FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 OF 1970) & THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
“SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPI-BASED MESSAGE ROUTING IN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS”
We, Jio Platforms Limited, an Indian National, of Office - 101, Saffron, Nr. Centre Point, Panchwati 5 Rasta, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad - 380006, Gujarat, India.
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SUPI-BASED MESSAGE ROUTING IN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
5
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communication system. In particular, the present disclosure relates to message routing in telecommunication. More particularly, the present disclosure provides a system and method for Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI)-based message routing in telecommunication networks. 10
BACKGROUND
[0002] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information
pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that
15 may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated
that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.
[0003] Wireless communication technology has rapidly evolved over the past few decades,
20 with each generation bringing significant improvements and advancements. The first generation
of wireless communication technology was based on analog technology and offered only voice
services. However, with the advent of the second-generation (2G) technology, digital
communication and data services became possible, and text messaging was introduced. 3G
technology marked the introduction of high-speed internet access, mobile video calling, and
25 location-based services. The fourth-generation (4G) technology revolutionized wireless
communication with faster data speeds, better network coverage, and improved security.
Currently, the fifth-generation (5G) technology is being deployed, promising even faster data
speeds, low latency, and the ability to connect multiple devices simultaneously. With each
generation, wireless communication technology has become more advanced, sophisticated, and
30 capable of delivering more services to its users.

[0004] Traditional systems rely heavily on the availability and stability of centralized databases
to maintain session-binding information. As defined herein, session binding information is
defined as information assigned to a temporary database at login time which remains in effect
for the duration of that session and cannot change. This creates a significant vulnerability; any
5 database downtime, whether due to maintenance, failure, or network issues, can disrupt the
service. In cases where session information is cached locally, the integrity and availability of this cache become critical. Cache loss or corruption can lead to an inability to forward communication requests correctly, leading to service degradation or outages. The architecture that depends on a single or centralized database or caching system is prone to becoming a single
10 point of failure. Any malfunction in these systems can affect a wide range of services and users.
Existing technologies may not have efficient failover mechanisms in place to handle the loss of connectivity with the database or cache. This can lead to an inability to route receiver (Rx) messages or respond to management service operations, affecting the quality of service and network resilience. The current state of the art does not adequately address the continuity of
15 service during network or server-level problems. This can result in service outages that impact
end-user experience and may have economic implications for service providers. Recovering from database or cache failures often requires complex and time-consuming processes that can extend the duration of service outages and impact the network's ability to meet service level agreements (SLAs).
20
[0005] Therefore, there is a need in the art for an improved method and system for routing communication requests that can operate independently of database or cache availability, thereby enhancing the resilience and reliability of telecommunications networks.
25 OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment disclosed herein satisfies are listed herein below.
30 [0007] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for SUPI-based
message routing in telecommunication networks.
3

[0008] It is another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for SUPI-
based message routing in telecommunication networks that ensures reliable routing of received
(Rx) messages and responses even when the database or cache is unavailable or fails, by
leveraging SUPI-based routing information, thereby reducing the risk of message loss and
5 ensuring continuity in network operations.
[0009] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for
SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks that minimizes service outages
caused by database or cache layer issues within the Binding Support Function (BSF), thereby
10 maintaining the integrity and availability of network services, which is critical for the seamless
operation of 5G networks.
[0010] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for
SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks that utilizes SUPI-based routing
15 to accurately route messages to the correct Policy Control Function (PCF) unit based on
predefined configurations, even in the absence of binding data, which enhances the efficiency of message routing and ensures proper delivery, thereby improving the overall performance of the network.
20 [0011] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for
SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks that enables automatic or manual configuration of SUPI-based routing information to adapt to various network conditions and requirements, providing flexibility and scalability to network operators, which allows for dynamic adjustments to routing configurations as network conditions change.
25
[0012] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks that provides a robust mechanism for authentication and discovery processes within the 5G Core network, ensuring efficient and seamless communication between network functions, which is crucial for maintaining network
30 security and performance, as well as supporting advanced features such as network slicing and
Quality of Service (QoS) management.
4

[0013] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for
SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks that facilitates the implementation
of a fallback mechanism that allows the BSF to continue functioning effectively even in the
face of network or server-level problems, thereby ensuring uninterrupted service to users, which
5 is essential for maintaining user satisfaction and trust in the network.
[0014] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for
SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks that enhances the overall
resilience and reliability of the 5G Core network by providing a solution that addresses potential
10 vulnerabilities in the BSF's dependency on databases and caches for routing information,
thereby contributing to the stability and robustness of the network infrastructure.
[0015] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system and method for
SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks that supports the seamless
15 integration of new network functions and services by providing a flexible and adaptable routing
mechanism, which is vital for the evolution and expansion of 5G networks to accommodate emerging technologies and use cases.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
20
[0016] This section is provided to introduce certain aspects of the present disclosure in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the key features or the scope of the claimed subject matter.
25 [0017] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communication systems.
In particular, the present disclosure relates to message routing in telecommunication. More particularly, the present disclosure provides a system and method for SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks.
30 [0018] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a method for routing communication
is disclosed. The method includes receiving, at a binding support function (BSF) unit, a service request from a call session control function (CSCF) unit for transmission to one of a plurality
5

of policy control function (PCF) units, wherein the service request comprises of a subscription
permanent identifier (SUPI). Next, the method includes accessing, by the BSF unit, a database
storing SUPI details of routing connection between a session management function (SMF) unit
and the plurality of PCF units. Next, the method includes comparing, by the BSF unit, the SUPI
5 with the SUPI details in the database. Next, the method includes selecting, by the BSF unit, a
target PCF unit based on the comparison. Thereafter, the method includes routing, by the BSF unit, the service request towards the selected target PCF unit.
[0019] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the SUPI details of routing connection
10 between the SMF unit and the PCF unit further comprises of a SUPI range, an individual SUPI,
and a SUPI modulo range.
[0020] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the method includes receiving, at the BSF unit, an authentication request from the CSCF unit, wherein the authentication request
15 comprises of the SUPI; transmitting, by the BSF unit, a query to the database for identifying
the one of the plurality of PCF units; detecting, by the BSF unit, a database failure; checking, by the BSF unit, a local configuration for identifying the one of the plurality of PCF units associated with the SUPI; transmitting, by the BSF unit, the authentication request to the PCF unit; receiving, by the BSF unit, an authentication response from the PCF unit; transmitting, by
20 the BSF unit, the authentication response to the CSCF unit.
[0021] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the method includes receiving, at the
BSF unit, a discovery request from a network exposure function (NEF) unit; transmitting, by
the BSF unit, a query to the database for identifying one of the plurality of policy control
25 function (PCF) units; detecting, by the BSF unit, a database failure; checking, by the BSF unit,
a local configuration for identifying the one of the plurality of PCF units associated with the subscription permanent identifier; and transmitting, by the BSF unit, a binding response to the NEF unit.
30 [0022] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the database failure is detected, by the
BSF unit, in at least one of an event of a response from the database is timeout, an unreachable database, and an unreachable cache.
6

