the now-enabled
transformPrecoder for efficient spectrum use and maintaining the integrity of the VoNR call.
[0096] Further, at step S16 it is checked whether a request to deactivate the VoNR bearer
40 has been received. If not, the process loops back to perform step S16 again, maintaining
21

5 the call. However, if a deactivation request is received, indicating that the VoNR call is to
be terminated, the flow moves to step S17.
[0097] At step S17, the transformPrecoder is set back to 'disabled' within an RRC
reconfiguration message sent to the UE [302]. This disables the DFT-S-OFDM waveform
10 and reverts the uplink transmission to the default CP-OFDM waveform, in preparation for
the termination of the VoNR call.
[0098] Finally, step S18 checks whether the UE context has been released. If the context
is released, indicating that the call and all associated processes have been properly
15 terminated, the flow concludes at step S19, signifying the end of the VoNR call process
such that the network and UE [302] resources are cleanly released and can be reallocated as necessary.
[0099] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary architecture of a system [400] for optimizing
20 waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, in accordance with
an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4, the system [400]
comprises a UE [302], a network node [304], AMF [406] and UPF [408]. The network
node [304] comprises one or more Radio transceiver (TRX) [404a], L1 [404b], Distributed
Unit (DU) [404c], Central Unit (CU) User Plane [404d] and CU Control Plane [404e]. Also,
25 all of the components/ units of the network node [304] are assumed to be connected to each
other unless otherwise indicated below, however, due to clarity purpose partial interconnections are shown.
[0100] The Radio TRX [404a] of the system [400] may receive and transmit the user
30 data and control signals from/to the UE [302] and AMF [406] and UPF [408] during any
requested/providing voice or data service. In an exemplary aspect, the Radio TRX [404a] may perform conversion of digital information to analog form at the 5G radio frequency and facilitate transmission of downlink control and user plane data and reception of uplink control and user plane data. 35
[0101] The L1 [404b] of the system [400] implements transform precoding receiver for resources allocated to VoNR. In an exemplary aspect, the L1 may represent, as Layer 1 or Physical Layer of the 5G Protocol Stack.
22

5 [0102] The Distribution Unit (DU) [404c] of the system [400] implements scheduler
changes for transform precoding. Herein, the DU performs functions for handling baseband
signal processing, protocol termination, data forwarding, and synchronization. The DU
[404c] sends the user and control data of requested service(s) from the UE [302] for further
processing to the central unit (CU). In an exemplary aspect, DU [404c] may contain the
10 Layer 2 of the 5G Protocol Stack and its sub-layers – RLC and MAC layers.
[0103] Herein, the Central Unit (CU) performs functions like transfer of user data,
mobility control, traffic management, radio access network sharing, positioning, session
management etc., except those functions allocated exclusively to the Distribution Unit
15 (DU). The CU User Plane [404d] may receive Downlink (DL) User Plane (UP) packets
from the UPF [408] and processing the same for lower layers and ultimately to the UE [302]. Also receiving the Uplink (UL) User Plane (UP) packets from UE [302] (via lower layers) and sending the same to the UPF [408].
20 [0104] The CU User Plane (CU UP) [404d] may process user data and CU Control Plane
(CU CP) [404e] may process control data for requested service(s) from the UE [302]. In an exemplary aspect, CU CP [404e] may control the connections towards the AMF [406] on the Next Generation Application Protocol (NGAP) Protocol and also towards the UE [302] through the RRC protocol.
25
[0105] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the CU CP [404e] may perform the logic of the present disclosure.
[0106] When UE [302] initiates a Voice over NR (VoNR) call, the AMF [406] may
30 signal the CU CP [404e] to modify the RRC Connection so that a new bearer with 5QI-1
can be added on the UE [302]. When CU CP [404e] receives this signalling from the AMF
[406], it signals the UE [302] using RRC Reconfiguration message to add a new bearer and
also change the UL precoding type to transform precoding. While CU CP [404e] informs
the UE [302] through RRC messages, it also informs the internal sub-systems i.e. the DU
35 [404c] and the L1 [404b] to be ready to receive UL Packets from the UE [302] with
transform precoding enabled.
[0107] Further, when the UE [302] adds the new bearer for VoNR and applies transform precoding for the connection, the transmissions can be successfully decoded by the L1
23

