DESC:FIELD
The present invention relates to systems for supplying oxidants to fuel cells.
BACKGROUND
The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.
It is desired that oxidants should be supplied to a fuel cell for the purpose of carrying out an electrochemical reaction in a manner such that controlled electricity generation can take place. These oxidants may be found in the ambient air. Consecutively, it is also desired that the health of the fuel cell is maintained, while at the same time the fuel cell is isolated. Further, it is desired that when the fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell, any cross-over of hydrogen leakage to the cathode side of the fuel cell is detected.
There is therefore felt a need for a system for supplying oxidants to a fuel cell that caters to the aforementioned requirements.
OBJECTS
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for supplying oxidants to a fuel cell.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system which provides safety isolation, particularly in-situ safety isolation of the fuel cell.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system which controls pressure or flow rate or both, particularly in-situ pressure or flow or both of oxidants supplied.
One object of the present disclosure is to provide a system which can measure redundant and body fused pressure and temperature of oxidants to prevent overheating of the fuel cell.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system which maintains the required humidity conditions in either dry or humid atmospheric conditions using the water generated by the fuel cell.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system which attenuates unwanted gases and particles entering into the fuel cell system which are considered toxic to the fuel cell.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system which detects any cross-over of hydrogen to the cathode side in case of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure envisages a system for supplying oxidants to a fuel cell. The fuel cell has at least one cathode fuel cell stack and at least one anode fuel cell stack. The system being configured to be fluidly connected between an inlet and an outlet of the fuel cell and is further configured to provide the cathode fuel cell stack. The system comprises: an inlet means, configured to take-in air containing oxidants from the ambient; at least one air purification means, configured to be in communication downstream of the inlet means to receive the air and is further configured with at least one adsorbent to filter particulate from the take in air; at least one air flow meter, configured to be in fluid communication downstream of the air purification means and is further configured to regulate the air flow rate; a compressor, configured to be in fluid communication downstream of the air flow meter and is further configured to pressurize the air to a predetermined pressure and temperature; a heat exchanger, configured to be in communication downstream of the compressor to allow compressed air coming out of the compressor to facilitate cooling of the compressed air to a predetermined temperature; and a humidifier configured to be in fluid communication downstream of the heat exchanger to receive cooled compressed air therefrom and is further configured to humidify the cooled compressed air to form humidify cooled compressed air containing oxidants to pass through the inlet of the fuel cell.
In an embodiment, the humidifier is a selected from a membrane humidifier.
Further, an outlet of the humidifier is configured with a plurality of first sensing units selected from a group of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor or any combination thereof. The first sensing units are configured to sense real-time air temperature, real-time air pressure and real-time humidity at the outlet of the humidifier, respectively. The humidifier is configured to humidify air or oxidant to the predetermined desired parameters including desired temperature, desired pressure and humidification level before passing the air through the inlet of the Fuel cell.
In an embodiment, the humidifier is partitioned with a wet chamber and a dry chamber. The wet chamber is configured to be in communication with the outlet of the fuel cell to receive the moisture saturated air leaving the fuel cell, and the dry chamber is configured to be in communication with the inlet of the fuel cell to feed the dry air at the predetermined desired parameters.
In an embodiment, the humidifier is configured with a moisture separation unit and is further configured to to extract the moisture from the saturated air received within the wet chamber of the humidifier. The humidifier is further configured to transfer the extracted moisture to dry air feeding in to the inlet of the fuel cell to facilitate the humidification of the incoming air or oxidant stream.
In an embodiment, the compressor includes a turbocharger in communication with the humidifier, the turbocharger is configured with a plurality of fins. The moist air leaving the fuel cell drives the fins of the turbocharger and converts the kinetic energy of the fin to rotary mechanical energy to drive the compressor. In an embodiment, the compressor is typically an inverter-controlled air compressor, or a combination of compressor and blower.
In an embodiment, the system includes at least one single isolation valve, configured to be mounted at the inlet of the fuel cell.
In an embodiment, the system includes at least one hydrogen detection unit, configured to be mounted at an outlet of the fuel cell and is further configured with a forced ventilation mechanism to facilitate detection of hydrogen leaked from the fuel cell.