[0023] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, receiving, at the BSF unit, a communication regarding failure of the database to perform manual routing of the service request towards the selected target PCF unit. 5
[0024] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a system for routing communication in a communication network is disclosed. The system comprising: a receiving unit configured to receive a service request from a call session control function (CSCF) unit for transmission to one of a plurality of policy control function (PCF) units, wherein the service
10 request comprises of a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI); an accessing unit configured
to access a database storing SUPI details of routing connection between a session management function (SMF) unit and the plurality of PCF units; a comparing unit configured to compare the SUPI with the SUPI details in the database; a selecting unit configured to select a target PCF unit based on the comparison; and a routing unit configured to route the service request towards
15 the selected target PCF unit.
[0025] According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) for routing communication in a communication network is disclosed. The UE comprising a processor configured to: initiate a service request comprising a subscription permanent
20 identifier (SUPI); transmit the SUPI to a call session control function (CSCF) unit for
transmission to one of a plurality of policy control function (PCF) units; store SUPI details in a database to access SUPI details of routing connection between a session management function (SMF) unit and the plurality of PCF units; compare the accessed SUPI details with the SUPI details in the database; select a target PCF unit based on the comparison; and route the service
25 request towards the selected target PCF unit.
[0026] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method implemented by user
equipment (UE) for routing communication in a communication network is disclosed. The
method includes initiating a service request comprising a subscription permanent identifier
30 (SUPI); transmitting the SUPI to a call session control function (CSCF) unit for transmission
to one of a plurality of policy control function (PCF) units; storing the SUPI details in a database to access SUPI details of routing connection between a session management function (SMF)
7

unit and the plurality of PCF units; comparing the accessed SUPI details with the SUPI details in the database; selecting a target PCF unit based on the comparison; and routing the service request towards the selected target PCF unit.
5 [0027] According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-
readable storage medium storing instruction for routing communication in a communication network is disclosed. The storage medium comprising executable code which, when executed by one or more units of a system, causes: a receiving unit to receive a service request from a call session control function (CSCF) unit for transmission to one of a plurality of policy control
10 function (PCF) units, wherein the service request comprises of a subscription permanent
identifier (SUPI); an accessing unit to access a database storing SUPI details of routing connection between a session management function (SMF) unit and the plurality of PCF units; a comparing unit to compare the SUPI with the SUPI details in the database ; a selecting unit to select a target PCF unit based on the comparison; and a routing unit to route the service
15 request towards the selected target PCF unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this
20 disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which
like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components
in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly
illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the
components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each
25 component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings
includes disclosure of electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a 5G communication system for SUPI-
30 based message routing in telecommunication networks, in accordance with exemplary
embodiments of the present disclosure.
8

[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram indicating the system for routing received (Rx) session from BSF to PCF, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
5 [0031] FIGs. 3a and 3b illustrate an exemplary flow diagram indicating the process for the
routing received (Rx) session from BSF to PCF, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary method flow diagram indicating the process for the
10 routing received (Rx) session from BSF to PCF, in accordance with exemplary embodiments
of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary method flow diagram indicating the process
implemented by a UE for SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks, in
15 accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0034] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of UE for SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. 20
[0035] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computing device upon which the features of the present disclosure may be implemented in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure.
25 [0036] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of
the disclosure.
DESCRIPTION
30 [0037] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are
set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced
9

without these specific details. Several features described hereafter may each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. 5
[0038] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to
limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description
of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description
for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may
10 be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and
scope of the disclosure as set forth.
[0039] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough
understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in
15 the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example,
circuits, systems, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail.
[0040] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process which is
20 depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block
diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations may be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. 25
[0041] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an
example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed
herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as
“exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or
30 advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary
structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the
10

detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word—without precluding any additional or other elements.
5 [0042] As used herein, a “processing unit” or “processor” or “operating processor” includes
one or more processors, wherein processor refers to any logic circuitry for processing instructions. A processor may be a general-purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application
10 Specific Integrated Circuits, Field Programmable Gate Array circuits, any other type of
integrated circuits, etc. The processor may perform signal coding data processing, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the working of the system according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the processor or processing unit is a hardware processor.
15
[0043] As used herein, “a user equipment”, “a user device”, “a smart-user-device”, “a smart-device”, “an electronic device”, “a mobile device”, “a handheld device”, “a wireless communication device”, “a mobile communication device”, “a communication device” may be any electrical, electronic and/or computing device or equipment, capable of implementing the
20 features of the present disclosure. The user equipment/device may include, but is not limited to,
a mobile phone, smart phone, laptop, a general-purpose computer, desktop, personal digital assistant, tablet computer, wearable device or any other computing device which is capable of implementing the features of the present disclosure. Also, the user device may contain at least one input means configured to receive an input from at least one of a transceiver unit, a
25 processing unit, a storage unit, a detection unit and any other such unit(s) which are required to
implement the features of the present disclosure.
[0044] As used herein, “storage unit” or “memory unit” refers to a machine or computer-
readable medium including any mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a
30 computer or similar machine. For example, a computer-readable medium includes read-only
memory (“ROM”), random access memory (“RAM”), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices or other types of machine-accessible storage media. The
11

storage unit stores at least the data that may be required by one or more units of the system to perform their respective functions.
[0045] As portable electronic devices and wireless technologies continue to improve and grow
5 in popularity, the advancing wireless technologies for data transfer are also expected to evolve
and replace the older generations of technologies. In the field of wireless data communications,
the dynamic advancement of various generations of cellular technology are also seen. The
development, in this respect, has been incremental in the order of second generation (2G), third
generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), and now fifth generation (5G), and more such
10 generations are expected to continue in the forthcoming time.
[0046] Radio Access Technology (RAT) refers to the technology used by mobile devices/user equipment (UE) to connect to a cellular network. It refers to the specific protocol and standards that govern the way devices communicate with base stations, which are responsible for
15 providing the wireless connection. Further, each RAT has its own set of protocols and standards
for communication, which define the frequency bands, modulation techniques, and other parameters used for transmitting and receiving data. Examples of RATs include GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), LTE (Long-Term Evolution), and 5G. The
20 choice of RAT depends on a variety of factors, including the network infrastructure, the
available spectrum, and the mobile device's/device's capabilities. Mobile devices often support multiple RATs, allowing them to connect to different types of networks and provide optimal performance based on the available network resources. The invention herein relates to the situations when the user equipment (UE) operates in the fifth generation (5G) communication
25 system.
[0047] As used herein, the session-binding information refers to the data that establishes and
maintains the association between a user's Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) and the
respective Policy Control Function (PCF) within the 5G Core network. The session-binding
30 information, managed by the Binding Support Function (BSF), includes details such as SUPI
ranges, individual SUPIs, and SUPI modulo ranges, which are utilised to ensure the correct routing of service requests and authentication processes for maintaining seamless
12

communication and service continuity, especially during scenarios where the database or cache layer experiences failures or connectivity issues.
[0048] As used herein, the Rx refers an interface between the Policy Control Function (PCF)
5 or Application Function (AF) and the Binding Support Function (BSF). The Rx interface
facilitates the exchange of application-level session information and policy control requests, allowing the BSF to forward these requests to the appropriate PCF based on predefined policies and binding information.
10 [0049] As used herein, the Rx message refers to the communication transmitted over the Rx
interface for interaction between the Policy Control Function (PCF) or Application Function (AF) and the Binding Support Function (BSF). The Rx messages carry application-level session information and policy control requests, enabling the BSF to process and route these requests appropriately.
15
[0050] As used herein, the Nbsf_Management_Discovery refers to the service operation that enables the discovery of Policy Control Function (PCF) instances within a 5G Core network. This operation allows network functions, such as the Policy Control Function (PCF) and Session Management Function (SMF), to locate the appropriate BSF instance to manage session
20 binding information.
[0051] As used herein, modulo refers to the mathematical operation that is employed to achieve
uniform distribution and efficient allocation of resources across various network entities. By
utilizing modulo operations, network functions can systematically assign tasks, balance loads,
25 and manage resources, ensuring that no single entity is overburdened.
[0052] As used herein, the SM Policy Create request refers to the process initiated by the
Session Management Function (SMF) to establish policy control for a specific session in a 5G
network. The SM Policy Create request is sent to the Policy Control Function (PCF) and
30 includes relevant session information, such as the Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI),
Data Network Name (DNN), and network slice details.
13

