FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(39 of 1970) &
THE PATENT RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
[See Section 10 and Rule 13]
Title of the invention: A BIOPESTICIDAL COMBINATION
Name of the Applicant: UPL Limited
Nationality: India
Address: UPL House, 610 B/2, Bandra Village, Off Western Express Highway, Bandra East, Mumbai 400051, India
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a biopesticidal combination, a biopesticidal composition, use of said biopesticidal combination/composition and a method of 5 controlling a wide variety of pests.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Infestation by pests threaten health of humans and animals, and causes damage to plants, household pets. Over the years, synthetic pesticides have provided an effective means of pest control. However, extensive use of broad-spectrum synthetic
10 pesticides has created more problems than resolving them. Hence, there is a need to develop a method that reduces the large-scale utilization of synthetic pesticides for crop protection. Among the methods used in Integrated Pest Management, plants and their by-products have played a significant role. The plant-based pesticides have special and varied modes of action, therefore, it is difficult for pests to
15 develop pesticide resistance. These plant-based pesticides generally have features of strong selectivity, low toxicity to human, livestock and natural enemies, and have relatively low development and use costs.
Fatty acids are naturally occurring, readily biodegradable compounds. The salts of certain fatty acids are known to have insecticidal and miticidal properties. Use of 20 fatty acids for controlling infestation by pests has been disclosed in US 5,093,124 and US 5,631,290. The fatty acid salts are toxic to most soft bodied insects and hence are used as bioinsecticides. The fatty acid-based biopesticides generally have the following modes of action:
a) when effectively spread on target insect surface, fatty acid biopesticides
25 dissolve the wax layer on insect cuticle and penetrate the cuticle which leads
to water loss by evaporation from body of insects and eventually death;
b) Fatty acid biopesticides entering via the insect's trachea, may disrupt cell
membranes, resulting in the cell contents leaking from damaged cells; and
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c) They block and obstruct breathing openings or trachea of the pests, which leads to suffocation and death.
Though use of fatty acids as pesticides avoids many of the problems encountered with the use of chemical pesticides, the results obtained are not always satisfactory. 5 To improvise the pesticidal activity of such fatty acid pesticides, one or more adjuvant compounds are added to a pesticidal formulation with an intention to give desirable effect such as for example, pesticide efficacy against target organisms. Scientists have struggled over many years and tried various adjuvant combinations with such fatty acid pesticides to obtain desired results. However, such combinations 10 do not always result in desired effect. It may result in phytotoxicity to crop, adversely affecting the yield and crop quality. Hence, it is very important to carefully select adjuvants that can be combined to offer a desirable effect that would effectively control infestation while having no adverse effects on the crop.
Hence, there remains a need for a pesticidal combination that can effectively 15 control infestation in crops thereby improving yield and plant health.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a biopesticidal combination/composition that effectively controls pest infestation and does not have adverse effects on crop growth. 20 An objective of the present invention is to provide a biopesticidal combination.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a biopesticidal combination which is economic and effective.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a biopesticidal combination comprising a fatty acid component/s; and a botanical extract containing 25 saponin/s.Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling infestation by application of a biopesticidal combination comprising a fatty acid component; and a botanical extract containing saponin/s.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a safe, non-toxic and eco-friendly biopesticidal composition and a method to use the same.
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An objective of the present invention is to provide a biopesticidal composition comprising fatty acid component/s; a botanical extract containing saponin/s; and an agrochemically acceptable excipient.
Some or all of these and other objectives of the invention can be achieved by the 5 way of invention described hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising;
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
10 b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s.
In an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising;
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s,
15 wherein the weight ratio of the fatty acid component; and the botanical extract is in range of 1-1000:0.001-50.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal composition comprising;
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
20 b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling
pests said method comprising applying to a locus of a plant or a plant propagation
material an effective amount of a biopesticidal combination comprising;
25 a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s,
to the pests or to their locus.
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In yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling pests said method comprising applying to a locus of a plant or a plant propagation material an effective amount of a biopesticidal composition comprising;
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
5 b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, to the pests or to their locus.
In one aspect, the present invention provides use of a biopesticidal combination/composition comprising at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; 10 and a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s for controlling pest infestation.
Additional features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description that follows, which illustrates by way of example, the most preferred features of the present invention which are not to be construed as limiting 15 the scope of the invention described herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
Fig. 1 wherein figure la demonstrates visually curry leaves plant infected with Psyllid
and figure lb demonstrates complete elimination of Psyllid within 4 days of
application
20 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Those skilled in art will be aware that invention described herein is subject to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be understood that the invention described herein includes all such variations and modifications. The invention also includes all such steps, features, compositions 25 and methods referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively, and any and all combinations of any two or more said steps or features.
Source of biological material:
Sapindus mukorossi, Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) and Capsaicinoid were obtained from India.
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Definitions:
For convenience, before further description of the present invention, certain terms employed in the specification, examples are described here. These definitions should be read in light of the remainder of the disclosure and understood as by a person 5 of skill in the art. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. The terms used throughout this specification are defined as follows, unless otherwise limited in specific instances.
The terms used herein are defined as follows.
10 As used in the specification and the claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The term "about" shall be interpreted to mean "approximately" or "reasonably close to" and any statistically insignificant variations therefrom.
As used herein, the terms "comprising" "including," "having," "containing," "involving," 15 and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to.
The terms "preferred" and "preferably" refer to embodiments of the invention that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances. In an embodiment, the aspects and embodiments described herein shall also be interpreted to replace the 20 clause "comprising" with either "consisting of or with "consisting essentially of or with "consisting substantially of.
The term "pesticide" or "biopesticide" as employed in the specification unless stated otherwise, means which adversely affects the existence, growth of the target organism. Such means may comprise a complete killing action, eradicate, arresting 25 growth, inhibition, reducing in number or any combination thereof.
The term "pest" as employed in the specification unless stated otherwise, includes insects, arachnids, crustaceans, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, flatworms, roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, tapeworms, trypanosomes, schistosomes, botflies, fleas, ticks, mites, and lice and the likes.
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The term "control" and "controlling" when used herein refers to alleviating or abrogating a disorder, disease, or condition, or one or more of the symptoms associated with the disorder, disease, or condition; or alleviating or eradicating the cause(s) of the disorder, disease, or condition itself.
5 The terms "plants" and "vegetation" include, but are not limited to, germinant seeds, emerging seedlings, plants emerging from vegetative propagules, and established vegetation.
The term "biopesticide" as used herein, unless stated otherwise, shall mean a biologically based pesticidal combination.
10 The term "locus" as used herein shall denote the vicinity of a desired crop in which pest control, typically selective insect control is desired. The term "crop" shall include a multitude of desired crop plants or an individual crop plant growing at a locus.
The term "plant propagation material" or "propagule" is understood to denote 15 generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, vegetative material such as cuttings or tubers, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants, germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion.
20 The term "effective amount" refers to an amount of the present combination or composition that kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired, in an amount not significantly toxic to the plant being treated
The term "C8 to C24 fatty acid component" as used herein means C8 to C24 fatty acid or their salt/s, derivative/s or mixture thereof.
25 "Fatty acids" are compounds of formula RC02H where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Typically, R is a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group. For the purpose of the present invention, R may be a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 23 carbons (i.e. a C7_23 fatty acid). Typically, R is a linear,
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saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 23 carbon atoms, e.g. a linear C7.23 alkane group or a linear C7.23 alkene group.
The term "fatty acid component" is used interchangeably with the phrase "fatty acid/s, or corresponding salt/s or derivative/s; or mixture thereof throughout the 5 specification.
The term "botanical extract" as used herein means an extract prepared by soaking a botanical ingredient in a liquid medium like organic solvents such as alcohol, glycerine, or water to extract the desired ingredient. The botanical ingredient utilized to obtain the extract may be obtained from any of the plant parts including the 10 leaves, pulp, seeds, or stems as well as the whole plant. The botanical extract can be in liquid or solid form.
"Saponin/s" as used herein is at least one naturally occurring saponin compound, as known in the art. When isolated from a natural source, the saponin material/component may be used in its substantially pure form, or may be used 15 as a "saponin-containing extract" (also referred to herein for the purpose of brevity as "saponin extract") isolated by a method known in the art.
The present inventors have arrived at a biopesticidal combination and compositions comprising such a combination that have a desired effect in terms of effective insect control, reduced phytotoxicity to crops, adversely affecting the yield and
20 crop quality. Further, the present inventors have selected an adjuvant that when combined with the present combination offers remarkable control of infestation while having no adverse effects on the crop. The present inventors have found that the biopesticidal combination of the C8 to C24 fatty acid component and a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s, results in an effective control of
25 pests, when applied at the locus of crop plants.
In an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising,
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s.
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In an embodiment, the fatty acid component is extracted as an oil from plant origin or an animal origin.
In an embodiment, the fatty acid component originates from any plant producing such fatty acids, preferably from an organ of a plant producing and/or containing 5 high contents of fatty acids such as seeds. Examples of such seeds include apple seed, argan seed, coconut, colza, canola, corn, cottonseed, grape seed, hazelnut, macadamia, mustard, niger seed, olive, palm kernel, peanut, poppyseed, pumpkin seed, ramtil, rice bran, safflower, soybean, sesame, sunflower, tamarind seed, tea seed and walnut.
10 In an embodiment, the fatty acid component comprises apple seed oil, argan seed oil, coconut oil, colza oil, canola oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, grape seed oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, mustard oil, niger seed oil, olive oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, poppyseed oil, pumpkin seed oil, ramtil oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, tamarind seed oil, tea seed oil and walnut
15 oil.
In an embodiment, the fatty acid component comprises sunflower oil.