In an embodiment, the purification means is configured to adsorption of toxic particles from the air before passing the air through the compressor and is further configured to filter particulate exceeding the predefined size of more than 25 micron.
In an embodiment, the heat exchanger is typically an air-cooled heat exchanger, a liquid cool heat exchanger, intercooler or any combination thereof.
In an embodiment, the system includes a plurality of second sensing units, configured to be mounted at the outlet of the fuel cell and is further configured to monitor real-time temperature and pressure of the air leaving out at the outlet of the fuel cell.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
A system, of the present disclosure, for supplying oxidants to a fuel cell will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates a flow chart representing the working of the system;
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart representing the flow of oxidants from its source to a fuel cell stack; and
Figure 3 illustrates a graphical representation of various functional parameters of the fuel cell having the system of Figure 1.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS USED IN THE DESCRIPTION AND DRAWING:
100 system for supplying oxidants to a fuel cell
10 inlet means
12 air purification means
14 air flow meter
16 compressor
18 heat exchanger
20 humidifier
20A wet chamber
20B dry chamber
22A inlet isolation valve
22B outlet isolation valve
24 Cross Over hydrogen detection unit
26 fuel cell stack
27 Stack outlet Temperature and Pressure detection unit.
28 Stack inlet Pressure temperature and humidity detection devices
29 Heat Exchanger outlet Temperature.
30 Air blower outlet temperature
31 Water injection mechanism for humidity maintenance
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to systems for supplying oxidants to fuel cells.
Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms “a”, “an” and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “including”, “includes” and “having” are open-ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, elements, modules, units and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A preferred embodiment of a system, of the present disclosure, for supplying oxidants to a fuel cell will now be described in detail with reference to Figure 1 through Figure 3. The preferred embodiment does not limit the scope and ambit of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure envisages a system for supplying oxidants to a fuel cell (hereby system-100). The fuel cell (26) has at least one cathode fuel cell stack and at least one anode fuel cell stack. The objective of the system (100) is to provide the cathode side of the fuel cell with humidified supply of oxidants by supplying oxygen or air. The system (100) being configured to be fluidly connected between an inlet and an outlet of the fuel cell (26) and is further configured to provide the cathode fuel cell stack. The system (100) comprises: an inlet means (10), at least one air purification means (12), at least one air flow meter (14), a compressor (16), a heat exchanger (18), and a humidifier (20), operatively connected to each other to supply the humidify cooled compressed air to the inlet of the fuel cell (26). The Figure 1 illustrates a flow chart representing the working of the system.
The inlet means (10) of the system (100) is configured to take-in air containing oxidants from the ambient. The air purification means (12) is configured to be in communication downstream of the inlet means (10) to receive the air and is further configured with at least one adsorbent to filter particulate from the take-in air. The air purification device capable of providing particulate filtration for particles more than 25 micron along with toxic gas particles adsorption. It is preferred that the resultant air has the following gas composition, as shown in Table 1. It is also preferred that such a composition remains equivalent throughout the supply of air.
Gas Specification
Oxygen 20.9% or greater
Hydrocarbons Less than 50 ppm
Carbon monoxide Less than 35 ppm
Carbon dioxide Less than 1%
Ozone Less than 1 PPM
Sulphur compounds Less than 0.3 ppm
Hydrogen Sulphide Less the 1 ppm
NOx Less than 10 ppb
Sox Less than 1 ppb
NH3 Less than 3 ppb
Liquid Water Less than 0.5% with less than 5uS/cm
Inorganics (including salts) Less than 20 ug/cm3
TABLE 1
Further, the air flow meter (14) of the system (100) is configured to be in fluid communication downstream of the air purification means (12) and is further configured to regulate the air flow rate. The compressor (16) is configured to be in fluid communication downstream of the air flow meter (14) and is further configured to pressurize the air to a predetermined pressure and temperature.
In an embodiment, the compressor (16) is selected from a group of compressors (16) typically an inverter-controlled air compressor (16 or a combination of a compressor and blower. The inverter-controlled air compressor (16) is configured to provide enough flow and pressure to pass the air through the fuel cell (26) module.
In another embodiment, the system (100) includes a sensor with at least one air flow meter (14), configured to measure the flow rate and/ or temperature of air received from the compressor (16).
