FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 OF 1970) & THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
“METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SELECTING A DOMAIN FOR TERMINATING A MESSAGE”
We, Jio Platforms Limited, an Indian National, of Office - 101, Saffron, Nr. Centre Point, Panchwati 5 Rasta, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad - 380006, Gujarat, India.
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SELECTING A DOMAIN FOR TERMINATING A
MESSAGE
TECHNICAL FIELD
5
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to network performance management systems. More particularly, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to domain selection for terminating messages.
10 BACKGROUND
[0002] The following description of the related art is intended to provide background
information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects
of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should
15 be appreciated that this section is used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with
respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of the prior art.
[0003] Wireless communication technology has rapidly evolved over the past few decades, with each generation bringing significant improvements and advancements. The first
20 generation of wireless communication technology was based on analog technology and offered
only voice services. However, with the advent of the second-generation (2G) technology, digital communication and data services became possible, and text messaging was introduced. The third generation (3G) technology marked the introduction of high-speed internet access, mobile video calling, and location-based services. The fourth generation (4G) technology
25 revolutionized wireless communication with faster data speeds, better network coverage, and
improved security. Currently, the fifth generation (5G) technology is being deployed, promising even faster data speeds, low latency, and the ability to connect multiple devices simultaneously. With each generation, wireless communication technology has become more advanced, sophisticated, and capable of delivering more services to its users.
30
[0004] Various user devices may be connected to different networks of wireless systems, such as the 2G technology, the 3G technology, the 4G technology, and the 5G technology. These different technologies have a primary difference in data transfer rates. Also, in the forthcoming
2

time, with the evolution of new technologies such as sixth generation (6G), some of the devices may further connect to the 6G where the same is available.
[0005] When one of the networks is not available, a user may connect to another network if
5 allowed by a service provider, i.e., the network provider. In this process, customers expect to
have a seamless service experience.
[0006] When the user moves from one Radio Access Network (RAN) technology to another
RAN technology as per requirement, for example, from the 5G technology to the 3G
10 technology, for some reason, a Short Message Service (SMS) message might get dropped if
the correct technology or access is not selected by an IPSMGW (Internet protocol short message gateway), which acts as a gateway to other domains.
[0007] Further, over the period of time, various solutions have been developed to improve the
15 performance of communication devices and to select the correct domain for terminating
messages. However, there are certain challenges with existing solutions. For example, when
the correct technology domain is not known to the IPSMGW, the IPSMGW, in a prior known
solution, tries on all available access types to successfully deliver the message. This increases
the delivery time and consumption of resources, and when the messages get timed out in such
20 procedures, it also leads to message failures.
[0008] Therefore, there does not exist an efficient method and system for domain selection for terminating messages, which the present disclosure aims to address.
25 SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0009] This section is provided to introduce certain aspects of the present disclosure in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the key features or the scope of the claimed subject matter. 30
[0010] An aspect of the present disclosure may relate to a method for domain selection for terminating a message. The method comprises receiving the message, by a transceiver unit at an internet protocol short message gateway (IPSMGW) from a first user device of a user, wherein the message is to be terminated at a second user device of another user. Further, the
3

method comprises determining, by a determination unit at the IPSMGW, a presence of a user
profile information of the another user in a home location register (HLR), a user access
information of the another user, and a cell-identity information of the another user. Further, the
method comprises determining, by the determination unit, one of: presence of a Type 1 tag and
5 a presence of a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information, in an event the presence
of the user profile information in the HLR is determined. Further, the method comprises selecting, by a selection unit, the domain for terminating the message based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information.
10 [0011] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the user access information, and the
cell-identity information, is saved in a P-Access-Network-Information (PANI) header in the storage unit.
[0012] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the Type 1 tag is associated with a
15 new radio technology, and the Type 2 tag is associated with an evolved universal terrestrial
radio access network technology.
[0013] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the domain belongs to one of: a 5G
(fifth generation) termination module, in an event the Type 1 tag is available and a 4G (fourth
20 generation) termination module, in an event the Type 2 tag is available.
[0014] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the domain is selected as a 2G/3G
(second generation/third generation) termination module, in an event of the presence of the
user profile information of the another user in the HLR and an absence of the Type 1 tag and
25 the Type 2 tag.
[0015] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the method further comprises storing, by a storage unit at the IPSMGW, the message, in an event of the absence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR. 30
[0016] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the method further comprises retrying sending the message stored in the storage unit at the IPSMGW, in an event of a fresh registration of the another user.
4

[0017] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the 5G termination module is a short message service function (SMSF) node, and the 4G termination module is a serving - call session control function (SCSCF) node.
5 [0018] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the 2G/3G termination module is a
visited mobile switching centre (VMSC) node.
[0019] Another aspect of the present disclosure may relate to a system for domain selection for terminating a message. The system comprises an internet protocol short message gateway
10 (IPSMGW). The IPSMGW further comprises a transceiver unit. The transceiver unit is
configured to receive the message, from a first user device of a user, to be terminated at a second user device of another user. Further, the IPSMGW further comprises a determination unit connected to at least the transceiver unit. The determination unit is configured to determine: a presence of a user profile information of the another user in a home location
15 register (HLR), a user access information of the another user, and a cell-identity information
of the another user. Further, the determination unit is configured to determine one of: a Type 1 tag and a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information, in an event the presence of the user profile information in the HLR is determined. Further, the IPSMGW further comprises a selection unit connected to at least the determination unit. The selection unit is configured to
20 select the domain for terminating the message, based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag
and the Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information.
[0020] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure may relate to a non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions for domain selection for terminating a message,
25 the instructions include executable code which, when executed by one or more units of a system
comprising an internet protocol short message gateway (IPSMGW), causes: a transceiver unit of the IPSMGW to receive the message, from a first user device of a user, to be terminated at a second user device of another user; a determination unit of the IPSMGW to determine: a presence of a user profile information of the another user in a home location register (HLR), a
30 user access information of the another user, and a cell-identity information of the another user;
the determination unit of the IPSMGW to determine one of: a Type 1 tag and a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information, in an event the presence of the user profile information in the HLR is determined ; a selection unit of the IPSMGW to select the domain
5

