DESC:A pesticidal combination
Field of the Invention: The present invention relates to a pesticidal combination comprising a botanical pesticide. Particularly, the invention relates to a pesticidal combination of a botanical pesticide and a (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide, or its derivatives. The present invention more particularly relates to a pesticidal combination comprising a botanical pesticide and a (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide or its derivatives for control of plant pathogens. The present invention further relates to compositions comprising said combination and methods of uses thereof.
Background of the Invention:
Plants are subject to attack by a great number of pests. Several plant diseases caused by pathogens such as fungi, moulds, oomycetes, bacteria, and viruses are known. Many of them, usually connected with climatic conditions favouring their onset and diffusion, have dramatic consequences, causing losses of yields of crops which may have a deep and sometimes catastrophic impact on agricultural economy. Pesticidal compounds have long been used to increase yields and extend agricultural production capabilities into new areas. They have also been extremely important tools for ameliorating season-to-season differences in yield and quality caused by weather-driven variations in pest pressure. The most common methods for controlling pathogens of plants of agronomic or horticultural interest include the use of large amounts of chemicals (fungicides, pesticides, etc.), some of which are classified as carcinogens and/or are toxic for animals and plants. In addition, some pathogens may develop resistance to such chemicals. The risk of resistance development in pathogen populations as well as environmental and human health concerns have fostered interest in identifying alternatives to synthetic pesticides for managing plant diseases.
Research efforts are therefore being paid for developing more environment-friendly pesticides, possibly of natural origin, which may possibly substitute the known synthetic pesticides or at least which may be used in combination with them to reduce the resistance phenomenon and/or their environmental impact.
Botanical pesticides are promising tool as new, effective, environment friendly, and safe means to control pests that damage agriculture or serve as disease vectors. Biological control of phytopathogenic organisms (such as bacteria and fungi) is looked as a more attractive alternative than that of chemical products. This alternative includes the use of botanical pesticides that exist in nature and are the natural enemies of the phytopathogenic organisms to be controlled. Botanical pesticides agents are safer, biodegradable, and less harmful to the environment than the chemical compounds commonly used to protect or treat plant diseases. The use of botanical pesticides is looked as a complementary tool to chemical pesticides.
Botanical pesticides such as plant oils and extract are often utilized as effective tool for integrated pest management. Some of the effective botanical pesticides are the extracts and oils of Curcuma longa, cinnamon (bark and leaf), pongame (Pongamia), rosemary, neem and the like.
Curcuma longa rhizome has been traditionally used as antimicrobial agent as well as an insect repellant. Several studies have reported the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity for curcumin including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antimalarial activities. Curcuma longa is a perennial herb commonly known as turmeric belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. Curcumin (Fig.1), also known as diferuloylmethane, is the most active curcuminoid found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa.

Fig. 1
(C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide are amphoteric surfactants, which have been shown to possess a broad spectrum of activity against a variety of microorganisms. These amine oxides are very effective both as bacteriostatic and bactericidal. The variation in length of the hydrocarbon tail is thought to influence the antimicrobial activity of amine oxide. The antimicrobial activity of these amine oxides consists in their interaction with biological membranes. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide has been reported together with its effect on several microorganisms.
The pesticidal activity of above-mentioned amine oxide and botanical pesticides are well established but generally depends on the application rate, the respective preparation form, the respective harmful bacteria, and fungi to be controlled or the spectrum of these pests, the climatic and soil conditions, etc. Further criteria in this context are duration of action, or the breakdown rate of the pesticide, the general crop plant compatibility and speed of action (more rapid onset of action), the activity spectrum and resistance. Thus, there is frequently a need for targeted synergistic activity against specific species, good control with better overall selectivity, generally lower amounts of active compounds used for equally good control results and for a reduced active compound input into the environment to avoid, for example, leaching and carry-over effects. There is also a need for developing environmentally safe products, yet effective immediate control of pests followed by slow residual control.
Therefore, present invention provides a safe and effective means to replace or lessen the use of chemical pesticides. It is also unique in providing a solution that both inhibits bacteria and fungi in the plant or into its locus. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention address one or more of the above-mentioned problems.
