FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 OF 1970) & THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
“MONOPOLE ANTENNA STRUCTURE”
We, Jio Platforms Limited, an Indian National, of Office - 101, Saffron, Nr. Centre Point,
Panchwati 5 Rasta, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad - 380006, Gujarat, India.
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

MONOPOLE ANTENNA STRUCTURE
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
5 [001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a wireless device in a wireless
communication system. More particularly, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a monopole antenna structure for a wireless network component/device.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
10
[002] The following description of the related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section is used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not
15 as admissions of the prior art.
[003] Antennas are used in wireless communication systems to broadcast and receive radio frequency
signals. Antennas can generally be either unidirectional or omnidirectional. Furthermore, there are
antenna systems that offer directed gains through electronic scanning. A lot of these antenna systems
20 suffer from considerable loss and are very expensive. Furthermore, the wireless communication
technologies in use today provide relatively little space for antenna components.
[004] Recently, with the development in wireless technology and advancement of components installed in networks for providing wireless communication services to users, the frequency band of the
25 antennae in the network components is diversifying. In addition, the network components are required
to provide a variety of services while miniaturizing and lightweighting. In order to satisfy these demands, antennas and components employed in mobile communication terminals are becoming more versatile and at the same time becoming smaller, while increasing performance characteristics such as increased bandwidth, gains, etc. Furthermore, antennas used in wireless communication devices are
30 gradually embedded in the devices and components. Therefore, the antenna mounted inside a wireless
network component is required to satisfy the required performance while occupying a very small antenna volume inside the components.
[005] In a wireless communication system, a geographic area may often be split into a number of
35 sections or smaller geographical areas known as cells. Each cell may be served by a separate base
station. In order to provide two-way radio frequency (RF) communications with fixed and mobile
customers ("users") dispersed across a cell, the base station may comprise a baseband equipment, radios,
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and antennas, along with other network components. A cell may normally serve customers within, say, a range of 2–20 km from a base station. However, smaller cells are usually used in some areas to boost capacity and performance.
5 [006] Small cell base stations are low power base stations with a significantly lower range than
standard "macro cell" base stations. They can operate in licenced and/or unlicensed spectrum. Users within a limited geographic region (such as tens or hundreds of metres around the small cell base station) may be the target audience for small cell base stations. The macro cell base station can offload most or all of the traffic in the region of the small cell base station by using small cells, for instance, to offer
10 cellular coverage to heavy traffic locations within the macro cell. Similarly, a picocell is a small cellular
base station that is typically used to extend coverage to indoor areas that may be even smaller than that covered by a small cell. This may include, but not limited to, in-building offices, shopping malls, train stations, stock exchanges, etc., or more recently in-aircraft. In cellular networks, picocells are typically used to extend coverage to indoor areas where outdoor signals do not reach well, or to add network
15 capacity in areas with very dense phone usage, such as train stations or stadiums. Also, a Customer
Premises Equipment (CPE) is telecommunications and information technology equipment that is usually kept at the customer's physical location rather than on the service provider's premises. A CPE may generally refer to devices such as routers, network switches, residential gateways, set-top boxes, home networking adapters and internet access gateways that enable consumers to access providers'
20 communication services and distribute them within a defined area.
[007] A small geographical area or small-proximity indoor space is covered by the small cells in any
cellular communication networks. Antenna(s) in the small cells play an important role in any cellular
communication networks. A monopole antenna is a class of radio antenna consisting of a straight rod-
25 shaped conductor, often mounted perpendicularly over some type of conductive surface, called a ground
plane. Currently, the monopole antenna designs used for the Pico cell, Small Cell and Customer
Premises Equipment (CPE) are highly dependent on system ground dimensions in which it is integrated.
The characteristic of radiation pattern shape to spread equally in all directions may also get impacted
by the ground size, nearby components and the mechanical housing. The existing monopole antennae
30 have narrow band width of 3-4% at the centre frequency and are impacted by the system ground.
[008] Thus, there exists an imperative need in the art to provide an improved monopole antenna structure for a wireless network component/device, which the present disclosure aims to address.
35 SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
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[009] This section is provided to introduce certain aspects of the present disclosure in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the key features or the scope of the claimed subject matter.
5 [0010] An aspect of the present disclosure may relate to a monopole antenna structure. The monopole
antenna structure comprises an ivory-shaped antenna structure mounted on a base Printed Circuit Board
(PCB). Further, the monopole antenna structure comprises a feed line connected to the ivory-shaped
antenna structure at an intermediate point along a length of the antenna structure. Further, the monopole
antenna structure comprises a conductor entity comprising an inner conductor and an outer conductor.
10 Further, the monopole antenna structure comprises a monopole grounding stub connected at a bottom
point of the antenna structure on the base PCB. Further, the inner conductor of the conductor entity is soldered onto the feed line, and the outer conductor of the conductor entity is soldered onto the monopole grounding stub.
15 [0011] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the ivory-shaped antenna structure is
associated with a pre-defined wavelength.
[0012] In another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the ivory-shaped antenna structure is mounted on the base PCB at a pre-defined angle. 20
[0013] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the conductor entity is a Radio Frequency (RF) coaxial cable.
[0014] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the base PCB comprises a copper
25 layer forming an antenna base ground, the antenna base ground further comprising one or more cut-
outs.
[0015] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the antenna structure further
comprises one or more soldering pads mounted to a monopole antenna PCB, such that the soldering
30 pads provide strength to the monopole antenna PCB when the monopole antenna PCB is mounted on
the base PCB.
[0016] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the ivory-shaped antenna structure has a variable input impedance based on a tapping point on the ivory-shaped antenna structure. 35
4