for terminating the message, based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information.
[0021] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure may relate to a user equipment (UE) for
5 domain selection for terminating a message. The user equipment comprises a system, the
system comprising an internet protocol short message gateway (IPSMGW). The IPSM gateway further comprises a transceiver unit. The transceiver unit is configured to receive the message, from a first user device of a user, to be terminated at a second user device of another user. Further, the IPSMGW further comprises a determination unit connected to at least the
10 transceiver unit. The determination unit is configured to determine: a presence of a user profile
information of the another user in a home location register (HLR), a user access information of the another user, and a cell-identity information of the another user. Further, the determination unit is configured to determine one of: a Type 1 tag and a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information, in an event the presence of the user profile information in the
15 HLR is determined. Further, the IPSMGW further comprises a selection unit connected to at
least the determination unit. The selection unit is configured to select the domain for terminating the message, based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information.
20 OBJECTS OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0022] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment disclosed herein satisfies are listed herein below.
25 [0023] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method for domain
selection for terminating messages to provide seamless SMS service for any access type of users in the network irrespective of the network they are connected to.
[0024] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method for domain
30 selection for terminating messages which consumes less time to search for the correct access
type to deliver the messages.
[0025] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a solution that reduces consumption of resources in the process of domain selection for terminating messages.
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[0026] It is yet another object of the present disclosure to provide a solution to reduce the number of message delivery failures due to time-out.
5 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings.
10 Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon
clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Also, the embodiments shown in the figures are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure, but the possible variants of the method and system according to the disclosure are illustrated herein to highlight the advantages of the disclosure. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings
15 includes disclosure of electrical components or circuitry commonly used to implement such
components.
[0028] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram representation of 5th generation core (5GC) network architecture. 20
[0029] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computing device upon which the features of the present disclosure may be implemented in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure.
25 [0030] Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a system for selecting a domain for
terminating a message, in accordance with exemplary implementations of the present disclosure.
[0031] Fig. 4 illustrates a method flow diagram for selecting a domain for terminating a
30 message in accordance with exemplary implementations of the present disclosure.
[0032] Fig. 5 illustrates an exemplary scenario method flow for selecting a domain for terminating a message in accordance with exemplary implementations of the present disclosure.
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[0033] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the disclosure.
5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details
are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present
disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be
10 practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter may each be used
independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above.
15 [0035] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to
limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and
20 scope of the disclosure as set forth.
[0036] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough
understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in
the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example,
25 circuits, systems, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block
diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail.
[0037] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process which is
depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block
30 diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of
the operations may be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure.
8

[0038] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an
example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed
herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as
“exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or
5 advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary
structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent
that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the
detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive—in a manner similar
to the term “comprising” as an open transition word—without precluding any additional or
10 other elements.
[0039] As used herein, a “processing unit” or “processor” or “operating processor” includes one or more processors, wherein processor refers to any logic circuitry for processing instructions. A processor may be a general-purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a
15 conventional processor, a digital signal processor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more
microprocessors in association with a (Digital Signal Processing) DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Field Programmable Gate Array circuits, any other type of integrated circuits, etc. The processor may perform signal coding data processing, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the
20 working of the system according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the processor or
processing unit is a hardware processor.
[0040] As used herein, “a user equipment”, “a user device”, “a smart-user-device”, “a smart-device”, “an electronic device”, “a mobile device”, “a handheld device”, “a wireless
25 communication device”, “a mobile communication device”, “a communication device” may
be any electrical, electronic and/or computing device or equipment, capable of implementing the features of the present disclosure. The user equipment/device may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, smart phone, laptop, a general-purpose computer, desktop, personal digital assistant, tablet computer, wearable device or any other computing device which is capable of
30 implementing the features of the present disclosure. Also, the user device may contain at least
one input means configured to receive an input from unit(s) which are required to implement the features of the present disclosure.
9