[0053] As used herein, SUPI range refers to a defined set of Subscription Permanent Identifiers
(SUPIs) that are used to uniquely identify subscribers within a mobile network. The SUPI range
encompasses a contiguous sequence of SUPIs allocated to a network function or entity, such as
the Policy Control Function (PCF). This range is utilized to facilitate efficient routing, policy
5 enforcement, and resource management by enabling the network to group and handle
subscribers based on their SUPI values.
[0054] As used herein, individual SUPI-based refers to the method of routing and managing
network resources based on the unique Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) of a user. It
10 involves using the specific SUPI to direct service requests, authenticate users, and control
policy functions within the network. By focusing on individual SUPIs, network functions can ensure precise and accurate handling of user-specific data and sessions.
[0055] As used herein, SUPI modulo range-based refers to a method of determining routing or
15 resource allocation based on the remainder of the Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI)
when divided by a specified value. It involves applying a modulo operation to the SUPI to
obtain a value within a defined range, which is then used to select the appropriate network
function or resource. The SUPI modulo range-based method is employed in scenarios where it
is essential to evenly distribute network load and ensure efficient utilization of resources. By
20 using this technique, the network can achieve a balanced and predictable distribution of tasks,
enhancing overall performance and reliability.
[0056] As used herein, the modulo approach refers to a method used for distributing tasks or data evenly across multiple network entities by employing the modulo operation. This approach
25 involves computing the remainder of dividing a given identifier, such as a Subscription
Permanent Identifier (SUPI), by a specified number of entities to determine the appropriate target for a specific operation. The modulo approach is utilized in scenarios such as load balancing, resource allocation, and routing decisions, such that the tasks are distributed in a balanced and predictable manner. By implementing the modulo approach, networks can
30 enhance efficiency, optimize performance, and maintain service continuity even in the presence
of failures or high traffic conditions.
14

[0057] As used herein, Nbsf interface refers to the standardized reference point for
communication between the Binding Support Function (BSF) and other network functions,
such as the Policy Control Function (PCF). The Nbsf interface is responsible for managing and
retrieving session binding information, such that the session requests are routed to an
5 appropriate PCF based on the Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI).
[0058] As used herein, local configuration refers to the set of settings, parameters, and rules that are stored directly within a network function's internal storage or memory, rather than in an external database. The local configuration includes information necessary for the operation
10 of the network function, such as routing rules, Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) ranges,
and mappings to Policy Control Functions (PCFs). Local configuration allows the network function, such as the Binding Support Function (BSF), to operate independently and continue processing and routing requests even when external data sources are unavailable or experiencing issues. By maintaining the information locally, the network function can ensure
15 resilience, maintain service continuity, and optimize performance under various conditions.
[0059] To overcome the above-mentioned and other existing problems in this field of technology, the present disclosure provides a method and system for routing communication in a communication network. The system includes a binding support function (BSF) that further
20 includes various components and units to implement the features of the present disclosure. The
BSF first receive a service request from a call session control function (CSCF) unit. Next, the BSF transmits the service request to one of a plurality of policy control function (PCF) units. The service request received at the BSF comprises of a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI). Next, the BSF access a database where SUPI details of routing connection between a
25 session management function (SMF) unit and the plurality of PCF units are stored. Next, the
BSF compares the SUPI with the SUPI details stored in the database. Next, the BSF selects a target PCF unit based on the comparison of the SUPI with the SUPI details stored in the database. Thereafter, based on the comparison, the BSF routes the service request towards the selected target PCF unit.
30
[0060] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
15

[0061] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary block diagram of a 5G communication system [100] for
SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks, in accordance with exemplary
embodiments of the present disclosure. The 5G communication system [100] is provided for
5 enabling communication of at least one user equipment [102] with other one or more user
equipment(s) or accessing any service in the network. In the 5G communication system [100], there is also provided a plurality of network functions (NFs), for example an access and mobility management function (AMF) unit [104], session management function (SMF) unit [106] (alternatively referred to as SMF [106]), a plurality of policy control functions (PCFs) units
10 [108a-108z] (alternatively referred to as plurality of PCF(s) [108a-108z]), binding support
function (BSF) unit [110] (alternatively referred to as BSF [110]). The BSF Unit [110] comprises one or more receiving unit [110a], accessing unit [110b], comparing unit [110c], selecting unit [110d], routing unit [110e], database [110f], cache [110g] or cache memory, transmitting unit [110h], detecting unit [110i] and checking unit [110j], application function
15 (AF) [114], diameter routing agent (DRA) [116], and the like, for enabling one or more
functionalities of the 5G communication system [100], wherein all the components are assumed to be connected with each other in a manner as obvious to a person skilled in the art to implement features of the present disclosure. Notably, the UE [102] is in communication with the AMF [104] via the gNB, while the AMF [104] is further in communication with the other
20 NFs. The communication between the gNB and the AMF [104] is generally through next
generation application protocol (NGAP). While the communication between the AMF [104] and other NFs or between NFs is through hypertext transfer protocol 2 (HTTP2).
[0062] In an embodiment, the BSF unit [110] includes the receiving unit [110a]. The receiving
25 unit [110a] is configured to receive service requests from a call session control function (CSCF)
[118] (also referred to as CSCF unit [118] herein). As used herein, call session control function
(CSCF) is a central component of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), managing all signalling
from the end user to the network server. CSCF controls both fixed and mobile IMS, containing
functional modules to manage signalling from end user, allocating application servers,
30 establishing emergency connections, and controlling communication with other networks. The
received service request facilitates in establishing and maintaining communication sessions between CSCF and the receiving unit [110a]. The received service request includes
16

aSubscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) information. As used herein, the SUPI is a unique identifier that is assigned to each user's subscription within the network to distinguish between different users and manage services accordingly.
5 [0063] The BSF unit [110] includes the accessing unit [110b]. The accessing unit [110b] is
connected with the receiving unit [110a]. Once the service request is received, the accessing
unit [110b] accesses the database [110f] that stores SUPI details associated with the routing
connections between the SMF unit [106] and the plurality of the PCF units [108a-108z]. The
database [110f] of the BSF unit [110] contains the SUPI details that are used to determine the
10 correct routing path for each service request. The SUPI details include, but not limited only to
a SUPI Range, an individual SUPI, and a SUPI Modulo range.
[0064] The BSF unit [110] includes the comparing unit [110c]. The comparing unit [110c] is
connected with accessing unit [110b]. The comparing unit [110c] takes the SUPI from the
15 service request and compares it with the SUPI details stored in the database [110f]. The
comparison facilitates in identifying a target PCF unit to handle the service request.
[0065] The BSF unit [110] includes the selecting unit [110d]. The selecting unit [110d] is
connected with comparing unit [110c]. Based on the comparison, the selecting unit [110d]
20 selects the target PCF unit [108] that is suitable to process the service request.
[0066] The BSF unit [110] includes the routing unit [110e]. The routing unit [110e] is
connected with the selecting unit [110d]. The selecting unit [110d] is connected with the routing
unit [110e]. The routing unit [110e] is configured to route the service request towards the
25 selected target PCF unit [108].
[0067] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving unit [110a] is configured
to receive authentication requests from the CSCF unit for verifying the identity of users
accessing the network. Each authentication request contains a SUPI, which is a unique identifier
30 for the user's subscription. Once an authentication request is received, the transmitting unit
[110h] sends a query to a database [110f]. The database [110f] contains information about the connections between different network functions. The query aims to identify which PCF unit
17