Further, the heat exchanger (18) of the system (100) is configured to be in communication downstream of the compressor (16) to allow compressed air coming out of the compressor (16) to facilitate cooling of the compressed air to a predetermined temperature. i.e. the heat exchanger (18) is configured to allow passage of compressed hot air coming out of the air compressor (16) therethrough. The heat exchanger (18) is configured to ensure cooling of the compressed air coming out from the air compressor (16) so that the down-stream components of the system (100) and the fuel cell (26) do not experience any unwanted and unregulated rise in temperature.
In an embodiment, the heat exchanger (18) is selected from a group of heat exchangers (18) typically an air-cooled heat exchanger (18), a liquid cooled heat exchanger (18), intercooler or any combination thereof.
Further, the humidifier (20) is configured to be in fluid communication downstream of the heat exchanger (18) to receive cooled compressed air therefrom and is further configured to humidify the cooled compressed air to form humidified cooled compressed air containing oxidants to pass to the inlet of the fuel cell (26).
In an embodiment, the humidifier (20) is typically a membrane humidifier (20). The membrane humidifier (20) is configured to transfer moisture from the cathode outlet of the fuel cell (26) to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell (26) based on the difference between the temperature at the humidifier (20) inlet and the temperature at the outlet feed.
Further, an outlet of the humidifier (20) is configured with a plurality of first sensing units selected from a group of temperature sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors or any combination thereof. The first sensing units are configured to sense real-time air temperature, real-time air pressure and real-time humidity at the outlet of the humidifier (20), respectively. The humidifier (20) is configured to humidify air or oxidant to the predetermined desired parameters including desired temperature, desired pressure and humidification level before passing the air through the inlet of the Fuel cell (26).
In an embodiment, the humidifier (20) is partitioned with a wet chamber (20A) and a dry chamber (20B). The wet chamber (20A) is configured to be in communication with the outlet of the fuel cell (26) to receive the moisture saturated air leaving the fuel cell (26), and the dry chamber (20B) is configured to be in communication with the inlet of the fuel cell (26) to feed the dry air at the predetermined desired parameters.
In an embodiment, the humidifier (20) is configured with a moisture separation unit and is further configured to to extract the moisture from the saturated air received within the wet chamber (20A) of the humidifier (20). The humidifier (20) is further configured to transfer the extracted moisture to dry air feeding in to the inlet of the fuel cell (26) to facilitate the humidification of the incoming air or oxidant stream.
Further, the compressor (16) includes a turbocharger in communication with the humidifier (20). The turbocharger is configured with a plurality of fins. The moist air leaving the fuel cell (26) drives the fins of the turbocharger and converts the kinetic energy of the fin to rotary mechanical energy to drive the compressor (16). As a result, the electrical energy required by the compressor (16) to achieve a certain RPM reduces and there by this phenomenon absorbs the kinetic energy of the cathode exhaust. Advantageously, both the humidifier (20) and the turbocharger help in increasing the efficiency of the system (100).
In an embodiment, the system (100) includes a cathode bypass device and humidifier (20) bypass device. The humidifier (20) bypass device is used when there is no need to humidify the air coming to the fuel cell (26) system (100), such a scenario occurs during rainy season. By opening the Humidifier (20) bypass valve, the air goes through the bypass line resulting in less humidification of the air supply.
In one embodiment, the system (100) includes at least one temperature sensor device configured to measure the temperature at the humidifier (20) outlet.
In another embodiment, the system (100) includes at least one pressure sensor device configured to measure the pressure at the humidifier (20) outlet.
In yet another embodiment, the system (100) includes at least one humidity sensor device configured to measure the humidity at the humidifier (20) outlet.
In one embodiment, the system (100) includes at least one single isolation valve (22A, 22B) provided at the inlet of the fuel cell (26). In another embodiment, the system (100) includes at least one single isolation valve (22A, 22B) provided at the outlet of the fuel cell (26).
In an embodiment, the system (100) includes a forced ventilation mechanism. In another embodiment, the system (100) includes at least one crossover hydrogen detection unit (24). In yet another embodiment, the forced ventilation mechanism is provided as an integral unit of the hydrogen detection to facilitate detection of cross-over of hydrogen leaked from the fuel cell (26).