In an embodiment, the C8 to C24 fatty acid component is selected from saturated or unsaturated fatty acid/s or their corresponding salt/s, derivative/s or mixture thereof.
20 In an embodiment, the C12 to C20 fatty acid component is selected from saturated or unsaturated fatty acid/s or their corresponding salt/s, derivative/s or mixture thereof.
In an embodiment, the C8 to C24 fatty acid component further includes fatty acid/s, its salt/s and/or fatty acid derivative/s such as esters or amides of the fatty 25 acid/s.
In an embodiment, the C8 to C24 fatty acid component is a salt, an ester of the fatty acid/s or mixture thereof.
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According to an embodiment, the C8 to C24 fatty acid component comprises a salt of a C8 to C24 fatty acid/s.
In an embodiment, the C8 to C24 fatty acid component comprises one or more of palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), oleic acid (C9), linoleic acid (C18), linolenic acid 5 (C18) palmitoleic acid (C16), vaccenic acid (C18), paullinic acid (C20), elaidic acid (C18), or derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the C8 to C24 fatty acid component comprises one or more of palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), oleic acid (C9), linoleic acid (C18), linolenic acid (C18), or derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof.
10 In an embodiment, C8 to C24 fatty acid component prepared by following known methods.
In an embodiment, the C8 to C24 fatty acid component comprises a salt of C8 to C24 fatty acids obtained by saponification of an oil.
In an embodiment, the C8 to C24 fatty acid component comprises a salt of C8 to 15 C24 fatty acid obtained by saponification of sunflower oil.
In an embodiment, saponification of sunflower oil is achieved in-situ by treatment with a base and an alcohol.
The base may be selected from, but not limited to, alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates. The alcohol may be selected from, but not 20 limited to, Cr C5 alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and so on.
The salt is a metal salt of the C8 to C24 fatty acid/s. The metal salts are alkali and alkaline earth metal salt, but also comprise aluminium, copper, iron and zinc salts.
The alkali metal salts of C8 to C24 fatty acids include sodium, potassium or lithium 25 salts of fatty acid/s. Preferably, sodium or potassium salt of fatty acid/s is used.
The combination of present invention may therefore comprise one or more C8 to C24 fatty acid/s; or sodium or potassium salts thereof.
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The earth alkali metal salts of C8 to C24 fatty acid/s include magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium salts.
The combination of present invention may therefore comprise one or more C8 to C24 fatty acid/s; or magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium salts thereof.
5 Alternatively, or in addition, the combination may comprise one or more C8 to C24 fatty acid/s; or aluminium, copper, iron or zinc salts thereof.
Such salts may be formed by reacting the one or more C8 to C24 fatty acids with a base comprising the desired metal cation, for instance by reacting one or more fatty acids with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, in case of alkali metals, 10 magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide for earth alkali metals, or aluminium hydroxide, copper hydroxide, zinc hydroxide or iron hydroxide for other metals.
According to an embodiment, the biopesticidal combination comprises a botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s.
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract comprises from about 1% (w/w) 15 to about 50% (w/w) of saponin/s.
According to another embodiment, the botanical extract comprises from about 1% (w/w) to about 45% (w/w) of saponin/s.
According to yet another embodiment, the botanical extract comprises from about 1% (w/w) to about 30%(w/w) of saponin/s.
20 According to another embodiment, the botanical extract comprises from about 5% (w/w) to about 30%(w/w) of saponin/s.
According to yet another embodiment, the sbotanical extract comprises from about 10% (w/w) to about 30%(w/w) of saponin/s
According to yet another embodiment, the botanical extract comprises from about 25 15% (w/w) to about 30%(w/w) of saponin/s.
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract comprises 20% (w/w) of saponin.
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract comprises 27% (w/w) of saponin.
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Saponin/s are naturally occurring glycosides found in abundance in the plant kingdom.
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract may originate from any plant such as sugar beet, chickpea, asparagus, strawberry and plum fruit, Acacia 5 concinna (shikakai), soyabeans, beans, peas (Pisum sativum), lucerne, tea, spinach, quinoa, liquorice, sunflower, horse chestnut, ginseng, oats, capsicum peppers, aubergine, tomato seed, alliums, yam, fenugreek, yucca, lucerne, Bupleurum falcatum, Camellia oleifera, Camellia sinensis, Desmodium adscendens, Gypsophila, Panax quinqufolius, Panax japonicas,Quillaja saponaria, Sapindus delavayi, Sapindus 10 mukorossi (reetha), Sapindus marginatus, Sapindus saponaria, Sapindus trifoliatus, Saponaria officinalis, and the likes, or any mixture thereof.
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract of Sapindus mukorossi (reetha), liquorice plants or mixture thereof.
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract is obtained from Sapindus 15 mukorossi (reetha).
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract is obtained from liquorice plants.
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract is obtained from plants source by conventionally known methods.
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract used is saponin-containing 20 extract.
According to an embodiment, the botanical extract is obtained by various known extraction techniques such as, but not limited to, solvent extraction, steam distillation and super critical carbon-dioxide extraction of various parts of plants.
According to an embodiment, the biopesticidal combination may further comprise 25 agriculturally acceptable excipient/ carriers can be selected from one or more adjuvants, diluents, emulsifiers, fillers, anti-foaming agents, thickening agents, anti-freezing agents, freezing agents, a surfactant, a preservative, a coloring agent, a pH adjusting agent, dispersing agent, wetting agent and solvent. However, it should
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be appreciated that any other agriculturally acceptable excipients, as known to a person skilled in the art, may be used to serve its intended purpose.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal combination further comprises an adjuvant.
In an embodiment, the adjuvant comprises capsaicinoid/s. 5 In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising
a) sunflower oil comprising at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s, and
c) a capsaicinoid/s.
10 In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising
a) sunflower oil comprising at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract of Sapindus mukorossi comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s, and
15 c) a capsaicinoid/s.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising
a) sunflower oil comprising at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract of liquorice comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s, and 20 c) a capsaicinoid/s.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s
25 wherein the weight ratio of the fatty acid component; and the botanical extract is in range of 1-1000:0.001-50.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
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b) a botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s, wherein the weight ratio of the fatty acid component and the botanical extract is ranging from 1-100:0.01-10.
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal 5 combination comprising
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s,
wherein the weight ratio of the fatty acid component and the botanical extract is ranging from 1-50:0.1-1.
10 According to an embodiment, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising
a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of at least one C8 to C24 fatty
acid component; and
b) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) of a botanical extract
15 containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s.
According to an embodiment, there is provided a biopesticidal combination comprising
a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of at least one C8 to C24 fatty
acid component;
20 b) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) of a botanical extract
containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) from about 0.001% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) of a capsaicinoid/s.
It has been found by the present inventors that C8 to C24 fatty acid component and the botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s when applied 25 individually, was not very effective in the control of insects, but demonstrated excellent control when applied together.
According to an embodiment, the biopesticidal combination of present invention exhibits excellent control and is useful for controlling pests and for protecting agriculture, olericulture, floriculture, horticulture, medicinal and economic plants.
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In an embodiment, the combination according to present invention is bioinsecticidal combination.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal
composition comprising
5 a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% saponin/s; and
c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of C8 to C24 fatty acid component based on the total weight 10 of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 1% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of C8 to C24 fatty acid component based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 5% (w/w) 15 to about 75% (w/w) of C8 to C24 fatty acid component based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 10% (w/w) to about 70% (w/w) of C8 to C24 fatty acid component based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
20 In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 10% (w/w) to about 60% (w/w) of C8 to C24 fatty acid component based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 10% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w) of C8 to C24 fatty acid component based on the total weight 25 of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) of a botanical extract based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
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In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) of a botanical extract based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 0.05% (w/w) 5 to about 5% (w/w) of a botanical extract based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 3% (w/w) of a botanical extract based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
10 In an embodiment, there is provided biopesticidal composition comprising
a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) of a botanical extract comprising at least 1% saponin/s; and
15 c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises agriculturally acceptable excipient/s selected from, but not limited to, adjuvants, carriers, diluents, emulsifiers, fillers, anti- foaming agents, thickening agents, anti-freezing agents, freezing agents, surfactants, preservatives, coloring agents, pH adjusting agent, 20 dispersing agents, wetting agents, solvents etc.
The excipients may be either solid or liquids. They can also be provided as a pre-mix or tank mix partners.
In an embodiment, the combinations and compositions according to the invention can be converted into customary formulations, typically by mixing the actives in 25 the composition with an inert carrier and adding surfactants and other adjuvants and carriers as needed.
The combinations can be formulated into solid, or liquid formulations, including but not limited to wettable powders, granules, dusts, Soluble (liquid) concentrates, suspension concentrates, oil in water emulsion, water in oil emulsion, emulsifiable
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concentrates, capsule suspensions, ZC formulations, oil dispersions or other known formulation types. The composition may also be used for treatment of a plant propagation material such as seeds etc. These formulations are produced in the known manner, for example by mixing the active compound (s) with suitable 5 extenders, that is, liquid solvents and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is, emulsifiers and/or dispersants.
The compositions of the invention may thus be formulated as: a water-soluble concentrate (SL), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), an emulsion (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), a suspension concentrate (SO, an oil-based suspension concentrate 10 (OD), a flowable suspension (FS), a water-dispersible granule (WG), a water-soluble granule (SG), a water-dispersible powder (WP), a water soluble powder (SP), a granule (GR), an encapsulated granule (CG), a fine granule (FG), a macrogranule (GG), an aqueous suspo-emulsion (SE), a micro-encapsulated suspension (CS), and a microgranule (MG).
15 In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition is selected from powder for dry soil application (DS), granule/soil applied (GR), Controlled (slow or fast) release granules (CR), or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), water soluble granule (SG), water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), or wettable granules or soil applied granules (SAG).
20 The compositions of the present invention can be applied in a variety of ways known to those skilled in the art, at various concentrations. The compositions are useful in preventing, controlling and/or treating insect, nematode and fungal infestations in plants, plant parts and/or surroundings by preemergence or postemergence application to plants, plant parts and/or surroundings is desired.
25 In an embodiment, agriculturally acceptable excipient is selected from a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant or an adjuvant.
In an embodiment, suitable agriculturally acceptable excipient may include, but are not limited to, ionic, anionic or non-ionic surfactants.