Objectives of the Invention:
An object of the present invention is to provide a combination comprising a pesticidal compound for controlling pests such as bacteria and/or fungi.
An object of the present invention is to provide a combination comprising a pesticidal compound and a surfactant or its derivatives, for controlling bacteria and/or fungi.
An object of the present invention is to provide a combination comprising a pesticidal compound, preferably a botanical pesticide, and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives for controlling bacteria and/or fungi.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of controlling pests at a locus comprising contacting the locus or the pests with a combination comprising a botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide compounds.
Some or all these and other objects of the invention can be achieved by way of the invention described hereinafter.
Summary of the Invention
Therefore, embodiments of the present invention provides combinations of a pesticidal compound, preferably a botanical pesticide and an amine oxide that possess an enhanced efficacy over the individual actives applied individually.
In an aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide selected from plant oils, plant extracts, or combinations thereof; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide selected from plant oils, plant extracts, or combinations thereof; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives,
wherein the botanical pesticide and the (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in a ratio of (1-200) : (200-1).
In other aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pesticidal combination comprising
atleast one botanical pesticide selected from the oils and/or extracts of Curcuma longa, neem, jatropha, terpene, sesame, castor, mahua, oregano, clove, garlic, cinnamon and pongamia plant species; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
In other aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pesticidal combination comprising
atleast one botanical pesticide selected from the oils and/or extracts of Curcuma longa, neem, jatropha, terpene, sesame, castor, mahua, oregano, clove, garlic, cinnamon and pongamia plant species; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives;
wherein said C8-20 alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives and the botanical pesticide are combined in a ratio of (1-200) : (200-1).
In an aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide selected from plant oils, plant extracts, or combinations thereof; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
In an aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide ;
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives; and
atleast one formulation excipient.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with, a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
In an embodiment, said pests are selected from bacteria, fungi, or combinations thereof.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
wherein said botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in a ratio of (1-200) : (200-1).
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal composition comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
In an embodiment, said pests are selected from bacteria, fungi, or combinations thereof.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal composition comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide;
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives; and
atleast one formulation excipient.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit-of-parts comprising :
a first component comprising atleast one botanical pesticide; and
a second component comprising atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or derivatives thereof.
In an embodiment, the kit-of-parts comprises additional components comprising formulation excipients.
In an embodiment, the kit-of-parts comprises a set of instructions to mix and apply the components of the kit-of-parts prior to use.
Detailed description of the invention:
It has surprisingly been found that the combination of botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxides or its derivatives resulted in surprising and unexpected advantages. It was surprising that the combination of botanical pesticide, especially the oils and extracts of Curcuma longa species and (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxides or its derivatives resulted in an enhancement of the efficacy, and a surprising reduction in bacterial and fungal population, seen only with said combination. It has further been found that the combination of botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxides or its derivatives remained safe onto crops with no significant phytotoxicity.
These surprising advantages of the combinations of the invention were not observed when the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxides or its derivatives were applied alone. Therefore, these unexpected advantages of the present invention could be attributed to the combination of botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxides or its derivatives.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It must be noted that, as used in this specification, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
The term "about" used to qualify the amounts of botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxides shall be interpreted to mean "approximately" or "reasonably close to" and any statistically insignificant variations therefrom.
As used herein, the terms “comprising” “including,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. The terms “preferred” and “preferably” refer to embodiments of the invention that may afford certain benefits, under certain circumstances.
In an embodiment, the aspects and embodiments described herein shall also be interpreted to replace the clause “comprising” with either “consisting of’ or with “consisting essentially of’ or with “consisting substantially of’.
The term ‘plants’ refers to all physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.
The term “locus” of a plant as used herein is intended to embrace the place on which the plants are growing, where the plant propagation materials of the plants are sown or where the plant propagation materials of the plants will be placed into the soil. The term locus also encompasses the place on a plant, the plant itself or the place where a plant grows, where the pests infect or are bound to infect.
The term “plant propagation material” is understood to denote generative parts of a plant, such as seeds, vegetative material such as cuttings or tubers, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants, germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion.