Air flow to the cathode of the fuel cell (26) can be calculated as follows:
1 mole of Air molecule consumes = 4 moles of electron= 4 Faraday of charge = 4*96485 C or A.Second
Percentage of Oxygen in air is 21% therefore charge consumption will be = 4*96485*0.21 C
1 mole of Air = Atomic weight of Air = 28.9647 g/mole
Therefore,
4*96485*0.21 Cor A.Second = 28.9647 g
Dividing both sides by Second(unit time)
4*96485*0.21 A = 28.9647 g/s 1A = (28.9647 g/s) / (4*96485*0.21) of Air flow g/s
for X A=X * (28.9647 g/s) / (4*96485*0.21) of Air flow g/s
Considering the reaction on 359 Cell for X A
Air consumption = [359 * X * (28.9647 g/s) / (4*96485*0.21)] g/s of Air flow
Considering Stoichiometry of 1.8 [ 80% extra Air]
Actual Air flow required = [1.8 * 359 * X * (28.9647 g/s) / (4*96485*0.21)] g/s of H2 flow
The system (100) of the present disclosure is configured to modularize the cathode sub-system (100) with all the components mentioned above with reference fuel cell (26).
The working of the system (100) can be explained with reference to Figure 1 through Figure 4, as follows:
The system (100) is configured to receive the atmospheric pressure air from the ambient. The compressor (16) is configured to act as the primary driver of air received from the fuel cell (26) and as the associated balance of plant component is the air compressor (16). The parameters of air such as flow, pressure and temperature received by system (100) via the air purification device is measured using the air flow meter (14) and/or the pressure sensing device. The outlet temperature of air at the air compressor (16) is measured using a temperature sensor. Thereafter, the hot compressed air is fed to the heat exchanger (18) which brings down the temperature of the air. The temperature sensor provided down-stream, at the outlet of the heat exchanger (18) is configured to measure the temperature of the low temperature air. This low temperature air enters the humidifier (20), more specifically the dry chamber (20B) of the humidifier (20) where the air is humidified and its moisture is increased. The temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the humidity sensor provided at the inlet of the fuel cell (26) stack make sure the air entering inside the fuel cell (26) is at the required temperature, pressure and humidification level.
Air received within the wet chamber (20A) of the humidifier (20) from the fuel cell (26) is hot when compared to the temperature at the humidifier (20) inlet. Further, this air is rich in moisture, typically having relative humidity of +90%. Therefore, it is desired that the pressure and temperature of the stack outlet air is measured first using the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor respectively. Thereafter, the stack outlet air of high temperature and high moisture concentration is fed to the wet chamber (20A) of the membrane humidifier (20). The membrane humidifier (20) transfers the moisture from the saturated air received from the cathode outlet to the dry air passed to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell (26). Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart representing the flow of oxidants from its source to a fuel cell stack.
In an embodiment, the system (100) is configured to use water generated by the fuel cell (26) to humidify the incoming stream of air or oxidants. The residual water is fed to a centrifugal water separator from where it is passed to a compressor (16)-integrated-turbocharger. The system (100) is configured to facilitate consumption of the kinetic energy of the air to decreases the parasitic load of the air compressor (16). Figure 3 illustrates a graphical representation of various functional parameters of the fuel cell having the system of Figure 1.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS
The present disclosure described hereinabove has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of a system for supplying oxidants to a fuel cell, which:
? provides safety isolation, particularly in-situ safety isolation of the fuel cell;
? controls pressure or flowrate or both, particularly in-situ pressure or flow or both of oxidants supplied;
? prevents the overheating of the fuel cell by periodically measuring the redundant and body fused pressure and temperature of oxidants;
? maintains the required humidity conditions in either dry or humid atmospheric conditions using the water generated by the fuel cell;
? attenuate the unwanted gases and particles entering into the fuel cell system which are considered toxic to the fuel cell; and
? detects cross-over of hydrogen to the cathode side in case of a hydrogen fuel cell; and
? is capable of reducing the parasitic loss of an oxidant delivery system by absorbing the kinetic energy of the air exhaust.
The foregoing disclosure has been described with reference to the accompanying embodiments which do not limit the scope and ambit of the disclosure. The description provided is purely by way of example and illustration.