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Suitable agriculturally acceptable excipient may include, but are not limited to, crop oil concentrates; methylated seed oils, emulsified methylated seed oil, nonylphenol ethoxylate; benzylcocoalkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium salt; blend of petroleum hydrocarbon, alkyl esters, organic acid, and anionic surfactant; C9-Cn 5 alkylpolyglycoside; phosphated alcohol ethoxylate; natural primary alcohol (C12- C16) ethoxylate; di-sec-butylphenol EO-PO block copolymer; polysiloxane-methyl cap; nonylphenol ethoxylate, urea ammonium nitrate; tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylate; tallow amine ethoxylate ; PEG(400) dioleate-99, alkyl sulfates, such as diethanolammonium lauryl sulfate; alkylarylsulfonate salts, such as calcium
10 dodecylbenzenesulfonate; alkylether sulfate salts, such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate, alkylphenol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as nonylphenol- C16 ethoxylate; alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecyl alcohol CrC16 ethoxylate; soaps, such as sodium stearate; alkyl- naphthalene-sulfonate salts, such as sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate; dialkyl esters of sulfosuccinate salts, such
15 as sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate; quaternary amines, such as lauryl trimethylammonium chloride; polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; salts of mono and dialkyl phosphate esters; vegetable or seed oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed/canola oil, olive oil, castor
20 oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil and the like; and esters of the above vegetable oils, methyl esters and the like; Castor oil ethoxylates.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises anionic surfactant selected from group comprising of alkylether sulfate salts, 25 alkylarylsulfonate salts or combinations thereof.
The alkylether sulfate salts, such as sodium lauryl ether sulfate, alkylarylsulfonate salts, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate are used.
In an embodiment, the composition comprises from about 0.1% (w/w) to 10% (w/w) about of anionic surfactant based on the total weight of the biopesticidal 30 composition.

