FORM 2
HE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970) PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR"NTERFERENCE IN TIME-DIVISION DUPLEX
(TDD) NETWORK
APPLICANT
380006, Gujarat, India; Nationality : India
following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed

RESERVATION OF RIGHTS
[001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material,
which is subject to intellectual property rights such as, but are not limited to,
copyright, design, trademark, integrated circuit (IC) layout design, and/or trade
5 dress protection, belonging to Jio Platforms Limited (JPL) or its affiliates (herein
after referred as owner). The owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever. All rights to such intellectual property are fully reserved by the owner.
10 TECHNICAL FIELD
[002] The present disclosure relates to a field of a wireless network, and
specifically, to a system and a method for mitigating interference in a Time-Division Duplex (TDD) network.
DEFINITION
15 [003] As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally
intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used to indicate otherwise.
[004] The expression ‘Time-Division Duplex (TDD) network’ used
hereinafter in the specification denotes a wireless network having a single
20 frequency band that is shared for both sending and receiving data, but not at the
same time. The TDD networks overcome challenges faced by traditional wireless networks, by dividing time into short intervals (slots). During a specific slot, a communication device can either transmit or receive data, but not both simultaneously.
25 [005] The expression ‘aggressor node’ used hereinafter in the specification
denotes a transmitter or the communication device that is intentionally or unintentionally causing an interference (i.e., a TDD self-interference) or disruption to communication within the TDD network.
2

[006] The expression ‘victim node’ used hereinafter in the specification
denotes a receiver or the communication device within the TDD network that is
being adversely affected by the interference or attacks caused by the aggressor
node.
5 [007] The expression ‘Upper Side Lobe Suppression (USLS)’ used
hereinafter in the specification is a technique used in an antenna design to minimize radiation in directions where side lobes could interfere with a main lobe. It typically involves shaping an antenna's radiation pattern or using additional elements to suppress these unwanted lobes, improving directional focus and signal clarity.
10 [008] The expression ‘Time Division Duplex (TDD)’ used hereinafter in
the specification is a communication technique used in a wireless network where a
same frequency band is alternately used for both transmitting and receiving data.
[009] The expression ‘Remote Electrical Tilt (RET)’ used hereinafter in
the specification allows operators to remotely adjust an electrical tilt angle of an
15 antenna without physically accessing a site. The tilt angle of the antenna affects a
vertical coverage pattern of antenna's radiation, influencing a signal propagation
and coverage area.
[0010] These definitions are in addition to those expressed in the art.
BACKGROUND
20 [0011] The following description of related art is intended to provide
background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure,
25 and not as admissions of prior art.
[0012] In a Time-Division Duplex (TDD) network, maintaining separation
between uplink and downlink transmissions is crucial to avoid interference and ensure efficient communication. Typically, in the TDD network with same configuration of uplink-downlink transmission directions, a gap of a Special Sub
3

Frame (SSF) is used to avoid cross-link interference. However, when an
atmospheric ducting phenomenon happens, radio signals may travel relatively over
a long distance, and a propagation delay goes beyond the gap. When the radio
signals travel relatively over a long distance, downlink signals of an aggressor node
5 (e.g., an aggressor base station) may travel over a long distance and interfere with
uplink signals of a victim node (e.g., a victim base station) that is far away from the
aggressor node. Such interference is termed as self-interference, and because of the
self-interference, more uplink signals of the victim node may be impacted. In other
words, the impact of the self-interference intensifies as the distance between the
10 aggressor node and the victim node increases. Farther the aggressor node is from
the victim node, the more pronounced the interference becomes, potentially degrading a quality of the victim's node uplink signals transmission and compromising an overall performance of the TDD network.
[0013] To mitigate this self-interference in the TDD network, a common
15 solution is a SSF configuration change on the aggressor node. The solution has
several limitations, as the SSF configuration change may not mitigate the self-interference caused by the aggressor node at a distance of more than 256 kilo meters (km), and also it may reduce an overall capacity of the aggressor node.
[0014] There is, therefore, a need in the art to improve mitigating of the
20 TDD self-interference caused by the aggressor node by overcoming deficiencies of
the prior arts.
OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0015] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one
25 embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows.
[0016] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a
method for mitigating interference in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) network.
4

[0017] It is an object of the present disclosure to control unnecessary
radiation of an aggressor node (i.e., an aggressor network cell or an aggressor base station) in the TDD network, thereby preventing atmospheric ducting and TDD self-interference.
5 [0018] It an object of the present disclosure to mitigate the TDD self-
interference caused by the aggressor node at a distance of more than 256 km using an Upper Side Lobe Suppression (USLS) mitigation technique.
SUMMARY
[0019] In one embodiment, a method for mitigating interference in a Time
10 Division Duplex (TDD) network is disclosed. The method includes receiving an
aggressor-victim pair data from a TDD interference detection server at a pre-defined time interval. The aggressor-victim pair data includes a list of aggressor nodes with a corresponding interference power and a number of victim nodes impacted by each aggressor node in the list of aggressor nodes. The method includes
15 identifying a set of actionable aggressor nodes from the list of aggressor nodes
based on the corresponding interference power and the number of victim nodes. The method includes determining an antenna type of each antenna of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes. The method includes performing a check to determine whether each antenna supports a Remote Electrical Tilt (RET), based on
20 the antenna type. The method includes determining an electrical tilt for each of one
or more antennas of the set of actionable aggressor nodes based on an Upper Side Lobe Suppression (USLS) mitigation technique, in response to performing the check. Each of the one or more antennas is configured to support the RET. The method includes applying the electrical tilt to adjust a tilt of each of the one or more
25 antenna to a new position.
[0020] In an embodiment, the set of actionable aggressor nodes are nodes with the corresponding interference power associated with a set of victim nodes of the number of victim nodes to be above a pre-defined threshold.
5