[108a-108z] is associated with the SUPI, ensuring that the authentication request is routed to the correct PCF for processing.
[0068] The BSF unit [110] includes a detecting unit [110i], configured to monitor the database
5 [110f] for any failures. If the database [110f] becomes unreachable or experiences any issues,
the detecting unit [110i] identifies reasons associated with failure. This detection facilitates in maintaining the integrity of the network and ensuring that authentication requests may still be processed even in the event of a database failure.
10 [0069] In the event of the database failure, the BSF unit [110] includes a checking unit [110j].
The checking unit [110j] checks a local configuration to identify the appropriate PCF unit associated with the SUPI. The local configuration acts as a backup mechanism, ensuring that authentication requests can still be routed correctly even when the accessibility to the database [110f] is unavailable.
15
[0070] The BSF unit further includes the transmitting unit [110h], configured to transmit the authentication request to the identified PCF unit [108] for processing. Once the PCF unit processes the request, it sends an authentication response back to the BSF unit [110]. The receiving unit [110a] of the BSF unit [110] then receives the authentication response.
20 Thereafter, the transmitting unit [110h] forwards the authentication response to the CSCF unit.
[0071] In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the receiving unit [110a] of the BSF unit is configured to receive a discovery request from a NEF unit. The discovery requests are used to identify available resources or services within the network.
25
[0072] Once the discovery request is received, the transmitting unit [110h] is configured to send a query to the database [110f]. The database [110f] contains information about the connections between different network functions, including the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z]. The query aims to identify a corresponding PCF unit [108] associated with the SUPI
30 included in the discovery request.
18

[0073] The BSF unit [110] include the detecting unit [110i], configured to monitors the
database for any failures. If the database [110f] becomes unreachable or experiences issues, the
detecting unit [110i] identifies this failure. The detecting unit [110i] is capable of detecting
database failures in scenarios such as a timeout, an unreachable database [110f], or an
5 unreachable cache [110g] thereby ensuring that the system may quickly identify and respond
to database issues.
[0074] In the event of the database failure, the checking unit [110j] of the BSF unit [110] checks
a local configuration to identify the appropriate PCF unit associated with the SUPI. The local
10 configuration acts as a backup mechanism, ensuring that discovery requests can still be routed
correctly even when the primary database is unavailable.
[0075] After identifying the appropriate PCF unit, the transmitting unit [110h] is configured to
transmit a binding response to the NEF unit [210]. The binding response contains information
15 about the identified PCF unit, enabling the NEF unit to proceed with the discovery process.
[0076] Referring to FIG. 2, an exemplary block diagram of the system [200] for the modulo for routing received (Rx) message from BSF to PCF, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The system [200] includes a network repository function
20 (NRF) [202], BSF [110], policy control function/application function (PCF/AF) [206], PCF
[108], network exposure function (NEF) [210] (also referred to as NEF unit [210] herein), AF [114] and network data analytics function (NWDAF) [214]. The plurality of network functions (NFs), for example, the AMF unit [104], SMF unit [106], and a plurality of PCF units [108a-108z], and others may be the same or similar to the components as described with respect to
25 Figure. 1.
[0077] As per the present disclosure, the selection of the target PCF [108] from the plurality of
PCFs [108a-108z] is performed based on the SUPI range or specific SUPI values as received
during registration. This is to ensure that the SM Policy Create request from the SMF [106]
30 towards the PCF [108] for a specific SUPI, data network name (DNN), and slice would be
received at a specific PCF or corresponding PCFs. For example, if a user's SUPI falls within a predefined range, such as SUPIs starting from "001" to "100", the system will route the service
19

request to a designated PCF, say PCF [108a]. Similarly, if a specific SUPI value, such as "050",
is received, the system will route the request to the corresponding PCF configured for that SUPI,
which might be PCF [108b]. As defined herein, SM Policy Create request is a request by which
session management function (SMF) sends a create request to the policy control function (PCF).
5 The PCF sends a Load Session request to the clustered delay line (CDL). The CDL sends a
Session Record request to the PCF. If the charging information is configured in the service,
then PCF populates the PCF session with primary and secondary charging Function (CHF)
address. It would be evident to the person skilled in the art that the feature relies on the same
assumption that SUPI-based routing is enabled in the network between SMFs [106] and the
10 plurality of PCFs [108a-108z]. Further, it is assumed that in most cases, SUPI will be present
in the received (Rx) message or Nbsf_Management_Discovery message. As used herein, Nbsf_Management_Discovery message is used by network exposure function (NEF) or application function (AF) to discover a selected policy control function (PCF).
15 [0078] In the event of a network failure, the proposed solution helps in routing the received
(Rx) messages towards the correct PCF or the PCF NF Set. For this purpose, the SUPI range or individual SUPI-based or SUPI modulo range-based routing logic used between SMF [106] to PCF [108] must be known. This may be known automatically by using custom APIs for configuration at the SMF [106] or service communication proxy (SCP) [SCP] level. Similarly,
20 the same information can also be communicated over various medium (such as email) for
manual configuration at BSF [110]. The BSF [110] makes use of this configuration and compares the SUPI with the corresponding configuration in place for the SUPI range or individual SUPI or modulo of SUPI values and corresponding PCF [108] or PCF NF Set to select the PCF [108] to which the message needs to be routed or need to be responded to in the
25 discovery response from previously discovered/stored PCF information.
[0079] In an implementation of the present disclosure, during the time when the supplementary
downlink (SDL) is disabled either manually or automatically, the BSF [110] may enable the
modulo approach. The prerequisite for using the modulo approach is that traffic between SMF
30 [106] and PCF [108] is being routed through the service communication proxy (SCP) using the
modulo approach. Due to this prerequisite, the BSF's [110] use of the modulo approach may be runtime configurable. The runtime user-configurable flag “EnableModulo” is needed to enable
20

