DESC:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
AND
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A SYSTEM FOR UV TREATMENT OF FUEL
2. APPLICANT (S)
NAME NATIONALITY ADDRESS
FLEETGUARD FILTERS PRIVATE LIMITED AN INDIAN COMPANY 136, PARK MARINA ROAD, BANER, PUNE – 411045, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a system for UV treatment of fuel that enables in situ microbial decontamination, eliminates the need for removal of the UV treatment system from the vehicle for maintenance or replacement, increases fuel residence time, and enhances radiative exposure and treatment efficacy.
DEFINITIONS
[0002] The term ‘fuel’ as used herein refers to any substance used to generate energy through combustion or chemical reactions to power engines, machinery, or vehicles. This includes traditional fossil-based fuels like diesel and gasoline, as well as renewable bio-fuels such as bio-diesel, derived from plant oils or animal fats, suitable for use in internal combustion engines and other energy conversion systems.
[0003] The term or phrase ‘treatment of fuel’ refers to the application of ultraviolet (UV) sterilization or UV disinfection processes of fuel including bio-fuels such as bio-diesel. This treatment involves exposing the fuel to UV light to eliminate microbial contamination, thereby increasing the fuel's longevity, and ensuring that the fuel remains ready for use in engines, machinery, or vehicles. The terms UV treatment, treatment, UV disinfection, UV sterilization etc., are used herein interchangeably throughout the specification.
[0004] The term ‘neutralize’ or ‘obliterate’ used in conjunction with the microbes (bacteria and fungi) herein refers to killing, nullifying, destroying, removing, eradicating, eliminating, inactivating, deactivating microbes by use of ultraviolet radiation with a suitable wavelength or wavelength range and intensity. The microbes are primarily killed by damaging the DNA of the microbes by UV radiation.
[0005] The terms "microbes," "micro-organisms," "bacteria," and "fungi" are used interchangeably in this document. They are understood to have their conventional meanings as recognized by those with ordinary skill in the relevant field.
[0006] The term "fuel residence time," as used herein, refers to the duration during which the fuel is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The fuel residence time is chosen such that there is substantial neutralization of microbes present in the fuel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0007] In the contemporary economy, which is primarily reliant on fuel, both automotive and non-automotive applications—including internal combustion engines—utilize fuel for a myriad of purposes. Typically, this fuel is derived from oil wells, which constitute non-renewable sources. These non-renewable fuel sources are being depleted at a significant rate and are projected to be exhausted within the foreseeable future.
[0008] Attempts are being made to supplement and/or replace the non-renewable resources of fuel. For example, bio-fuels may replace the non-renewable resources of fuel in future. One such bio-fuel is bio-diesel which may replace conventional diesel.
[0009] However, there are certain issues associated with the use of bio-fuels. For example, bio-fuels, which are derived from biological entities such as plants and algae, are susceptible to rapid degradation by micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi, potentially rendering them unusable within a short time period.
[00010] In the known art, bio-fuels are subjected to treatments so as to reduce and/or control the growth of micro-organisms and prevent degradation thereof. For example, bio-fuels may be treated with disinfectant chemicals or may be irradiated with electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet radiation which obliterates the micro-organisms effectively.
[00011] Bio-fuels may be irradiated with ultraviolet radiation by passing the bio-fuels through a UV irradiation apparatus. One such conventional apparatus for irradiating the bio-fuels with UV radiation is shown in FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of the conventional apparatus (100) for UV treatment of fuel. The apparatus (100) comprises a tubular housing (102) defined by a tubular wall (102w) and having a first open end (102a), and a second open end (102b). The wall (102w) defines an interior space (102s). The tubular housing (102) has a fuel inlet port (102f1), and a fuel outlet port (102f2) configured thereon. The tubular housing (102) receives an ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (104) substantially concentrically in the interior space (102s). A first annular wall (106w1) and a second annular wall (106w2) are respectively sealably disposed between the first open end (102a) and a first open end (104a) of ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (104), and between the second open end (102b) and a second open end (104b) of ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (104). Ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (104), the wall (102w), the first annular wall (106w1), and the second annular wall (106w2) together define an annular closed space (102s1) therebetween. One or more ultraviolet lamps (108) are operatively disposed within ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (104), wherein the ultraviolet lamps (108) are connected to an electrical circuit (not shown in the figure), and a source of electricity for energizing the ultraviolet lamps (108).