The term “agriculturally acceptable amount of active” refers to an amount of an active that kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired, in an amount not significantly toxic to the plant being treated.
The term “control,” as used herein, means killing, reducing in numbers, and/or reducing growth, feeding or normal physiological development of pests, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes and the like that cause diseases in plants.
The term “botanical pesticide,” as used herein, include oils and extracts obtained from various parts of the plant or plant propagation material. It also includes biomarkers compounds present in oils and extract of various parts of the plant or plant propagation material, either in isolated form or as a mixture.
The term “plant extract” as used herein includes oleo resin and is used interchangeably with oleo resin. For instance, “Curcuma longa extract” as used herein includes Curcuma longa oleo resin and is used interchangeably with Curcuma longa oleo resin.
The term “effective amount” is an amount able to noticeably reduces growth of pests or pest population including bacteria, fungi, nematode and the like, that damages plants by harbouring, feeding, root penetration, sucking and other means of deteriorating plant health.
Therefore, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide selected from plant oils, plant extracts, or combinations thereof; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives.
According to an embodiment, the ratio of botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives is in the range of about (1-200) : (1-200).
According to an embodiment of the present invention provides a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide selected from plant oils, plant extracts, or combinations thereof; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives,
wherein said combination of botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in ratio of (1-200) : (1-200).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, said botanical pesticide is selected from plant oils and plant extracts.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plant oil or plant extract as a botanical pesticide is selected from the group consisting of Curcuma longa (turmeric), sesame, Pongamia pinnata (Karanja), castor, jatropha, mahua, garlic, neem, oregano, clove, cinnamon, terpene, and combinations thereof.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract as a botanical pesticide is a Curcuma longa extract.
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract as a botanical pesticide is an extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longa.
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract as a botanical pesticide is an extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longa wherein curcuminoids are present as major ingredient.
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract as a botanical pesticide is an extract of rhizomes of Curcuma longa wherein curcumin is present as a major ingredient.
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract as a botanical pesticide comprises curcumin.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide is curcumin.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract as a botanical pesticide is an extract of seeds of Pongamia pinnata.
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract as a botanical pesticide comprises karanjin.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide is karanjin.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract as a botanical pesticide is a cinnamon extract.
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant extract as a botanical pesticide comprises cinnamaldehyde.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide is cinnamaldehyde.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, said botanical pesticide is a plant oil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plant oil as a botanical pesticide is selected from the group consisting of cinnamon oil, terpene oil, neem oil, sesame oil, jatropha oil, pongamia oil, castor oil, oregano oil, clove oil, turmeric oil, and combinations thereof.
According to an embodiment, the total amount of the botanical pesticide in the pesticidal combination may typically be in the range of 0.01 to 99% by weight.
According to an embodiment, the total amount of the botanical pesticide in the pesticidal combination may typically be in the range of 0.1 to 98% by weight.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide may be in the form of an extract or an oil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide is in the form of an extract, wherein the extract can be prepared by conventional means.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide is in the form of an extract, wherein the extract can be prepared by conventional means such as solvent extraction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide prepared by solvent extraction wherein solvents can be selected from organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and combinations thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present invention pesticidal combination comprises of atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or derivatives thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present invention (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or derivatives thereof is (C8-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention (C8-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide is selected from the group comprising of C8-C10 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C9-C12 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C10-C12 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C11-C15 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C12-C20 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C12-C18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C13-C15 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C14-C16 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C15-C18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C16-C18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C17-C20 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C18-C20 alkyl dimethylamine oxide or mixture thereof.
According to an embodiment, the total amount of (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives in the pesticidal combination may typically be in the range of 0.01 to 99% by weight.
According to an embodiment, the total amount of (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives in the pesticidal combination may typically be in the range of 0.1 to 98% by weight.