or disable the modulo approach in BSF [110]. If enabled, the BSF [110] should apply the
modulo on the received (Rx) interface for the initial authorization authentication request (AAR)
(It is assumed that subsequent received (Rx) interface messages will use the cache [110g] for
routing towards PCF [108] or DRA [116] as applicable) and the Nbsf interface for discovery
5 messages. In another preferred aspect of the present disclosure, the BSF [110] should have a
runtime user-configurable table for mapping the modulo value, PCF instance ID, primary IP, and secondary IP.
[0080] In another preferred aspect of the present disclosure, the BSF unit [110] may use the
10 SUPI/ International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) provided in the discovery (in query
parameters) or AAR message (Subscription-ID with Subscription-Id-Type set to IMSI) for
modulo calculations. The last n digits of the SUPI/IMSI, where “n” value is runtime
configurable, need to be used for the numerator value of modulo calculations. The default value
of “n” may be set to 5, but not limited to only, as per case. The denominator value should be
15 taken as the number of PCF instance IDs [108a-108z]. Modulo values will range from “0” to
“x-1” where “x” is the number of PCF instance IDs. If the user updates the modulo and PCF instance ID, IPs mapping table, the BSF unit [110] automatically update the modulo calculations using the new number of PCF instance IDs.
20 [0081] Referring to FIG. 3a, an exemplary flow diagram [300] indicating the process for the
routing received (Rx) session from BSF to PCF is shown.
[0082] At step S1, a Call Session Control Function (CSCF) [118] sends an authorization
authentication request (AAR request) with SUPI information to a BSF [110]. This step initiates
25 the process for establishing a user's session in the 5G communication system [100].
[0083] At step S2, upon receiving the AAR request, the BSF [110] forwards a query to the
Database (DB) [110f] in order to identify the associated PCF unit [108] from the plurality of
PCF units [108a-108z]. This action is taken to find the correct PCF unit to handle the
30 authorization and authentication based on the SUPI.
[0084] At step S3, in case of a DB failure due to one of the following reasons:
21

• a timeout from the DB [110f], or
• the DB [110f] or cache [110g] is unreachable or
• any other failure occurs,
the process moves to the next step. 5
[0085] At step S4, the BSF [110] detects the DB failure and checks a local configuration for identifying the PCF unit [108] associated with the SUPI. This is a contingency step that ensures the routing process can continue despite issues with the DB [110f].
10 [0086] At step S5, the BSF [110] sends the AAR request to the identified PCF unit [108]. This
step is taken after the BSF [110] has either successfully received the necessary information from the DB [110f] or has resorted to using the local configuration due to DB failure.
[0087] At step S6, the PCF unit [108] processes the AAR request and sends an AAA
15 (authentication, authorization, and accounting) response back to the BSF [110]. This response
is essential for the continuation of the user's session establishment.
[0088] At step S7, the BSF [110] receives the AAA response from the PCF unit [108] and, in
turn, sends the AAA response to the CSCF [118]. This completes the communication loop,
20 where the CSCF [118] now has the information needed to proceed with the user's session in the
network.
[0089] Thereafter, the CSCF [118] concludes the process by either allowing the session to be
established based on the successful AAA response or rejecting the session if the authentication
25 and authorization process fails.
[0090] Referring to FIG. 3b, another exemplary flow diagram [350] indicating the process for the routing received (Rx) session from BSF to PCF, is shown.
30 [0091] At step S1, the NEF [210] sends a Nbsf_Management_Discovery request to the BSF
[110] to discover the binding between the SUPI and the PCF [108]. As used herein,
22

Nbsf_Management_Discovery message is used by network exposure function (NEF) or application function (AF) to discover a selected policy control function (PCF).
[0092] At step S2, upon receiving the discovery request, the BSF [110] sends a query to the
5 Database (DB) [110f] to identify the associated PCF [108] from the plurality of PCFs [108a-
108z] that can manage the policy for the given SUPI.
[0093] At step S3, in case of a DB failure due to one of the following reasons:
• a timeout from the DB [110f], or
10 • the DB [110f] or cache [110g] is unreachable or
• any other failure occurs,
the process moves to the next step.
[0094] At step S4, the BSF [110] detects the DB failure and checks the local configuration for
15 finding the PCF [108] associated with the SUPI. This step is critical for ensuring that service
continuity is maintained despite failures in the database connectivity or accessibility.
[0095] At step S5, once the associated PCF [108] is identified using the local configuration, the
BSF [110] sends an Ok (pcfBinding) response to the NEF [210], which contains the binding
20 information for the PCF [108] associated with the SUPI.
[0096] Referring to FIG. 4, an exemplary method flow diagram [400] indicating the process
for SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication networks, in accordance with exemplary
embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In an implementation the method [400] is
25 performed by the system [100], and [200]. As shown in FIG. 4, the method [400] starts at step
[402].
[0097] At step [404], the method [400] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises
receiving, at the binding support function (BSF) unit [110], a service request from a call session
30 control function (CSCF) unit [118] for transmission to one of the plurality of policy control
function (PCF) units [108a-108z], wherein the service request comprises of a subscription
23

permanent identifier (SUPI). The BSF unit [110] receives the service request having SUPI from
CSCF unit [118]. The received service request facilitates in establishing and maintaining
communication sessions. The received service request includes information associated with an
SUPI information. The SUPI is a unique identifier that is assigned to each user's subscription
5 within the network to distinguish between different users and manage services accordingly.
[0098] Next, at step [406], the method [400] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises
accessing, by the BSF unit [110], a database [110f] storing SUPI details of routing connection
between a session management function (SMF) unit [106] and the plurality of PCF units [108a-
10 108z]. Once the service request is received, the accessing unit [110b] accesses the database
[110f] that stores SUPI details about the routing connections between the SMF unit [106] and
the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z]. The database [110f] contains the SUPI details that is
used to determine the correct routing path for each service request. The SUPI details include,
but not limited to, a SUPI Range, an individual SUPI, and a SUPI Modulo range.
15
[0099] Next, at step [408], the method [400] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises comparing, by the BSF unit [110], the SUPI with the SUPI details stored in the database [110f]. The comparison is performed to select the PCF [108] from the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z] towards which the message needs to be routed or responded. 20
[0100] Next, at step [410], the method [400] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises selecting, by the BSF unit [110], a target PCF unit [108] based on the comparison. Based on the comparison and identification of the target PCF unit, the selecting unit [110d] selects the target PCF unit [108]. 25
[0101] Next, at step [412], the method [400] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises routing, by the BSF unit [110], the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108]. The BSF unit [110] routes the service request towards the correct or target PCF unit [108] based on comparison of the SUPI and the SUPI details stored in the database [110f]. 30
[0102] In an exemplary aspect, the BSF unit [110] due to network failure which results in database [110f] or cache [110g] to be unavailable, routes via the routing unit [110e] the received
24

(Rx) messages towards correct PCF unit. For this purpose, the SUPI range or individual SUPI
based or SUPI modulo range-based routing is used between the SMF [106] and PCF [108] by
automatically exposing custom APIs for configuration at SMF or SCP level or manual
configuration at BSF unit [110]. The BSF unit [110] makes use of this configuration and
5 compares the SUPI with the corresponding configuration in place for SUPI range or individual
SUPI or modulo of SUPI values and corresponding PCF or PCF NF Set to select the correct PCF towards which the message needs to be routed or need to be responded in discovery response from previously discovered/ stored PCF information.
10 [0103] Thereafter, the method [400] terminates at step [414].
[0104] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the receiving unit [110a] of BSF unit [110] receives an authentication request from the CSCF unit [118]. The authentication request or AAR request may include the SUPI. Next, the transmitting unit [110h] of the BSF unit [110]
15 transmits a query to the database [110f] for identifying one of the plurality of PCF units [108a-
108z]. Next, the detecting unit [110i] of the BSF unit [110] detects a database failure. The database failure may be, such as, but not limited to, at least one of an event of a response from the database [110f] is timeout, an unreachable database [110f], and an unreachable cache [110g]. Next, the checking unit [110j] of the BSF unit [110] checks a local configuration for
20 identifying the one of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z] associated with the SUPI. Next,
the transmitting unit [110h] of the BSF unit [110] transmits the authentication request or AAR request to the PCF unit [108]. Next, the receiving unit [110a] of the BSF unit [110] receives an authentication response from the PCF unit [108]. Thereafter, the transmitting unit [110h] of the BSF unit [110] transmits the authentication response to the CSCF unit [118].
25
[0105] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the receiving unit [110a] of the BSF unit [110] receives a discovery request from a network exposure function (NEF) unit [210]. Next, the transmitting unit [110h] of the BSF unit [110] transmits a query to the database [110f] for identifying one of the plurality of policy control function (PCF) units [108] from the set of
30 PCF units [108a-108z]. Next, the detecting unit [110i] of the BSF unit [110] detects a database
(DB) [110f] failure. The database failure may be, such as, but not limited to, at least one of an event of a response from the database [110f] is timeout, an unreachable database [110f], and an
25