[00012] In a working configuration, the fuel inlet port (102f1) is connected to a fuel storage tank (not shown in the figure) wherein the fuel from the tank is pumped into the annular closed space (102s1) through the fuel inlet port (102f1). The ultraviolet light irradiated by the ultraviolet lamps (108) is incident onto the fuel which is flowing into and out of the annular closed space (102s1). The ultraviolet light neutralizes the micro-organisms present in the fuel and the substantially sterilized fuel is flown out through the fuel outlet port (102f2) back into the tank or a separate tank arranged on the vehicle as the case may be. The apparatus (100) may be mounted on the vehicle at a suitable location, for example in proximity of the fuel tank. The process of sterilization of fuel may be accomplished when the vehicle is moving and/or when the vehicle is not moving.
[00013] The conventional apparatus as described herein above has certain limitations or disadvantages.
[00014] A disadvantage of the conventional apparatus is that the outer surface (104s) of the ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (104) is in contact with the fuel and is wetted by the fuel. This outer surface (104s) may become cloudy or translucent due to the fuel over a period of time. In the conventional apparatus, ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (104) cannot be replaced or removed and cannot be cleaned. One way to replace ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (104) is to discard the apparatus or the assembly. Other way to clean the outer surface is by passing a suitable cleaning fluid through the fuel inlet port (102f1) for which the apparatus has to be removed from the vehicle and/or the apparatus has to be connected to a source of cleaning fluid when still fixed on the vehicle. Both these alternatives are cumbersome and tedious.
[00015] Further, as ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (104) becomes cloudy, the UV radiation intensity in the annular closed space decreases and therefore the micro-organisms cannot be neutralized efficiently. In such cases the flow rate of fuel and/or the number of times the fuel is circulated, or the intensity of the UV radiation has to be changed (increased) which is not desired.
[00016] Another limitation of the conventional apparatus is the lack of control over fuel residence time or exposure duration to UV radiation.
[00017] In light of the above-mentioned disadvantages, there exists a pressing need for an improved fuel treatment system that addresses the aforementioned limitations, enhances operational efficiency, and provides greater flexibility in the bio-fuel sterilization process.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[00018] Some of the objects of the presently disclosed invention, of which at the minimum one object is fulfilled by at least one embodiment disclosed herein, are as follows.
[00019] An object of the present invention is to provide an alternative, which overcomes at least one drawback encountered in the existing prior art.
[00020] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for UV treatment of fuel.
[00021] Still another object of the present invention is to provide a system for UV treatment of fuel which does not require removal of the apparatus/system from the vehicle.
[00022] Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system for UV treatment of fuel which can be easily cleaned and maintained without need for discarding the whole apparatus.
[00023] Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel treatment system that allows precise control of fuel residence time and UV radiation exposure duration, enabling enhancement of the sterilization process for various fuel compositions and microbial loads.
[00024] Other objects and benefits of the present invention will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to bind the scope of the present invention.
SUMMARY
[00025] Disclosed is a system for UV treatment of fuel that enables in situ microbial decontamination, eliminates the need for removal of the UV treatment system from the vehicle for maintenance or replacement, increases fuel residence time, and enhances radiative exposure and treatment efficacy.
[00026] The system for ultraviolet (UV) treatment of fuel in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention comprises a tubular housing. The tubular housing includes a tubular wall enclosing a space therein, the tubular wall having a first open end, and a second open end. The tubular wall is provided with a fuel inlet port, and a fuel outlet port configured thereon.
[00027] A first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube is received in the space within the tubular housing. Further, a first annular wall and a second annular wall are respectively sealably disposed between the first open end of the tubular wall and a first open end of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube, and between the second open end of the tubular wall and a second open end of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube, wherein the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube, the tubular wall, the first annular wall, and the second annular wall together configure an annular closed space therebetween.
[00028] A second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube is received within the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube, and one or more ultraviolet lamps are operatively disposed within the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube.
[00029] The ultraviolet lamps are connected to a suitable electrical circuit, and a source of electricity for energizing the ultraviolet lamps, which may be placed outside the system.
[00030] The first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube’s outer surface is in contact with the fuel received in the space and is slidably removable and replaceable from the system without disturbing other components of the system.
[00031] In a certain embodiment in accordance with the present invention, the ratio of the diameter of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube to the diameter of the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube is in the range of 1.05 to 1.5, preferably, 1.05 to 1.1. The ratio in said range(s) ensures that the distance between the UV lamps and fuel is minimum.
[00032] In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the diameters of the tubular housing to the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube is in the range of 1.05 to 10, preferably 1.05 to 5, more preferably 1.05 to 2. This ratio defines the amount of fuel that resides within the annular space at any point of time, and further ascertains proper fuel sterilization.