[0017] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a target input impedance from a variable input impedance of the ivory-shaped antenna structure is matched with an impedance of the conductor entity.
5 [0018] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a width value of the ivory-shaped
antenna structure increases from bottom to top.
[0019] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, a plurality of the monopole antennas
is mounted on the base PCB such that, upon mounting, each of the plurality of monopole antenna is
10 placed at a pre-defined distance and at an orthogonal orientation with respect to each other.
[0020] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the pre-defined distance is based on a minimum port-to-port isolation value.
15 [0021] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, each of the plurality of monopole
antenna structure is inclined at a pre-defined angle with the base PCB.
[0022] In yet another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, an open stub is connected at a top point of the ivory-shaped antenna structure. 20
OBJECTS OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0023] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment disclosed herein satisfies are listed herein below. 25
[0024] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide an improved monopole antenna structure with better performance.
[0025] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a solution that can provide isolation and
30 band width improvement in a monopole antenna structure.
[0026] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a solution that can achieve the minimum port to port isolation.
35 [0027] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a solution that improves the isolation
between antennas through slits/cutouts in the ground plane without increasing the physical separation between them.
5

[0028] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a monopole antenna structure in which the radiation pattern coverage is not impacted by the system ground.
5 [0029] It is another object of the present disclosure to provide a monopole antenna design that can be
easily extended to MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) applications
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
10 [0030] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this
disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Also, the embodiments shown in the figures are not to be construed as limiting the
15 disclosure, but the possible variants of the system according to the disclosure are illustrated herein to
highlight the advantages of the disclosure. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes disclosure of electrical components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
20 [0031] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary diagram of tilted front view of a monopole antenna structure [100]
comprising monopole antenna placed on an antenna base printed circuit board (PCB), in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 2 shows an exemplary diagram of a front view [200] of a monopole antenna, in accordance
25 with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 3 shows an exemplary diagram of tilted front view of a plurality of monopole antenna [300] in a monopole antenna array placed on a common antenna base printed circuit board (PCB), in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure. 30
[0034] FIG. 4 shows an exemplary diagram of bottom view [400] of a plurality of monopole antenna in a monopole antenna array placed on a common antenna base printed circuit board (PCB), in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure.
35 [0035] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the
disclosure.
6