[0041] As used herein, “storage unit” or “memory unit” refers to a machine or computer-
readable medium including any mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a
computer or similar machine. For example, a computer-readable medium includes read-only
memory (“ROM”), random access memory (“RAM”), magnetic disk storage media, optical
5 storage media, flash memory devices or other types of machine-accessible storage media. The
storage unit stores at least the data that may be required by one or more units of the system to perform their respective functions.
[0042] As used herein “interface” or “user interface refers to a shared boundary across which
10 two or more separate components of a system exchange information or data. The interface may
also be referred to a set of rules or protocols that define communication or interaction of one or more modules or one or more units with each other, which also includes the methods, functions, or procedures that may be called.
15 [0043] All modules, units, components used herein, unless explicitly excluded herein, may be
software modules or hardware processors, the processors being a general-purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), Field
20 Programmable Gate Array circuits (FPGA), any other type of integrated circuits, etc.
[0044] As used herein the transceiver unit include at least one receiver and at least one
transmitter configured respectively for receiving and transmitting data, signals, information, or
a combination thereof between units/components within the system and/or connected with the
25 system.
[0045] As used herein, a ‘domain’ refers to a network with which the user is latched/ may latch to. For example, when a user is latched to a 4G network, the domain is the 4G domain, and when a user is latched to a 5G network, the domain is the 5G domain. 30
[0046] As used herein, ‘Short Message Service Function’ or ‘SMSF’ refers to a core network component responsible for managing the delivery of short text messages between users. It facilitates communication within the wireless network infrastructure. More specifically, SMSF
10

may be the function responsible for the transmission of SMS messages between users and devices in the 5G network and those in other networks (2G/3G/4G).
[0047] As used herein, ‘Serving-Call Session Control Function’ or ‘S-CSCF’ refers to a key
5 element of the internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architecture. S-CSCF
manages setup, control, and termination of multimedia sessions, including voice and video calls, within the wireless communication network, such as 5G network. S-CSCF may be responsible for conducting both registration and session control for the registered UE's session. Further, a S-CSCF address refers to the network address where the S-CSCF is located.
10
[0048] As used herein, Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) refers to a central component of the network infrastructure that manages call routing, switching, and mobility functions. Further, when a mobile subscriber moves into an area covered by a different network operator, the MSC of that operator, which serves the subscriber temporarily, is referred to as the ‘Visited MSC’
15 or ‘VMSC’, as used herein. The VMSC handles the subscriber's calls and data while they are
within the coverage area of the visited network, facilitating seamless communication for roaming subscribers. Also, each VMSC has its own identifier or identity (ID), i.e., VMSCID, allowing the network to route calls and data appropriately to roaming subscribers within its coverage area.
20
[0049] As used herein, Internet Protocol Short Message Gateway or IPSM gateway or IPSMGW refers to an IMS Application Server which handles SIP based messaging services for IMS subscribers. IPSMGW is a system that enables exchange of short messages (SMS) over IP networks and acts as an interface between the IP network and the traditional SMS
25 infrastructure, facilitating the transmission of text messages using internet protocols. This
gateway allows users to send and receive SMS messages through applications and devices connected to IP networks.
[0050] As used herein, Mobile application part protocol or MAP protocol refers to a SS7
30 protocol (i.e., signalling system 7, which is an international telecommunication protocol
standard that defines how the network elements in a public switched telephone network (PSTN) exchange information and control signals) used for setup and control of wireless calls via the public switched telephone network, providing an application layer for the nodes in GSM
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(Global System for Mobile communication), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) networks.
[0051] As used herein, MSISDN or Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number
5 refers to a number that uniquely identifies a subscription in a GSM or a UMTS mobile network.
A MSISDN is the phone number associated with a single SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card and is the number to which a call is made, or an SMS message is sent.
[0052] As used herein, Session Initiation Protocol or SIP refers to a signalling protocol used
10 for initiating, maintaining, and terminating communication sessions that include voice, video
and messaging applications. SIP enables voice, messaging, video and other communications applications and services between two or more endpoints on IP networks.
[0053] As discussed in the background section, the current known solutions have several
15 shortcomings. The present disclosure aims to overcome the above-mentioned and other
existing problems in this field of technology by providing method and system of domain selection for terminating messages.
[0054] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram representation of 5th generation core
20 (5GC) network architecture, in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present
disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the 5GC network architecture [100] includes a user equipment
(UE) [102], a Radio Access Network (RAN) [104], an access and mobility management
function (AMF) [106], a Session Management Function (SMF) [108], a Service
Communication Proxy (SCP) [110], an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) [112], a
25 Network Slice Specific Authentication and Authorization Function (NSSAAF) [114], a
Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) [116], a Network Exposure Function (NEF) [118],
a Network Repository Function (NRF) [120], a Policy Control Function (PCF) [122], a Unified
Data Management (UDM) [124], an application function (AF) [126], a User Plane Function
(UPF) [128], a data network (DN) [130], wherein all the components are assumed to be
30 connected to each other in a manner as obvious to the person skilled in the art for implementing
features of the present disclosure.
[0055] Radio Access Network (RAN) [104] is the part of a mobile telecommunications system that connects user equipment (UE) [102] to the core network (CN) and provides access to
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different types of networks (e.g., 5G network). It consists of radio base stations and the radio access technologies that enable wireless communication.
[0056] Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) [106] is a 5G core network function
5 responsible for managing access and mobility aspects, such as UE registration, connection, and
reachability. It also handles mobility management procedures like handovers and paging.
[0057] Session Management Function (SMF) [108] is a 5G core network function responsible
for managing session-related aspects, such as establishing, modifying, and releasing sessions.
10 It coordinates with the User Plane Function (UPF) for data forwarding and handles IP address
allocation and QoS enforcement.
[0058] Service Communication Proxy (SCP) [110] is a network function in the 5G core
network that facilitates communication between other network functions by providing a secure
15 and efficient messaging service. It acts as a mediator for service-based interfaces.
[0059] Authentication Server Function (AUSF) [112] is a network function in the 5G core responsible for authenticating UEs during registration and providing security services. It generates and verifies authentication vectors and tokens. 20
[0060] Network Slice Specific Authentication and Authorization Function (NSSAAF) [114] is a network function that provides authentication and authorization services specific to network slices. It ensures that UEs can access only the slices for which they are authorized.
25 [0061] Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) [116] is a network function responsible for
selecting the appropriate network slice for a UE based on factors such as subscription, requested services, and network policies.
[0062] Network Exposure Function (NEF) [118] is a network function that exposes capabilities
30 and services of the 5G network to external applications, enabling integration with third-party
services and applications.
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[0063] Network Repository Function (NRF) [120] is a network function that acts as a central repository for information about available network functions and services. It facilitates the discovery and dynamic registration of network functions.
5 [0064] Policy Control Function (PCF) [122] is a network function responsible for policy
control decisions, such as QoS, charging, and access control, based on subscriber information and network policies.
[0065] Unified Data Management (UDM) [124] is a network function that centralizes the
10 management of subscriber data, including authentication, authorization, and subscription
information.
[0066] Application Function (AF) [126] is a network function that represents external applications interfacing with the 5G core network to access network capabilities and services. 15
[0067] User Plane Function (UPF) [128] is a network function responsible for handling user data traffic, including packet routing, forwarding, and QoS enforcement.
[0068] Data Network (DN) [130] refers to a network that provides data services to user
20 equipment (UE) in a telecommunications system. The data services may include but are not
limited to Internet services, private data network related services.
[0069] Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computing device [1000] (or as used herein, computer system [1000]) upon which the features of the present disclosure may be
25 implemented in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure. In an
implementation, the computing device [1000] may also implement a method for selecting a domain for terminating a message utilising the system. In another implementation, the computing device [1000] itself implements the method selecting the domain for terminating the message using one or more units configured within the computing device [1000], wherein
30 said one or more units are capable of implementing the features as disclosed in the present
disclosure.
[0070] The computing device [1000] may include a bus [1002] or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a hardware processor [1004] coupled with bus
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[1002] for processing information. The hardware processor [1004] may be, for example, a
general-purpose microprocessor. The computing device [1000] may also include a main
memory [1006], such as a random-access memory (RAM), or other dynamic storage device,
coupled to the bus [1002] for storing information and instructions to be executed by the
5 processor [1004]. The main memory [1006] also may be used for storing temporary variables
or other intermediate information during execution of the instructions to be executed by the
processor [1004]. Such instructions, when stored in non-transitory storage media accessible to
the processor [1004], render the computing device [1000] into a special-purpose machine that
is customized to perform the operations specified in the instructions. The computing device
10 [1000] further includes a read only memory (ROM) [1008] or other static storage device
coupled to the bus [1002] for storing static information and instructions for the processor [1004].
[0071] A storage device [1010], such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or solid-state drive is provided and coupled to the bus [1002] for storing information and instructions. The computing device [1000] may be coupled via the bus [1002] to a display [1012], such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), Liquid crystal Display (LCD), Light Emitting Diode (LED) display, Organic LED (OLED) display, etc. for displaying information to a computer user. An input device [1014], including alphanumeric and other keys, touch screen input means, etc. may be coupled to the bus [1002] for communicating information and command selections to the processor [1004]. Another type of user input device may be a cursor controller [1016], such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys, for communicating direction information and command selections to the processor [1004], and for controlling cursor movement on the display [1012]. This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allow the device to specify positions in a plane.
[0072] The computing device [1000] may implement the techniques described herein using
customized hard-wired logic, one or more ASICs or FPGAs, firmware and/or program logic
which in combination with the computing device [1000] causes or programs the computing
30 device [1000] to be a special-purpose machine. According to one implementation, the
techniques herein are performed by the computing device [1000] in response to the processor [1004] executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in the main memory [1006]. Such instructions may be read into the main memory [1006] from another storage medium, such as the storage device [1010]. Execution of the sequences of instructions
15