[00033] The tubular housing, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, is made of a material selected from the group consisting of metal, and non-metal, wherein the metal is one selected from the group consisting of steel, copper and aluminum, and the non-metal is one selected from the group consisting of plastic, ceramic and glass.
[00034] In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, ultraviolet lamps irradiate a light having wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm.
[00035] In accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention, a static mixer disposed within the annular closed space, wherein the static mixer is configured to increase fuel residence time within the system, wherein the static mixer comprises UV LEDs mounted on its surface for additional UV irradiation of the fuel, and wherein the static mixer has an adjustable body to modify fuel flow characteristics.
[00036] In some embodiments in accordance with the present invention, UV reflectors are disposed within the tubular housing to enhance UV irradiation efficiency and includes an intensity control mechanism configured to adjust UV intensity as a function of time, or along the length of the tubular housing. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, ultraviolet lamps comprise UV sources with varying wavelengths arranged along the length of the tubular housing.
[00037] Further, a flow distributor is provided at the fuel inlet port to ensure uniform fuel distribution within the annular closed space and at least one non-return valve, which may be positioned at and around the outlet port, to prevent backflow of treated fuel. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of swirl flow generators are provided within the annular closed space which are configured to induce rotational flow of the fuel.
[00038] In certain embodiments, the diameter of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube and/or the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube varies along their respective lengths to modify fuel flow characteristics. In one embodiment, the diameters of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube and the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube are maintained to cause a gradual increase in the area of the annular closed space from one end of the system to the other.
[00039] In some other embodiments in accordance with the present invention, one or more protrusions are provided or configured on the inner surface of the tubular housing and/or the outer surface of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube to increase fuel path length and residence time. In certain other embodiments, a plurality of baffles are disposed within the space, the baffles being configured to increase the residence time of the fuel in the space. The difference between protrusions and baffles is that the protrusions are having dimensions which are substantially smaller than baffles.
[00040] Further, a serpentine fuel path configuration is provided within the annular closed space to increase friction and extend fuel residence time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
[00041] The present invention will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:
[00042] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional apparatus for UV treatment of fuel; and
[00043] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a system for UV treatment of fuel in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention.
LIST OF NUMERALS
[00044] The following list correlates reference numerals with corresponding components of the invention. These numerals are used consistently throughout the drawings, description, and claims. While comprehensive, this list is not exhaustive. Some components may be named without numerals indicated by "NA". This list is intended to aid in understanding the specification and should be read alongside the description and drawings.
100 - Conventional apparatus for UV treatment of fuel 204 - Second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube
102 - Tubular housing 204a – First end
102w - Tubular wall 204b – Second end
102a - First open end 204s - Outer surface of second tube
102b - Second open end 206w1 - First annular wall
102s - Interior space 206w2 - Second annular wall
102f1 - Fuel inlet port 208 - Ultraviolet lamps
102f2 - Fuel outlet port 210 - First ultraviolet light transparent glass tube
102s1 - Annular closed space 210a - First open end of first tube
104 - Ultraviolet light transparent glass tube 210b - Second open end of first tube
104a - First open end of tube 210s - Outer surface of first tube
104b - Second open end of tube 300 - Static mixer
104s - Outer surface of tube 302 - Helical elements of static mixer
106w1 - First annular wall 304 - UV LEDs on static mixer
106w2 - Second annular wall 400 - UV reflectors
108 - Ultraviolet lamps 700 - Non-return valve
200 - System for UV treatment of fuel 800 - Flow distributor
202 - Tubular housing NA - Fuel storage tank
202w - Tubular wall NA - Fuel pump
202a - First open end NA - Electrical circuit
202b - Second open end NA - Source of electricity
202s - Space within tubular housing NA - Programmable logic controller (PLC)
202f1 - Fuel inlet port NA - User interface
202f2 - Fuel outlet port NA - UV-sensitive photodetectors
202s1 - Annular closed space NA - Swirl flow generators
NA - UV-transparent baffles NA - Protrusions
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00045] All technical terms and scientific expressions used in the present invention have the same meaning as understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, unless otherwise specified.
[00046] As used in the present specification and the claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[00047] The terms “comprising,” “comprises,” “comprised of,” as used in the present specification will be understood to mean that the list following is non-exhaustive and may or may not include any other extra suitable things, for instance one or more additional feature(s), part(s), component(s), process step(s), sub-step(s), and/or constituent(s) as applicable.