[0021] In an embodiment, the electrical tilt corresponding to each of the one or more antennas is determined based on a set of antenna parameters, and the set of antenna parameters includes a gain, a directivity, a radiation pattern, a beamwidth, a polarization, a bandwidth, an impedance, and an efficiency.
5 [0022] In an embodiment, the method further includes monitoring the interference
power of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes, and the set of victim nodes
at the pre-defined time interval, based on the aggressor-victim pair data from the
TDD interference detection server. The method further includes reverting the
electrical tilt of each of the one or more antennas to an original position, in response
10 to monitoring.
[0023] In an embodiment, each of the one or more antennas is reverted to the original position when the corresponding interference power of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes associated with the set of victim nodes is below the pre¬defined threshold.
15 [0024] In an embodiment, the electrical tilt is applied to each of the one or more
antennas to restrict an overshooting of a plurality of upper side lobes of each of the one or more antennas through an atmospheric ducting.
[0025] In another embodiment, a system for mitigating interference in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) network is disclosed. The system includes a memory and
20 a processing engine communicatively coupled to the memory. The processing
engine is configured to receive an aggressor-victim pair data from a TDD interference detection server at a pre-defined time interval. The aggressor-victim pair data includes a list of aggressor nodes with a corresponding interference power and a number of victim nodes impacted by each aggressor node in the list of
25 aggressor nodes. The processing engine is configured to identify a set of actionable
aggressor nodes from the list of aggressor nodes based on the corresponding interference power and the number of victim nodes. The processing engine is configured to determine an antenna type of each antenna of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes. The processing engine is configured to perform a check
6

to determine whether each antenna supports a Remote Electrical Tilt (RET), based
on the antenna type. The processing engine is configured to determine an electrical
tilt for each of one or more antennas of the set of actionable aggressor nodes based
on an Upper Side Lobe Suppression (USLS) mitigation technique, in response to
5 performing the check. Each of the one or more antennas is configured to support
the RET. The processing engine is configured to apply the electrical tilt to adjust a tilt of each of the one or more antenna to a new position.
[0026] In an embodiment, the set of actionable aggressor nodes are nodes with the
corresponding interference power associated with a set of victim nodes of the
10 number of victim nodes to be above a pre-defined threshold.
[0027] In an embodiment, the electrical tilt corresponding to each of the one or more antennas is determined based on a set of antenna parameters, and the set of antenna parameters includes a gain, a directivity, a radiation pattern, a beamwidth, a polarization, a bandwidth, an impedance, and an efficiency.
15 [0028] In an embodiment, the processing engine is further configured to monitor
the interference power of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes, and the set of victim nodes at the pre-defined time interval, based on the aggressor-victim pair data from the TDD interference detection server. The processing engine is further configured to revert the electrical tilt of each of the one or more antennas to an
20 original position, in response to monitoring.
[0029] In an embodiment, each of the one or more antennas is reverted to the original position when the corresponding interference power of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes associated with the set of victim nodes is below the pre¬defined threshold.
25 [0030] In an embodiment, the electrical tilt is applied to each of the one or more
antennas to restrict an overshooting of a plurality of upper side lobes of each of the one or more antennas through an atmospheric ducting.
7

[0031] Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more
apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
5 [0032] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and
constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the
disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same
parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not
necessarily to scale; emphasis is instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the
10 principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components
using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes disclosure of electrical components, electronic components, or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
15 [0033] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture in which or with
which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0034] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a system
configured for mitigating interference in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
20 [0035] FIG. 3A illustrate an exemplary representation of an aggressor node
and a victim node without interference, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0036] FIG. 3B illustrate an exemplary representation of an aggressor node
and a victim node with interference, in accordance with embodiments of the present
25 disclosure.
8

[0037] FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary representation of a radiation pattern
of an antenna, depicting a main lobe and a side lobe, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary representation of a radiation pattern
5 of an antenna with an electrical tilt, in accordance with embodiments of the present
disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 4C illustrates another exemplary representation of a radiation
pattern of an antenna with another electrical tilt, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
10 [0040] FIG. 4D illustrates an exemplary representation of antenna powers
radiating in various directions relative to a horizon, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary detailed flow chart implementing a
method for mitigating interference in a TDD network, in accordance with an
15 embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of a method for
mitigating interference in a TDD network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with
20 which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0044] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more
detailed description of the disclosure.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
100- Exemplary network architecture
25 102-1, 102-2 … 102-N- User 1, User 2 … User-N
9

104-1,104-2 … 104-N- User equipments
106- Network
108- System
110- Entity
5 112- Centralized server
202- Processor(s)
204- Memory
206- Interface(s)
208- Processing Engine
10 210- Database
212- Configuration unit
214- Control unit
700- Example computer system
710 – External storage device
15 720 – Bus
730 – Main memory
740 – Read-only memory
750 – Mass storage device
760 – Communication port(s)
20 770 – Processor
10

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0045] In the following detailed description, a reference is made to the
accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which the specific
embodiments that may be practiced is shown by way of illustration. These
5 embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to
practice the embodiments and it is to be understood that other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments. The following detailed description is therefore not to be taken in a limiting sense.
[0046] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various
10 specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of
embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that
embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific
details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one
another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not
15 address all of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the
problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein.
[0047] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and
is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure.
20 Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those
skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.
25 [0048] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a
thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to
11

obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
[0049] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a
5 process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a
structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the
operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in
parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged.
A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional
10 steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a
procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0050] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to
15 mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt,
the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any
aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not
necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or
designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques
20 known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms
“includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive like the term “comprising” as an open transition word without precluding any additional or other elements.
25 [0051] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an
embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout
12

this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0052] The terminology used herein is to describe particular embodiments
5 only and is not intended to be limiting the disclosure. As used herein, the singular
forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless
the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms
“comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the
presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or
10 components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other
features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0053] It should be noted that the terms “mobile device”, “user equipment”,
15 “user device”, “communication device”, “device” and similar terms are used
interchangeably for the purpose of describing the invention. These terms are not
intended to limit the scope of the invention or imply any specific functionality or
limitations on the described embodiments. The use of these terms is solely for
convenience and clarity of description. The invention is not limited to any particular
20 type of device or equipment, and it should be understood that other equivalent terms
or variations thereof may be used interchangeably without departing from the scope of the invention as defined herein.
[0054] As used herein, an “electronic device”, or “portable electronic
device”, or “user device” or “communication device” or “user equipment” or
25 “device” refers to any electrical, electronic, electromechanical, and computing
device. The user device is capable of receiving and/or transmitting one or parameters, performing function/s, communicating with other user devices, and transmitting data to the other user devices. The user equipment may have a processor, a display, a memory, a battery, and an input-means such as a hard keypad
13

