FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 (39 OF 1970) & THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
“METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SYNCHRONIZING MULTI-BAND RADIO SYSTEMS 5G NR INTEGRATED MACRO
GNB”
We, Jio Platforms Limited, an Indian National, of Office - 101, Saffron, Nr. Centre Point, Panchwati 5 Rasta, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad - 380006, Gujarat, India.
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SYNCHRONIZING MULTI-BAND RADIO SYSTEMS 5G NR INTEGRATED MACRO GNB
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
5
[001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the field of wireless communication systems. More particularly, embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method and system for synchronizing multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR Integrated Macro gNB with Carrier Aggregation. 10
BACKGROUND
[002] The following description of related art is intended to provide background
information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include
15 certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present
disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.
20 [003] Wireless communication technology has rapidly evolved over the past few
decades, with each generation bringing significant improvements and advancements. The first generation of wireless communication technology was based on analog technology and offered only voice services. However, with the advent of the second-generation (2G) technology, digital communication and data
25 services became possible, and text messaging was introduced. The third-generation
(3G) technology marked the introduction of high-speed internet access, mobile video calling, and location-based services. The fourth-generation (4G) technology revolutionized wireless communication with faster data speeds, better network coverage, and improved security. Currently, the fifth-generation (5G) technology is
30 being deployed, promising even faster data speeds, low latency, and the ability to
connect multiple devices simultaneously. With each generation, wireless
2

communication technology has become more advanced, sophisticated, and capable of delivering more services to its users.
[004] Synchronization is the most important and critical process in the telecom
5 system to ensure high level of accuracy in the end-to-end communication. In 5G,
latency requirements are very stringent (less than 5ms) which generates requirement for a very precise and highly reliable clock and synchronization system implementation.
10 [005] To meet the target latency of 5G system, telecom operators are required to
implement a stable clock and timing system in their network. This is implemented while utilizing secondary synchronization cards in the radios and primary synchronization card in the Centralized Unit (CU). There exists a need for meeting the timing and phase requirement of a multi-band (low band and mid band) radio
15 system while implementing network synchronization and meeting holdover
requirements.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
20 [006] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one
embodiment disclosed herein satisfies are listed herein below.
[007] One primary object of the disclosure is to provide a unique system synchronization method, that may synchronize multi-band radio systems.
25
[008] The disclosure also aims to disclose a unique circuit and method, that is meeting the timing and phase requirement of a multi-band (low band and mid band) radio system while implementing network synchronization and meeting holdover requirements.
30
3

[009] Another object of the present disclosure is integrated macro gNodeB with Carrier Aggregation solution that brings together integrated CU, DU and RU functionality for Band n78 and CU, DU and High PHY functionality for Band n28 thus supporting Carrier Aggregation (CA). 5
[0010] Further, an integrated Macro gNodeB with CA solutions bring together
integrated functionality of TDD band n78 complete PHY and High PHY
functionality of FDD band n28 on a single hardware. Hence, another object is to
implement a unique clock circuit where time, phase and frequency synchronization
10 is happening in the radio unit itself on the top of the tower/ base station.
[0011] Yet another object of the present disclosure is that 5G NR Integrated Macro gNodeB with CA for 700 MHz design have an integrated solution with cavity filter without any use of cable. 15
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0012] This section is provided to introduce certain aspects of the present disclosure
in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description.
20 This summary is not intended to identify the key features or the scope of the claimed
subject matter.
[0013] According to an aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system for synchronizing multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR Integrated Macro gNB with
25 Carrier Aggregation is disclosed. The system comprises a transceiver unit,
configured to receive a primary reference clock signal from at least one of a Global Positioning System GPS module or a precision time protocol (PTP) source. The system further comprises a monitor unit connected to the transceiver unit, wherein the monitor unit is configured to continually monitor the received primary reference
30 clock signal to determine if the primary reference clock signal is received at least
one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) module and the precision time protocol
4

(PTP) source. The system further comprises a generator unit connected to the
monitor unit, wherein the generator unit, configured to generate a 1PPS output
signal and clock based on the determined primary reference clock signal. The
system further comprises the transceiver unit connected to the generator unit,
5 wherein the transceiver unit is configured to generate the generated 1 pulse per
second (PPS) output signal to a system synchronizer, and designate the 1 pulse per second (PPS) output signal and clock output signal as a principal input source for phase and frequency synchronization of all associated clock outputs.
10 [0014] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for
synchronizing multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR Integrated Macro gNB with Carrier Aggregation is disclosed. The method includes receiving, by a transceiver unit, a primary reference clock signal from at least one of a Global Positioning System (GPS) module and a precision time protocol (PTP) source; continually
15 monitoring, by a monitor unit, the received primary reference clock signal to
determine if the primary reference clock signal is received from at least one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) module and the precision time protocol (PTP) source; generating, by a generator unit, a 1 pulse per second (PPS) output signal and clock based on the determined primary reference clock signal; and transmitting,
20 by the transceiver unit, the generated 1 pulse per second (PPS) output signal to a
system synchronizer and designating the 1 pulse per second (PPS) and clock output signal as a principal input source for a phase and frequency synchronization of all associated clock outputs.
25 [0015] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the method encompasses
determining, by the determinator unit, a Time of Day (ToD) based on the generated 1PPS output signal and forwarding the ToD from a first network processor (NP1) to a second network processor (NP2) without incurring an additional processing delay.
30
5