According to an embodiment, the total amount of (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide or its derivatives in the pesticidal combination may typically be in the range of 0.1 to 99% by weight.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives and are combined in ratio of (1-200) : (200-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in ratio of (1-200) : (200-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in ratio of (1-100): (100-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives are combined in ratio of (1-100): (100-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in ratio of (1-50): (50-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in ratio of (1-20): (20-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in ratio of (1-10): (10-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in 1: 1 ratio.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in 2: 1 ratio.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in 1: 2 ratio.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in 1: 5 ratio.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in 5: 1 ratio.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a pesticidal combination comprises of
atleast one botanical pesticide selected from the oils and/or extracts of Curcuma longa, neem, jatropha, terpene, sesame, castor, mahua, oregano, clove, garlic, cinnamon and pongamia plant species; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives;
wherein said combination of (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives and the botanical pesticide are combined in ratio of (1-200) : (200-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, pesticidal combination comprises an extract of Curcuma longa and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, pesticidal combination comprises an extract of Curcuma longa and (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, pesticidal combination comprises extract of Curcuma longa and C12-18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the extract of Curcuma longa is in form of oleo resin, curcumin or combination thereof
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the extract of Curcuma longa is in form of oleo resin.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the extract of Curcuma longa is curcumin.
In preferred embodiment, the curcumin has purity of more than 80%.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, pesticidal combination comprises curcumin and C12-18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide is (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, pesticidal combination comprises curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, pesticidal combination comprises oil of Curcuma longa and C12-18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, said botanical pesticide is an essential oil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the essential oil is selected from the group consisting of tea tree oil, cinnamon oil, clove oil, pine oil, mentha oil, camphor oil, carum carvi oil, Foeniculum vulgare oil and combinations thereof.
In an embodiment, wherein the botanical pesticide is a plant essential oil, the plant oil is characterized by presence of one or more biomarkers selected from thymol, geraniol, eugenol, carvacrol, and the like.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the essential oil is cinnamon oil.
In an embodiment, the combinations of the present invention include the following preferred combinations (Table1):
Table-1
Combinations of botanical pesticides with (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or derivatives
# Botanical Pesticide (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or derivatives
1 Curcuma longa extract (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide
2 Pongamia extract (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide
3 Cinnamon extract (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide
4 Curcuma oil (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide
5 Curcumin (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide
6 Cinnamon oil (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide
7 Cinnamaldehyde (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide
8 Pongamia oil (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide
9 Karanjin (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide
10 Curcuma longa extract (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
11 Curcuma oil (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
12 Curcumin (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
13 Pongamia extract (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
14 Pongamia oil (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
15 Karanjin (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
16 Cinnamon extract (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
17 Cinnamaldehyde (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
18 Cinnamon oil (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
19 Curcuma longa extract (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
20 Curcuma oil (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
21 Curcumin (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
22 Pongamia extract (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
23 Pongamia oil (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
24 Karanjin (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
25 Cinnamaldehyde (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
26 Cinnamon extract (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
27 Cinnamon oil (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
28 Curcuma longa extract (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide + CH3(CH2)13 dimethyl amine oxide
29 Curcuma oil (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide + CH3(CH2)13 dimethyl amine oxide
30 Curcumin (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide + CH3(CH2)13 dimethyl amine oxide
31 Pongamia extract (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide + CH3(CH2)13 dimethyl amine oxide
32 Pongamia oil (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide + CH3(CH2)13 dimethyl amine oxide
33 Karanjin (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide + CH3(CH2)13 dimethyl amine oxidelist
34 Cinnamaldehyde (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide + CH3(CH2)13 dimethyl amine oxide
35 Cinnamon oil (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide + CH3(CH2)13 dimethyl amine oxide
36 Cinnamon extract (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide + CH3(CH2)13 dimethyl amine oxide

According to an embodiment of the present invention a pesticidal composition comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide;
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives; and
atleast one formulation excipient.
According to an embodiment of the present invention a pesticidal composition comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide;
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide or its derivatives; and
atleast one formulation excipient;
wherein said (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide or its derivatives and the botanical pesticide are combined in ratio of (1-200) : (200-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition comprises:
from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 99% (w/w) at least one botanical pesticide;
from about 0.01% (w/w) to about 99% (w/w) at least one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives; and
at least one formulation excipient.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition comprises:
from about 0.1% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) at least one botanical pesticide;
from about 1% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) at least one (C12-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives; and
at least one formulation excipient.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide is extract of Curcuma longa.