contained in the main memory [1006] causes the processor [1004] to perform the process steps described herein. In alternative implementations of the present disclosure, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions.
5 [0073] The computing device [1000] also may include a communication interface [1018]
coupled to the bus [1002]. The communication interface [1018] provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link [1020] that is connected to a local network [1022]. For example, the communication interface [1018] may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card, cable modem, satellite modem, or a modem to provide a data communication
10 connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, the communication
interface [1018] may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, the communication interface [1018] sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of
15 information.
[0074] The computing device [1000] can send messages and receive data, including program
code, through the network(s), the network link [1020] and the communication interface [1018].
In the Internet example, a server [1030] might transmit a requested code for an application
20 program through the Internet [1028], the ISP [1026], the local network [1022], the host [1024]
and the communication interface [1018]. The received code may be executed by the processor [1004] as it is received, and/or stored in the storage device [1010], or other non-volatile storage for later execution.
25 [0075] Referring to Figure 3, an exemplary block diagram of a system [300] for selecting a
domain for terminating a message, is shown, in accordance with the exemplary implementations of the present disclosure. The system [300] comprises at least one transceiver unit [302], at least one determination unit [304], at least one selection unit [306], at least one storage unit [308], at least one 5G (fifth generation) termination module [310] and at least one
30 4G (fourth generation) termination module [312], at least one 2G/3G (second generation/third
generation) termination module [314]. Also, all of the components/ units of the system [300] are assumed to be connected to each other unless otherwise indicated below. As shown in the figures all units shown within the system should also be assumed to be connected to each other. Also, in Fig. 3 only a few units are shown, however, the system [300] may comprise multiple
16