[0016] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the primary reference clock signal comprises at least one of the GPS National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) packets and the network PTP packets.
5 [0017] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the GPS module further
comprises an IEEE1588 slave module for processing the PTP slave packets to derive the 1PPS signal and the ToD information.
[0018] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, in absence of the GPS
10 signal and presence of the PTP 1PPS signal, the PTP 1PPS signal is selected as the
reference input for the system synchronizer.
[0019] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, entering a holdover state
by the system synchronizer upon unavailability of both the GPS signal and the PTP
15 1PPS signal.
[0020] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the system synchronizer employs an OCXO and an XO in a split XO mode to maintain the synchronization during the holdover state. 20
[0021] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the second network processor (NP2) acts as a PTP grandmaster, utilizing the forwarded ToD for an embedding time and a phase information into the PTP packets.
25 [0022] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, NP2 employs the ToD and
the 1PPS input to incorporate the time and the phase information into the PTP packets relayed via a fronthaul interface and connected to a radio unit of a 700 MHz band.
30 [0023] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the method encompasses
configuration and control of the system synchronizer are executed by the NP1 to
6

ensure the consistent time and the phase synchronization across the multi-band radio systems.
[0024] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-transitory
5 computer-readable storage medium storing instructions synchronizing multi-band
radio systems within a telecommunication network. These instructions entail executable code that, when executed by one or more units of the system the instructions facilitates: receiving, by a transceiver unit, a primary reference clock signal from at least one of a Global Positioning System (GPS) module and a
10 precision time protocol (PTP) source; continually monitoring, by a monitor unit,
the received primary reference clock signal to determine if the primary reference clock signal is received from at least one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) module and the precision time protocol (PTP) source; generating, by a generator unit, a 1 pulse per second (PPS) output signal and clock based on the determined
15 primary reference clock signal; and transmitting, by the transceiver unit, the
generated 1 pulse per second (PPS) output signal to a system synchronizer and designating the 1 pulse per second (PPS) and clock output signal as a principal input source for a phase and frequency synchronization of all associated clock outputs.
20 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the
25 different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale,
emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes disclosure of
30 electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to
implement such components.
7

[0026] FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary block diagram representation of 5th generation core (5GC) network architecture; 5
[0027] FIG. 1B illustrates an exemplary high-level clock architecture of one 5G NR IMG CA Site, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
10 [0028] FIG. 1C illustrates an exemplary system diagram depicting a system, for
synchronizing multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR Integrated Macro gNB with Carrier Aggregation in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
15 [0029] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary Input Reference selection logic on 5G NR
IMG with CA Site, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary method flow diagram, for synchronizing
20 multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR Integrated Macro gNB with Carrier
Aggregation, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computing device upon
which the features of the present disclosure may be implemented in accordance with
25 exemplary implementation of the present disclosure.
[0032] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the disclosure.
30 DESCRIPTION
8

[0033] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various
specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of
embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that
embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific
5 details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one
another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not
address any of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the
problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be
fully addressed by any of the features described herein. Example embodiments of
10 the present disclosure are described below, as illustrated in various drawings in
which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings.
[0034] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not
15 intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather,
the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in
the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment.
It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and
arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the
20 disclosure as set forth.
[0035] It should be noted that the terms "mobile device", "user equipment", "user device", “communication device”, “device” and similar terms are used interchangeably for the purpose of describing the disclosure. These terms are not
25 intended to limit the scope of the disclosure or imply any specific functionality or
limitations on the described embodiments. The use of these terms is solely for convenience and clarity of description. The disclosure is not limited to any particular type of device or equipment, and it should be understood that other equivalent terms or variations thereof may be used interchangeably without
30 departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined herein.
9

[0036] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough
understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these
specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other
5 components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to
obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
10 [0037] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process
which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process
15 is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not
included in a figure.
[0038] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the
20 subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any
aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms
25 “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed
description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word—without precluding any additional or other elements.
30 [0039] As used herein, an “electronic device”, or “portable electronic device”, or
“user device” or “communication device” or “user equipment” or “device” refers
10

to any electrical, electronic, electromechanical and computing device. The user
device is capable of receiving and/or transmitting one or parameters, performing
function/s, communicating with other user devices and transmitting data to the
other user devices. The user equipment may have a processor, a display, a memory,
5 a battery and an input-means such as a hard keypad and/or a soft keypad. The user
equipment may be capable of operating on any radio access technology including
but not limited to IP-enabled communication, Zig Bee, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low
Energy, Near Field Communication, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi direct, etc. For
instance, the user equipment may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone,
10 smartphone, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, laptop,
a general-purpose computer, desktop, personal digital assistant, tablet computer, mainframe computer, or any other device as may be obvious to a person skilled in the art for implementation of the features of the present disclosure.
15 [0040] Further, the user device may also comprise a “processor” or “processing
unit” includes processing unit, wherein processor refers to any logic circuitry for processing instructions. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a
20 DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits,
Field Programmable Gate Array circuits, any other type of integrated circuits, etc. The processor may perform signal coding data processing, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the working of the system according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the processor is a hardware processor.
25
[0041] As used herein, “storage unit” or “memory unit” refers to a machine or computer-readable medium including any mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a computer or similar machine. For example, a computer-readable medium includes Read-Only Memory (“ROM”), Random Access Memory
30 (“RAM”), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory
devices or other types of machine-accessible storage media. The storage unit stores
11