5 [404b] and DU [404c]. The L1 [404b] and DU [404c] may also process the same and
through the CU UP [404d] the packets are sent to UPF [408].
[0108] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, Voice over New Radio (VoNR) refers to the method of delivering voice services over a 5G radio network. Unlike the more
10 commonly used 4G LTE, VoNR does not require the network to "fall back" to 4G for voice
services, operating solely on 5G. However, for VoNR to be widely commercialized, it needs to perform well even under poor radio frequency (RF) conditions and minimize battery drain when a VoNR call is in progress. This invention addresses both these concerns.
15
[0109] The invention introduces a method for the network node [304] (known as gNodeB in 5G terminology) to enforce the use of a power-efficient uplink waveform, known as DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform - Spread - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), also commonly referred to as Transform Precoding. This is in contrast to
20 the default CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
waveform that is commonly used.
[0110] The DFT-S-OFDM waveform has a lower Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) compared to the CP-OFDM waveform. The PAPR is a measure of the peak signal power
25 relative to the average signal power, and a lower PAPR implies greater energy efficiency,
resulting in less battery drainage during VoNR calls. Moreover, the Block Error Rate (BLER) performance of the gNodeB receiver when using DFT-S-OFDM is better than when using CP-OFDM. BLER refers to the rate at which blocks of data are received incorrectly. Better BLER performance can lead to increased radio coverage for VoNR calls
30 and improved voice quality, especially under poor radio conditions.
[0111] It would be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that by forcing the use of
DFT-S-OFDM waveform instead of the default CP-OFDM waveform during a VoNR call,
this invention seeks to improve the energy efficiency and voice quality of VoNR services
35 in 5G networks.
[0112] Referring to FIG. 5 an exemplary method flow diagram [500], for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention is shown. In an implementation the
24

5 method [500] is performed by the system [200]. As shown in FIG. 5, the method [500]
starts at step [502].
[0113] At step [504], the method [500] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises establishing, by a processing unit [202], a radio resource control (RRC) connection between
10 a user equipment (UE) [302] and at least one network node [304]. In an exemplary aspect,
the at least one network node [304] is such as, but not limited to, gNodeB in a 5G network. The RRC connection facilitates in setting up and maintaining the communication link between the UE [302] and the network node [304], enabling the exchange of signalling messages and user data. The establishment of the RRC connection involves a series of
15 signalling exchanges that initiate the connection setup, configure the necessary radio
bearers, and ensure that the UE [302] is authenticated and authorized to access the network services. Once the RRC connection is established, the UE [302] can engage in various activities such as data transfer, voice calls, and other services provided by the network, such as, but not limited to, 5G network. The processing unit [202] facilitates in managing
20 the connections, ensuring efficient communication, and maintaining the quality of service
for the UE [302].
[0114] Next, at step [506], the method [500] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises generating, by a generating unit [204], at least two default bearers based on the
25 established connection, wherein one bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for
data packet transfer and another bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for carrying session initiation protocol (SIP) signalling packets for the VoNR call establishment. Once the RRC connection is established, the method [500] via generating unit [204] generates at least two default radio bearers (communication channels) for efficiently managing the
30 different types of traffic in the network, such as, but not limited to, 5G network. The default
bearer is an initial communication path established when the UE [302] connects to the network. It serves as the default route for all data traffic between the user device and the core network. One of the default bearers, such as, the data bearer is responsible for handling the user's data traffic, such as internet browsing or file downloads, while another bearer,
35 such as, the SIP signalling bearer is dedicated to managing the signalling messages required
for establishing and maintaining VoNR calls. By separating the at least two default bearers, the system ensures that voice call signalling is prioritized and handled efficiently, leading to improved call setup times and overall call quality.
25