The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.
Any discussion of materials, implants, articles or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.
While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A system (100) for supplying oxidants to a fuel cell (26), the fuel cell (26) having at least one cathode fuel cell (26) stack and at least one anode fuel cell (26) stack, said system (100) being configured to be fluidly connected between an inlet and an outlet of the fuel cell (26) and is further configured to provide the cathode fuel cell (26) stack, said system (100) comprising:
• an inlet means (10) configured to take in air containing oxidants from the ambient;
• at least one air purification means (12) configured to be in communication downstream of said inlet means (10) to receive the air and further configured with at least one adsorbent to filter particulate from said take in air;
• at least one air flow meter (14) configured to be in fluid communication downstream of said air purification means (12) and further configured to regulate the air flow rate;
• a compressor (16) configured to be in fluid communication downstream of said air flow meter (14) and further configured to pressurize said air to a predetermined pressure and temperature;
• a heat exchanger (18) configured to be in communication downstream of said compressor (16) to allow compressed air coming out of said compressor (16) to facilitate cooling of the compressed air to a predetermined temperature; and
• a humidifier (20) configured to be in fluid communication downstream of said heat exchanger (18) to receive cooled compressed air therefrom and is further configured to humidify said cooled compressed air to form humidify cooled compressed air containing oxidants to pass through the inlet of the fuel cell (26).
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, said humidifier (20) is typically a membrane humidifier (20).
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein outlet of said humidifier (20) is configured with a plurality of first sensing units selected from a group of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor or any combination thereof, said first sensing units are configured to sense real-time air temperature, real-time air pressure and real-time humidity at the outlet of said humidifier (20), respectively.
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 3, wherein said humidifier (20) is configured to humidify air or oxidant to said predetermined desired parameters including desired temperature, desired pressure and humidification level before passing the air through the inlet of the Fuel cell (26).
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein said humidifier (20) is partitioned with a wet chamber (20A) and a dry chamber (20B), said wet chamber (20A) is configured to be in communication with the outlet of the fuel cell (26) to receive the moisture saturated air leaving the fuel cell (26), said dry chamber (20B) is configured to be in communication with the inlet of the fuel cell (26) to feed the dry air at the predetermined desired parameters.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein said humidifier (20) is configured with a moisture separation unit and is further configured to to extract the moisture from the saturated air received within said wet chamber (20A) of said humidifier (20).
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein said humidifier (20) is further configured to transfer the extracted moisture to dry air feeding in to the inlet of the fuel cell (26) to facilitate the humidification of the incoming air or oxidant stream.
8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 7, wherein said compressor (16) includes a turbocharger in communication with said humidifier (20), said turbocharger are configured with a plurality of fins.
9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the moist air leaving the fuel cell (26) drives the fins of said turbocharger and converts the kinetic energy of the fin to rotary mechanical energy to drive said compressor (16).
10. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, said system (100) includes at least one single isolation valve (22A, 22B), configured to be mounted at the inlet of the fuel cell (26).
11. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, includes at least one cross over hydrogen detection unit (24), configured to be mounted at an outlet of the fuel cell (26) and is further configured with a forced ventilation mechanism to facilitate detection of hydrogen leaked from the fuel cell (26).
12. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said purification means is configured to adsorption of toxic particles from the air before passing the air through said compressor (16) and is further configured to filter particulate exceeding the predefined size of more than 25 micron.
13. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said compressor (16) is selected from a group of compressors (16) typically an inverter-controlled air compressor (16), a blower or any combination thereof.
14. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said heat exchanger (18) is selected from a group of heat exchangers (18) typically an air-cooled heat exchanger (18), a liquid cool heat exchanger (18), intercooler or any combination thereof.
15. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, said system (100) includes a plurality of second sensing units, configured to be mounted at the outlet of the fuel cell (26) and is further configured to monitor real-time temperature and pressure of the air leaving out at the outlet of the fuel cell (26).
Dated this 03rd Day of June, 2024

_______________________________
MOHAN RAJKUMAR DEWAN, IN/PA – 25
of R.K. DEWAN & CO.
Authorized Agent of Applicant

TO,
THE CONTROLLER OF PATENTS
THE PATENT OFFICE, AT MUMBAI