such units or the system [300] may comprise any such numbers of said units, as required to
implement the features of the present disclosure. Further, in an implementation, the system
[300] may be present in a user device to implement the features of the present disclosure. The
system [300] may be a part of the user device / or may be independent of but in communication
5 with the user device (may also referred herein as a UE). In another implementation, the system
[300] may reside in a server or a network entity.
[0076] The system [300] is configured for selecting the domain for terminating the message, with the help of the interconnection between the components/units of the system [300]. Pertinently, a domain may refer to a network with which the user is latched/ may latch to. For example, the user may latch to 3G network, or 4G network, or 5G network, etc. Further, as disclosed earlier, various user devices may be connected to different networks of wireless systems, such as the 2G network, the 3G network, the 4G network, and the 5G network, etc. These different technologies have different data transfer rates. Further, when one of the networks is not available, a user may connect to another network. Thus, for a seamless service experience of sending and receiving messages by user devices, it is important to know which technology network/ domain, a user device is latched to.
[0077] Further, in accordance with the present disclosure, it is to be acknowledged that the functionality described for the various components/units can be implemented interchangeably. While specific embodiments may disclose a particular functionality of these units for clarity, it is recognized that various configurations and combinations thereof are within the scope of the disclosure. The functionality of specific units as disclosed in the disclosure should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Consequently, alternative arrangements and substitutions of units, provided they achieve the intended functionality described herein, are considered to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0078] The transceiver unit [302] is configured to receive the message, from a first user device of a user, to be terminated at a second user device of an another user. 30
[0079] Further, the determination unit [304] is connected to at least the transceiver unit [302]. The determination unit [304] is configured to determine: a presence of a user profile information of the another user in a home location register (HLR), a user access information of the another user, and a cell-identity information of the another user. It is to be noted that the
17

user access information and the cell-identity information is saved in a P-Access-Network-
Information (PANI) header in a storage unit [308]. In an implementation, the determination
unit [304] is configured to check user’s profile and P-Access-Network-Info (PANI) header
saved during registration. The user’s access and the cell-ID (cell-identity) information is
5 available with the P-Access-Network-Information (PANI) header which is saved in the storage
unit [308] during registration. It should be construed by a person skilled in the art that when a
user accesses communication network, a User Equipment (UE) includes the P-Access-
Network-Info (PANI) header (P-ANI, for example: 3GPP-NR-FDD; utran-cell-id-
3gpp=4058570000010000000b0) in each message sent during the registration procedure, that
10 is, while registering with the network. The PANI header is a Third Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP)-defined header and indicates to the network over which access technology the UE is attached to an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), and also the location of the user.
[0080] Further, the determination unit [304] is configured to determine one of: a Type 1 tag
15 and a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information, in an event of the presence of the
user profile information in the HLR is determined. In an implementation, the Type 1 tag is
associated a new radio technology, and the Type 2 tag is associated with an evolved universal
terrestrial radio access network technology. As used herein, the ‘Type 1 tag’ refers to a
parameter indicating that the user belongs to 5G domain, and similarly, ‘Type 2 tag’ refers to
20 a parameter indicating that the user belongs to 4G domain.
[0081] Further, the selection unit [306] is connected to at least the determination unit [304]. The selection unit [306] is configured to select the domain for terminating the message, based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag associated with the user profile
25 information. Pertinently, the domain belongs to one of: a 5G (fifth generation) termination
module [310], in an event the Type 1 tag is available and a 4G (fourth generation) termination module [312], in an event the Type 2 tag is available. Further, the domain is selected as a 2G/3G (second generation/third generation) termination module [314], in an event of the presence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR and an absence of the Type 1 tag
30 and the Type 2 tag. Further, in an implementation, the 5G termination module [310] is a short
message service function (SMSF) node, and the 4G termination module [312] is a serving -call session control function (SCSCF) node, and the 2G/3G termination module [314] is a visited mobile switching centre (VMSC) node. That is, if the available profile has the Type 1 tag, that is associated with “new radio (NR)”, then the message is forwarded to the 5G
18

termination module [310], and if the available profile has the Type 2 tag, that is associated with “eUTRAN”, then the message is forwarded to the 4G termination module [312].
[0082] Further, the transceiver unit [302] is configured to perform one of the following: (a)
5 forwarding the message to the 5G termination module [310] in an event the Type 1 tag is
available; (b) forwarding the message to the 4G termination module [312] in an event the Type 2 tag is available; and (c) forwarding the message to the 2G/3G termination module [314] in an event the user profile is available with the HLR but no tag is available. In an implementation, when the domain is identified as the 5G, the transceiver unit [302] of the IPSMGW [301] is
10 configured to send the Send Routing Info for a Short message (SM) request/ Answer (send
routing request (SRR) / send routing answer (SRA)) to a Home Subscriber Server (HSS). In response to this request, the address of the 5G termination module [310] may be received. Using that address, the transceiver unit [302] of the IPSMGW [301] is configured to terminate the message to the 5G termination module [310]. Further, when user domain is identified as
15 the 4G, the transceiver unit [302] of the IPSMGW [301] is configured to send the message to
an address of the 4G termination module [312] available in the user profile.
[0083] If the user profile is present in HSS, the HSS may return SCSCF address if the SCSCF address is present. Also, if the profile is not available, then it is possible that the user is
20 registered in the 2G/3G network, or the user is unregistered. If the SCSCF address is not
present, then the IPSMGW [301] queries the HLR over Mobile Application Part (MAP) protocol. Further, the HLR may return visited mobile switching centre (VMSC) identity (VMSC ID) that comprises the 2G/3G terminating module [314] information. In an implementation, to fetch the user profile, the IPSMGW [301] sends a user data request (UDR)
25 to the HSS. In an implementation, the username in the UDR is the user’s Mobile Station
International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN). That is, if the user device is on the 2G or the 3G, the HLR will return an identity of the 2G/3G termination module [314].
[0084] Further, in an implementation, if the HLR returns absent subscriber in response to this
30 query, then message may be stored in the storage unit [308] of the IPSMGW [301]. Further, in
this implementation, IPSMGW [301] may retry sending the message when an indication of a fresh registration of the user is received. That is, in this implementation, the storage unit [308] is configured to store the message, in an event of the absence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR. In an implementation, the storage unit [308] is configured to store
19

