Rk Respotech – Respiration Enhancing Device

Abstract: TITLE: RK RespoTech – Respiration Enhancing Device KEYWORDS: RK RespoTech, etCo2, Respiration enhancing device, COPD BACKGROUND: Advancements in technology have revolutionized various aspects of our lives, and particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, technology has played a crucial role. One area where technology has made significant progress is in the field of respiratory breath analysis, which is increasingly recognized as a valuable screening tool and non-invasive diagnostic method for evaluating respiratory health and disease states, including obstructive conditions and COVID-19. Digital breath tests offer several advantages over conventional medical tests. They provide feedback, are made in India, are non-invasive, cost-effective, portable, and time-saving, and integrate multiple tools into a single instrument for therapists and clinicians. Digitalization also offers documentation advantages. When assessing respiratory conditions, important examination tools include measuring flow, volumes, capacities, gas concentrations, saturation, flow rates, and time. FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) provides information about the volume of air expelled in the first second of forced expiration, PEFR (peak expiratory flow rate) indicates the maximum flow rate of expiration, and ETCO2 (end-tidal carbon dioxide) reflects the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in expired air. These three outcome measures are crucial for assessing expired air volume, flow, and gas exchange. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are two prevalent respiratory diseases worldwide, affecting millions of people and posing significant health risks, including potential fatalities. Patients with asthma and COPD are advised to perform daily static and dynamic respiratory function measurements to monitor their pulmonary health and prevent exacerbations. Spirometers are commonly used devices for such tests, measuring air volume and speed during inhalation and exhalation to assess lung function and serve as a diagnostic tool for pulmonary diseases and disease progression. AIM: To design and test the RK Respo Tech device- Respiration Enhancing Device. OBJECTIVES: 1. Develop a prototype of a mobile application-based handheld device for respiratory breath analysis, offering a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic method for respiratory diseases like obstructive conditions and COVID-19. Incorporate flow pipe with integrated pressure and gas sensors, along with a Bluetooth wireless transmitter, to enable respiratory signal acquisition and data transmission to a user-friendly smartphone application. 2. Ensure the device's precision and accuracy in detecting peak flow rates, forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), and end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2), comparable to laboratory spirometers and capnograms, while maintaining a low-cost, portable, and battery-powered design. 3. Shift the monitoring of respiratory conditions such as COPD and asthma from clinical laboratories to general-practice settings and homes, empowering patients to perform daily measurements and track their pulmonary health more effectively. 4. Improve patient-physician communication by enabling patients to easily share test results with healthcare providers over the phone or the Internet, facilitating timely consultations and guidance. Provide a comprehensive and all-in-one diagnostic tool for therapists and clinicians, incorporating flow, volumes, capacities, concentration of different gases, saturation, flow rates, and time measurements in one instrument. 5. Create a "Make in INDIA" product, promoting indigenous manufacturing and contributing to the growth of the domestic medical technology sector. 6. Improve upon traditional peak flow meters and spirometers by incorporating digital technology, wireless communication, and data calculation capabilities in a single handheld unit. Facilitate a user-friendly operation through a dedicated smartphone application, allowing patients to use the device easily at home for bedside monitoring of their respiratory health. 7. Enhance the potential of respiratory breath analysis as a valuable screening tool in managing health and disease states, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. By achieving these objectives, the developed handheld device and mobile application can revolutionize respiratory health monitoring, leading to better patient outcomes, increased accessibility, and improved respiratory disease management worldwide. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY- Materials required are Pen, Paper, RMS spirometry 401, RK RespoTech Device, Data Sheet, Mini wright’s peak flow meter, Nose clip, Android Mobile Phone, and Two standard chairs. Sensors are integrated to measure peak expiratory flow rate (flow sensor), FEV1 (volume sensors), and gas sensors for the measurements of ETCO2 in expired air. The device will give on-screen readings and the program will be used to capture, save data, analyze, and interpret data or information. It is a portable hand-held device with built-in sensors that store data for future use. The present study is carried out in 3 phases: Phase I – The device was made up of inbuilt sensors, an Arduino Board, a Micro-controller, and a user interface device. It was used to capture, save data, analyze, and interpret the data or information. Phase II –Data collection and mobile application. Conducting a pilot (validation) study on a normal population and developing final prototype calibration with spirometer for FEV1, for PEFR with MWPFM, and ETCO2 by capnogram. Phase III: Conducting the main (validation) study on people with compromised respiratory conditions and comparing its results with gold standards. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: The statistical data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Statistical analysis shows good validity of the device and devices also prove good interrater reliability of the device. The RK- Respo Tech device is an easy-to-use, cost-effective, and non-invasive device with inbuilt sensors that measure PEFR, FEV1, and ETCO2 in the expired air in a single device. The result also shows a positive correlation between the RK-RespoTech Respiration Enhancing Device with standardized instruments used to measure various lung functions in respiratory conditions. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our revolutionary handheld respiratory monitoring device, coupled with a user-friendly mobile application, represents a significant advancement in respiratory health management. With its portability, integrated diagnostic tools, and wireless connectivity, this device offers functions and precision comparable to laboratory spirometers and peak flow meters. Its superior resolution and test accuracy make it stand out among other portable spirometers, making it an ideal tool for COPD and asthma patients to monitor their lung health at home effectively and frequently. The ability to communicate test results with healthcare providers through the mobile application fosters timely consultations and guidance, further enhancing patient care. This innovative device has the potential to revolutionize respiratory assessment, shifting from clinical laboratories to general-practice settings and homes, ultimately improving patient outcomes and promoting better respiratory health worldwide.

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