Ther term “extract of Curcuma longa” comprises oleo resin of Curcuma longa; curcumin; an extract or an oil comprising curcumin; or combination thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the botanical pesticide is curcumin; an extract or an oil comprising curcumin or combination thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a process for preparation of extract of Curcuma longa comprising treating the powdered Curcuma longa Rhizome with an organic solvent at temperature ranging from about 25° to 120°C; filtering the mixture obtained ad distilling out the solvent to obtain extract of Curcuma longa.
According to an embodiment, the organic solvent is an ester solvent such as ethyl acetate.
According to an embodiment, the process for preparation of extract of Curcuma longa is carried out at temperature ranging from 40°C to 100°C.
According to an embodiment, the extract obtained is further purified by recrystallization.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide is selected from (C12-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide is selected from (C12-C18) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition comprises:
from about 1% (w/w) to about 3% (w/w) curcumin; or an extract or an oil comprising curcumin;
from about 30% (w/w) to about 70% (w/w) at least one (C12-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives; and
at least one formulation excipient.
In an embodiment, the pesticidal composition is soluble liquid formulation.
In an embodiment, the pesticidal composition comprises from about 10% (w/w) to about 50% (w/w) of formulation excipient; wherein the excipient is selected from non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, auxiliaries, solvents, adjuvants and the like.
In an embodiment, the pesticidal composition comprises from about 1% (w/w) to about 20%(w/w) of additional surfactant selected from non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants or combination thereof.
In an embodiment, the pesticidal composition comprises from about 10% (w/w) to about 70%(w/w) of solvent selected from water, organic solvent or combination thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition comprises:
from about 1% (w/w) to about 3% (w/w) curcumin; or an extract or an oil comprising curcumin;
from about 40% (w/w) to about 60% (w/w) at least one (C12-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives; and
at least one formulation excipient.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition comprises:
from about 1.5% (w/w) to about 2.5% (w/w) curcumin; or an extract or an oil comprising curcumin;
from about 45% (w/w) to about 55% (w/w) at least one (C12-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives; and
at least one formulation excipient.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition comprises:
1.8% (w/w) curcumin;
50% (w/w) at least one (C12-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives; and
at least one formulation excipient.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the (C12-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives is selected from (C12-C18) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition may be formulated as a soluble liquid, a wettable powder, a granule, dust, a suspension concentrate, an oil in water emulsion, a water in oil emulsion, an emulsifiable concentrate, a capsule suspension, a ZC formulation, an oil dispersion or other known formulation types.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition is formulated as a soluble liquid.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition is formulated as a suspension concentrate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition may comprises of one or more formulation excipient such as solid carrier, non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, auxiliaries, solvents, and the like.
According to an embodiment of the present invention one or more formulation excipient such as solid carrier, non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, auxiliaries, solvents may be selected from the following:
Examples of the solid carrier used in formulation include fine powders or granules such as minerals such as kaolin clay, attapulgite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, diatomaceous earth and calcite; natural organic materials such as corn rachis powder and walnut husk powder; synthetic organic materials such as urea; salts such as calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate; synthetic inorganic materials such as synthetic hydrated silicon oxide; and as a liquid carrier, aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, alkylbenzene and methylnaphthalene; alcohols such as 2- propanol, ethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; ketones such as acetone, cyclohexanone and isophorone; vegetable oil such as soybean oil and cotton seed oil; petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons, esters, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile and water.
Examples of the surfactant include anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfate ester salts, alkylaryl sulfonate salts, dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether phosphate ester salts, lignosulfonate salts and naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde polycondensates; and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylpolyoxypropylene block copolymers and sorbitan fatty acid esters and cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts.
Examples of non-ionic surfactants are selected from the group comprising of alcohol alkoxylates e.g. ethoxylates, particularly of C1 to C20 alcohols which can be linear, branched or linear/branched mixtures; alkyl amine alkoxylates, sorbitol and sorbitan fatty acid, particularly C1 to C20 fatty acid, esters and their ethoxylated derivatives; ethylene oxide propylene oxide block copolymers.