5 [0115] In an exemplary aspect, the generating unit [204], which is communicatively
coupled to the processing unit [202]. The processing unit [202] is further configured to set the CP-OFDM as a default waveform by indicating to the UE [302] in the radio resource control (RRC) setup message.
10 [0116] Next, at step [508], the method [500] as disclosed by the present disclosure
comprises based on a detection of the VoNR call establishment, switching, by a switching unit [206], from a default access technique to a first access technique for a duration of the VoNR call. In an exemplary aspect, the switching unit [206] may switch from the default access technique to the first access technique for the duration of the VoNR call based on
15 the detection of the VoNR call establishment for optimizing the uplink waveform used
during VoNR calls to improve both power efficiency and call quality. In an exemplary aspect, the default access technique typically used is cyclic prefix - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM), which is standard in the network, such as, the 5G networks. In an exemplary aspect, upon detecting the establishment of a VoNR call, the
20 switching unit [206] may enable the transform precoder. Upon detecting the establishment
of a VoNR call, the switching unit [206] activates the transform precoder, which switches the uplink waveform to the first access technique, such as, discrete Fourier transform -spread - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). The DFT-S-OFDM exhibits a reduced peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to CP-OFDM waveform
25 to conserve battery life of the UE [302] during the VoNR call. Additionally, DFT-S-OFDM
provides better Block Error Rate (BLER) performance, which enhances the quality of the VoNR call, especially in poor radio conditions. In an exemplary aspect, the switching unit [206] is configured to enable the transform precoder by switching from the default access technique (for e.g., CP-OFDM) to the first access technique (for e.g., DFT-S-OFDM) for
30 the duration of the VoNR call to reduce battery drain by utilizing the lower Peak to Average
Power Ratio (PAPR) of the first access technique (for e.g., DFT-S-OFDM).
[0117] The switching unit [206] remains active throughout the duration of the VoNR
call, ensuring that the benefits of the transform precoder are maintained. Once the VoNR
35 call is terminated, the switching unit [206] may deactivate a dedicated bearer for voice
packets and disable the transform precoder via an RRC reconfiguration message to revert to the default access technique for non-voice services. The switching unit [206] may deactivate the dedicated bearer for voice packets and disable the transform precoder via an RRC reconfiguration message. This action reverts the uplink waveform back to the default
26

5 CP-OFDM technique for non-voice services, completing the cycle of optimization for the
VoNR call.
[0118] The switching unit [206] is further configured to enable and disable the transform
precoder function through Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration messages
10 exchanged between at least one network node [304], such as a gNodeB, and the user
equipment (UE) [302]. This functionality is essential for dynamically managing the uplink waveform used during Voice over New Radio (VoNR) calls based on the call's status.
[0119] When a VoNR call is established, the switching unit [206] sends an RRC
15 reconfiguration message to the UE [302], instructing it to enable the transform precoder,
which switches the uplink waveform to a more power-efficient and robust form, such as
DFT-S-OFDM for reducing battery consumption and improving call quality. Similarly,
upon the termination of the VoNR call, the switching unit [206] sends another RRC
reconfiguration message to the UE [302] to disable the transform precoder. This message
20 instructs the UE [02] to revert to the default uplink waveform, such as CP-OFDM, for non-
voice services for ensuring that the system optimizes waveform usage for VoNR calls while maintaining standard operation for other services.
[0120] Thereafter, the method [500] terminates at step [510].
25
[0121] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call in a network is disclosed. The instructions include executable code which, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to establish a radio
30 resource control (RRC) connection between a user equipment (UE) [302] and at least one
network node [304]; generate at least two default bearers based on the established connection, wherein one bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for data packet transfer and another bearer of the at least two default bearers is used for carrying session initiation protocol signalling packets for the VoNR call establishment; and enable a
35 transform precoder by switching from a default access technique to a first access technique
for a duration of the VoNR call based on a detection of the VoNR call establishment.
[0122] The present disclosure aims to overcome the existing problems for optimizing
waveform usage in Voice over New Radio (VoNR) calls in a network, such as 5G network.
40 This method addresses the issues of high power consumption and poor voice quality in
27