at least the data that may be required by one or more units of the system to perform their respective functions .input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the working of the system according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the processor is a hardware processor. 5
[0042] As portable electronic devices and wireless technologies continue to
improve and grow in popularity, the advancing wireless technologies for data
transfer are also expected to evolve and replace the older generations of
technologies. In the field of wireless data communications, the dynamic
10 advancement of various generations of cellular technology are also seen. The
development, in this respect, has been incremental in the order of second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), and now fifth generation (5G), and more such generations are expected to continue in the forthcoming time.
15 [0043] As used herein, Global Positioning System (GPS) refers to a satellite-based
navigation system that provides accurate timing information used as a Primary Reference Clock signal for synchronization.
[0044] As used herein, Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is a protocol used for clock
20 synchronization in networked systems. It serves as an alternative source of precise
timing information for synchronization in the invention.
[0045] As used herein, Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) refers to the initial
investment in equipment and infrastructure required for the implementation of any
25 technology, such as purchasing GPS modules or PTP sources.
[0046] As used herein, Oven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator (OCXO) is a type of oscillator and a quartz-based timing device that offers high stability and precision by maintaining a constant temperature within an oven chamber. 30
12

[0047] As used herein, Crystal Oscillator (XO) is a type of oscillator and timing device that generates an electrical signal with a precise frequency based on the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal.
5 [0048] As used herein, Carrier Aggregation (CA) is a technique used in wireless
communication to combine multiple carriers or frequency bands to increase data throughput and capacity.
[0049] As used herein, Time Division Duplex (TDD) is a duplexing technique
10 where the same frequency band is used for both transmitting and receiving, but at
different time intervals.
[0050] As used herein, Physical Layer (PHY) refers to the lowest layer of the OSI model responsible for transmitting raw data bits over a physical medium. 15
[0051] As used herein, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) refers to a duplexing technique where separate frequency bands are used for transmitting and receiving data simultaneously.
20 [0052] Band n78: Band n78 operates in the frequency range of 3300 MHz to 3800
MHz. It is primarily used for high-capacity data transfer due to its wide bandwidth availability. The present invention leverages Band n78 to facilitate high-speed data transmission, making it suitable for urban and densely populated areas where data demand is high.
25
[0053] Band n28: Band n28 operates in the frequency range of 703 MHz to 803 MHz. It is characterized by its longer wavelength, providing extensive coverage and better penetration through obstacles. Band n28 is utilized in the present invention to ensure broad coverage, particularly in rural and suburban areas where
30 signal penetration and range are critical.
13

[0054] Central Unit (CU): The CU manages the control signalling for both Band n78 and Band n28, ensuring seamless coordination and management of the carrier aggregation process.
5 [0055] Distributed Unit (DU): The DU processes lower-layer protocols such as the
Medium Access Control (MAC) and Radio Link Control (RLC). For Band n78 and Band n28, the DU handles real-time processing and execution of data transmission and reception, facilitating efficient use of available bandwidth.
10 [0056] Macro gNB: A macro gNB is a large-scale base station that provides wide-
area coverage in a 5G NR network. It supports multiple frequency bands and carrier aggregation to enhance data throughput and connectivity. The term "integrated macro gNB with carrier aggregation" indicates that this base station is capable of simultaneously using multiple carriers to deliver high-speed data services.
15
[0057] NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association): NMEA refers to a standard for communication between marine electronics, such as GPS receivers. NMEA packets are formatted strings of data that convey information like position, speed, and time.
20
[0058] The primary reference clock signal can be derived from GPS data encapsulated in NMEA packets. These packets provide accurate timing information essential for synchronization in communication systems.
25 [0059] PTP (Precision Time Protocol): PTP is a network protocol used to
synchronize clocks throughout a computer network. It is defined by the IEEE 1588 standard and is widely used in systems requiring precise timekeeping. The primary reference clock signal can also be obtained from network PTP packets, which provide high-precision time synchronization necessary for coordinating various
30 network functions.
14