18

In an embodiment, the composition comprises from about 0.1% (w/w) to 5% (w/w) about of anionic surfactant based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the composition comprises from about 0.5% (w/w) to 3% (w/w) 5 about of anionic surfactant based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises non-ionic surfactant selected from group comprising of alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, Castor oil ethoxylates, sorbitol 10 esters or combinations thereof.
The alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, such as tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylate; polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, such as polyethylene glycol stearate; Castor oil ethoxylates or sorbitol esters, such as sorbitol oleate are used.
In an embodiment, the composition comprises from about 1% (w/w) to about 30% 15 (w/w) of non-ionic surfactant based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the composition comprises from about 1% (w/w) to about 20% (w/w) of non-ionic surfactant based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
20 In an embodiment, the composition comprises from about 5% (w/w) to about 15% (w/w) of non-ionic surfactant based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
Suitable liquid carriers that may be employed in a composition of the present invention may include water or organic solvents. The organic solvents include, but 25 are not limited to, petroleum fractions or hydrocarbons such as mineral oil, aromatic solvents, paraffinic oils, and the like; vegetable oils such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil and the like; esters of the above vegetable oils; esters of monoalcohols or dihydric, trihydric, or

19

other lower polyalcohols (4-6 hydroxy containing), such as 2-ethyl hexyl stearate, n-butyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol dioleate, di-octyl succinate, di-butyl adipate, di-octyl phthalate and the like; esters of mono, di and polycarboxylic acids and the like. Organic solvents include, but are not limited to toluene, xylene, 5 petroleum naphtha, crop oil, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerine, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N,N-dimethyl alkylamides, dimethyl 10 sulfoxide.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises water, propylene glycol or mixture thereof, as liquid carrier.
In an embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is an adjuvant.
In an embodiment, the adjuvant comprises Capsaicinoid/s.
15 "Capsaicinoid/s" used herein is at least one capsaicinoid including capsaicin and related alkaloids, as known in the art.
Capsaicinoid/s are alkaloids present in Capsicum plant species which
are secondary metabolites that impart a distinct spicy or pungent flavor in fruits/vegetables. Capsaicinoid/s includes capsaicin as one of the major 20 components. Capsaicin, chemically called trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide, is the abundant compound in Capsicum species corresponding to more than 50% of the total capsaicinoids.
Capsaicinoid/s when isolated from a natural source, may be used in its substantially pure form, or may be used as a "capsaicinoid-containing extract" (also referred to 25 herein for the purpose of brevity as "capsaicinoid extract") obtained by a method known in the art.
In an embodiment, the capsaicinoid/s is in form of crystalline powder.
In an embodiment, the capsaicinoid/s is in form of oleoresin.
20

In an embodiment, the capsaicinoid/s is capsaicin.
In an an embodiment, the capsaicin is synthetic or of natural origin.
In an embodiment, the capsaicin is in its substantially pure form.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 0.001% 5 (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) a capsaicinoid/s based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 0.001% (w/w) to about 3% (w/w) a capsaicinoid/s based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
10 In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 1% (w/w) a capsaicinoid/s based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
In an embodiment, the biopesticidal composition comprises about 0.05% (w/w) of capsaicinoid/s based on the total weight of the biopesticidal composition.
15 In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal composition comprising,
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) an adjuvant.
20 In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal composition comprising,
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) capsaicinoid/s.
25 In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal composition comprising,
a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
21

b) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) about 0.001% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) of capsaicinoid/s
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal 5 composition comprising,
a) from about 10% (w/w) to about 60% (w/w) of at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) from about 0.05% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
10 c) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 1% (w/w) of capsaicinoid/s
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a biopesticidal composition comprising,
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; 15 c) capsaicinoid/s; and
d) an agriculturally acceptable excipient
In an embodiment, the weight ratio of the fatty acid component, saponin/s and the capsaicinoid/s is in range of 1-1000:0.001-50:0.0001-1.5.
20 In an embodiment, there is provided a biopesticidal composition comprising
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component ;
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s;
c) capsaicinoid/s; and
d) an agriculturally acceptable excipient;
25 wherein the weight ratio of the fatty acid component, saponin/s and the capsaicinoid/s is in range of 1-1000:0.001-50:0.0001-1.5.
In an embodiment, there is provided a composition comprising
a) a C8 to C24 fatty acid component comprising potassium salt of fatty acid/s
b) a botanical extract comprising about 1% to 50% (w/w) of saponin/s; 30 c) capsaicinoid/s; and
22

d) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
In an embodiment, there is provided a composition comprising
a) a C8 to C24 fatty acid component comprising potassium salt of fatty acid/s
b) a botanical extract comprising about 1% to 30% (w/w) of saponin/s; 5 c) capsaicinoid/s; and
d) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention may further comprise at least one other active ingredient selected from the group consisting of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, biological agents, plant growth activators, fertilizers or 10 combinations thereof.
In an embodiment, the composition according to present invention is bioinsecticidal composition.
In an embodiment, there is provided a process for preparation of a composition
according to present invention, comprising steps of
15 a) preparing an organic phase comprising a C8 to C24 fatty acid component,
b) preparing an aqueous phase comprising a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) mixing the organic phase of step a) with the aqueous phase of step b) at a temperature ranging from about 30°C to about 100°C.
20 In an embodiment, the organic phase comprising C8 to C24 fatty acid component is prepared by hydrolysing a suitable oil in presence of a base, optionally in presence of surfactant and/or diluent.
In an embodiment, the botanical extract is an aqueous extract, prepared by various conventional extraction techniques.
25 In an embodiment, the composition according to present invention is prepared by mixing the fatty acid component and botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s in ratio of 1-1000:0.001-50.
23

In an embodiment, the composition according to present invention is prepared by mixing the fatty acid component and botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s in ratio of 1-100:0.01-10.
In an embodiment, the composition according to present invention is prepared by 5 mixing the fatty acid component and botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s in ratio of 1-50:0.1-1.
In an embodiment, step c) further comprises adding agrochemical excipient/s.
In an embodiment, at least one of the agrochemical excipient added is an adjuvant.
In an embodiment, the adjuvant comprises capsaicinoid/s.
10 In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling unwanted pests comprising applying an effective amount of a biopesticidal combination comprising
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract containing at least 1% w/w saponin/s
15 to the pests or to their locus.
The pesticidal combination may be applied at locus of infestation in a pesticidally effective amount. The selection of appropriate effective amount depends on density of pest infestation, weather patterns, crop health and many other factors, which may be made conveniently by a person skilled in the art. The effective amounts 20 of these ingredients in the combination of the present invention are not particularly limiting.
In an embodiment, it was found that the precise ratio or quantities of the ingredients in the present invention was not particularly critical to achieve the desired effect.
In an embodiment, the combination of the present invention is used to target soft-25 bodied sucking insect pests and early instar lepidopteran pest.
The combination of the present invention is used to target all pests such as mealy bugs, thrips, white flies, mites, aphids, Taiwanese thrips, scale insects, citrus psylids & plant hoppers.
24

Thus, in another aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising applying a biopesticidal combination comprising
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
5 b) a botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s,
to the pests or to their locus.
In an embodiment, the individual components of the combination of the present invention may be applied to the locus either simultaneously or sequentially, such that at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component and the botanical extract containing 10 at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s may be applied in a tank mix or as a pre-mixed composition.
The method of control of the present invention may be carried out by spraying the suggested tank mixes, or the individual components may be formulated as a kit-of- parts containing various components that may be mixed as instructed prior 15 to spraying.
In an embodiment the components of the present invention may be packaged such that at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component and the botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s may be packaged separately and then tank mixed before the spraying.
20 In another embodiment the components of the present invention may be packaged such that C8 to C24 fatty acid component and botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s may be packaged separately, whereas other agriculturally acceptable excipient/ carriers are packaged separately, such that the two maybe tank mixed at the time of spraying.
25 In another embodiment the components of the present invention may be packaged as composition such that C8 to C24 fatty acid component and botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s may be formulated into one composition and other agriculturally acceptable excipient/ carriers are packaged separately, such that the two maybe tank mixed at the time of spraying.
25

In an embodiment, the pesticidal combination according to present invention is insecticidal combination.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling unwanted pests said method comprising applying an effective amount 5 of a pesticidal composition comprising
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) a botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, to the pests or to their locus.
10 In an embodiment, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is adjuvant.
In an embodiment, the adjuvant used is capsaicinoid/s.
In an embodiment, the combination of the present invention may be applied as foliar sprays, ground or applications to plant propagation materials, preferably seed applications.
15 According to an embodiment, the mode of application of the pesticide combination of present invention incudes spraying such as foliar sprays and sprays to be applied to the plant shoots.
In an embodiment, the mode of application of the pesticide combination of present invention is by foliar spray.
20 The decision as to when to apply the effective amount of a pesticidal composition or number of times the composition is to be applied was made based on the IPM Guidelines and recommended economic threshold levels of that particular pest.
The pesticidal composition according to present invention can be applied multiple times without distressing about problems faced while using chemical pesticides such 25 as development of resistance in pest to pesticides, pesticides residues, destruction of beneficial insects and the outbreak of secondary pests. The biopesticidal composition according to present invention overcomes all the above-described problems.
26