and/or a soft keypad. The user equipment may be capable of operating on any radio
access technology including but not limited to IP-enabled communication, Zig Bee,
Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, Near Field Communication, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi,
Wi-Fi direct, etc. For instance, the user equipment may include, but not limited to,
5 a mobile phone, smartphone, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR)
devices, laptop, a general-purpose computer, desktop, personal digital assistant, tablet computer, mainframe computer, or any other device as may be obvious to a person skilled in the art for implementation of the features of the present disclosure.
[0055] Further, the user device may also comprise a “processor” or
10 “processing engine” including a processing unit. The processor refers to any logic
circuitry for processing instructions. The processor may be a general-purpose
processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal
processor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in
association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific
15 Integrated Circuits, Field Programmable Gate Array circuits, any other type of
integrated circuits, etc. The processor may perform signal coding data processing, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality that enables the working of the system according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the processor is a hardware processor.
20 [0056] As portable electronic devices and wireless technologies continue to
improve and grow in popularity, the advancing wireless technologies for data transfer are also expected to evolve and replace older generations of wireless technologies. In the field of wireless data communications, a dynamic advancement of various generations of cellular technology is also seen. The development, in this
25 respect, has been incremental in an order of a second generation (2G), a third
generation (3G), a fourth generation (4G), and a fifth generation (5G), and more such generations are expected to continue in the forthcoming time.
[0057] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the
components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be
14

appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be
made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the
disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other
embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the
5 disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing
descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.
[0058] The present disclosure provides a system and a method for
mitigating interference (also referred as a TDD self-interference) in Time-Division
10 Duplex (TDD) network. The TDD network corresponds to a Long-Term Evolution
TDD (LTE-TDD) network. The present disclosure proposes an Upper Side Lobe Suppression (USLS) mitigation technique to control unnecessary radiation of aggressor nodes (e.g., an aggressor network cell or an aggressor base station), which causes an atmospheric ducting and resulting the TDD self-interference. More
15 particularly, the present invention provides a system and a method for determining
an electrical tilt for an antenna associated with the aggressor node in the TDD network, i.e., a wireless network.
[0059] The various embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained
in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.
20 [0060] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture (100) in which
or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0061] Referring to FIG. 1, the network architecture (100) may include one
or more computing devices or user equipment (104-1, 104-2…104-N) associated
with one or more users (102-1, 102-2…102-N) in an environment. A person of
25 ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more users (102-1, 102-2…102-
N) may be individually referred to as the user (102) and collectively referred to as the users (102). Similarly, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more user equipment (104-1, 104-2…104-N) may be individually referred to as the user equipment (104) and collectively referred to as the user equipment
15

(104). A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the terms "computing
device(s)" and "user equipment" may be used interchangeably throughout the
disclosure. Although three user equipments (104) are depicted in FIG. 1, however,
any number of the user equipments (104) may be included without departing from
5 the scope of the ongoing description.
[0062] In an embodiment, the user equipment (104) may include smart
devices operating in a smart environment, for example, an Internet of Things (IoT) system. In an embodiment, the user equipment (104) may include but is not limited to, smartphones, smart watches, smart sensors (e.g., mechanical, thermal, electrical,
10 magnetic, etc.), networked appliances, networked peripheral devices, a networked
lighting system, communication devices, networked vehicle accessories, networked vehicular devices, smart accessories, tablets, a smart television (TV), computers, smart security system, a smart home system, other devices for monitoring or interacting with or for the user (102) and/or an entity (110), or any combination
15 thereof. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the user equipment
(104) may include, but is not limited to, intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected devices, that can integrate seamlessly with each other and/or with a central server or a cloud-computing system or any other device that is network-connected.
20 [0063] In an embodiment, the user equipment (104) may include, but is not
limited to, a handheld wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a smartphone, a phablet device, and so on), a wearable computer device(e.g., a head-mounted display computer device, a head-mounted camera device, a wristwatch computer device, and so on), a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a laptop
25 computer, a tablet computer, or another type of portable computer, a media playing
device, a portable gaming system, and/or any other type of computer device with wireless communication capabilities, and the like. In an embodiment, the user equipment (104) may include, but is not limited to, any electrical, electronic, electromechanical, or an equipment, or a combination of one or more of the above
30 devices such as virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, a
16

laptop, a general-purpose computer, a desktop, a personal digital assistant, a tablet
computer, a mainframe computer, or any other computing device. Further, the user
equipment (104) may include one or more in-built or externally coupled accessories
including, but not limited to, a visual aid device such as a camera, an audio aid, a
5 microphone, a keyboard, and input devices for receiving input from the user (102)
or the entity (110) such as a touchpad, a touch enabled screen, an electronic pen, and the like. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the user equipment (104) may not be restricted to the mentioned devices and various other devices may be used.
10 [0064] Further, the user equipment (104) may communicate with a system
(108), for example, a TDD self-interference mitigating system. The TDD self-interference mitigating system may use the Upper Side Lobe Suppression (USLS) mitigation technique to mitigate the TDD self-interference caused by an aggressor node at a distance of more than 256 km. In an embodiment, the user equipment
15 (104) is configured to communicate with the system (108) through a network (106).
The network (106) may include at least one of a 5G network, 6G network, or the like. The network (106) may enable the user equipment (104) to communicate with other devices in the network architecture (100) and/or with the system (108). The network (106) may include a wireless card or some other transceiver connection to
20 facilitate this communication. In another embodiment, the network (106) may be
implemented as, or include any of a variety of different communication technologies such as a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless network, a mobile network, a Virtual Private Network (VPN), an Internet, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), or the like.
25 [0065] In another exemplary embodiment, the network architecture (100)
includes a centralized server (112). The centralized server (112) may include or comprise, by way of example but not limitation, one or more of: a stand-alone server, a server blade, a server rack, a bank of servers, a server farm, a hardware supporting a part of a cloud service or the system (108), a home server, a hardware
30 running a virtualized server, one or more processors executing code to function as
17

a server, one or more machines performing server-side functionality as described herein, at least a portion of any of the above, some combination thereof.
[0066] Although FIG. 1 shows exemplary components of the network
architecture (100), in other embodiments, the network architecture (100) may
5 include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components,
or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture (100) may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture (100).
10 [0067] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram (200) of the system
(108) configured for mitigating interference in a TDD network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The interference may correspond to the self-interference or the TDD self-interference. The TDD network (also referred as the LTE-TDD network) may be the wireless network, such as the 5G network, the
15 6G network, and the like. In order to mitigate interference, the system (108) is
configured to automatically determine and adjust the electrical tilt of the antenna in the TDD network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is explained in conjunction with FIG. 1.
[0068] In an aspect, the system (108) may include one or more processor(s)
20 (202). The one or more processor(s) (202) may be implemented as one or more
microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, edge or fog microcontrollers,
digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, and/or any
devices that process data based on operational instructions. Among other
capabilities, one or more processor(s) (202) may be configured to fetch and execute
25 computer-readable instructions stored in the memory (204) of the system (108). The
memory (204) may be configured to store one or more computer-readable instructions or routines in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which may be fetched and executed to mitigate the interference in the TDD network. The memory (204) may include any non-transitory storage device
18