[0060] TOD (Time of Day): TOD represents the current time expressed in hours, minutes, and seconds. TOD can be derived from either NMEA packets or PTP packets, ensuring that the system's internal clock is accurately aligned with a global time standard. 5
[0061] IEEE 1588 Slave Module: An IEEE 1588 slave module is a device or
component in a network that synchronizes its clock to a master clock using the IEEE
1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP). This module ensures that the device’s internal
clock remains synchronized with the primary reference clock signal derived from
10 PTP packets, providing accurate timekeeping across the network.
[0062] PPS (Pulse Per Second): PPS signals can be used in conjunction with
NMEA and PTP packets to ensure the primary reference clock signal is highly
accurate. These signals act as precise timing references for aligning the system’s
15 clock with the global time standard.
[0063] Primary Reference Clock: This clock signal is essential for ensuring
accurate timing and synchronization across the network. The primary reference
clock signal is derived from either a Global Positioning System (GPS) module or a
20 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) source. The primary reference clock ensures that all
network components operate in unison, which is critical for the performance and reliability of the 5G NR system. The clock signal is continually monitored to verify its source and reliability.
25 [0064] Holdover State: The holdover state is a fallback mode that a system
synchronizer enters when both the GPS signal and PTP 1PPS signal are unavailable. During this state, the system relies on internal oscillators, such as Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillators (OCXO) and Clock Oscillators (XO) in a split XO mode, to maintain synchronization. This ensures that the system continues to function
30 correctly, albeit with reduced precision, until the primary reference clock signal is
restored.
15

[0065] As discussed in the background section, the current known solutions for
synchronization of 5G NR integrated have several shortcomings such as delay in
synchronization necessitating major changes in existing system’s design.
5
[0066] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0067] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram representation of 5th
10 generation core (5GC) network architecture, in accordance with exemplary
implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, the 5GC network
architecture [100] includes a user equipment (UE) [102], a radio access network
(RAN) [104], an access and mobility management function (AMF) [106], a Session
Management Function (SMF) [108], a Service Communication Proxy (SCP) [110],
15 an Authentication Server Function (AUSF) [112], a Network Slice Specific
Authentication and Authorization Function (NSSAAF) [114], a Network Slice
Selection Function (NSSF) [116], a Network Exposure Function (NEF) [118], a
Network Repository Function (NRF) [120], a Policy Control Function (PCF) [122],
a Unified Data Management (UDM) [124], an application function (AF) [126], a
20 User Plane Function (UPF) [128], and a data network (DN) [130] wherein all the
components are assumed to be connected to each other in a manner as obvious to
the person skilled in the art for implementing features of the present disclosure.
[0068] The User Equipment (UE) [102] interfaces with the network via the Radio
25 Access Network (RAN) [104]; the Access and Mobility Management Function
(AMF) [106] manages connectivity and mobility, while the Session Management
Function (SMF) [108] administers session control; the service communication
proxy (SCP) [110] routes and manages communication between network services,
enhancing efficiency and security, and the Authentication Server Function (AUSF)
30 [112] handles user authentication; the Non-Standalone Access Architecture
Function (NSSAAF) integrates the 5G core network with existing 4G LTE
16

networks i.e., to enable Non-Standalone (NSA) 5G deployments, the Network Slice
Selection Function (NSSF) [116], Network Exposure Function (NEF) [118], and
Network Repository Function (NRF) [120] enable network customization, secure
interfacing with external applications, and maintain network function registries
5 respectively; the Policy Control Function (PCF) [122] develops operational
policies, and the Unified Data Management (UDM) [124] manages subscriber data;
the Application Function (AF) [126] enables application interaction, the User Plane
Function (UPF) [128] processes and forwards user data, and the Data Network (DN)
[130] connects to external internet resources; collectively, these components are
10 designed to enhance mobile broadband, ensure low-latency communication, and
support massive machine-type communication, solidifying the 5GC as the infrastructure for next-generation mobile networks.
[0069] Radio Access Network (RAN) [104] is the part of a mobile
15 telecommunications system that connects user equipment (UE) [102] to the core
network (CN) and provides access to different types of networks (e.g., 5G network). It consists of radio base stations and the radio access technologies that enable wireless communication.
20 [0070] Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) [106] is a 5G core
network function responsible for managing access and mobility aspects, such as UE registration, connection, and reachability. It also handles mobility management procedures like handovers and paging.
25 [0071] Session Management Function (SMF) [108] is a 5G core network function
responsible for managing session-related aspects, such as establishing, modifying, and releasing sessions. It coordinates with the User Plane Function (UPF) for data forwarding and handles IP address allocation and QoS enforcement.
30 [0072] Service Communication Proxy (SCP) [110] is a network function in the
5G core network that facilitates communication between other network functions
17

by providing a secure and efficient messaging service. It acts as a mediator for service-based interfaces.
[0073] Authentication Server Function (AUSF) [112] is a network function in
5 the 5G core responsible for authenticating UEs during registration and providing
security services. It generates and verifies authentication vectors and tokens.
[0074] Network Slice Specific Authentication and Authorization Function
(NSSAAF) [114] is a network function that provides authentication and
10 authorization services specific to network slices. It ensures that UEs can access only
the slices for which they are authorized.
[0075] Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) [116] is a network function
responsible for selecting the appropriate network slice for a UE based on factors
15 such as subscription, requested services, and network policies.
[0076] Network Exposure Function (NEF) [118] is a network function that exposes capabilities and services of the 5G network to external applications, enabling integration with third-party services and applications. 20
[0077] Network Repository Function (NRF) [120] is a network function that acts as a central repository for information about available network functions and services. It facilitates the discovery and dynamic registration of network functions.
25 [0078] Policy Control Function (PCF) [122] is a network function responsible for
policy control decisions, such as QoS, charging, and access control, based on subscriber information and network policies.
[0079] Unified Data Management (UDM) [124] is a network function that
30 centralizes the management of subscriber data, including authentication,
authorization, and subscription information.
18