In an embodiment, pesticidal composition is applied 1 to 5 times in with an interval of 5 to 20 days.
In an embodiment, the constituent of the pesticidal combination of the present invention may be admixed in ratio of 1-1000:0.001-50:0.0001-1.5 of fatty acid 5 component with saponin/s and capsaicinoid/s.
In an embodiment, the constituent of the pesticidal combination of the present invention may be admixed in ratio of 1-100:0.01-10:0.001-1.0 of fatty acid component with saponin/s and capsaicinoid/s.
In an embodiment, the constituent of the pesticidal combination of the present 10 invention may be admixed in ratio of 1-50:0.1-1:0.01-1.0 of fatty acid component with saponin/s and capsaicinoid/s.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of
controlling unwanted pests comprising applying an effective amount of a
bioinsecticidal composition comprising
15 a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) a botanical extract containing at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) capsaicinoid/s; and
d) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient to the pests or to their locus.
20
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treatment of seed/plant propagation material thereof, wherein the method comprises applying to the seed/plant propagation material thereof an effective amount of a biopesticidal composition according to present invention.
25
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for increasing plant growth and yield, wherein the method comprises applying to the seed/plant propagation material thereof an effective amount of a biopesticidal composition according to present invention.
27

The invention shall now be described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that the example(s) appended below illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the present 5 invention.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Preparation of Botanical Extract from Sapindus mukorossi (Reetha)
Commercially available powdered seeds of Sapindus mukorossi (Reetha) and water 10 were taken in ratio of 1:4 and were heated to 50-60°C for 4-5 hours. The mixture was then filtered and concentrated to obtain a botanical Extract of Sapindus mukorossi (Reetha).
Example 2
Example 2(a): Analysis of saponin/s in botanical Extract from Sapindus mukorossi 15 (Reetha)
5g of botanical Extract of Sapindus mukorossi (Reetha) and 50ml of methanol was refluxed on water bath for one hour followed by filtering through Whatman filter paper. This process was repeated two more times. Filtrate was collected and distilled out to obtain residue. To the residue 25 ml of Petroleum ether was added and 20 maintained it for half an hour. The petroleum ether layer was decanted and to it was added 10-15 ml of methanol. The methanolic layer was then separated and 100 ml acetone was added with continuous stirring to precipitate the saponin/s. The precipitate is filtered, collected and dried at 105°C.
The saponin content (%) in botanical extract can be calculated using below formula
Weight of residue
Saponin content i%) in botanical Extract = Lir . , F- ;— X 100
Weight ot Sample
25
Two samples were analysed using above method, results are presented as below

28

Table 1(a): % Saponin content in botanical Extract from S. mukorossi

Sample No. Weight of botanical Extract from Sapindus mukorossi (Reetha) Weight of precipitate obtained Saponin in %
1 5 g 0.74 g 14.8
2 5.5 g 1.5 g 27.27
Example 2(b): Determination of Bio-efficacy
Several experiments were performed to exemplify that the binary mixtures of 5 potassium salt of fatty acid and botanical extract containing 27.27% saponin/s act effective in controlling pests and exhibits better results.
Brinjal leaf discs were treated topically with doses of individual components and combination of said components, as per standard protocol (leaf disc assay method). About 15 thrips were released on each treated leaf and mortality was observed at 10 72 hours post-treatment. For each treatment there were two replicates. The results of the above experiment showed that combination according to present invention effectively controls pest and exhibits better results than individual ingredients. (Table Kb))
Table Kb)

Treatment Combinations of components Measured % inhibition value (M)
Tl FA @ 1.25% 22.7
T2 BE @ 25 ppm 2.3
T3 BE @ 125 ppm 4.5
T4 FA @ 1.25% + BE @ 25 ppm 27.3
T5 FA @ 1.25% BE @ 125 ppm 34.1
15 T*: Treatment; FA*: fatty acid component; BE*: Botanical extract containing saponin/s;
Conclusion:
Thus, when the combination of the present invention was analysed using this method, it demonstrated better efficacy in controlling the insects as compared to
29

potassium salt of fatty acid and botanical extract, individually. Potassium salt of fatty acid at 1.25% concentration when combined with botanical extract at 25 or 125 ppm showed effective interaction. Example 3: Preparation of composition according to present invention
5 Table 2

Ingredients Ex. A Ex. B Ex. C Ex. D Ex. E
Composition Composition Composition Composition Composition
(g/L) (g/D (g/D (g/L) (g/L)
Sunflower oil 225 205 205 204.73 399.48
Ethanol 190 150 193.9 219.23 199.74
Propylene glycol 50 50 50 49.94 49.94
Non-ionic 82 90 90 89.88 89.88
surfactant
Anionic surfactant 18 10 10 9.99 9.99
Potassium 180 180 40.95 40.90 77.90
hydroxide
Botanical extract of 7.4 7.4 - - -
Sapindus mukorossi
containing 27%
(w/w) saponin *
Botanical extract of - - - 9.99 9.99
Sapindus mukorossi
containing 20%
(w/w) saponin
Botanical extract of - - 91.3 - -
Liquorice containing
2% (w/w) saponin
Capsaicinoid - 0.515 0.515 0.514 0.514
Water Q.S Q.S Q.S QS QS
Q.S.: Quantity sufficient
General process for preparation of composition:
a) Mixing sunflower oil, ethanol, propylene glycol, non-ionic surfactant and anionic
10 surfactant to obtain an organic phase.
30

5

b) Preparing an aqueous phase by mixing water with botanical extract and sodium hydroxide.
c) The organic phase prepared in step a) was added to the aqueous phase dropwise, the mixture was heated 70°C for 3 hours and then cooled to room temperature optionally, followed by adding capsaicinoid to obtain composition according to present invention.

10
15

Example 4: Field Trials A) Activity as insecticide for various insects I. Determination of efficacy - against thrips
Field trials were carried out for determination of the efficacy of the combination according to the present invention against thrips. The composition of example A was diluted with water at the dose of 5ml/L Table 3(a): Experimental details:
Details
#
Particular
Brinjal
1 Crop

2 Target Pest

Thrips

3 Water Quantity
4 Observations Interval

500 litres/ha
1 day before and 1,4,7 days after
application

20

5 Plot size
6 | Method of application

5m x 4m
Foliar

25
30

Methodology & Observations: Five plants were randomly selected and tagged from each replicated plot. Thrips populations were counted 1 day prior to application of the composition according to example A of the present invention. The number of thrips per plant was calculated based on the number of thrips on three leaves, each taken from the top, middle and bottom of each plant. The observations were made a day before followed by 1st, 4th and 7th day after first spray and 2nd spray. Reduction in thrips population, % reduction over control (using Abott's formula) were calculated. It was observed that the treatments of example A composition at rate of 5ml/L was found to be quite effective in controlling thrips population. Substantial decrease in the thrips population was observed after 1st as well as 2nd application as compared to

31

untreated check. Similarly, the treatment of example A composition at rate of 5ml/L was found to impart more than 15% control within 7 days of treatment. (Table-3(b)).
Table-3(b)