the message for retrying sending the message during an occurrence of a circumstance in an
event of the absence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR. The
circumstance here comprises a receival of an indication of the fresh registration of the another
user. Thus, in an implementation, the transceiver unit [302] is further configured to retry
5 sending the stored message in the storage unit [308] at the IPSMGW [301], in an event of a
fresh registration of the another user.
[0085] Referring to Figure 4, an exemplary method flow diagram [400] for selecting a domain
for terminating a message, in accordance with exemplary implementations of the present
10 disclosure is shown. In an implementation the method [400] is performed by the system [300].
Further, in an implementation, the system [300] may be present in a server device to implement the features of the present disclosure. Also, as shown in Figure 4, the method [400] starts at step [402].
15 [0086] At step 402, the method of the present disclosure comprises receiving the message, by
a transceiver unit [302] at an internet protocol short message gateway (IPSMGW) [301] from a first user device of a user, wherein the message is to be terminated at a second user device of another user.
20 [0087] At step 404, the method of the present disclosure comprises determining, by a
determination unit [304] at the IPSMGW [301], a presence of a user profile information of the another user in a home location register (HLR), a user access information of the another user, and a cell-identity information of the another user. Notably, the user access information and the cell-identity information is saved in a P-Access-Network-Information (PANI) header in a
25 storage unit [308]. In an implementation, the method comprises checking, by the determination
unit [304], user’s profile and P-Access-Network-Info (PANI) header saved during registration. The user’s access and the cell-ID (cell-identity) information is available with the P-Access-Network-Information (PANI) header which is saved in the storage unit [308] during registration. It should be construed by a person skilled in the art that when a user accesses
30 communication network, a User Equipment (UE) includes the P-Access-Network-Info (PANI)
header (P-ANI, for example: 3GPP-NR-FDD; utran-cell-id-3gpp=4058570000010000000b0) in each message sent during the registration procedure, that is, while registering with the network. The PANI header is a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-defined header
20

and indicates to the network over which access technology the UE is attached to an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), and also the location of the UE.
[0088] Further, at step 406, the method of the present disclosure comprises determining, by the
5 determination unit [304], one of: presence of a Type 1 tag and a presence of a Type 2 tag
associated with the user profile information, in an event the presence of the user profile information in the HLR is determined. In an implementation, the Type 1 tag is associated with a new radio technology, and the Type 2 tag is associated with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network technology.
10
[0089] Further, at step 408, the method of the present disclosure comprises selecting, by a selection unit [306], the domain for terminating the message based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information. Pertinently, the domain belongs to one of: a 5G (fifth generation) termination module [310], in an event the
15 Type 1 tag is available and a 4G (fourth generation) termination module [312], in an event the
Type 2 tag is available. Further, the domain is selected as a 2G/3G (second generation/third generation) termination module [314], in an event of the presence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR and an absence of the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag. Further, in an implementation, the 5G termination module [310] is a short message service
20 function (SMSF) node, and the 4G termination module [312] is a serving - call session control
function (SCSCF) node, and the 2G/3G termination module [314] is a visited mobile switching centre (VMSC) node. That is, if the available profile has the Type 1 tag that is associated with “new radio (NR)”, then the message is forwarded to the 5G termination module [310], and if the available profile has the Type 2 tag that is associated with “eUTRAN”, then the message is
25 forwarded to the 4G termination module [312].
[0090] Further, the transceiver unit [302] may perform one of the following: (a) forwarding
the message to the 5G termination module [310] in an event the Type 1 tag is available; (b)
forwarding the message to the 4G termination module [312] in an event the Type 2 tag is
30 available; and (c) forwarding the message to the 2G/3G termination module [314] in an event
the user profile is available with the HLR but no tag is available. In an implementation, when user domain i.e., the domain is identified as the 5G, the transceiver unit [302] of the IPSMGW [301] may send the Send Routing Info for a Short message (SM) request/ Answer (SRR/SRA) to a Home Subscriber Server (HSS). In response to this request, the address of the 5G
21