[0080] Application Function (AF) [126] is a network function that represents external applications interfacing with the 5G core network to access network capabilities and services. 5
[0081] User Plane Function (UPF) [128] is a network function responsible for handling user data traffic, including packet routing, forwarding, and QoS enforcement.
10 [0082] Data Network (DN) [130] refers to a network that provides data services
to user equipment (UE) in a telecommunications system. The data services may include but are not limited to Internet services, private data network related services.
[0083] Referring to FIG. 1B, an exemplary high-level clock architecture of one 5G
15 NR IMG CA Site [100B], in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of the
present disclosure is shown and referring to FIG. 1C, an exemplary system diagram depicting a system [100C], for synchronizing multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR Integrated Macro gNB with Carrier Aggregation in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. 20
[0084] The system [100C] comprises a transceiver unit [132], a monitor unit [134],
a generator unit [136], a determinator unit [138] and a storage unit [140]. Also, all
of the components/ units of the system [100C] are assumed to be connected to each
other unless otherwise indicated below. Also, in FIG. 1C, only a few units are
25 shown, however, the system [100C] may comprise multiple such units or the system
[100C] may comprise any such numbers of said units, as required to implement the features of the present disclosure.
[0085] Additionally, the monitor unit [134], the generator unit [136] and the
30 determinator unit [138] are processors. The processor may be a general-purpose
processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal
19

processor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP (digital signal processor) core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Field Programmable Gate Array circuits, any other type of integrated circuits, etc. 5
[0086] Also, the transceiver unit [132] includes a transmitter having capabilities to transmit data/signals and optionally also a receiver unit having capabilities to receive data/signals.
10 [0087] The transceiver unit [132] is configured to receive a Primary Reference
Clock signal from at least one of a Global Positioning System (GPS) GPS module [142] or a Precision Time Protocol PTP source [144]. In an implementation of the present disclosure the primary reference clock signal comprises either the GPS NMEA packets or the network PTP packets. This signal comes from either the GPS
15 module [142] or the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) source [144]. Further, the 5G
NR Integrated Macro gNB with Carrier Aggregation (CA) is an integration of following different major components:
1. Integrated baseband and transceiver board
2. RF Frond End board 20 3. Cavity Filter
4. Interface for Band n78 External Antenna
[0088] Further, the GPS module [142] provides a Primary Reference Clock signal
to the system for synchronization. The PTP source [144] refers to a device or system
25 that provides accurate time information to synchronize clocks within a network.
[0089] Further, the monitor unit [134] is configured to continually monitor the
received primary reference clock signal to determine if the primary reference clock
is received from at least one of the GPS module [142] and or the PTP source [144].
30 In an implementation of the present disclosure the ‘monitor unit’ [134] is used for
maintaining synchronization accuracy. By continually monitoring the received
20

Primary Reference Clock signal, it ensures that the system [100C] is always using the most reliable source available, whether it's the GPS module or the PTP source.
[0090] Furthermore, the generator unit [136] is configured to generate a 1PPS
5 output signal and clock based on the determined Primary Reference Clock signal.
In an implementation of the present disclosure this ‘generator unit’ [136] generates a 1 Pulse Per Second (1PPS) output signal and clock based on the determined Primary Reference Clock signal. Once the Monitor Unit [134] determines the source of the Primary Reference Clock signal, the Generator Unit [136] creates a
10 1PPS output signal based on this information. The functionality of GPS module is
fed into GPS Module, that may generate 1PPS output signal and provide packets to network processor (NP1). This 1PPS output signal is a timing signal that generate a pulse once every second and serves as a precise timing reference for the rest of the system. Further, 1PPS signal may carry the network clock phase information.
15
[0091] Now, the transceiver unit [132] is configured to transmit the generated 1PPS output signal to a system synchronizer and designating the 1PPS and clock output signal as the principal input source for phase and frequency synchronization of all associated clock outputs. In an implementation of the present disclosure the
20 transceiver Unit [132] then transmits this 1PPS output signal to the system
synchronizer. This ensures that all associated clocks within the system are synchronized and operating in harmony. The 1PPS may be used as input to system synchronizer IC and may utilize as main input source for phase and frequency synchronization for all clock outputs.
25
[0092] Further the present disclosure encompasses that the system [100C] enters a holdover state upon unavailability of both the GPS signal and the PTP 1PPS signal. The system synchronizer employs an Oven controlled crystal oscillators (OCXO) and Clock oscillators (XO) in a split XO mode to maintain synchronization during
30 the holdover state.
21