including, for example, a volatile memory such as a Random-Access Memory (RAM), or a non-volatile memory such as an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), a flash memory, and the like.
[0069] In an embodiment, the system (108) may include an interface(s)
5 (206). The interface(s) (206) may include a variety of interfaces, for example,
interfaces for data input and output devices, referred to as I/O devices, storage
devices, and the like. The interface(s) (206) may facilitate communication of the
system (108). The interface(s) (206) may also provide a communication pathway
for one or more components of the system (108). Examples of such components
10 include, but are not limited to, a processing unit/engine (208) and a database (210).
[0070] The processing unit/engine (208) may be implemented as a
combination of hardware and programming (for example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the processing engine (208). In examples described herein, such combinations of hardware and
15 programming may be implemented in several different ways. For example, the
programming for the processing engine (208) may be processor-executable instructions stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and the hardware for the processing engine (208) may comprise a processing resource (for example, one or more processors), to execute such instructions. In the present
20 examples, the machine-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when
executed by the processing resource, implement the processing engine (208). In such examples, the system (108) may comprise the machine-readable storage medium storing the instructions and the processing resource to execute the instructions, or the machine-readable storage medium may be separate but
25 accessible to the system (108) and the processing resource. In other examples, the
processing engine (208) may be implemented by an electronic circuitry.
[0071] In an embodiment, the database (210) may include data that may be
either stored or generated as a result of functionalities implemented by any of the
19

components of the processor(s) (202) or the processing engine(s) (208) or the system (108).
[0072] In an embodiment, the processing engine (208) may include a
configuration unit (212) and a control unit (214). The processing engine (208) in
5 conjunction with the configuration unit (212) and the control unit (214) may control
unnecessary radiation of aggressor nodes (e.g., aggressor network cells or aggressor
base stations), which causes the atmospheric ducting and resulting in the
interference (i.e., the TDD self-interference). As already known to the person
skilled in art, the atmospheric ducting refers to a natural phenomenon in which
10 certain atmospheric conditions (e.g., a temperature inversion, a high humidity,
geographical features, solar radiations, seasonal variations, etc.) enable radio signals (i.e., uplink and downlink signals) to propagate over unusually long distances. In particular, the processing engine (208) may mitigate the TDD self-interference caused by the aggressor nodes over the long distances.
15 [0073] In an embodiment, the processing engine (208) receives an
aggressor-victim pair data from a TDD interference detection server at a pre¬
defined time interval (for example: at an interval of 30 minutes). The TDD
interference detection server corresponds to the centralized server (112). Further,
the configuration unit (212) of the processing engine (208), analyze the aggressor-
20 victim pair data received from the TDD interference detection server to identify a
set of actionable aggressor nodes.
[0074] Further, the configuration unit (212) determines an antenna type of
each antenna of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes. Once the antenna
type is determined, the control unit (214) is configured to perform a check to
25 determine whether each antenna supports a Remote Electrical Tilt (RET), based on
the determined antenna type. The control unit (214) is further configured to determine an electrical tilt for each of one or more antennas of the set of actionable aggressor nodes based on the USLS mitigation technique. As will be appreciated, the USLS mitigation technique is a technique used in antenna engineering to reduce
20

radiations of electromagnetic energy in undesirable directions, specifically in upper side lobes of an antenna's radiation pattern. In an embodiment, each of the one or more antennas is configured to support the RET.
[0075] Once the electrical title is determined, the control unit (212) applies
5 the electrical tilt to adjust a tilt of each of the one or more antennas to a new position
(for example, a tilt with an increased downward tilt). This is done when an
interference power of the one or more antennas associated with each the set of
actionable aggressor nodes corresponding to victim nodes exceeds a pre-defined
threshold (e.g., -100 dBm for cellular networks), aiming to reduce a radio signal
10 strength reaching the victim nodes.
[0076] Further, the control unit (214) is configured to monitor the
interference power of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes, and the victim nodes at the pre-defined time interval (e.g., 30 minutes) based on the aggressor-victim pair data from the TDD interference detection server. Based on the
15 monitoring, the control unit (214) reverts the electric tilt of each of the one or more
antennas to an original position (e.g., an decreased downward tilt) when the interference power of the one or more antennas associated with each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes falls below the pre-defined threshold (i.e., e.g., -100 dBm for LTE), potentially improving the radio signal strength for certain users
20 associated with the victim nodes. This is further explained in detail in conjunction
with FIGS. 3A – 6.
[0077] Although FIG. 2 shows an exemplary block diagram (200) of the
system (108), in other embodiments, the system (108) may include fewer
components, different components, differently arranged components or additional
25 functional components than depicted in FIG. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one
or more components of the system (108) may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the system (108).
[0078] In an embodiment, the system (108) automatically mitigates an
antenna tilt (i.e., the electrical tilt of the antenna) in the TDD network (e.g., the
21

network (106)) to minimize the TDD self-interference between users (102-1, 102-
2….102-N). The system (108) includes the processors (202) for processing data,
the memory (204) to store instructions, the interfaces (206) for communication, and
the processing engine (208) that analyzes information (i.e., the aggressor-victim
5 pair data). The TDD self-interference detection server (i.e., the centralized server
(112)) constantly monitors the TDD network for the TDD interference between the user equipments (104). Every half hour, i.e., in every 30 minutes, the TDD self-interference detection server sends data (i.e., the aggressor-victim pair data) to the system (108) which includes a list of aggressor nodes with a corresponding
10 interference power, and a number of victim nodes. The processing engine (208)
receives this aggressor-victim pair data and analyzes the aggressor-victim pair data, considering the interference power of each aggressor node in the list of aggressor nodes, and the number of victims nodes. Based on the analysis, the system (108) decides whether to adjust the electrical tilt of each antenna associated with an
15 aggressor node in the list of aggressor nodes to minimize the TDD self-interference
it causes to victim nodes associated with the aggressor node. By identifying and managing aggressor-victim pairs (i.e., the aggressor node and the associated victim nodes), the system (108) optimizes network performance and ensures a better user experience.
20 [0079] FIG. 3A illustrates an exemplary representation (300A) of an
aggressor node (302A) and a victim node (304A) without interference, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3A is explained in conjunction with FIGS. 1 – 2.
[0080] In an embodiment, the interference corresponds to the self-
25 interference or the TDD self-interference. As depicted via the exemplary
representation (300A), the aggressor node (302A) includes a downlink signal, i.e.,
a DL (302A-2) and an uplink signal, i.e., an UL (302A-4). Similarly, the victim
node (304A) includes a downlink signal, i.e., a DL (304A-2) and an uplink signal,
i.e., an UL (304A-4). The DL (302A-2), the UL (302A-4), the DL (304A-2), and
30 the UL (304A-4) corresponds to the radio signals. Further, the DL (302A-2) and the
22