unreachable cache [110g]. The checking unit [110j] of the BSF unit [110] checks a local configuration for identifying the one of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z] associated with the subscription permanent identifier (SUPI). Thereafter, the transmitting unit [110h] of the BSF unit [110] transmits a binding response to the NEF unit [210]. 5
[0106] In an exemplary aspect, based on receiving a communication regarding failure of the database [110f], the BSF unit [110] may perform manual routing of the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108].
10 [0107] In an embodiment, the BSF unit [110] is configured for receiving service requests from
the CSCF unit. The received service request facilitates in establishing and maintaining communication sessions. The received service request includes a Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) information. The SUPI is a unique identifier that is assigned to each user's subscription within the network to distinguish between different users and manage services
15 accordingly. Once the service request is received, the BSF unit [110] accesses the database
[110f] that stores SUPI details about the routing connections between a SMF unit [106] and the plurality of the PCF units [108a-108z]. The database [110f] contains the SUPI details that is used to determine the correct routing path for each service request. The SUPI details include, but not limited only to a SUPI Range, an individual SUPI, and a SUPI modulo range. The BSF
20 unit [110] then takes the SUPI from the service request and compares it with the SUPI details
stored in the database [110f]. The comparison facilitates in identifying a target PCF unit to handle the request. Based on the comparison, the BSF unit [110] selects the target PCF unit [108] that is suitable to process the service request. Thereafter, the BSF unit [110] routes the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108].
25
[0108] In another embodiment, the BSF unit [110] is configured for receiving authentication requests from the CSCF unit for verifying the identity of users accessing the network. Each authentication request contains a SUPI, which is a unique identifier for the user's subscription. Once an authentication request is received, the BSF unit [110] sends a query to a database
30 [110f]. The database [110f] contains information about the connections between different
network functions. The query aims to identify which PCF unit of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z] is associated with the SUPI, ensuring that the authentication request is routed to
26

the correct PCF for processing. The BSF unit [110] is configured to monitor the database [110f]
for any failures. If the database [110f] becomes unreachable or experiences any issues, the BSF
unit [110] identifies this failure. This detection facilitates in maintaining the integrity of the
network and ensuring that authentication requests can still be processed even in the event of a
5 database failure. In the event of a database failure, the checking unit checks a local configuration
to identify the appropriate PCF unit associated with the SUPI. The local configuration acts as a
backup mechanism, ensuring that authentication requests can still be routed correctly even
when the database [110f] is unavailable. The BSF unit [110] transmits the authentication request
to the identified PCF unit [108] for processing. Once the PCF unit processes the request, it
10 sends an authentication response back to the BSF unit [110]. The BSF unit [110] then receives
the authentication response, and the BSF unit [110] forwards the authentication response to the CSCF unit.
[0109] In yet another embodiment, the BSF unit [110] is configured to receive discovery
15 request from a NEF unit. The discovery requests are used to identify available resources or
services within the network. Once the discovery request is received, the BSF unit [110] is configured to send a query to the database [110f]. The database [110f] contains information about the connections between different network functions, including the plurality of Policy Control Function (PCF) units [108a-108z]. The query aims to identify which PCF unit [108] is
20 associated with the SUPI (Subscription Permanent Identifier) included in the discovery request.
The Detecting Unit [110i] monitors the database [110f] for any failures. If the database [110f] becomes unreachable or experiences issues, the BSF unit [110] identifies this failure. the BSF unit [110] is capable of detecting database failures in scenarios such as a timeout, an unreachable database [110f], or an unreachable cache [110g] thereby ensuring that the system
25 can quickly identify and respond to database issues. In the event of the database failure, the
BSF unit [110] checks a local configuration to identify the appropriate PCF unit associated with the SUPI. The local configuration acts as a backup mechanism, ensuring that discovery requests can still be routed correctly even when the primary database is unavailable. After identifying the appropriate PCF unit, the BSF unit [110] is configured to transmit a binding response to the
30 NEF unit [210]. The binding response contains information about the identified PCF unit,
enabling the NEF unit to proceed with the discovery process. The receiving unit [110a] in receiving communications regarding the failure of the database [110f] for informing the system
27

about the need to perform manual routing of service requests towards the selected target PCF unit [108] when automated routing is not possible due to database issues.
[0110] Referring to FIG. 5, an exemplary method flow diagram [500] indicating the process
5 implemented by a user equipment (UE) for SUPI-based message routing in telecommunication
networks, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. In an implementation the method [500] is performed by the system [100], [200] and [300]. As shown in FIG. 5, the method [500] starts at step [502].
10 [0111] At step [504], the method [500] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises
initiating a service request comprising a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI). In an exemplary aspect, the UE [102] initiates the service request for accessing any service or communicating with other UE [102]. The service request may comprise SUPI. In another exemplary aspect, the UE [102] comprising a processor configured to initiate the service request
15 comprising the SUPI.
[0112] Next, at step [506], the method [500] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises
transmitting the SUPI to a call session control function (CSCF) unit [118] for transmission to
one of a plurality of policy control function (PCF) units [108]. The UE [102] transmits the SUPI
20 to CSCF unit [118] for transmission to one of a plurality of PCF units [108a-108z]. In another
exemplary aspect, the UE [102] includes the processor to transmit the SUPI to CSCF unit [118] for transmission to one of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z].
[0113] Next, at step [508], the method [500] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises
25 storing the SUPI details in the database [110f] to access SUPI details of routing connection
between the session management function (SMF) unit [106] and the plurality of PCF units
[108a-108z]. The UE [102] stores the SUPI details in database [110f] to access SUPI details of
routing connection between the SMF unit [106] and the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z]. In
another exemplary aspect, the UE [102] includes the processor, configured to store the SUPI
30 details in database [110f] to access SUPI details of routing connection between SMF unit [106]
and the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z].
28