[0093] Next, the determinator unit [138] is configured to determine a Time of Day
(ToD) based on the generated 1PPS output signal and forwards the ToD from a first
network processor (NP1) to a second network processor (NP2) without incurring
additional processing delay. In an implementation of the present disclosure an
5 IEEE1588 slave module may be implemented on NP1, that may receive PTP slave
packets and process them to derive 1PPS signal and ToD information.
[0094] Thus, in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure, the system synchronizer keeps on monitoring the presence of input signal. Further the
10 term Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)/ application-specific integrated
circuits (ASIC) within a system synchronizer to achieve precise network synchronization. The system synchronizer monitors the availability of GPS and PTP signals, selecting the most accurate source for timekeeping or entering a holdover state if neither is available. If GPS signal is available, GPS 1PPS is
15 selected as reference input. If GPS signal is not available and PTP 1PPS is available,
it will be selected as reference input. If both signals are not available then system will enter into holdover the second network processor (NP2) acts as a PTP grandmaster, in one example, for 700 MHz RU, utilizing the forwarded ToD for embedding time and phase information into PTP packets. Next, the NP2 employs
20 the ToD and the 1PPS input to incorporate time and phase information into the PTP
packets relayed via a Fronthaul interface, connected to a Radio unit of a 700 MHz band. Further, the Time of Day (ToD) is determined based on the generated 1PPS output signal. By accurately calculating the ToD, it provides essential timekeeping information for various network processes. The Time of Day (ToD) information
25 derived at NP1 is forwarded to NP2 without adding any processing delay. The NP1
and NP2 processors handle network operations and data processing tasks within the system. Furthermore, a PTP grandmaster is implemented in NP2, that may utilize the ToD information, and 1PPS input from system synchronizer to embed time and phase information in the PTP packets on the Fronthaul interface connected to Radio
30 unit of 700 MHz band. Thereafter, configuration and control of system synchronizer
is handled by NP1.
22

[0095] Referring to FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary Input Reference selection logic on 5G NR IMG with CA Site, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. 5
[0096] As shown in FIG. 2, when the system initialisation is complete at step 202, the GPS 1PPS signal is checked at step 204. If the GPS 1PPS signal is available, the method proceeds to step 208, else to step 206. At step 208, primary reference clock is selected and a clock output is generated at step 212.
10
[0097] Alternatively, when the GPS 1PPS signal is not available and the method proceeds to step 206, it is checked if PTP 1PPS signal is available. If the PTP 1PPS signal is available, the method proceeds to step 208 wherein primary reference clock is selected. However, if PTP 1PPS signal is not available, the system enters a
15 holdover state at step 210. Thereafter, the output clock is generated at step 212 using
the OCXO/ XO as described herein above.
[0098] Referring to FIG. 3 an exemplary method flow diagram [300], for
synchronizing multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR Integrated Macro gNB with
20 Carrier Aggregation, in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present
disclosure is shown.
[0099] As shown in FIG. 3, the method starts at step [302].
25 [00100] At step [304], the method comprising receiving, by a transceiver unit
[132], a Primary Reference Clock signal from at least one of a GPS module [142] or a PTP source [144]. In an implementation of the present disclosure the primary reference clock signal comprises either the GPS NMEA packets or the network PTP packets. This signal comes from either a GPS module [142] or a Precision Time
30 Protocol (PTP) source [144]. Further, the 5G NR Integrated Macro gNB with
23

Carrier Aggregation (CA) is an integration of following different major components:
1. Integrated baseband and transceiver board
2. RF Frond End board 5 3. Cavity Filter
4. Interface for Band n78 External Antenna
[00101] Further, the GPS module [142] provides a Primary Reference Clock
signal to the system for synchronization. The PTP source [144] refers to a device
10 or system that provides accurate time information to synchronize clocks within a
network.
[00102] Further, at step [306], the method encompasses continually
monitoring, by the monitor unit [134], the received primary reference clock signal
15 to determine if the primary reference clock is received from the GPS module [142]
or the PTP source [144]. In an implementation of the present disclosure by continually monitoring the received Primary Reference Clock signal, it ensures that the method is always using the most reliable source available, whether it's the GPS module or the PTP source.
20
[00103] Furthermore, at step [308], the method encompasses generating, by
the generator unit [136], a 1PPS output signal and clock based on the determined Primary Reference Clock signal. In an implementation of the present disclosure once the source of the Primary Reference Clock signal is determined, the Generator
25 Unit [136] creates a 1PPS output signal based on this information. This 1PPS output
signal is a timing signal that generate a pulse once every second and serves as a precise timing reference for the rest of the system. Further, 1PPS signal may carry the network clock phase information.
30 [00104] Now, at step [310], the method encompasses transmitting, by the
transceiver unit [132], the generated 1PPS output signal to a system synchronizer,
24

and designating the 1PPS and clock output signal as the principal input source for
phase and frequency synchronization of all associated clock outputs. In an
implementation of the present disclosure all associated clocks within the system are
synchronized and operating in harmony. The 1PPS may be used as input to system
5 synchronizer IC and may utilize as main input source for phase and frequency
synchronization for all clock outputs.
[00105] Further the disclosure encompasses entering a holdover state by the
system synchronizer upon unavailability of both the GPS signal and the PTP 1PPS
10 signal. The system synchronizer employs an Oven controlled crystal oscillators
(OCXO) and Clock oscillators (XO) in a split XO mode to maintain synchronization during the holdover state.
[00106] Further the method also encompasses determining, by the
15 determinator unit [138] a Time of Day (ToD) based on the generated 1PPS output
signal and forwarding the ToD from a first network processor (NP1) to a second
network processor (NP2) without incurring additional processing delay. In an
implementation of the present disclosure an IEEE1588 slave module may be
implemented on NP1, that may receive PTP slave packets and process them to
20 derive 1PPS signal and ToD information.
[00107] The method [300] terminates at step [312].
[00108] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computing device
25 [400] upon which the features of the present disclosure may be implemented in
accordance with exemplary implementation of the present disclosure. In an
implementation, the computing device [400] may also implement a method for
synchronizing multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR integrated macro gNB with a
carrier aggregation utilising the system [100C]. In another implementation, the
30 computing device [400] itself implements the method for synchronizing multi-band
radio systems of a 5G NR integrated macro gNB with a carrier aggregation using
25