DL (304A-2), and the UL (302A-4) and the UL (304A-4) travels a same distance as depicted via the exemplary representation (300A), hence there is no interference caused by the aggressor node (302A) that is experienced by the victim node (304A).
[0081] FIG. 3B illustrates an exemplary representation (300B) of the
5 aggressor node (302A) and the victim node (304A) with interference (i.e., the self-
interference or the TDD self-interference), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3B is explained in conjunction with FIGS. 1 – 3A.
[0082] As depicted in FIG. 3B, due to the interference, a delay time (302B)
in the aggressor node (302A) may be increased. Further, due to the increased delay
10 time (302B), the DL (302A-2) of the aggressor node (302A) may travel over a long
distance and interfere with the UL (304A-4) of the victim node (304A) that is far away from the aggressor node (302A), as depicted via an interference zone (302B) in the FIG. 3B. In this case, the UL (304A-A) of the victim node (304A) may be impacted by the DL (302A-2) of the aggressor node (302A).
15 [0083] FIG. 4A illustrates an exemplary representation (400A) of a
radiation pattern of an antenna, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4A is explained in conjunction with FIGS. 1 – 3B.
[0084] In FIG. 4A, the radiation pattern of the antenna, depicting a main
lobe (402A) and side lobes (404A) in accordance with an X-axis and a Y-axis is
20 depicted. The radiation pattern illustrates how radio frequency (RF) energy (or the
radio signals) is distributed in different directions around the antenna.
[0085] FIG. 4B illustrates an exemplary representation (400B) of a radiation
pattern of an antenna with an electrical tilt, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4B is explained in conjunction with FIGS. 1 – 4A.
25 [0086] In FIG. 4B, the radiation pattern of the antenna with an electric tilt
(i.e., a tilt 404B) at a zero-degree (0 degree) angle is depicted. As shown in FIG. 4B, at the 0-degree angle, a main beam (or a main lobe) direction (402B) aligns
23

with the X-axis. In other words, the radiation pattern of the main lobe aligns with
the X-axis. Further, a dash line arrow shows increased radiation patterns of the side
lobes. The main lobe and side lobes depicted in the FIG. 4B are generated in
response to the electrical tilt applied at the 0-degree angle. The side lobe 408A
5 which is an upper side lobe (408A), and the side lobe 408B which is a lower side
lobe (408B). The side lobes (408A-408B) in the antenna patterns are smaller lobes
of radiation that occur at angles away from the main lobe (402B). The side lobes
(408A-408B) represent unwanted radiation and can lead to interference and reduced
performance. Minimizing the side lobes (408A-408B) helps in focussing energy in
10 desired directions and improving signal clarity. In particular, minimizing or
suppressing the upper side lobe (408A) helps in mitigating the interference.
[0087] FIG. 4C illustrates another exemplary representation (400C) of a
radiation pattern of an antenna with another electrical tilt, in accordance with
embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4C is explained in conjunction with
15 FIGS. 1 – 4B.
[0088] In FIG. 4C, the radiation pattern of the antenna with an electric tilt
(i.e., the tilt 404B) at a five-degree (5 degree) angle is depicted. As shown in FIG.
4C, at the 5-degree angle, a main beam (or a main lobe) direction (402C) deviates
from the X-axis. In other words, the radiation pattern of the main lobe deviates with
20 the X-axis. Further, a dash line arrow shows the radiation patterns of the side lobes
depicting reduction in the radiation pattern of upper side lobes (404C). This shows that how the electrical tilt (i.e., the electrical tilt at the 5-degree angle) affects a direction and an intensity of the main lobe and the side lobes of the antenna.
[0089] FIG. 4D illustrates an exemplary representation (400D) of antenna
25 powers radiating in various directions relative to a horizon, in accordance with
embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4D is explained in conjunction with FIGS. 1 – 4C.
[0090] As will be appreciated, high-gain directional antennas may be used
in the wireless network (i.e., the TDD network) to concentrate the RF energy of the
24

aggressor nodes. An antenna beam may include a directive main lobe, a back lobe,
and multiple side lobes. The main lobe may provide coverage in a desired cell
region, and the RF energy emanating from the side-lobes and the back lobe may be
undesired and cause the TDD self-interference. The RF energy leaking from the
5 side lobes above the main lobe may directly go toward a sky and is a main candidate
for the TDD self-interference caused due to the atmospheric ducting.
[0091] Moreover, levels of multiple upper side lobes may not be uniform in
the antenna and those multiple upper side lobes levels may vary with different
electrical tilt angles. It may be preferable to have minimum power radiating above
10 the horizon (i.e., a maximum line-of-sight distance) to avoid unnecessary
overshooting of the multiple upper side lobes levels through the atmospheric ducting.
[0092] A following three powers may be considered to determine a power
of the radiation pattern above the horizon corresponding to the X-axis and the Y-
15 axis:
P1: a main lobe power radiating below the horizon,
P2: a main lobe power radiating above the horizon, and
P3: a total power of all the upper side lobes radiating above the horizon.
20 [0093] A total power radiating above the horizon may be determined as a
sum of the P2 (i.e., the main lobe power radiating above the horizon) and the P3 (i.e., total power of all the upper side lobes radiating above the horizon). The total power radiating above the horizon may create the interference, i.e., the TDD self-interference, and the total power radiating above the horizon has to be minimized
25 as much as possible to mitigate the interference.
[0094] Further, antennas deployed in the TDD network may include
multiple ports. Hence, all port's combined power radiating above the horizon has to
25