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set
forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be
5 apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific
details. Several features described hereafter may each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above.
10 [0037] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the
scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.
15
[0038] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the
20 embodiments in unnecessary detail.
[0039] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or
25 “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or
designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word—without
30 precluding any additional or other elements.
[0040] As discussed in the background section, the current known solutions have several shortcomings
and there is a requirement to provide isolation and band width improvement. The present disclosure
aims to overcome the above-mentioned and other existing problems in this field of technology by
35 providing a monopole antenna structure that comprises a monopole antenna having an ivory shaped
antenna structure. Also, the monopole antenna structure is neither perpendicular nor parallel to ground
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plane, so that at least the interaction of the monopole antenna with the ground plane is reduced as compared to a parallel arrangement.
[0041] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference
5 to the accompanying drawings.
[0042] Fig. 1 shows an exemplary diagram of tilted front view of a monopole antenna structure [100] comprising monopole antenna placed on an antenna base printed circuit board (PCB), in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure. Further, Fig. 2 shows an exemplary diagram
10 of a front view [200] of a monopole antenna, in accordance with exemplary implementation of the
present disclosure. For the purpose of clear explanation, the features of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 may be used in conjunction with each other. Further, Fig. 3 shows an exemplary diagram of tilted front view of a plurality of monopole antenna [300] in a monopole antenna array placed on a common antenna base printed circuit board (PCB), in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure,
15 and Fig. 4 shows an exemplary diagram of bottom view [400] of a plurality of monopole antenna in a
monopole antenna array placed on a common antenna base printed circuit board (PCB), in accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure. Also, in the said figures namely, Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4, same components may be explained using like or different reference numerals for the purpose of clear explanation throughout this disclosure.
20
[0043] More specifically, the monopole antenna structure [100] comprises a monopole antenna [101] which further comprises an ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] mounted on a base Printed Circuit Board (PCB) [104]. Also, this ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] may be formed (or printed) on a monopole antenna PCB [106] which may be further mounted on the base PCB [104]. In an
25 implementation, one or more soldering pads [208] may be mounted to the monopole antenna PCB [106],
such that the soldering pads [208] provide strength to the monopole antenna PCB [106] when the monopole antenna PCB [106] is mounted on the base PCB [104]. For example, 2 back-to-back soldering pads may be used here, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
30 [0044] In an implementation, one end of the ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] is connected to a
ground plane, i.e., an antenna base ground [108]. The base PCB [104], in an implementation, is a single layer PCB which has complete copper layer on one side. Also, the monopole antenna PCB [106] may be mounted and assembled on the base PCB [104], and the copper layer of the base PCB [104] may act as a ground plane, i.e., the antenna base ground [108] for the monopole antenna [101]. The dimensions
35 of the ground layer considered is close to one wavelength at centre frequency. In an implementation,
the monopole antenna [101] antenna is used to implement a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) 2 Transmitter-2 receivers (2T2R) design, however the disclosure is not limited thereto.
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[0045] Also, the monopole width, which is the width of the ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] gradually increases from bottom to top. This creates multiple resonances across the bandwidth, which in turn provides improvement in the bandwidth of the monopole antenna [101]. Further, in an 5 implementation, an open stub [210] is connected at a top point of the ivory-shaped antenna structure [102]. This open stub [210] further improves the bandwidth of the monopole antenna [101]. This improvement in bandwidth, in some implementations, may be up to 12%.
[0046] Further, in an implementation, the monopole antenna [ 101 ] is neither perpendicular nor parallel 10 to ground plane. More specifically, the ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] of the monopole antenna [101] is mounted on the base PCB [104] at a pre-defined angle which may be in the range of 1 degree to about 89 degrees. This neither perpendicular nor parallel placement of the monopole antenna PCB [106] to the ground plane, i.e., the base PCB [104], has following advantages: (a) the height of the monopole will be less compared to perpendicular arrangement, and (b) the interaction with ground plane 15 and its effect will be minimized compared to parallel arrangement.
[0047] Further, the monopole antenna [101] has a pre-defined wavelength. More specifically, the ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] of the monopole antenna [101] is associated with the pre-defined wavelength. In an implementation, the pre-defined wavelength is less than a quarter wavelength of
20 centre frequency. Also, one end of the monopole antenna structure [100] comprises a feed line [202] connected to the ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] at an intermediate point along a length of the antenna structure [102]. By properly choosing a feed line tapping point on the monopole antenna [101], the input impedance of the monopole antenna [101] can be matched to an impedance of a conductor entity [204]. For example, the input impedance of the monopole antenna [101] can be matched to, but
25 not limited to, a 50Ω RF coaxial cable impedance. Therefore, the monopole antenna [101] has a variable input impedance based on a tapping point on the antenna structure [ 102]. A target input impedance from the variable input impedance of the antenna structure [102] may be selected depending on a use case. For this, the impedance value is matched with the impedance of the conductor entity [204]. That is, the target input impedance is an impedance identified upon properly choosing the feed line tapping point
30 on the monopole antenna [101].
[0048] Further, the monopole antenna structure [100] comprises a monopole grounding stub [206] connected to the antenna structure [102] at a bottom point of the antenna structure [102] on the base PCB [104]. Further, the monopole antenna structure [100] comprises the conductor entity [204]. This 35 conductor entity [204] comprises an inner conductor soldered onto the feed line [202] and an outer conductor soldered onto the monopole grounding stub [206]. The conductor entity [204], in an implementation, may be the radio frequency (RF) coaxial cable.
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[0049] Referring to Figure 3, a plurality of monopole antennas [302, 304] is mounted on the base PCB
[104] such that, upon mounting, each of the plurality of the monopole antennas [302, 304] is placed at
a pre-defined distance and at an orthogonal orientation with respect to each other. In this
5 implementation, a replica (i.e., [304] of the monopole antenna ([101] or [302]) is placed at a separation
of, but not limited to, one wavelength at centre frequency from the monopole antenna ([101] or [302]).
Both the monopole antenna [101] and the replica of the monopole antenna [101] (that is, antenna [302]
and antenna [304] as shown in Fig. 3) share the common antenna base ground [108] on the base PCB
[104]. In an implementation, both the monopole antennae [101] are oriented orthogonal to each other
10 at a specified separation. This orthogonal orientation facilitates in achieving the minimum port to port
isolation. Further, in an implementation, the pre-defined distance is also based on the minimum port-
to-port isolation value. Further, in an implementation, the antenna base ground [108] comprises one or
more cut-outs [402] (i.e., slits) which further improve the isolation, i.e., port to port isolation, without
increasing the physical separation between them. For example, as shown in Fig. 4, by providing cut-
15 outs [402] in the antenna base ground [108], around 5dB isolation may be improved without affecting
the other antenna parameters and performance. In an implementation, each of the plurality of monopole
antennas [302, 304] is inclined at a corresponding pre-defined angle with respect to the ground plane,
i.e., antenna base ground [108].
20 [0050] Therefore, the present disclosure overcomes the limitations of the existing solutions by
providing technically advanced monopole antenna structure. Also, the present discloser provides a unique monopole shape of a monopole antenna. Further, the monopole antenna is placed neither vertical nor horizontal to ground plane. The ivory-shaped antenna structure and the open stub improves the band width of the monopole antenna. Further, the monopole antenna design comprises its own ground plane,
25 which makes the design independent of system ground on which it is integrated. Also, the coverage of
the radiation pattern, that is, the characteristic of equally distributing the radiation, of the monopole antenna, according to the present disclosure, is not impacted by the system ground on which it is integrated. Further, the design can be easily extended to MIMO (Multi Input Multi Output) applications by placing the same design at a specified distance. Also, the isolation is improved through cut outs in
30 the ground plane when they placed in space constrained environment. Further, in an implementation
when using MIMO applications, the antennas are oriented 45° inclined such that both the antennas can see the similar ground plane. Therefore, the present disclosure provides various technical advancements and technical effects.
35 [0051] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the disclosed implementations, it will
be appreciated that many implementations can be made and that many changes can be made to the implementations without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. These and other
10