termination module [310] may be received. Using that address, the transceiver unit [302] of the IPSMGW [301] may terminate the message to the 5G termination module [310]. Further, when user domain is identified as the 4G, the transceiver unit [302] of the IPSMGW [301] may send the message to an address of the 4G termination module [312] available in the user profile. 5
[0091] If the user profile is present in HSS, the HSS may return SCSCF address if the SCSCF address is present. Also, if the profile is not available, then it is possible that the user is registered in the 2G/3G network, or the user is unregistered. If the SCSCF address is not present, then the IPSMGW [301] queries the HLR over Mobile Application Part (MAP)
10 protocol. Further, the HLR may return visited mobile switching centre (VMSC) identity
(VMSC ID) that comprises the 2G/3G terminating module [314] information. In an implementation, to fetch the user profile, the IPSMGW [301] sends a user data request (UDR) to the HSS. In an implementation, the username in the UDR is the user’s Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN). That is, if the user device is on the 2G
15 or the 3G network, the HLR will return an identity of the 2G/3G termination module [314].
[0092] Further, in an implementation, if the HLR returns absent subscriber in response to this query, then message may be stored in the storage unit [308] of the IPSMGW [301]. Further, in this implementation, IPSMGW [301] may retry sending the message when an indication of a fresh registration of the user is received. That is, in this implementation, the method comprises storing, by the storage unit [308], the message, in an event of the absence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR. In an implementation, the storage unit [308] is configured to store the message for retrying sending the message during an occurrence of a circumstance in an event of the absence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR. The circumstance here comprises a receival of an indication of the fresh registration of the another user. Thus, in an implementation, the transceiver unit [302] may further retry sending the stored message in the storage unit [308] at the IPSMGW [301], in an event of a fresh registration of the another user.
30 [0093] Referring to Figure 5, an exemplary scenario method flow diagram [500] for selecting
a domain for terminating a message, in accordance with exemplary implementations of the present disclosure is shown. In an implementation, the method [500] is performed by the system [300]. Further, in an implementation, the system [300] may be present in a server device to implement the features of the present disclosure. As shown, a message for sending routing
22

information (SRI message, that is a MAP message sent by the GMSC (Gateway Mobile
Switching Center) to the HLR (home location register) to request routing information in order
to route a call towards a mobile subscriber) for B-party is initiated (by A-party). Then, the
method comprises checking if a registration context of the B-party is present or not. If not, then
5 a user data request (UDR) request is initiated to check if the user context is present in a home
subscriber server (HSS). If the user context is not present in the HSS, then the message is delivered over a Mobile Application Part (MAP) protocol from the IPSMGW [301] to a VMSC gateway. However, if the user context, i.e., the registration context of the B-party is present in the HSS, then the method comprises checking if the user is registered with a NR cell ID (new
10 radio cell identity) in a P-Access-Network-Info header (PANI header). Further, if the user is
not registered with the NR cell ID, then the message is delivered over session initiation protocol (SIP) via a Serving - Call Session Control Function (SCSCF). Further, if the user is registered with the NR cell ID, then the method comprises initiating a Send-Routing-Info-for-SM-Request (SRR) to get a short message service function (SMSF) address from the HSS. Further,
15 the method comprises checking if the SMSF address is received in a send routing answer (SRA,
that is the response received for the SRI message). If the SMSF address is not received in the SRA, then the message is delivered over a session initiation protocol (SIP) via a SCSCF. However, if the SMSF address is received in the SRA, then the message is delivered over a diameter interface via the SMSF. Here, the diameter interface refers to the SGd interface that
20 is a part of the Diameter protocol and transfers SMS between MME (Mobility Management
Entity) and SMSC (Short Message Service Center), in a manner as generally known in the art. The SGd interface is the diameter-based interface, used for signalling between the MME and the SMSC to support short message services.
25 [0094] The present disclosure further discloses a non-transitory computer readable storage
medium storing instructions for domain selection for terminating messages, the instructions include executable code which, when executed by one or more units of a system, causes: a transceiver unit [302] of the IPSMGW [301] to receive the message, from a first user device of a user, to be terminated at a second user device of another user; a determination unit [304] of
30 the IPSMGW [301] to determine: a presence of a user profile information of the another user
in a home location register (HLR), a user access information of the another user, and a cell-identity information of the another user; the determination unit [304] of the IPSMGW [301] to determine one of: a Type 1 tag and a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information, in an event the presence of the user profile information in the HLR is determined; a selection
23

unit [306] of the IPSMGW [301] to select the domain for terminating the message, based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information.
5 [0095] The present disclosure further discloses a user equipment (UE) for domain selection for
terminating a message. The user equipment comprises a system, the system comprising an internet protocol short message gateway (IPSMGW) [301]. The IPSM gateway [301] further comprises a transceiver unit [302]. The transceiver unit [302] is configured to receive the message, from a first user device of a user, to be terminated at a second user device of another
10 user. Further, the IPSMGW [301] further comprises a determination unit [304] connected to at
least the transceiver unit [302]. The determination unit [304] is configured to determine: a presence of a user profile information of the another user in a home location register (HLR), a user access information of the another user, and a cell-identity information of the another user. Further, the determination unit [304] is configured to determine one of: a Type 1 tag and a
15 Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information, in an event of the presence of the user
profile information in the HLR is determined. Further, the IPSMGW [301] further comprises a selection unit [306] connected to at least the determination unit [304]. The selection unit [306] is configured to select the domain for terminating the message, based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information.
20
[0096] As is evident from the above, the present disclosure provides a technically advanced solution for domain selection for terminating messages. The present solution provides a seamless SMS service for any access type of user in the network, irrespective of the network they are connected to. Further, the present solution provides a system and a method for domain
25 selection for terminating messages, which consumes less time to search for the correct access
type to deliver the messages. Further, the present solution reduces the consumption of resources in the process of domain selection for terminating messages. Further, at least the retry feature, as disclosed above in the description of the present solution, facilitates reducing the number of message delivery failures due to time-outs.
30
[0097] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the disclosed implementations, it will be appreciated that many implementations can be made and that many changes can be made to the implementations without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. These and other changes in the implementations of the present disclosure will be apparent to
24

those skilled in the art, whereby it is to be understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented is illustrative and non-limiting.