Treatment Mean No. of Thrips/plant % Reduction of Thrips over control
Pre 1 DAT
(1) 4 DAT
(1) 7 DAT
(1) 1 DAT
(ID 4 DAT
(ID 7 DAT
(ID 1 DAT
(1) 4 DAT
(1) 7 DAT
(1) 1 DAT
(ID 4 DAT
(ID 7 DAT
(ID
Ex. 1 @5ml/L 60.8 48.6 35.0 66.5 67.6 93.9 137.3 35.6 44.0 26.8 34.1 27.4 19.1
Untreated 79.8 75.5 62.5 90.9 102.6 129.4 169.8 - - - - - -
5 Where, 1 day prior to application: Pre; Days after treatment: DAT; First Application: (I) and Second Application: (II)
II. Determination of efficacy - against aphids
Field trials were carried out for determination of efficacy combination according
10 to the present invention against aphids. The composition of example A was
diluted with water at the dose of 5ml/L Table 4 (a): Experimental details:

#
1
2 3 5 6
7 Particular Details

Crop Okra

Target Pest Aphid

Water Quantity 500 litres/ha

Observations Interval 1 day before and 5 days after application

Plot size 5m x 4.5m

Method of application Foliar

15 Methodology & Observations: Five plants were randomly selected and tagged from each replicated plot. Aphid (wingless) population were counted 1 day prior to application of the composition according to example A of the present invention. The number of aphids per plant was calculated based on the number of aphids on three leaves, each taken from the top, middle and bottom of each plant. The
20 observations were made a day before followed by 5th day after first spray. Reduction in aphid population, % reduction over control (using Abott's formula) were calculated. It was observed that the treatment using example A composition at rate
32

5

of 5ml/L and lOml/L were found to be quite effective in controlling aphids population. Substantial decrease in the aphids population was observed after 1st application as compared to untreated check. Similarly, both treatments of example A composition at rate of 5ml/L and lOml/L were found to impart more than 50% control within 5 days of treatment. (Table-4(b)). Table 4 (b):

Treatment

Ex. 1 @5ml/L
Ex. 1 @10ml/L
Untreated

Mean No. of Aphids/plant
Pre 5 DAT (1)
389.0 155.0
482.5 89.0
434.5 452.5

% Reduction of Aphids
over control
5 DAT (I)
65.7
80.3
-

10

Where, 1 day prior to application: Pre; Days after treatment: DAT; and First Application: (I).
Determination of efficacy - against aphids
Field trials were carried out for determination of efficacy of combination according to the present invention against aphids. The composition of example B was diluted with water at the dose of 5ml/L and 10 ml/L, respectively.

Table 5 (a): Experimental details:
15

Particular

Details

#

1 Crop

Cabbage

j$_
2 Target Pest
Replications

Aphid
Four (4)

4 Water Quantity
5 No of applications
6 Observations Interval

500 litres/ha
2-3 sprays at 10 Days interval (7 Days
interval in case heavy infestation)
1 day before and 1,4,7 10 days after
application

7 Plot size

5m x 3m (minimum)

8 | Method of application

Foliar

33

Methodology & Observations: Five plants were randomly selected and tagged from each replicated plot. Aphid (wingless) population were counted 1 day prior to application of the combination according to present invention. The number of aphids per plant was calculated based on the number of aphids on three leaves, each 5 taken from the top, middle and bottom of each plant. The observations were made a day before followed by 4th, 7th and 10th day after first spray and 4th and 7th day after 2nd spray. Reduction in aphids population, % reduction over control (using Abott's formula) were calculated. It was observed that both treatments of example B composition at rate of 5ml/L and lOml/L were found to be quite effective in 10 controlling aphid population. Substantial decrease in the aphid population was observed after 1st as well as 2nd application as compared to untreated check. Similarly, both treatments of example B composition at rate of 5ml/L and lOml/L were found to impart more than 70% control within 7 days of treatment. (Table-5(b)).
15 Table 5 (b):

Treatment Mean No. of Aphids/plant % Reduction of Aphids over control
Pre 4 DAT
(1) 7 DAT
(1) 10 DAT
(1) 4 DAT
(ID 7 DAT
(ID 4 DAT
(1) 7 DAT
(1) 10 DAT
(1) 4 DAT
(ID 7 DAT
(ID
Ex. 2 @5ml/L 97.4 32.1 30.8 28.9 19.7 20.5 64.5 70.5 71.2 82.9 81.9
Ex. 2 @10ml/L 92.5 24.0 20.4 18.1 12.3 10.2 73.5 80.4 82.0 89.3 91.0
Untreated 99.1 90.5 104.1 100.6 114.9 113.3 - - - - -
Where, 1 day prior to application: Pre; Days after treatment: DAT; First Application: (I) and Second Application: (II)
IV. Determination of efficacy against mealy bugs
20 Field trials were carried out for determination of efficacy of composition of example B according to the present invention against mealy bugs. The composition of example B was diluted with water at the dose of 5ml/L and was compared with potassium salt of fatty acid formulation available in market which was also diluted with water at the dose of 5ml/L
25 Table 6 (a): Experimental details:
# I Particular I Details

34

1
2 3
4 5
6
7 Crop Guava

Target Pest Mealy Bug

Water Quantity 500 litres/ha

No. of applications 2-3 sprays at 10-15 Days interval

Observations Interval 1 day before and 1,4,7 10, 15 days after application

Plot size 2 Plants / Treatment

Method of application Foliar

Methodology & Observations: 8-10 shoot of about 10 cm from each plot were
tagged. Number of crawlers from each shoot were counted. Percentage control was
calculated by using Henderson- Tiltons formula. The observations were made before
5 and after application of Example B composition and market sample application. It
was observed that the treatment of the combination of the present invention
provides better efficacy than formulation available in market in mealy bugs. Said
combination gave up to 80-85% mortality of mealy bug population. Furthermore,
the combination showed no phytotoxicity in the plants. (Table-6(b))
10 Table 6(b)

Treatment Mealy bug population/twig % Mortality of Mealy bug
Pre 4 DAT
(1) 8 DAT
(1) 16 DAT
(1) 1 DAT
(ID 5
DA T (ID 8
DA T (ID 4 DAT
(1) 8 DAT
(1) 16 DAT
(1) 1 DAT
(ID 5 DAT
(ID 8 DAT
(ID
Ex. 2 @5ml/L 10.8 6.3 4.8 4 2.6 1.1 0.5 41.9 64.1 85.2 35.7 59.5 80.2
market sample 15.9 12.8 13.0 13.5 9.5 5.5 3.9 19.7 33.5 66.2 31.0 41.3 54.6
Untreated 4.9 4.9 6 12.3 12.5 8.5 7.8 - - - - - -
Where, 1 day prior to application: Pre; Days after treatment: DAT; First Application: (I) and Second
Application: (II)
V. Determination of efficacy against Thrips parvispinus
15 Field trials were carried out for determination of efficacy of the combination
according to the present invention against Thrips parvispinus (Also known as Taiwanese thrips / tobacco thrips/ black thrips). The composition of example Bwas diluted with water at the dose of 5ml/L and lOml/L
35

Table 7 (a):

#
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 Particular Details

Crop Chilli

Target Pest Thrips parvispinus

Location Boppudi, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh

No of applications 3 times.