be considered instead of a single port power. Calculate the total power radiating
above horizon for each electrical tilt angle supported by antenna type. The electrical
tilt at which a maximum USLS (less total power radiating above horizon including
power from upper side lobes) is observed/determined may be a recommended
5 electrical tilt to apply on the aggressor nodes during the interference hours. The
electrical tilt (or E-Tilt) may be determined for each antenna type deployed at aggressor nodes.
[0095] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary detailed flow diagram implementing
a method (500) for mitigating interference in the TDD network, in accordance with
10 an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is explained in conjunction with
FIGS. 1 – 4D.
[0096] In order to mitigate the interference (i.e., the TDD self-interference),
at step (502) during a start, the aggressor victim pair data is received from the TDD
self-interference detection server at the pre-defined time interval, for example, after
15 every half hour, i.e., 30 minutes. The aggressor-victim pair data comprises the list
of aggressor nodes with the corresponding interference power and the number of victim nodes impacted by each aggressor node in the list of aggressor nodes. Further, at step (504), the aggressor victim pair data is processed.
[0097] Further, based on the processing, at step (506), the set of actionable
20 aggressor nodes from the list of aggressor nodes based on the corresponding
interference power and the number of victim nodes. In an embodiment, the set of
actionable aggressor nodes are nodes with the corresponding interference power
associated with the set of victim nodes of the number of victim nodes to be above
the pre-defined threshold (e.g., -100 dBm). In other words, based on the interference
25 power and the number of victims, an actionable aggressor nodes list is prepared. At
step (508), an antenna type of each antenna of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes is determined. Based on the determined antenna type, a check is performed to determine whether each antenna supports the RET, based on the antenna type. In
26

other words, based on the determined antenna type, the check is performed to determine if each antenna supports the RET or not.
[0098] In one embodiment, based on the check performed, when no antenna
or some antennas of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes doesn’t supports
5 the RET as depicted via step (510), then at step (512), the SSF may be used for
mitigating the interference corresponding to those antennas. In another embodiment, based on the check performed, when each antenna or one or more antennas of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes supports the RET as depicted via step (514), then at step (516), the electrical tilt for each of the one or
10 more antennas of the set of actionable aggressor nodes may be determined based
on the USLS mitigation technique and based on the antenna type. In an embodiment, the electrical tilt corresponding to each of the one or more antennas is determined based on a set of antenna parameters. The set of antenna parameters includes, but are not limited to, a gain, a directivity, a radiation pattern, a
15 beamwidth, a polarization, a bandwidth, an impedance, and an efficiency. In other
words, a USLS tilt configuration (i.e., the electrical tilt) may be mapped for each antenna associated with each actionable aggressor node based on the antenna type. In particular, all the RET supported actionable aggressor nodes may be managed by applying the USLS mitigation technique.
20 [0099] At step (518), the electrical tilt is applied to adjust a tilt of each of
the one or more antenna to the new position (e.g., a downwards position at a 7-degree angle of the electrical tilt corresponding to the X-axis). In other words, work order instructions are sent automatically for executing the electrical tilt to the new position. In an embodiment, the work order instructions are sent by the
25 configuration unit (212) (also referred as a configuration engine) to the control unit
(212) (also referred as a control engine) for execution. As already known to the person skilled in art, the work order instructions refer to a set of steps or tasks, for example, applying the electrical tilt determined for each antenna by adjusting the original position of each antenna to the new position, verifying the applied electrical
30 tilt, the monitoring the antenna based on the applied electrical tilt, and the like. In
27

an embodiment, the electrical tilt corresponding to each antenna of each actionable aggressor node may be applied to restrict an unnecessary overshooting of the upper side lobes through the atmospheric ducting.
[00100] After applying the electrical tilt, at step (520) the interference power
5 of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes, and the set of victim nodes is
monitored at the pre-defined time interval, i.e., after every 30 minutes. The set of
victim nodes of the number of victim nodes corresponds to victim nodes that are
impacted by the interference caused by each of the set of actionable aggressor
nodes. Further, the monitoring is done based on the aggressor victim pair data
10 received from the TDD self-interference detection server after 30 minutes.
[00101] Further, based on the monitoring, at step (522), a check is performed
to determine if the corresponding interference power (i.e., a current interference power) of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes associated with the set of victim nodes is below the pre-defined threshold (e.g., -100 dBm). In one
15 embodiment, based on the check performed at step (522), when the corresponding
interference power is determined not to below the pre-defined threshold as depicted via step (524), then step (526) may be executed. At step (526), the corresponding interference power and the set of victim nodes may be monitored again, and step (522) may be re-executed. The corresponding interference power may be monitored
20 based on the aggressor-victim pair data received after every 30 minutes until the
corresponding interference power is determined to be below the pre-defined threshold.
[00102] In another embodiment, based on the check performed at step (522),
when the corresponding interference power is determined to below the pre-defined
25 threshold as depicted via step (528), the at step (530), the electrical tilt of each of the
one or more antennas is reverted to the original position (e.g., the original position at a 0-10 degree angle of the electrical tilt corresponding to the X-axis). In other words, work order instructions are sent automatically for executing the electrical tilt to the original position.
28

[00103] The method automates a process of adjusting the electrical tilt of
each antenna to mitigate the interference issues in the TDD network (e.g., the
network (106)). This process can dynamically prioritize problematic areas, consider
specific antenna types, and fine-tune tilt angles to optimize network performance
5 of the TDD network.
[00104] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary flowchart depicting a method (600)
for mitigating the interference in the TDD network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 is explained in conjunction with FIGS. 1-5.
10 [00105] In order to mitigate the interference (also referred to as the TDD self-
interference) in the TDD network (e.g., the network (106)), initially at step (602), the aggressor-victim pair data is received from the TDD self-interference detection server (same as the centralized server (112)). The TDD network may correspond to the wireless network, such as the 5G network, the 6G network, and the like. In an
15 embodiment, the aggressor-victim pair data is received at the pre-defined time
interval (e.g., after every 30 minutes). The aggressor-victim pair data includes the list of aggressor nodes with the corresponding interference power and the number of victim nodes impacted by each aggressor node in the list of aggressor nodes. Each aggressor node in the list of aggressor nodes may correspond to the aggressor
20 network cell or the aggressor base station. Similarly, each victim node of the
number of victim nodes may correspond to the victim cell or the victim base station. As already known to the person skilled in the art, an aggressor node typically refers to a transmitter or a communication device (for example, base station) that is intentionally or unintentionally causing interference or disruption to
25 communication within the TDD network. Further, a victim node is a receiver or a
communication device (for example, base station) within the TDD network that is being adversely affected by the interference or attacks caused by the aggressor node. Further, as already known to the person skilled in art, the interference power caused by each aggressor node refers to a level of unwanted radio signals (i.e., the
29