We Claim:
1. A method for selecting a domain for terminating a message, the method comprising:
- receiving the message, by a transceiver unit [302] at an internet protocol
5 short message gateway (IPSMGW) [301] from a first user device of a
user, wherein the message is to be terminated at a second user device of an another user;
- determining, by a determination unit [304] at the IPSMGW [301], a
presence of a user profile information of the another user in a home
10 location register (HLR), a user access information of the another user,
and a cell-identity information of the another user;
- determining, by the determination unit [304], one of: presence of a Type
1 tag and a presence of a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile
information, in an event the presence of the user profile information in
15 the HLR is determined; and
- selecting, by a selection unit [306], the domain for terminating the
message based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and the Type 2
tag associated with the user profile information.
20
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the user access information, and the cell-
identity information, is saved in a P-Access-Network-Information (PANI) header in a
storage unit [308].
25 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Type 1 tag is associated with a new
radio technology and the Type 2 tag is associated with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network technology.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selected domain is one of:
30 a 5G (fifth generation) termination module [310], in an event the Type 1 tag is available
and a 4G (fourth generation) termination module [312], in an event the Type 2 tag is available.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the domain is selected as a 2G/3G (second generation/third generation) termination module [314], in an event of the presence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR and an absence of the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising, storing, by a storage unit [308] at the IPSMGW [301], the message, in an event of an absence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR.
10 7. The method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising, retrying sending the message
stored in the storage unit [308] at the IPSMGW [301], in an event of a fresh registration of the another user.
8. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the 5G termination module [310] is a short
15 message service function (SMSF) node, and the 4G termination module [312] is a
serving - call session control function (SCSCF) node.
9. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the 2G/3G termination module [314] is a
visited mobile switching centre (VMSC) node.
20
10. A system for selecting a domain for terminating a message, the system comprising an
internet protocol short message gateway (IPSMGW) [301], the IPSMGW [301] further
comprising:
- a transceiver unit [302] configured to:
25 o receive the message, from a first user device of a user, to be terminated at a
second user device of an another user; and
- a determination unit [304] connected to at least the transceiver unit [302], the
determination unit [304] configured to:
o determine: a presence of a user profile information of the another user in a
30 home location register (HLR), a user access information of the another user,
and a cell-identity information of the another user, o determine one of: a Type 1 tag and a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information, in an event the presence of the user profile information in the HLR is determined; and
27

- a selection unit [306] connected to at least the determination unit [304], the
selection unit [306] configured to select the domain for terminating the message,
based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag associated with
5 the user profile information.
11. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the IPSMGW [301] further comprises a
storage unit [308], the storage unit [308] configured to store in a P-Access-Network-
Information (PANI) header comprising the user access information, and the cell-
10 identity information.
12. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the Type 1 tag is associated a new radio
technology and the Type 2 tag is associated with an evolved universal terrestrial radio
access network technology.
15
13. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the selected domain is one of: a 5G (fifth generation) termination module [310], in an event the Type 1 tag is available and a 4G (fourth generation) termination module [312], in an event the Type 2 tag is available.
20
14. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the domain is selected as a 2G/3G (second
generation/third generation) termination module [314], in an event of the presence of
the user profile information of the another user in the HLR and an absence of the Type
1 tag and the Type 2 tag.
25 15. The system as claimed in claim 10, further comprising a storage unit [308] at the
IPSMGW [301], the storage unit [308] configured to store the message, in an event of an absence of the user profile information of the another user in the HLR.
16. The system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the transceiver unit [302] is further
configured to retry sending the stored message in the storage unit [308] at the IPSMGW
30 [102], in an event of a fresh registration of the another user.
17. The system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the 5G termination module [310] is a short
message service function (SMSF) node, and the 4G termination module [312] is a
serving - call session control function (SCSCF) node.
28

18. The system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the 2G/3G termination module [314] is a visited mobile switching centre (VMSC) node.
19. A user equipment (UE) for selecting a domain for terminating a message, the UE
comprising a system, the system comprising an internet protocol short message gateway (IPSMGW) [301], the IPSMGW [301] further comprising:
- a transceiver unit [302] configured to:
o receive the message, from a first user device of a user, to be terminated at a
10 second user device of an another user; and
- a determination unit [304] connected to at least the transceiver unit [302], the
determination unit [304] configured to:
o determine: a presence of a user profile information of the another user in a
home location register (HLR), a user access information of the another user,
and a cell-identity information of the another user,
o determine one of: a Type 1 tag and a Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information, in an event of the presence of the user profile information in the HLR is determined; and
- a selection unit [306] connected to at least the determination unit [304], the
selection unit [306] configured to select the domain for terminating the message,
based on the presence of one of: the Type 1 tag and the Type 2 tag associated with the user profile information.