[00048] Further, the terms “about,” and “approximately,” used in combination with ranges of sizes of parts, ratios, proportions, and/or any other physical properties or characteristics, are meant to include small variations that may occur in the upper and/or lower limits of the ranges.
[00049] Disclosed is a system for treatment of fuel by ultraviolet light, which disinfects the fuel by neutralizing microbes present in the fuel.
[00050] The present invention overcomes one or more drawbacks of the conventional apparatus for UV treatment of fuel as discussed herein above in the background section.
[00051] The present invention is now described with reference to FIG. 2, wherein FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a system for UV treatment of fuel in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention.
[00052] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, a system (200) for UV treatment of fuel is disclosed. The system (200) comprises tubular housing (202). The tubular housing (202) is defined by a tubular wall (202w) enclosing a space (202s) therewithin. The tubular housing (202) has a first open end (202a), and a second open end (202b) opposite to the first open end (202a).
[00053] Further, the tubular housing (202) has a fuel inlet port (202f1), and a fuel outlet port (202f2) configured thereon. Typically, the fuel inlet port (202f1) is configured at and around the first open end (202a) and the fuel outlet port (202f2) is configured at and around the second open end (202b) but on a diametrically opposite side to the fuel inlet port (202f1), which increases the fuel path length and hence fuel residence time. The increase in fuel path and the fuel residence time increases the fuel treatment time, which ensures that the microbes are efficiently neutralized. The fuel inlet port (202f1) is connected to a fuel storage tank (not shown in the figure). In particular, a fuel pump (not shown in the figure) is connected between the fuel storage tank and the fuel inlet port (202f1), the fuel pump being configured to pump fuel from the fuel storage tank into the tubular housing (202) through the fuel inlet port (202f1).
[00054] The system (200) further includes a first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) received in the space (202s). In one embodiment, the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) is received concentrically within the tubular housing (202). Further, the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) is fixed within the tubular housing (202) using one or more annular walls. In particular, the first ultraviolet transparent glass tube (210) is fixed within the tubular housing (202) employing a first annular wall (206w1) and a second annular wall (206w2) respectively sealably disposed between the first open end (202a) and a first open end (210a) of first ultraviolet transparent glass tube (210), and between the second open end (202b) and a second open end (210b) of first ultraviolet transparent glass tube (210). The first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210), the wall (202w), the first annular wall (206w1), and the second annular wall (206w2) together define an annular closed space (202s1) therebetween, within which the fuel is received via the fuel inlet port (202f1).
[00055] The system (200) further includes a second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) having a first end (204a) and a second end (204b). The second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) is received within the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210). In one embodiment, the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) is concentrically received within the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210). The second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) may be secured within the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) using suitable fixtures. For example, the fixtures may be in the form of rubber O-rings or other types of gaskets capable of securing first ultraviolet transparent glass tube (210) within second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204). In some other cases, first ultraviolet transparent glass tube (210) may be fixed by using suitable glue.
[00056] One or more ultraviolet lamps (208) are operatively disposed within second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204), wherein the ultraviolet lamps (208) are connected to an electrical circuit, and a source of electricity (both not shown in the figures) for energizing the ultraviolet lamps (208). In one embodiment, the number of ultraviolet lamps (208) is one. In some other embodiment, the number of ultraviolet lamps (208) is two. The number of ultraviolet lamps (208) is dictated by the amount of fuel to be disinfected and the flow rate of the fuel and other similar factors. In one embodiment, the ultraviolet lamps (208) are fluorescent lamps. In another embodiment, the ultraviolet lamps (208) are light emitting diodes. In some other embodiments, the ultraviolet lamps (208) are a combination of fluorescent lamps and light emitting diodes.
[00057] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube's outer surface (210s) is in contact with the fuel received in the annular closed space (202s1). The first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) is slidably removable and/or replaceable from the system/apparatus (200) without disturbing other components of the system.
[00058] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, the tubular housing (202) is made of a material selected from the group consisting of metal, non-metal, and a combination thereof. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the metal is one selected from the group consisting of steel, copper, and aluminum. Any other metal or a combination of metals or alloys may also be used. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the non-metal is one selected from the group consisting of plastic, ceramic, and glass. It is to be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above examples of metals or non-metals and any other suitable materials may also be used. Further, the first ultraviolet transparent glass tube (210), and the second ultraviolet transparent glass tube (204) each are independently made of quartz glass which is UV transparent, especially in the wavelength range of 100 nm to 400 nm.
[00059] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the diameter of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) to the diameter of the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) is in the range of 1.05 to 5, and preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.1. The provision of the diameters having said ratio ensures that the distance between the ultraviolet lamps (208) and the fuel is minimum, which in turn ensures that the intensity of the UV radiation is not lost, and a maximum possible intensity reaches the fuel.