Observations Interval 1 day before and 1,3,5 days after application

Plot size 2 Plants / Treatment

Method of application Foliar

5

Methodology & Observations:
Plants were randomly selected and tagged from each plot. Mean count of thrips per flower was taken 1 day prior to application of the composition according to example B. The mean count per flower was taken after spraying on 1st, 3rd and 5th day, three observations were taken and are presented in table below. It was observed that the treatment with the composition of present invention provides better efficacy in Thrips parvispinus. (Table-7b)

10
About Thrips parvispinus: It is an invasive pest from tropical regions of Asia, reported in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, China, Philippines, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Greece, France, Spain, The Netherlands, Tanzania, Mauritius, Reunion and Hawaii. It is a polyphagous pest attacking papaya,
15 peppers, potatoes, eggplants, beans, shallots, strawberries, tomato, blackjack (Bidens pilosa), coffee, Gardenia sp., chilli peppers, paprika, tobaccos and cotton etc. Though reported in 2000, it was observed in 2015 on papaya in India and now widely spread in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh devastating nearly 9-lakh acres of chilli crop, showing 20-25 adults on each flower or bud of chilli. This infestation was
20 also observed in Southern parts of India viz., Tamilnadu and Karnataka (Nagaraju et al 2021). Farmers are currently using Spinosad 45% SC, Fipronil 5% SC, Acetamiprid 10% SC, Spinetoram 11.7% SC, Imidacloprid 40% WG either individually or in cocktails but couldn't succeed in controlling them. Because of indiscriminate use of chemicals, all the natural enemies are disappeared from the fields leaving
25 no scope for natural biocontrol

36

Table 7(b)

5
10

Treatment MCPF (BS) MCPF (AS) MCPF (BS) MCPF (AS) MCPF (BS) MCPF (AS)

Pre DAT Pre DAT Pre DAT

1 3 5
1 3 5
1 3 5
Ex. 2 @5ml/L 6 4 3 3 8 6 5 4 5 4 3 3
Ex. 2 @10ml/L 6 2 1 2 4 3 2 2 4 2 2 2
Untreated 6 6 8 10 10 12 12 10 13 12 11 12
MCPF (BS): Mean count per flower (Before spray); MCPF (AS): Mean count per flower (After spray); DAT: Days after treatment
VI. (i) Determination of efficacy against mites & white fly
Field trials were carried out for determination of efficacy of composition according to present invention against mites & white fly. The example B composition was diluted with water at the dose of 5ml/L and 10 ml/L, respectively.
Experimental details: A) For Mites
Table 8(a)

Particular

Details

#

1 Crop

Brinjal

2 Target Pest

Red Spider Mites

3 Replications

Two (2)

4 Water Quantity

500 litres/ha

5 No of applications

2 sprays at 10 Days interval

6 Observations Interval

1 day before and 3 & 6 days after
application

7 Plot size

5 m x 4 m

15
20

Foliar
8 | Method of application
Methodology & Observations: Four plants were randomly selected and tagged from each replicated plot. Red Spider Mites population were counted 1 day prior to application of the composition according to present invention. The number of mites per plant was calculated based on the number of mites on three leaves, each taken from the top, middle and bottom of each plant. The observations were made a day before followed by 3rd and 6th after spraying. Reduction in mites population,

37

5

% reduction over control (using Abott's formula) were calculated. It was observed that both treatments of composition of example B at the dose of 5ml/L and lOml/L were found to be quite effective in controlling mites population. Substantial decrease in the mites population was observed after application as compared to untreated check. Similarly, both treatments found to impart more than 40% control within 6 days of treatment. (Table-8(b)).
Table-8(b)

Treatment Mean No. of Mites/plant % Reduction of Mites over control

Pre 3 DAT
(1) 6 DAT
(1) 3 DAT
(ID 6 DAT
(ID 3 DAT
(1) 6 DAT
(1) 3 DAT
(ID 6 DAT
(ID
Ex. 2 @5ml/L 50.8 60.5 78.8 65.9 58.3 16.70 13.93 34.45 43.10
Ex. 2 @10ml/L 38.0 48.9 79.0 50.0 39.3 32.70 13.66 50.25 61.66
Untreated 40.5 72.6 91.5 100.5 102.4 - - - -
Where, DAT: Days after treatment; First Application: (I) and Second Application: (II)

10

Experimental details: B) For White fly
Tab
le 9(a)

#

Particular

Details

1 Crop

Brinjal

2 Target Pest

White fly

4 Replications
5 Water Quantity
6 No of applications
7 Observations Interval
8 Plot size
9 | Method of application

Two (2)
500 litres/ha
2 sprays at 10 Days interval
1 day before and 3,6 Days after application
5 m x 4 m
Foliar

15

Methodology & Observations: Four plants were randomly selected and tagged from each replicated plot. White fly adult population were counted 1 day prior to application of the composition according to example B of present invention. The number of white fly per plant was calculated based on the number of white fly on three leaves, each taken from the top, middle and bottom of each plant. The observations were made a day before followed by 3rd and 6th after spraying.

38

5

Reduction in white fly population, % reduction over control (using Abott's formula) were calculated. It was observed that both treatments of composition of example B at the dose of 5ml/L and lOml/L were found to be quite effective in controlling white fly population. Substantial decrease in the white fly population was observed after application as compared to untreated check. Similarly, both treatments found to impart more than 30% control within 6 days of treatment. (Table-9(b)). Table 9(b)

Treatment Mean No. of White fly/plant % Reduction of White fly over control

Untreated check 3 DAT
(1) 6 DAT
(1) 3 DAT
(ID 6 DAT
(ID 3 DAT
(1) 6 DAT
(1) 3 DAT
(ID 6 DAT
(ID
Ex. 2 @5ml/L 34.0 30.9 41.8 40.4 38.5 -4.22 7.48 18.84 24.14
Ex. 2 @10ml/L 45.1 28.5 36.8 35.1 34.3 3.80 18.56 29.40 32.51
Untreated 33.0 29.6 45.1 49.8 50.8 - - - -

Where, DAT: Days after treatment; First Application: (I) and Second Application: (II)
10 VII. (ii) Determination of efficacy against mites & white fly
Field trials were carried out for determination of efficacy of composition according to present invention against mites & white fly. The example D composition was diluted with water at the dose of 5ml/L, 7.5ml/L and 10 ml/L, respectively. A) For Mites
15
Table 10(a)

Particular

Details

#
1 Crop

Tea

2 Target Pest

Red Spider Mites

3 Replications

Three (3)

4 Water Quantity

650 litres/ha

5 No of applications

2 sprays at 7 Days interval

6 Observations Interval

At 3, 5 & 7 days after application

7 Plot size

6 m x 4 m

8 | Method of application

Foliar

Methodology & Observations: Fifteen leaves were randomly selected at 3, 5 & 7 days after application from each replicated plot.

39

5
10

Four plants were randomly selected and tagged from each replicated plot. Red Spider Mites population were counted 1 day prior to application of the composition according to present invention. The number of mites per plant was calculated based on the number of mites on fifteen leaves, each taken from the top, middle and bottom of each plant. The observations were made a day before followed by 3rd, 5th and 7th after spraying. Reduction in mites population, % reduction over control (using Abott's formula) were calculated. It was observed that both treatments of composition of example D at the dose of 5ml/L, 7.5ml/L and lOml/L were found to be quite effective in controlling mites population. Substantial decrease in the mites population was observed after application as compared to untreated check. Similarly, both treatments found to impart more than 60% control within 7 days of treatment. (Table-lO(b)).
Table-lO(b)

Treatment

Mean No. of Mites/plant

% Reduction of Mites over control

Pre

3 DAT
(I)

5 DAT
(I)

7 DAT
(I)

3 DAT

5 DAT

7 DAT
(ID

10 DAT
(ID

3 DAT
(I)

5 DAT
(I)

7 DAT
(I)

3 DAT

5 DAT

7 DAT
(ID

10 DAT
(ID

Ex. 2 @5ml/L 20 6.6 10 13 6.3 9.3 12 14 71 69 63 85 77 71 64
Ex. 2 @7.5ml/L 18.3 3.3 5.3 9.6 3 3.7 5.7 8.9 86 84 74 93 91 86 78
Ex. 2 @10ml/L 20.6 1.6 2.3 5 1.6 2.3 3.7 7 93 93 86 96 95 91 82

Untreated

18.3 24.2 32.6 35.3 43.8 42.6 41.3 41.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Where, DAT: Days after treatment; First Application: (I) and Second Application: (II)
15