one or more units configured within the computing device [400], wherein said one or more units are capable of implementing the features as disclosed in the present disclosure.
5 [00109] The computing device [400] may include a bus [402] or other
communication mechanism for communicating information, and a hardware
processor [404] coupled with bus [402] for processing information. The hardware
processor [404] may be, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor. The
computing device [400] may also include a main memory [406], such as a random-
10 access memory (RAM), or other dynamic storage device, coupled to the bus [402]
for storing information and instructions to be executed by the processor [404]. The
main memory [406] also may be used for storing temporary variables or other
intermediate information during execution of the instructions to be executed by the
processor [404]. Such instructions, when stored in non-transitory storage media
15 accessible to the processor [404], render the computing device [400] into a special-
purpose machine that is customized to perform the operations specified in the
instructions. The computing device [400] further includes a read only memory
(ROM) [408] or other static storage device coupled to the bus [402] for storing static
information and instructions for the processor [404].
20
[00110] A storage device [410], such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or
solid-state drive is provided and coupled to the bus [402] for storing information and instructions. The computing device [400] may be coupled via the bus [402] to a display [412], such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), Liquid crystal Display (LCD),
25 Light Emitting Diode (LED) display, Organic LED (OLED) display, etc. for
displaying information to a computer user. An input device [414], including alphanumeric and other keys, touch screen input means, etc. may be coupled to the bus [402] for communicating information and command selections to the processor [404]. Another type of user input device may be a cursor controller [416], such as
30 a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys, for communicating direction
26

information and command selections to the processor [404], and for controlling cursor movement on the display [412]. This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allow the device to specify positions in a plane. 5
[00111] The computing device [400] may implement the techniques
described herein using customized hard-wired logic, one or more ASICs or FPGAs, firmware and/or program logic which in combination with the computing device [400] causes or programs the computing device [400] to be a special-purpose
10 machine. According to one implementation, the techniques herein are performed by
the computing device [400] in response to the processor [404] executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in the main memory [406]. Such instructions may be read into the main memory [406] from another storage medium, such as the storage device [410]. Execution of the sequences of
15 instructions contained in the main memory [406] causes the processor [404] to
perform the process steps described herein. In alternative implementations of the present disclosure, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions.
20 [00112] The computing device [400] also may include a communication
interface [418] coupled to the bus [402]. The communication interface [418] provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link [420] that is connected to a local network [422]. For example, the communication interface [418] may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card, cable modem,
25 satellite modem, or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a
corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, the communication interface [418] may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, the communication interface [418]
27

sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
[00113] The computing device [400] can send messages and receive data,
5 including program code, through the network(s), the network link [420] and the
communication interface [418]. In the Internet example, a server [430] might
transmit a requested code for an application program through the Internet [428], the
ISP [426], the host [424], the local network [422], and the communication interface
[418]. The received code may be executed by the processor [404] as it is received,
10 and/or stored in the storage device [410], or other non-volatile storage for later
execution.
[00114] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a non-
transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions synchronizing
15 multi-band radio systems within a telecommunication network. These instructions
entail executable code that, when executed by one or more units of the system the instructions facilitates: receiving, by a transceiver unit [132], a primary reference clock signal from at least one of a Global Positioning System (GPS) module and a precision time protocol (PTP) source; continually monitoring, by a monitor unit
20 [134], the received primary reference clock signal to determine if the primary
reference clock signal is received from at least one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) module and the precision time protocol (PTP) source; generating, by a generator unit [136], a 1 pulse per second (PPS) output signal and clock based on the determined primary reference clock signal; and transmitting, by the transceiver
25 unit [132], the generated 1 pulse per second (PPS) output signal to a system
synchronizer and designating the 1 pulse per second (PPS) and clock output signal as a principal input source for a phase and frequency synchronization of all associated clock outputs.
28

[00115] As is evident from the above, the present disclosure provides a
technically advanced solution for a unique circuit and method, that is meeting the
timing and phase requirement of a multi-band (low band and mid band) radio
system while implementing network synchronization and meeting holdover
5 requirements. The proposed disclosure provides the unique system synchronization
method, which synchronize multi-band radio systems. Utilization of either GPS 1PPS or PTP 1PPS as Primary reference timing clock for phase synchronization.
[00116] The technical advancement of the proposed solution is that in
10 implementation of Grandmaster for both low band and mid band when using GPS
1PPS as primary reference timing clock (PRTC). In Implementation of PTP Grandmaster functionality for 700 MHz in the design itself thus eliminating the need of a PTP aware switch for RU700 in the network and hence reducing the effective CAPEX. 15
[00117] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the
disclosed embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made
and that many changes can be made to the embodiments without departing from the
principles of the present disclosure. These and other changes in the embodiments
20 of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, whereby it is to
be understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented is illustrative and non-limiting.
[00118] Further, in accordance with the present disclosure, it is to be
25 acknowledged that the functionality described for the various the components/units
can be implemented interchangeably. While specific embodiments may disclose a
particular functionality of these units for clarity, it is recognized that various
configurations and combinations thereof are within the scope of the disclosure. The
functionality of specific units as disclosed in the disclosure should not be construed
30 as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Consequently, alternative
arrangements and substitutions of units, provided they achieve the intended
29

functionality described herein, are considered to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.
30