5 poor radio conditions that are prevalent in existing techniques. Firstly, the technique
involves establishing a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection between the user equipment (UE) [302] and the network node [304] (gNodeB), followed by generating default bearers for data packet transfer and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signalling for VoNR call establishment. Thereafter when the VoNR call is detected, at which point a
10 transform precoder is enabled by switching from the default cyclic prefix - orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform to a more power-efficient discrete Fourier transform - spread - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) waveform. This switch reduces the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), thereby minimizing battery drain during the VoNR call. Additionally, the use of the DFT-S-OFDM
15 waveform enhances the Block Error Rate (BLER) performance, leading to improved voice
quality in poor radio conditions. Upon termination of the VoNR call, the dedicated bearer for voice packets is deactivated, and the transform precoder is disabled to revert to the default access technique for non-voice services. By addressing both the battery consumption and voice quality issues, this invention provides a more efficient and robust
20 solution for managing VoNR calls in 5G networks. It offers a scalable and flexible
approach that can adapt to varying traffic patterns and network conditions, thus improving the overall user experience and network reliability.
[0123] Further, in accordance with the present disclosure, it is to be acknowledged that
25 the functionality described for the various components/units can be implemented
interchangeably. While specific embodiments may disclose a particular functionality of
these units for clarity, it is recognized that various configurations and combinations thereof
are within the scope of the disclosure. The functionality of specific units, as disclosed in
the disclosure, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.
30 Consequently, alternative arrangements and substitutions of units, provided they achieve
the intended functionality described herein, are considered to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0124] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the disclosed
35 embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many
changes can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. These and other changes in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, whereby it is to be understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented is illustrative and non-limiting.
28

5
I/We Claim:
1. A method for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call
in a network, the method comprising:
10 establishing, by a processing unit [202], a radio resource control (RRC)
connection between a user equipment (UE) [302] and at least one network node [304];
generating, by a generating unit [204], at least two default bearers based on
the established RRC connection, wherein one bearer of the at least two default
15 bearers is used for data packet transfer and another bearer of the at least two default
bearers is used for carrying session initiation protocol (SIP) signalling packets for
the VoNR call establishment; and
based on a detection of the VoNR call establishment, switching, by a
switching unit [206], from a default access technique to a first access technique for
20 a duration of the VoNR call.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein upon termination of the VoNR call, the
method comprises at least one of:
deactivating, by the switching unit [206], a dedicated bearer for voice packets;
and
25 disabling, by the switching unit [206], a transform precoder via an RRC
reconfiguration message to revert to the default access technique for non-voice
services.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one network node [304] is
gNodeB.
30 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the default access technique is cyclic
prefix - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM).
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises setting, by the
processing unit [202], the CP-OFDM as a default waveform by indicating to the UE
in the RRC reconfiguration message.
35 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first access technique is discrete
fourier transform - spread - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM).

5 7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the DFT-S-OFDM exhibits a reduced
peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to CP-OFDM waveform to conserve battery life of the UE [302] during the VoNR call.
8. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises enabling and
disabling, by the switching unit [206], the transform precoder function through RRC
10 reconfiguration messages exchanged between the at least one network node [304]
and the UE [302].
9. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the switching further comprises enabling,
by the switching unit [206], the transform precoder.
10. A system for optimizing waveform usage in a Voice over New Radio (VoNR) call
15 in a network, the system comprises:
a processing unit [202], configured to establish a radio resource control (RRC) connection between a user equipment (UE) [302] and at least one network node [304];
a generating unit [204], configured to generate at least two default bearers
20 based on the established RRC connection, wherein one bearer of the at least two
default bearers is used for data packet transfer and another bearer of the at least two
default bearers is used for carrying session initiation protocol signalling packets for
the VoNR call establishment; and
a switching unit [206] configured to switch from a default access technique to
25 a first access technique for a duration of the VoNR call based on a detection of the
VoNR call establishment.
11. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein upon termination of the VoNR call, the
switching unit [206] is configured to perform at least one of:
deactivate a dedicated bearer for voice packets; and
30 disable a transform precoder via an RRC reconfiguration message to revert to
the default access technique for non-voice services.
12. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the at least one network node [304] is
gNodeB.
13. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the default access technique is cyclic
35 prefix - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM).

5 14. The system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the processing unit [202] is further
configured to set the CP-OFDM as a default waveform by indicating to the UE [302] in the RRC reconfiguration message.
15. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the first access technique is discrete
fourier transform - spread - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-
10 OFDM).
16. The system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the DFT-S-OFDM exhibits a reduced
peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared to CP-OFDM waveform to conserve
battery life of the UE [302] during the VoNR call.
17. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the switching unit [206] is further
15 configured to enable and disable the transform precoder function through RRC
reconfiguration messages exchanged between the at least one network node [304] and the UE [302].
18. The system as claimed in claim wherein the switching further comprises
enabling, by the switching unit [206], the transform precoder.