[00060] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of diameters between the tubular housing and the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube is maintained within a range of 1.05 to 10, preferably 1.05 to 5, more preferably 1.05 to 2, the range being selected to regulate the fuel volume within the annular space, define the annular space thickness, and ensure effective UV radiation penetration to the outermost fuel layer, thereby facilitating efficient fuel sterilization within a minimized residence period.
[00061] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, the ultraviolet lamps (208) irradiate light having wavelengths in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm. Further, the wavelength, the intensity, and the type of ultraviolet lamps may be different within the same system.
[00062] The first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) is manually extractable and insertable, facilitated by applying pressure at one end (210a) and pulling from the opposite end (210b). The annular walls (206w1, 206w2) remain affixed to the tubular housing (202) via adhesive or welding. To prevent fuel leakage, sealing members may be interposed between the inner edges of the annular walls (206w1, 206w2) and the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210). Additional sealing members are employed to seal the interfaces first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) and second (204) ultraviolet light transparent glass tubes, and between the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) and the ultraviolet lamps (208). The latter interface may be further secured by appropriate covering means.
[00063] To enhance fuel residence time and UV radiation exposure without augmenting the system's (200) overall dimensions, the present invention incorporates internal mechanisms designed to elongate the fuel path and/or increase the fuel residence time within the existing confines of the system, which are described herein below.
[00064] In certain embodiments, the system (200) combines dynamic mixing capabilities with ultraviolet irradiation to provide a more efficient and adaptable fuel treatment process. More specifically, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the fuel treatment system includes a static mixer (300) operatively disposed within the annular closed space (202s1). The static mixer (300) is characterized by a body with multiple helical elements (302). The helical elements (302) are configured to induce turbulent flow patterns in the annular closed space (202s1), thereby increasing the residence time of the fuel, and enhancing its exposure to UV treatment.
[00065] Further, in accordance with another embodiment, the static mixer (300) is equipped with a plurality of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) (304) mounted on its external surface. The UV LEDs are electrically connected to a power source and a control unit and are configured to emit ultraviolet radiation within a predetermined wavelength range. This supplementary radiation is directed towards the fuel flowing around the static mixer (300), augmenting the primary ultraviolet treatment provided by ultraviolet lamps housed within the central, ultraviolet light-transparent tube.
[00066] In certain embodiments, the static mixer (300) body is adjustable. More specifically, the helical elements of the mixer can be manipulated to modify their pitch, orientation, or spatial arrangement. This adjustability allows fine-tuning of fuel flow characteristics within the system, enhancement of the treatment process for various fuel types and conditions. The adjustable configuration of the static mixer body is actuated by a mechanism that may include mechanical linkages, hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems, or electromechanical actuators, providing flexibility in implementation and control.
[00067] The static mixer is fabricated from materials resistant to fuel degradation and capable of withstanding prolonged UV exposure, ensuring longevity and consistent performance. For example, the static mixer may be made of same material as the tubular housing mentioned herein above.
[00068] In one embodiment, the invention features a removable design for the static mixer. This mixer is affixed within the annular closed space in a manner that allows easy removal, facilitating periodic maintenance, cleaning, or replacement of the mixer or its components. This design consideration enhances the long-term reliability and efficiency of the fuel treatment system.
[00069] The system (200) may further include a flow distributor apparatus (800) positioned at the fuel inlet port. This flow distributor (800) is a precision-engineered component designed to ensure uniform distribution of incoming fuel within the annular closed space (202s1). The distributor may comprise a series of strategically placed vanes, channels, or perforated plates that collectively function to disperse the incoming fuel stream into a desired flow pattern, which ensures that all portions of the fuel receive equivalent exposure to the treatment processes, thereby maximizing the efficacy and consistency of the treatment.
[00070] In some embodiments, the flow distributor may be a dynamically adjustable flow distributor, which allows real-time adjustment of the distributor's flow channels in response to variations in fuel viscosity, flow rate, or other relevant parameters. The adjustments are governed by a control system that continuously monitors fuel properties and system performance metrics to improve flow distribution under varying operational conditions.
[00071] Further, in addition to the flow distributor, the system (200) may be equipped with at least one non-return valve (700) positioned strategically within the fuel flow path. For example, the non-return valve may be positioned at and around the fuel outlet port (202f2). This valve is designed to prevent the backflow of treated fuel, thereby maintaining the integrity of the treatment process, and preventing contamination of the treated fuel by untreated fuel. The non-return valve employs a high-precision mechanism that allows rapid response to pressure differentials while minimizing flow resistance during normal operation.