We Claim:
1. A method for synchronizing multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR integrated
macro gNB with carrier aggregation, the method comprising:
5 receiving, by a transceiver unit [132], a primary reference clock signal
from one of a Global Positioning System (GPS) module and a precision time protocol (PTP) source;
continually monitoring, by a monitor unit [134], the received primary
reference clock signal to determine if the primary reference clock signal is
10 received from one of the Global Positioning System (GPS) module and the
precision time protocol (PTP) source;
generating, by a generator unit [136], a 1 pulse per second (PPS) output
signal and clock based on the determined primary reference clock signal; and
transmitting, by the transceiver unit [132], the generated 1 pulse per
15 second (PPS) output signal to a system synchronizer, and designating the 1
pulse per second (PPS) and clock output signal as a principal input source for
a phase and frequency synchronization of all associated clock outputs.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprises determining, by a
determinator unit [138], a Time of Day (ToD) based on the generated 1PPS
20 output signal and forwarding the ToD from a first network processor (NP1)
to a second network processor (NP2) without incurring an additional processing delay.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary reference clock signal
comprises at least one of GPS National Marine Electronics Association
25 (NMEA) packets and network PTP packets.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the GPS module further comprises
an IEEE1588 slave module for processing PTP slave packets to derive the
1PPS signal and the ToD information.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in absence of the GPS signal and
30 presence of a PTP 1PPS signal, the PTP 1PPS signal is selected as a reference
input for the system synchronizer.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising entering a holdover
state by the system synchronizer upon unavailability of both the GPS signal
and the PTP 1PPS signal.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the system synchronizer employs
5 an Oven controlled crystal oscillators (OCXO) and Clock oscillators (XO) in
a split XO mode to maintain synchronization during the holdover state.
8. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second network processor
(NP2) acts as a PTP grandmaster, utilizing the forwarded ToD for an
embedding time and a phase information into PTP packets.
10 9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the NP2 employs the ToD and the
1PPS input to incorporate the time and phase information into the PTP packets relayed via a fronthaul interface, and connected to a radio unit of a 700 MHz band.
10. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein configuration and control of the
15 system synchronizer are executed by the NP1 to ensure a consistent time and
phase synchronization across the multi-band radio systems.
11. A system for synchronizing multi-band radio systems of a 5G NR integrated
macro gNB with a carrier aggregation, the system comprises:
a transceiver unit [132], configured to receive a primary reference clock
20 signal from at least one of a Global Positioning System GPS module and a
precision time protocol (PTP) source;
a monitor unit [134], configured to continually monitor the
received primary reference clock signal to determine if the primary
reference clock signal is received at least one of the Global Positioning
25 System (GPS) module and the precision time protocol (PTP) source;
a generator unit [136], configured to generate a 1PPS output signal and clock based on the determined primary reference clock signal; and
the transceiver unit [132], configured to generate the generated 1
30 pulse per second (PPS) output signal to a system synchronizer, and
designating the 1 pulse per second (PPS) and clock output signal as a

principal input source for phase and frequency synchronization of all associated clock outputs.
12. The system as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a determinator unit
[138] configured to determine a Time of Day (ToD) based on the generated
5 1PPS output signal and forwarding the ToD from a first network processor
(NP1) to a second network processor (NP2) without incurring additional processing delay.
13. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the primary reference clock
signal comprises at least one of GPS National Marine Electronics Association
10 (NMEA) packets and network PTP packets.
14. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the GPS module further
comprises an IEEE1588 slave module for processing PTP slave packets to
derive the 1PPS signal and the ToD information.
15. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein, in absence of the GPS signal and
15 a presence of the PTP 1PPS signal, the PTP 1PPS signal is selected as the
reference input for the system synchronizer.
16. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the system synchronizer enters
in a holdover state upon unavailability of both the GPS signal and the PTP
1PPS signal.
20 17. The system as claimed in claim 16, wherein the system synchronizer employs
an Oven controlled crystal oscillators (OCXO) and Clock oscillators (XO) in a split XO mode to maintain the synchronization during the holdover state.
18. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the second network processor
(NP2) acts as a PTP grandmaster, utilizing the forwarded ToD for an
25 embedding time and phase information into the PTP packets.
19. The system as claimed in claim 18, wherein the NP2 employs the ToD and
the 1PPS input to incorporate the time and phase information into the PTP
packets relayed via a fronthaul interface and connected to a radio unit of a
700 MHz band.

20. The system as claimed in claim 12, wherein configuration and control of the system synchronizer are executed by the NP1 to ensure a consistent time and the phase synchronization across the multi-band radio systems.