changes in the implementations of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, whereby it is to be understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented is illustrative and non-limiting.
5

We Claim:
1. A monopole antenna structure [100] comprising:
5 an ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] mounted on a base Printed Circuit Board (PCB) [104];
a feed line [202] connected to the ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] at an intermediate point along a length of the antenna structure [102];
a conductor entity [204] comprising an inner conductor and an outer conductor; and
a monopole grounding stub [206] connected to the antenna structure [102] at a bottom point of
10 the antenna structure [102] on the base PCB [104],
wherein the inner conductor of the conductor entity [204] is soldered onto the feed line [202], and the outer conductor of the conductor entity [204] is soldered onto the monopole grounding stub [206].
15 2. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ivory-shaped antenna
structure [102] is associated with a pre-defined wavelength.
3. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ivory-shaped antenna
structure [102] is mounted on the base PCB [104] at a pre-defined angle.
20
4. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conductor entity [204]
is a Radio Frequency (RF) coaxial cable.
5. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base PCB [104]
25 comprises a copper layer forming an antenna base ground [108], the antenna base ground [108] further
comprising one or more cut-outs [402].
6. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 1, further comprising one or more
soldering pads [208] mounted to a monopole antenna PCB [106], such that the soldering pads [208]
30 provide strength to the monopole antenna PCB [106] when the monopole antenna PCB [106] is mounted
on the base PCB [104].
7. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ivory-shaped antenna
structure [102] has a variable input impedance based on a tapping point on the ivory-shaped antenna
35 structure [102].

8. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 7, wherein a target input impedance
from the variable input impedance of the ivory-shaped antenna structure [102] is matched with an impedance of the conductor entity [204].
5 9. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 1, wherein a width value of the ivory-
shaped antenna structure [102] increases from bottom to top.
10. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 1, comprises a plurality of the
monopole antennas [302, 304] mounted on the base PCB [104] such that, upon mounting, each of the
10 plurality of monopole antenna [302, 304] is placed at a pre-defined distance and at an orthogonal
orientation with respect to each other.
11. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 10, wherein the pre-defined distance
is based on a minimum port-to-port isolation value.
15
12. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of
monopole antenna [302, 304] is inclined at a corresponding pre-defined angle with the base PCB [104].
13. The monopole antenna structure [100] as claimed in claim 1, wherein an open stub [210] is
20 connected at a top point of the ivory-shaped antenna structure [102].
Dated this 9th day of July, 2023