B) For Mites

Table 11(a)

Particular

Details

#
1 Crop

Tea

2 Target Pest

Red Spider Mites

3 Replications

Three (3)

4 Water Quantity

650 litres/ha

5 | No of applications

2 sprays at 7 Days interval

40

6 Observations Interval

At 3, 5 & 7 days after application

7 Plot size

6 m x 4 m

8 | Method of application

Foliar

Methodology & Observations: Three leaves were randomly selected at 0, 3, 5
& 7 days after application from each replicated plot.
Five plants were randomly selected and tagged from each replicated plot. Red Spider 5 Mites population were counted 1 day prior to application of the composition according to present invention. The number of mites per plant was calculated based on the number of mites on three leaves, each taken from the top, middle and bottom of each plant. The observations were made a day before followed by 3rd, 5th and 7th after spraying. Reduction in mites population, % reduction over control (using
10 Abott's formula) were calculated. It was observed that both treatments of composition of example B at the dose of 5ml/L and lOml/L were found to be quite effective in controlling mites population. Substantial decrease in the mites population was observed after application as compared to untreated check. Similarly, both treatments found to impart more than 50% control within 5 days of treatment. (Table-ll(b)).
15 Table-1Kb)

Treatment

Mean No. of Mites/plant

% Reduction of Mites over control

Pre

1 DAT
(I)

3 DAT
(I)

5 DAT
(I)

7 DAT
(I)

1 DAT
(ID

3 DAT

5 DAT

7 DAT
(ID

1 DAT
(I)

3 DAT
(I)

5 DAT
(I)

7 DAT
(I)

1 DAT
(ID

3 DAT

5 DAT

7 DAT
(ID

Ex. 4 @5ml/L 33.8 16 19.2 21 29 14.8 16 22.5 30 61 58 56 44 73 70 60 48
Ex. 4 @7.5ml/L 36.3 9.5 12.3 15.3 20.2 7.7 9.8 15.5 20.7 76 73 68 61 86 81 72 64
Ex. 4 @10ml/L 34.8 3.5 4.2 8 13.5 2.2 3 8.2 11.5 91 90 83 74 96 94 86 80

Untreated

34.3 40.2 45.5 47.7 51.3 54.5 53.3 56.3 57.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Where, DAT: Days after treatment; First Application: (I) and Second Application: (II)
C) For White fly Table 12(a)

#

Particular

Details

1 | Crop

Brinjal

41

2 Target Pest

White fly

3 Water Quantity

500 litres/ha

4 No of applications
5 Observations Interval

2 sprays at 7 Days interval
1 day before and 3,5 & 7 Days after
application

b_

Plot size

120m2

7 | Method of application

Foliar

Methodology & Observations: Four plants were randomly selected and tagged from each replicated plot. White fly adult population were counted 1 day prior to application of the composition according to example D of present invention. The 5 number of white fly per plant was calculated based on the number of white fly on three leaves, each taken from the top, middle and bottom of each plant. The observations were made a day before followed by 3rd 5th and 7th after spraying. Reduction in white fly population, % reduction over control (using Abott's formula) were calculated. It was observed that both treatments of composition of example B 10 at the dose of 5ml/L and lOml/L were found to be quite effective in controlling white fly population. Substantial decrease in the white fly population was observed after application as compared to untreated check. Similarly, both treatments found to impart more than 60% control within 5 days of treatment. (Table-12(b)).
Table 12(b)

Treatment

No. of white fly/plant

% Reduction of white fly over control

Pre

1 DAT
(I)

3 DAT
(I)

5 DAT
(I)

7 DAT
(I)

1 DAT
(ID

3 DAT

5 DAT

7 DAT
(ID

1 DAT
(I)

3 DAT
(I)

5 DAT
(I)

7 DAT
(I)

1 DAT
(ID

3 DAT

5 DAT

7 DAT
(ID

Ex. 4 7.9 3.6 3.2 3.6 6.3 4.2 3.9 4.2 6.2 57 64 62 40 61 67 65 40
@5ml/L
Ex. 4 8.2 2.9 2.6 3.0 5.4 3.1 2.8 3.8 5.6 66 70 68 49 71 76 69 54
@7.5ml/L
Ex. 4 8.4 2.7 2.5 3 5.1 3.0 2.7 4.5 4.7 68 72 68 52 72 77 63 61
@10ml/L
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Untreated
8 8.3 8.9 9.4 10.6 10.7 11.8 12.2 12.2
15 Where, DAT: Days after treatment; First Application: (I) and Second Application: (II)

42

VIII. Determination of efficacy against Psyllid
Field trials were carried out for determination of efficacy of composition according to present invention against mites & white fly. The example D composition was diluted with water at the dose of 5ml/L Results are presented in Fig 1, wherein figure la demonstrates visually curry leaves plant infected with Psyllid and figure lb demonstrates complete elimination of Psyllid within 4 days of application.

We Claim
1. A biopesticidal combination comprising:
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s.
2. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the C8 to C24 fatty acid
component comprises a salt of C8 to C24 fatty acid.
3. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the C8 to C24 fatty acid component comprises one or more of palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18),
oleic acid (C9), linoleic acid (C18), linolenic acid (C18), or derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof.
4. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the botanical extract

comprises from about 1% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w) of saponin/s.
5. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the botanical extract is of
Sapindus mukorossi (reetha), liquorice plant/s or mixture thereof.
6. The combination as claimed in claim 1, further comprises an adjuvant
selected from capsaicinoid/s.
7. The combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the fatty acid component; and the botanical extract is in the range of 1-1000:0.001-
50.
8. A biopesticidal composition comprising,
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% saponin/s; and
c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the composition comprises:

44

a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) of a botanical extract comprising at least 1% saponin/s; and
c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

10. The composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the agrochemically acceptable excipient is selected from an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant or an adjuvant.
11. The composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein said agrochemically acceptable excipient is an anionic surfactant selected from the group comprising of alkylether sulfate salts, alkylarylsulfonate salts or combinations thereof; wherein said agrochemically acceptable excipient is a non-ionic surfactant selected from the group comprising of alcohol-alkylene oxide addition products, polyethylene glycol esters of fatty acids, Castor oil ethoxylates, sorbitol esters or combinations thereof.
12. The composition as claimed in claim 10, wherein the adjuvant comprises capsaicinoid/s.
13. The composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the capsaicinoid/s is capsaicin.
14. A biopesticidal composition comprising:

a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) capsaicinoid/s.
15. The biopesticide composition as claimed in claim 14, the composition
comprising:

a) from about 0.5% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) of at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component;
b) from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) about 0.001% (w/w) to about 5% (w/w) of capsaicinoid/s.
16. The composition as claimed in claim 14, wherein the weight ratio of the fatty acid component, saponin/s and the capsaicinoid/s is ranging from 1-1000:0.001-50:0.0001-1.5.
17. A process for preparation of a biopesticidal composition, comprising steps
of: a) preparing an organic phase comprising a C8 to C24 fatty acid component,
b) preparing an aqueous phase comprising a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s; and
c) mixing the organic phase of step a) with the aqueous phase of step b) at a temperature ranging from about 30°C to about 100°C.


18. The process as claimed in claim 17, wherein the organic phase comprising C8 to C24 fatty acid component is prepared by hydrolysing an oil in presence of a base, optionally in presence of surfactant and/or diluent.

19. A method of controlling pests said method comprising applying to a locus
of a plant, or a plant part or a plant propagation material an effective
amount of a biopesticidal combination comprising:
a) at least one C8 to C24 fatty acid component; and
b) a botanical extract comprising at least 1% (w/w) saponin/s.
20. Use of the combination as claimed in claim 1, or a composition comprising
said combination for controlling pests.