[0114] Next, at step [510], the method [500] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises
comparing the SUPI details received from the service request with the SUPI details stored in
the database [110f]. In another exemplary aspect, the UE [102] includes the processor
configured to compare the received SUPI details with the SUPI details stored in the database
5 [110f].
[0115] Next, at step [512], the method [500] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises
selecting a target PCF unit [108] based on the comparison. The UE [102] selects the target PCF
unit [108] based on the comparison. In another exemplary aspect, the UE [102] includes the
10 processor configured to select the target PCF unit [108] based on the comparison.
[0116] Next, at step [514], the method [500] as disclosed by the present disclosure comprises
routing the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108]. The UE [102] routes the
service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108]. In another aspect, the UE [102]
15 includes the processor configured to route the service request towards the selected target PCF
unit [108].
[0117] Thereafter, the method [500] terminates at step [516].
20 [0118] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary block diagram [600] of UE for SUPI-based message
routing in telecommunication networks, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0119] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the user equipment (UE) [102] for
25 routing communication in a communication network is provided. The UE [102] includes a
processor [102a] and a memory [102b]. The processor [102a] is configured to initiate a service
request containing a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI). This service request is
transmitted to the CSCF unit [118] for further processing. The processor [102a] is further
configured to store the SUPI details in a database [110f], which can then be accessed to obtain
30 details of the routing connection between the SMF unit [106] and the plurality of PCF units
[108a-108z]. The stored SUPI details may include a SUPI range, an individual SUPI, and a SUPI Modulo range, as per the configuration of the routing connection. Once the SUPI details
29

are accessed, the processor [102a] compares the SUPI details received from the UE with the
SUPI details stored in the database [110f]. Based on the comparison, the processor [102a]
selects a target PCF unit [108] that is most suited to handle the service request. After the target
PCF unit [108] is selected, the processor [102a] routes the service request towards the selected
5 target PCF unit [108] for further action. The UE [102] configuration ensures that
communication within the network is efficiently managed, with the UE [102] playing an active role in the routing of its service requests by leveraging the capabilities of its processor [102a] and memory [102b].
10 [0120] In an example, a user has a smartphone (the user equipment [102]) that needs to connect
to mobile network to use internet services. When a smartphone tries to access a website, smartphone sends a service request that includes a unique identifier for the subscription, known as the SUPI. This request goes to a special network server, the Call Session Control Function (CSCF) [118], which handles communication sessions. The CSCF [118] sends request to
15 another server called the Binding Support Function (BSF) [110]. The BSF [110] needs to
determine which Policy Control Function (PCF) [108] out of a possible many ([108a-108z]) should handle the request to ensure the smartphone get the service needed. To do this, the BSF [110] looks up the SUPI in a database [110f] to see which PCF [108] the smartphone has been using or should use, based on things like subscription details and the types of services access.
20 If the BSF [110] can’t get the information it needs because the database [110f] is having issues,
like a timeout or a failure, it doesn’t give up. Instead, it uses a backup plan, checking a local configuration to find the PCF [108]. Once the BSF [110] figures out which PCF [108] to use, it sends the request there. The chosen PCF [108] then processes the request and sends back a response, which the BSF [110] forwards to the CSCF [118], completing the cycle and allowing
25 the smartphone to access the service. In this way, the BSF [110] ensures that even if there are
technical issues with the database [110f], the service request is still handled promptly and efficiently, providing a seamless experience on the smartphone.
[0121] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computing device [1000] (also
30 referred to herein as computer system [1000]) upon which the features of the present disclosure
may be implemented in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure.
In an implementation, the computing device [1000] may also implement a method for routing
30

communication in a communication network utilizing the system. In another implementation,
the computing device [1000] itself implements the system for routing communication in a
communication network using one or more units configured within the computing device
[1000], wherein said one or more units are capable of implementing the features as disclosed in
5 the present disclosure.
[0122] The computing device [1000] may include a bus [1002] or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor [1004] coupled with the bus [1002] for processing information. The processor [1004] may be, for example, a general purpose
10 microprocessor. The computing device [1000] may also include a main memory [1006], such
as a random access memory (RAM), or other dynamic storage device, coupled to the bus [1002] for storing information and instructions to be executed by the processor [1004]. The main memory [1006] also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of the instructions to be executed by the processor [1004]. Such
15 instructions, when stored in non-transitory storage media accessible to the processor [1004],
render the computing device [1000] into a special-purpose machine that is customized to perform the operations specified in the instructions. The computing device [1000] further includes a read only memory (ROM) [1008] or other static storage device coupled to the bus [1002] for storing static information and instructions for the processor [1004].
20
[0123] A storage device [1010], such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or solid-state drive is provided and coupled to the bus [1002] for storing information and instructions. The computing device [1000] may be coupled via the bus [1002] to a display [1012], such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), Liquid crystal Display (LCD), Light Emitting Diode (LED) display, Organic LED
25 (OLED) display, etc. for displaying information to a computer user. An input device [1014],
including alphanumeric and other keys, touch screen input means, etc. may be coupled to the bus [1002] for communicating information and command selections to the processor [1004]. Another type of user input device may be a cursor controller [1016], such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys, for communicating direction information and command
30 selections to the processor [1004], and for controlling cursor movement on the display [1012].
This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allow the device to specify positions in a plane.
31

[0124] The computing device [1000] may implement the techniques described herein using
customized hard-wired logic, one or more ASICs or FPGAs, firmware and/or program logic
which in combination with the computing device [1000] causes or programs the computing
5 device [1000] to be a special-purpose machine. According to one implementation, the
techniques herein are performed by the computing device [1000] in response to the processor
[1004] executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in the main
memory [1006]. Such instructions may be read into the main memory [1006] from another
storage medium, such as the storage device [1010]. Execution of the sequences of instructions
10 contained in the main memory [1006] causes the processor [1004] to perform the process steps
described herein. In alternative implementations of the present disclosure, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions.
[0125] The computing device [1000] also may include a communication interface [1018]
15 coupled to the bus [1002]. The communication interface [1018] provides a two-way data
communication coupling to a network link [1020] that is connected to a local network [1022]. For example, the communication interface [1018] may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card, cable modem, satellite modem, or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, the communication
20 interface [1018] may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication
connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, the communication interface [1018] sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
25
[0126] The computing device [1000] can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), the network link [1020] and the communication interface [1018]. In the Internet example, a server [1030] might transmit a requested code for an application program through the Internet [1028], the ISP [1026], the host [1024] and multi-functional
30 device) and the communication interface [1018]. The received code may be executed by the
processor [1004] as it is received, and/or stored in the storage device [1010], or other non-volatile storage for later execution.
32

[0127] The computing device [1000] encompasses a wide range of electronic devices capable
of processing data and performing computations. Examples of computing device [1000]
include, but are not limited only to, personal computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones, servers,
5 and embedded systems. The devices may operate independently or as part of a network and can
perform a variety of tasks such as data storage, retrieval, and analysis. Additionally, computing device [1000] may include peripheral devices, such as monitors, keyboards, and printers, as well as integrated components within larger electronic systems, showcasing their versatility in various technological applications.
10
[0128] As is evident from the above, the present disclosure provides a technically advanced solution at binding support function (BSF) node for PCF querying, binding and may remove network service level outages problem. The disclosed system and method of invention makes use of SUPI based routing/ selection done for routing between SMF and PCF to resolve the
15 issue. Further, during the network or server level problems where database is not reachable/
down and cache is not available, BSF may be able to forward the received (Rx) messages to correct PCF or respond to Nbsf_Management_Discovery service operation request.
[0129] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable
20 storage medium storing instruction for routing communication in a communication network is
disclosed. The storage medium comprising executable code which, when executed by one or
more units of a system, causes: a receiving unit [110a] to receive a service request from a call
session control function (CSCF) unit [118] for transmission to one of a plurality of policy
control function (PCF) units [108a-108z], wherein the service request comprises of a
25 subscription permanent identifier (SUPI); an accessing unit [110b] to access a database [110f]
storing SUPI details of routing connection between a session management function (SMF) unit
[106] and the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z]; a comparing unit [110c] to compare the SUPI
with the SUPI details in the database [110f]; a selecting unit [110d] to select a target PCF unit
[108] based on the comparison; and a routing unit [110e] to route the service request towards
30 the selected target PCF unit [108].
33