[00072] Still further, a mechanism designed to enhance both the residence time of fuel within the system and the duration of its exposure to UV radiation, without necessitating an increase in the overall dimensions of the system (200), which includes the provision of swirl flow generators (not depicted in the figures).
[00073] Specifically, the invention incorporates a plurality of swirl flow generators flow (not shown in the figures) strategically disposed within the closed space (202s1). These generators flow are engineered to induce a rotational flow pattern in the fuel as it traverses the annular space. The swirl flow generators flow may be implemented in two distinct configurations: static, wherein the generators remain stationary, or dynamic, wherein the generators incorporate moving components to further enhance the rotational effect.
[00074] In the preferred embodiment, the swirl flow generators are securely affixed to the inner surface (202w) of the tubular housing (202). This positioning ensures optimal interaction between the generators and the fuel flow, maximizing the efficacy of the rotational induction process. The strategic placement and design of these generators serve to elongate the effective path of fuel travel within the confined space, thereby increasing the duration of UV radiation exposure without compromising the system's compact form factor.
[00075] In order to vary the fuel flow velocity within the annular closed space (202s1) in some embodiments, the diameter of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) and/or the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) is varied along their length thereby varying the annular closed space (202s1). This may result in an increase in fuel residence time as desired.
[00076] In yet another embodiment, the UV LEDs are hermetically sealed and protected by an ultraviolet-transparent, fuel-resistant encapsulation. This design prevents direct contact between the LEDs and the fuel, safeguarding the electrical components while allowing unimpeded transmission of UV radiation.
[00077] A further embodiment incorporates an advanced control unit for governing the operation of the UV LEDs. This unit is programmed to modulate the intensity and duration of ultraviolet radiation emission based on various parameters, including fuel flow rate, fuel composition, and detected microbial load. This adaptive capability ensures optimal treatment efficacy across a range of operating conditions.
[00078] In certain other embodiments, the fuel treatment system (200) includes a series of UV reflectors (400) strategically disposed within the tubular housing. Specifically, the reflectors are disposed on the inner surface of the tubular wall (202w). These reflectors are fabricated from highly polished, UV-resistant materials selected for their superior reflective properties in the ultraviolet spectrum. The reflectors reflect the UV radiation from the ultraviolet lamps (208) back towards the annular closed space (202s1) and hence into the fuel which flows therethrough.
[00079] In some cases, the reflectors may be geometrically arranged to create a complex network of reflected UV radiation, significantly enhancing the overall irradiation efficiency of the system. This arrangement ensures that a greater proportion of the emitted UV light interacts with the fuel, thereby increasing the probability of microbial neutralization.
[00080] In certain embodiments, the reflectors may be placed on the static mixer, specifically, the static mixer strips. In some other embodiments, the reflectors may be placed on the protrusions or the baffles or on both.
[00081] Further, the system is equipped with an advanced intensity control mechanism, which modulates the UV radiation intensity as a function of time or spatial distribution along the length of the tubular housing. The mechanism may include sensors to continuously monitor various parameters such as fuel flow rate, microbial load, and UV transmission efficiency. Based on these inputs, the control mechanism dynamically adjusts the power output of the UV emitters to enhance the irradiation process.
[00082] In certain embodiments, a programmable logic controller (PLC) governs the intensity control mechanism. This PLC is capable of executing complex algorithms that consider multiple variables affecting the UV treatment process. Further, the PLC is programmed to implement adaptive control strategies, such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control loops, to maintain optimal UV dosage despite fluctuations in fuel properties or flow conditions.
[00083] In yet another embodiment, the system incorporates a spatial intensity gradient along the length of the tubular housing. This is achieved through a combination of varied reflector geometries and individually controllable UV emitters. The intensity gradient can be customized to provide higher UV dosages in regions where the fuel first enters the system, gradually decreasing towards the outlet. This configuration ensures thorough initial treatment while preventing potential over-exposure of the fuel.
[00084] A further embodiment of the invention includes a real-time monitoring and feedback system. This system utilizes an array of UV-sensitive photodetectors positioned at strategic locations within the tubular housing. These detectors provide continuous feedback on the actual UV intensity levels at various points in the treatment process. This data is fed into the control mechanism, allowing for real-time adjustments to maintain optimal treatment conditions.