uplink and the downlink signals) generated each aggressor node that disrupts an operation of other victim nodes in its vicinity.
[00106] Further, at step (604), the set of actionable aggressor nodes from the
list of aggressor nodes is identified. The set of actionable aggressor nodes are
5 identified based on the corresponding interference power and the number of victim
nodes. In an embodiment, the set of actionable aggressor nodes are nodes with the corresponding interference power associated with the set of victim nodes of the number of victim nodes to be above the pre-defined threshold. In other words, each actionable aggressor node corresponds to a node that has the interference power
10 above the pre-defined threshold, defined for the interference power. The pre-
defined threshold may be based on one or more considerations. In one example, the pre-defined threshold may be defined by system standards applied to cellular networks. In other examples, Quality of Service (QoS), Bit Error Rate (BER), signal to noise ratio (SNR), environmental factors, etc., are considered while
15 defining thresholds. In one implementation, the cellular base station transmission
power may be in the range of 10 watt to 50 watt, that is 40 dBm to 48 dBm. The threshold defined suggested for interference power for cellular networks is in range of -120 dBm to -90 dBm. In another example where cellular networks where low BER is to be maintained, the threshold for interference power is set to minimal. For
20 example, for a BER of 10-6, threshold interference is maintained low enough to
maintain the desired error rate, for example, below -90 dBm. In some examples, QoS is defined by the telecommunication service provider to provide services at defined quality. For example, a wide number of telecommunication service providers set the interference power levels in a range of -88 dBm to -9 dBm to
25 provide services.
[00107] Upon identifying the set of actionable aggressor nodes, at step (606),
the antenna type of each antenna of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes
may be determined. In some embodiments, the antenna type of each antenna is
determined based on network configuration data. The network configuration data,
30 for example, includes coverage requirements, frequency bands, and network
30

topology an Internet Protocol (IP) addressing, a Domain Name Server (DNS)
configuration, a firewall configuration, a router configuration, a wireless network
configuration, and the like. Examples of antenna types include but are not limited
to directional antennas, sector antennas, panel antennas, beamforming antennas,
5 adaptive antennas, omnidirectional antennas, massive multiple input, multiple
output (MIMO) antennas, etc. These antennas may or may not be pre-configured with RET.
[00108] Further, based on the determined antenna type, at step (608), the
check is performed to determine whether each antenna supports the RET. At step
10 (610), based on the check performed, the electrical tilt is determined for each of one
or more antennas of the set of actionable aggressor nodes using the USLS mitigation technique. In an embodiment, each of the one or more antennas for which the electrical tilt is determined is configured to support the RET. The electrical tilt corresponding to each of the one or more antennas is determined based on the set
15 of antenna parameters. The set of antenna parameters includes, but is not limited to,
the gain, the directivity, the radiation pattern, the beamwidth, the polarization, the bandwidth, the impedance, and the efficiency. In some embodiments, based on the check performed, for antennas of the set of actionable aggressor nodes that does not supports RET, the SSF is used for mitigating the interference.
20 [00109] Further, at step (612), the determined electrical tilt is applied to adjust
the tilt of each of the one or more antenna to the new position (e.g., a downwards position at a 5-degree angle of the electrical tilt corresponding to the X-axis). In an embodiment, the electrical tilt is applied to each of the one or more antennas to restrict the overshooting of the plurality of upper side lobes of each of the one or
25 more antennas through the atmospheric ducting. As already known to the person
skilled in art, the atmospheric ducting refers to the natural phenomenon in which certain atmospheric conditions enable radio signals (i.e., the uplink and the downlink signals) to propagate over unusually long distances.
31

[00110] Once the electrical tilt is applied, the interference power (i.e., the
current interference power) of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes, and the
set of victim nodes are monitored at the pre-defined time interval, e.g., after every
30 minutes. The interference power and the set of victim nodes are monitored based
5 on the aggressor-victim pair data received from the TDD self-interference detection
server each time after an expiry of 30 minutes. Further, based on the monitoring, the
electrical tilt of each of the one or more antennas is reverted to the original position
(e.g., the original position at a 0–10-degree angle of the electrical tilt corresponding
to the X-axis). In an embodiment, each of the one or more antennas is reverted to
10 the original position when the corresponding interference power of each of the set
of actionable aggressor nodes associated with the set of victim nodes is below the pre-defined threshold.
[00111] The method (600) offers a dynamic solution for optimizing the TDD
network performance and user experience by automatically adjusting antenna tilt by
15 applying the electrical tilt based on real-time data, i.e., the aggressor-victim pair data
received corresponding to the interference.
[00112] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary computer system (700) in which or
with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[00113] As shown in FIG. 7, the computer system (700) may include an
20 external storage device (710), a bus (720), a main memory (730), a read-only
memory (740), a mass storage device (750), communication port(s) (660), and a
processor (770). A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system
(700) may include more than one processor (770) and communication ports (760).
The processor (770) may include various modules associated with embodiments of
25 the present disclosure.
[00114] In an embodiment, the communication port(s) (760) may be any of
an RS-232 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication port(s) (760) may be chosen
32

depending on a network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system (700) connects.
[00115] In an embodiment, the memory (730) may be a Random Access
Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art.
5 The read-only memory (740) may be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not
limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) instructions for the processor (770).
[00116] In an embodiment, the mass storage (750) may be any current or
10 future mass storage solution, which may be used to store information and/or
instructions. Exemplary mass storage solutions include, but are not limited to,
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or
external, e.g., having a Universal Serial Bus (USB) and/or Firewire interfaces), one
15 or more optical discs, a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage,
e.g., an array of disks (e.g., SATA arrays).
[00117] In an embodiment, the bus (720) communicatively couples the
processor (770) with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The
bus (720) may be, e.g., a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)/a PCI Extended
20 (PCI-X) bus, a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), the USB or the like, for
connecting expansion cards, drives and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects the processor (770) to the computer system (700).
[00118] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g., a display, a
25 keyboard, a joystick, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to the bus
(720) to support direct operator interaction with the computer system (700). Other operator and administrative interfaces may be provided through network connections connected through the communication port(s) (760). The components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should
33

the aforementioned exemplary computer system (700) limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[00119] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the present
disclosure, other and further embodiments of the present disclosure may be devised
5 without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure
is determined by the claims that follow. The present disclosure is not limited to the
described embodiments, versions, or examples, which are included to enable a
person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present disclosure when
combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary
10 skill in the art.
[00120] The present disclosure provides technical advancement related to
mitigation of interference (i.e., a TDD self-interference) that occurs in a TDD
network. The present disclosure provides an automated and an efficient
management technique for managing an antenna tilt to mitigate the TDD self-
15 interference occurred in the TDD network. This in turn minimizes a need manual
intervention required for mitigating an interference event (i.e., a TDD self-
interference event). The present disclosure also provides a real-time data processing
capabilities by enabling a system to analyze an aggressor-victim pair data as soon
as it is received from a TDD interference detection server, hence ensuring the
20 interference event is quickly managed in a timely manner. For this, the present
disclosure allows the system to automatically adjusting an electrical tilt of an
antenna based on real-time interference power received for aggressor nodes to
reduce the interference of corresponding victim nodes. Additionally, the present
disclosure implements dynamic thresholds (i.e., a pre-defined threshold) for
25 reverting the electrical tilt of the antenna based on monitoring of an interference
power (i.e., a current interference power) and the corresponding victim nodes. In
this way, the system ensures that the electrical tilt of the antenna is reverted only
when it is safe to do so, minimizing a risk of recurrence of the interference.
34