[0130] Further, in accordance with the present disclosure, it is to be acknowledged that the
functionality described for the various components/units can be implemented interchangeably.
While specific embodiments may disclose a particular functionality of these units for clarity, it
is recognized that various configurations and combinations thereof are within the scope of the
5 disclosure. The functionality of specific units, as disclosed in the disclosure, should not be
construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Consequently, alternative arrangements and substitutions of units, provided they achieve the intended functionality described herein, are considered to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.
10 [0131] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the disclosed embodiments, it
will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. These and other changes in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, whereby it is to be understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented
15 is illustrative and non-limiting.

We Claim:
1. A method for routing communication, the method comprising:
receiving, at a binding support function (BSF) unit [110], a service request from a call
5 session control function (CSCF) unit [118] for transmission to one of a plurality of policy
control function (PCF) units [108a-108z], wherein the service request comprises of a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI);
accessing, by the BSF unit [110], a database [110f] storing SUPI details of routing
connection between a session management function (SMF) unit [106] and the plurality of PCF
10 units [108a-108z];
comparing, by the BSF unit [110], the SUPI with the SUPI details in the database [110f]; selecting, by the BSF unit [110], a target PCF unit [108] based on the comparison; and routing, by the BSF unit [110], the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108]. 15
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SUPI details of routing connection between the
SMF unit [106] and the PCF unit [108] further comprises of a SUPI range, an individual SUPI,
and a SUPI modulo range.
203. The method as claimed in claim 1, the method further comprising:
receiving, at the BSF unit [110], an authentication request from the CSCF unit [118], wherein the authentication request comprises of the SUPI;
transmitting, by the BSF unit [110], a query to the database [110f] for identifying the
one of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z];
25 detecting, by the BSF unit [110], a database failure;
checking, by the BSF unit [110], a local configuration for identifying the one of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z] associated with the SUPI;
transmitting, by the BSF unit [110], the authentication request to the PCF unit [108];
receiving, by the BSF unit [110], an authentication response from the PCF unit [108];
30 and
transmitting, by the BSF unit [110], the authentication response to the CSCF unit [118].

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, the method further comprising:
receiving, at the BSF unit [110], a discovery request from a network exposure function (NEF) unit [210];
transmitting, by the BSF unit [110], a query to the database [110f] for identifying one
5 of the plurality of policy control function (PCF) units [108];
detecting, by the BSF unit [110], a database failure;
checking, by the BSF unit [110], a local configuration for identifying the one of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z] associated with the SUPI; and
transmitting, by the BSF unit [110], a binding response to the NEF unit [210]. 10
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the database failure is detected, by the BSF unit, in
at least one of an event of a response from the database [110f] is timeout, an unreachable
database [110f], and an unreachable cache [110g].
156. The method as claimed in claim 5, further comprises receiving, at the BSF unit [110], a communication regarding failure of the database [110f] to perform manual routing of the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108].
7. A system for routing communication in a communication network, the system comprising:
20 a binding support function (BSF) unit [110] comprising:
a receiving unit [110a] configured to receive a service request from a call session control
function (CSCF) unit [118] for transmission to one of a plurality of policy control function
(PCF) units [108a-108z], wherein the service request comprises of a subscription permanent
identifier (SUPI);
25 an accessing unit [110b] configured to access a database [110f] storing SUPI details of
routing connection between a session management function (SMF) unit [106] and the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z];
a comparing unit [110c] configured to compare the SUPI with the SUPI details in the
database [110f];
30 a selecting unit [110d] configured to select a target PCF unit [108] based on the
comparison; and

a routing unit [110e] configured to route the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108].
8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the SUPI details of routing connection between the
5 SMF unit [106] and the PCF unit [108] further comprises of a SUPI Range, an individual SUPI,
and a SUPI Modulo range.
9. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the BSF unit [110] comprises:
the receiving unit [110a] configured to receive an authentication request from the CSCF
10 unit [118], wherein the authentication request comprises of the SUPI;
a transmitting unit [110h] configured to transmit a query to the database [110f] for identifying the one of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z];
a detecting unit [110i] configured to detect a database failure;
a checking unit [110j] configured to check a local configuration for identifying the one
15 of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z] associated with the SUPI;
the transmitting unit [110h] configured to transmit the authentication request to the PCF unit [108];
the receiving unit [110a] configured to receive an authentication response from the PCF
unit [108]; and
20 the transmitting unit [110h] configured to transmit the authentication response to the
CSCF unit [118].
10. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the BSF unit [110] comprises:
the receiving unit [110a] configured to receive a discovery request from a network
25 exposure function (NEF) unit [210];
the transmitting unit [110h] configured to transmit a query to the database [110f] for identifying the one of the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z];
the detecting unit [110i] configured to detect a database failure;
the checking unit configured to check a local configuration for identifying the one of
30 the Pcf units [108a-108z] associated with the SUPI; and
the transmitting unit [110h] configured to transmit a binding response to the NEF unit [210].

11. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the BSF unit [110] comprises the detecting unit
[110i] to detect the database failure in at least one of an event of a response from the database
[110f] is timeout, an unreachable database [110f], and an unreachable cache [110g].
5
12. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the BSF unit [110] comprises the receiving unit
[110a] configured to receive a communication regarding failure of the database [110f] to
perform manual routing of the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108].
1013. A user equipment (UE) [102] for routing communication in a communication network, the UE comprising a processor configured to:
initiate a service request comprising a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI);
transmit the SUPI to a call session control function (CSCF) unit [118] for transmission
to one of a plurality of policy control function (PCF) units [108a-108z];
15 store SUPI details in a database [110f] to access SUPI details of routing connection
between a session management function (SMF) unit [106] and the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z];
compare the accessed SUPI details with the SUPI details in the database [110f];
select a target PCF unit [108] based on the comparison; and
20 route the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108].
14. The UE [102] as claimed in claim 13, wherein the SUPI details of routing connection between
the SMF unit [106] and the PCF unit [108] further comprises of a SUPI Range, an individual
SUPI, and a SUPI Modulo range.
25
15. A method implemented by user equipment (UE) for routing communication in a
communication network, the method comprising:
initiating a service request comprising a subscription permanent identifier (SUPI);
transmitting the SUPI to a call session control function (CSCF) unit [118] for
30 transmission to one of a plurality of policy control function (PCF) units [108a-108z];

storing the SUPI details in a database [110f] to access SUPI details of routing connection between a session management function (SMF) unit [106] and the plurality of PCF units [108a-108z];
comparing the accessed SUPI details with the SUPI details in the database [110f];
5 selecting a target PCF unit [108] based on the comparison; and
routing the service request towards the selected target PCF unit [108].
16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the SUPI details of routing connection between
the SMF unit [106] and the PCF unit [108] further comprises of a SUPI Range, an individual
10 SUPI, and a SUPI Modulo range.