[00085] One embodiment of the system features a user interface that allows manual override and customization of the UV intensity profiles. This interface provides authorized operators with the ability to fine-tune the treatment parameters based on specific fuel compositions or regulatory requirements. The interface also displays real-time system performance metrics and maintains a log of operational data for analysis and quality assurance purposes.
[00086] Through these various embodiments, the present invention offers a highly advanced and adaptable solution for bio-fuel treatment. By combining enhanced UV irradiation efficiency with dynamic intensity control, the system addresses the limitations of conventional treatment methods and provides a sophisticated platform for ensuring the highest standards of fuel quality and safety.
[00087] In a further embodiment, in order to enhance the sterilization process, the system (200) includes a plurality of ultraviolet lamps disposed within the tubular housing. The lamps are characterized by their ability to emit UV radiation at varying wavelengths. The lamps are arranged in a predetermined sequence along the longitudinal axis of the tubular housing, creating a spectrum of UV wavelengths that the fuel encounters as it traverses the system. This arrangement allows a multi-faceted approach to microbial neutralization, targeting different cellular components and metabolic processes of potential contaminants.
[00088] In some exemplary embodiments, the ultraviolet lamps are categorized into distinct wavelength bands, typically including but not limited to UVA (315-400 nm), UVB (280-315 nm), and UVC (100-280 nm) ranges. The specific arrangement of these wavelength bands is optimized based on empirical data regarding the susceptibility of various microbial species commonly found in bio-fuels. For instance, UVC lamps may be predominantly placed near the inlet of the system for their potent germicidal effects, while UVA and UVB lamps are strategically positioned downstream to address any remaining contaminants and potentially catalyze beneficial photochemical reactions in the fuel.
[00089] The system may be further equipped with an independent power modulation system. This configuration allows precise control over the intensity of each wavelength band at different points along the treatment path. The power modulation system is governed by a sophisticated control unit that can adjust the output of each lamp based on real-time sensor data or pre-programmed treatment protocols.
[00090] In some embodiments, the system (200) includes UV-transparent baffles or flow directors within the tubular housing. These structures are designed to increase the residence time of the fuel within each wavelength zone, ensuring adequate exposure to the specific UV spectrum emitted by the lamps in that section. The baffles are fabricated from materials that are both resistant to bio-fuel degradation and highly transmissive to the UV wavelengths employed in the system.
[00091] In an exemplary embodiment, the diameters of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) and the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) are maintained to cause a gradual increase in the area of the annular closed space (202s1) from one end of the system (200) to the other, which enables reduction in fuel flow velocity within the annular closed space (202s1) and hence increase in residence time of the fuel.
[00092] In some embodiments, the inner surface (202w) and/or the outer surface (210s) of the ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) may include protrusions which may help to increase fuel path length and residence time.
[00093] In some other embodiments, the fuel path may be modified to, for example, a serpentine fuel path configuration within the annular closed space (202s1) to increase friction and extend fuel residence time.
[00094] In a working configuration, the fuel inlet port (202f1) is connected to a fuel storage tank (not shown in the figure) wherein the fuel from the tank is pumped into the annular closed space (202s1) through the fuel inlet port (202f1). The ultraviolet light irradiated by the ultraviolet lamps (208) is incident onto the fuel which is flowing into and out of the annular closed space (202s1). The ultraviolet light neutralizes the micro-organisms present in the fuel and the substantially sterilized fuel flows out through the fuel outlet port (202f2) back into the tank.
[00095] Due to the provision of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210), which is easily removable, cleanable, and replaceable, the problem of wetting of the outer surface (204s) of the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) is avoided and further the problem of the tube becoming cloudy or translucent is also avoided and/or eliminated.
[00096] Further, the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) may be replaced or removed and cleaned easily by sliding the tube out of the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) without need for any use of cleaning fluid or the like, therefore obviating the need for removal of the apparatus from the vehicle and further connecting the apparatus to the source of cleaning fluid.
[00097] Further, the problem of second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) becoming cloudy, and the problem of decrease of the UV radiation intensity in the annular closed space is eliminated. Still further, since second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) is not affected, the efficiency of the UV radiations is not reduced and hence the micro-organisms are neutralized efficiently and effectively, which obviates the issue of flow rate reduction and/or the fuel circulation frequency.
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES AND ECONOMICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[00098] The UV fuel treatment system of the present invention affords the following technical and economic advantages:
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES:
[00099] Improved maintainability: The first UV transparent glass tube is easily removable and replaceable without disturbing other components. This allows easy cleaning and maintenance without having to remove the entire system from the vehicle.