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[00121] The present disclosure provides a system and a method to mitigating
interference in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) network (i.e., a Long-Term Evolution TDD (LTE-TDD) network.
5 [00122] The present disclosure controls unnecessary radiation of an
aggressor node (i.e., an aggressor network cell or an aggressor base station), thereby preventing an atmospheric ducting and the interference (i.e., a TDD self-interference).
[00123] The present disclosure mitigates the TDD self-interference caused
10 by the aggressor node at a distance of more than 256 km using an Upper Side Lobe
Suppression (USLS) mitigation technique.
[00124] The present disclosure provides an improved network performance
by dynamically adjusting an antenna tilt by applying an electrical tilt to address the TDD self-interference issues.
15 [00125] The present disclosure provides the system and the method which
reduces the TDD self-interference for impacted users, leading to better call quality and data transmission rates.
[00126] The present disclosure provides an automated and an efficient
management of the antenna tilt, minimizing manual intervention.
20 [00127] The present disclosure provides a dynamic solution for optimizing
wireless network performance (i.e., the performance of the TDD network) and user experience.
35

WE CLAIM:
1. A method (600) for mitigating interference in a Time Division Duplex (TDD)
5 network, the method comprising:
receiving (602), by a processing engine (208), an aggressor-victim pair data
from a TDD interference detection server at a pre-defined time interval, wherein
the aggressor-victim pair data comprises a list of aggressor nodes with a
corresponding interference power and a number of victim nodes impacted by each
10 aggressor node in the list of aggressor nodes;
identifying (604), by the processing engine (208), a set of actionable aggressor nodes from the list of aggressor nodes based on the corresponding interference power and the number of victim nodes;
determining (606), by the processing engine (208), an antenna type of each
15 antenna of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes;
performing (608), by the processing engine (208), a check to determine whether each antenna supports a Remote Electrical Tilt (RET), based on the antenna type;
determining (610), by the processing engine (208), an electrical tilt for each
20 of one or more antennas of the set of actionable aggressor nodes based on an Upper
Side Lobe Suppression (USLS) mitigation technique, in response to performing the
check, wherein each of the one or more antennas is configured to support the RET;
and
applying (612), by the processing engine (208), the electrical tilt to adjust a
25 tilt of each of the one or more antenna to a new position.
2. The method (600) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the set of actionable
aggressor nodes are nodes with the corresponding interference power associated
with a set of victim nodes of the number of victim nodes to be above a pre-defined
30 threshold.
36

3. The method (600) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrical tilt
corresponding to each of the one or more antennas is determined based on a set of
antenna parameters, and wherein the set of antenna parameters comprises a gain, a
directivity, a radiation pattern, a beamwidth, a polarization, a bandwidth, an
5 impedance, and an efficiency.
4. The method (600) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring, by the processing engine (208), the interference power of each
of the set of actionable aggressor nodes, and the set of victim nodes at the pre-
10 defined time interval, based on the aggressor-victim pair data from the TDD
interference detection server; and
reverting, by the processing engine (208), the electrical tilt of each of the one or more antennas to an original position, in response to monitoring.
15 5. The method (600) as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of the one or more
antennas is reverted to the original position when the corresponding interference power of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes associated with the set of victim nodes is below the pre-defined threshold.
20 6. The method (600) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the electrical tilt is applied
to each of the one or more antennas to restrict an overshooting of a plurality of upper side lobes of each of the one or more antennas through an atmospheric ducting.
25 7. A system (108) for mitigating interference in a Time Division Duplex
(TDD) network, the system (108) comprising:
a memory (204); and
a processing engine (208) communicatively coupled with the memory
(204), configured to:
30 receive (602) an aggressor-victim pair data from a TDD interference
detection server at a pre-defined time interval, wherein the aggressor-victim

pair data comprises a list of aggressor nodes with a corresponding interference power and a number of victim nodes impacted by each aggressor node in the list of aggressor nodes;
identify (604) a set of actionable aggressor nodes from the list of
5 aggressor nodes based on the corresponding interference power and the
number of victim nodes;
determine (606) an antenna type of each antenna of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes;
perform (608) a check to determine whether each antenna supports
10 a Remote Electrical Tilt (RET), based on the antenna type;
determine (610) an electrical tilt for each of one or more antennas of
the set of actionable aggressor nodes based on an Upper Side Lobe
Suppression (USLS) mitigation technique, in response to performing the
check, wherein each of the one or more antennas is configured to support
15 the RET; and
apply (612) the electrical tilt to adjust a tilt of each of the one or more antenna to a new position.
20 8. The system (108) as claim in claim 7, wherein the set of actionable aggressor
nodes are nodes with the corresponding interference power associated with a set of victim nodes of the number of victim nodes to be above a pre-defined threshold.
9. The system (108) as claim in claim 7, wherein the electrical tilt
25 corresponding to each of the one or more antennas is determined based on a set of
antenna parameters, and wherein the set of antenna parameters comprises a gain, a directivity, a radiation pattern, a beamwidth, a polarization, a bandwidth, an impedance, and an efficiency.
30 10. The system (108) as claim in claim 7, wherein the processing engine (208)
is further configured to:

monitor the interference power of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes, and the set of victim nodes at the pre-defined time interval, based on the aggressor-victim pair data from the TDD interference detection server; and
revert the electrical tilt of each of the one or more antennas to an original
5 position, in response to monitoring.
11. The system (108) as claim in claim 10, wherein each of the one or more
antennas is reverted to the original position when the corresponding interference
power of each of the set of actionable aggressor nodes associated with the set of
10 victim nodes is below the pre-defined threshold.
12. The system (108) as claim in claim 8, wherein the electrical tilt is applied to
each of the one or more antennas to restrict an overshooting of a plurality of upper
side lobes of each of the one or more antennas through an atmospheric ducting.
15