[000100] Enhanced treatment efficiency: The system incorporates features like static mixers, UV reflectors, and flow distributors to increase fuel residence time and UV exposure, leading to more effective microbial neutralization.
[000101] Adaptable design: The system allows adjustable UV intensity, variable wavelengths, and modifiable fuel flow characteristics through features like adjustable static mixers and variable tube diameters. This enables optimization for different fuel types and conditions.
ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES:
[000102] Increased system longevity: The ability to easily clean and replace the first UV transparent tube prevents degradation of UV transmission over time, extending the useful life of the system.
[000103] Reduced maintenance costs: The system can be maintained without removal from the vehicle or use of specialized cleaning fluids, reducing service time and costs.
[000104] Improved fuel quality and engine protection: More effective microbial neutralization helps maintain fuel quality and protects engines from microbial contamination, potentially reducing fuel system and engine maintenance costs over time.

,CLAIMS:We claim:
1. A system (200) for ultraviolet (UV) treatment of fuel, the system (200) comprising:
- a tubular housing (202):
• comprising by a tubular wall (202w) enclosing a space (202s) therein;
• having a first open end (202a), and a second open end (202b); and
• having a fuel inlet port (202f1) at and around the first open end (202a), and a fuel outlet port (202f2) at and around the second open end (202b) configured thereon diametrically opposite side to each other;
Characterized in that
- a first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) received in the space (202s);
- a first annular wall (206w1) and a second annular wall (206w2) respectively sealably disposed between the first open end (202a) and a first open end (210a) of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210), and between the second open end (202b) and a second open end (210b) of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210);
- wherein the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210), the tubular wall (202w), the first annular wall (206w1), and the second annular wall (206w2) together configuring an annular closed space (202s1) therebetween;
- a second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) received within the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210);
- ultraviolet lamps (208) operatively disposed within second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204), wherein the ultraviolet lamps (208) connected to an electrical circuit, and a source of electricity for energizing the ultraviolet lamps (208);
- wherein the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210):
• outer surface (210s) is in contact with the fuel received in the annular closed space (202s1);
• is slidably removable and replaceable from the system (200) without disturbing other components of the system.
2. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein
- the ratio of the diameter of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) to the diameter of the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) is in the range of 1.05 to 5; and
- the ratio of the diameters of the tubular housing (202) to the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) is in the range of 1.05 to 10.
3. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1,
- wherein the tubular housing (202) is made of a material selected from the group consisting of metal, and non-metal;
- wherein the metal is one selected from the group consisting of steel, copper, and aluminum;
- wherein the non-metal is one selected from the group consisting of plastic, glass, and ceramics; and
- wherein the ultraviolet lamps (208) irradiate a light having wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm.
4. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1, includes a static mixer (300) disposed within the annular closed space (202s1), wherein the static mixer (300) is configured to increase fuel residence time within the system, wherein the static mixer (300) comprises UV LEDs (304) mounted on its surface for additional UV irradiation of the fuel, and wherein the static mixer (300) has an adjustable body to modify fuel flow characteristics.
5. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1, includes UV reflectors (400) disposed within the tubular housing (202) to enhance UV irradiation efficiency, and includes an intensity control mechanism configured to adjust UV intensity as a function of time, or along the length of the tubular housing (202).
6. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet lamps (208) comprise UV sources with varying wavelengths arranged along the length of the tubular housing (202).
7. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1, includes a flow distributor (800) at the fuel inlet port (202f1) to ensure uniform fuel distribution within the annular closed space (202s1) and at least one non-return valve (700) to prevent backflow of treated fuel.
8. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1, includes swirl flow generators flow to induce rotational flow of the fuel within the annular closed space (202s1).
9. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1,
- wherein the diameter of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) and/or the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) varies along their length to modify fuel flow characteristics;
- includes protrusions on the inner surface of the tubular housing (202) or the outer surface of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) to increase fuel path length and residence time;
- includes a serpentine fuel path configuration within the annular closed space (202s1) to increase friction and extend fuel residence time; and
- includes a plurality of baffles which are disposed within the annular closed space (202s1), the plurality of baffles being configured to increase the residence time of the fuel in the annular closed space (202s1).
10. The system (200) according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the first ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (210) and the second ultraviolet light transparent glass tube (204) are maintained to cause a gradual increase in the area of the annular closed space (202s1) from one end of the system (200) to the other.
Dated this the 01st day of August 2023
For the Applicant – Fleetguard Filters Private Limited

Deepak Pradeep Thakur
The Applicant’s Patent Agent
Reg. No. IN/PA – 3687
To,
The Controller of Patents
The Patent Office
At Mumbai