Examples of the other formulation auxiliary agents include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, polysaccharides such as Arabic gum, alginic acid and the salt thereof, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), Xanthan gum, inorganic materials such as aluminium magnesium silicate and alumina sol, preservatives, coloring agents and stabilization agents such as PAP (acid phosphate isopropyl) and BHT.
Examples of solvents include paraffinic (C9 solvent), cyclohexanone; dibasic esters such as, but not limited to, dimethyl 2-methylglutarate, , and a dibasic ester mixture composed of dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, and dimethyl adipate; glycol ethers and polyalkylene diglycol ethers such as, but not limited to, dipropylene glycol methyl ether; alkylene carbonates such as, but not limited to, propylene carbonate; methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoate; ketones such as, but not limited to, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone; water-miscible polar aprotic solvents include, for example, alkyl lactates, isopropyl lactate, alkyl carbonates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, monopropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, and polypropylene glycol alkyl ethers, or mixtures thereof, C6-C14 fatty acid ester, toluene, xylenes, mesitylene, diisopropylbenzene and its higher homologs, indane and naphthalene derivatives, such as 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene; C5-C12 aliphatic hydrocarbons (straight, branched or cyclic), such as, for example, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, octane, 2-ethylhexane, decane; C4-C10 aliphatic alcohols (straight or branched) such as butan-1-ol, hexanol, 2-ethyl butanol, heptanol, octanol, 2-octanol, and 2-ethylhexanol; aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, mineral oil, and the like, alkyl lactates, isopropyl lactate, alkyl carbonates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, monopropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, and polypropylene glycol alkyl ethers, ?,?-dialkylamides (N,N-dimethyl-9-decenamide) or mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention may typically be produced by mixing the actives in the composition with formulation excipients such as an inert carrier, solvents, and adding surfactants and other adjuvants and carriers as needed and formulated into solid, or liquid formulations, including but not limited to wettable powders, granules, dusts, Soluble (liquid) concentrates, suspension concentrates, oil in water emulsion, water in oil emulsion, emulsifiable concentrates, capsule suspensions, ZC formulations, oil dispersions or other known formulation types.
The compositions according to the invention may be used in a preventive or curative capacity for combating fungi, particularly of the basidiomycete, ascomycete, oomycete or imperfect fungi types, in particular rusts, oidium, eyespot, fusarioses, Fusarium roseum, Fusarium nivale, net blotch, leaf blotch, septoria spot, bunt, rhizoctonioses, and other damping off causing fungi of vegetables and plants in general and, in particular, of cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats and their hybrids and also rice and maize.
The compositions according to the invention are active in particular against fungi particularly of the following types: basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, adelomycetes or imperfect fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloesporiodes, Erysiphe graminis, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia triticina, Puccinia recondita, Uromyces appendiculatus, Phakospora pacchyrhizi, Piricularia oryzae, Cercospora beticola, Puccinia striiformis, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Fusarium oxysporum (melonis, for example), Pyrenophora avenae, Septoria tritici, Venturia inaequalis, Whetzelinia sclerotiorum, Manilla laxa, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Marssonina panettoniana, Ahernaria solani, Aspergillus niger, Cercospkioora arachidicola, Cladosporium herbarum, Helminthosporium oryzae, Penicillium expansum, Pestalozzia sp., Phialophora cinerescens, Phoma betae, Phoma foveata, Phoma lingam, Ustilago maydis, Verticillium dahliae, Ascochyta pisi, Guignardia bidwellii, Corticium rolfsii, Phomopsis viticola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor, Coryneum cardinale, Rhizoctonia solani.

The compositions according to the invention are particularly active against soilborne pathogenic fungi, such as following: Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp., Botrytis spp., Thielaviopsis basicola, Fusarium oxysporum, Venturia inaequalis, Botrytis cinerea, Phythium ultimum, Fusarium graminearum, Zymoseptoria tritici and Phytophthora infestans.

The compositions according to the invention are active against the following fungi: Acrostalagmus koningi, Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Diplodia natalensis, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Gibberella fujikuroi, Hormodendron cladosporioides, Lentinus degener or tigrinus, Lenzites quercina, Memnoniella echinata, Myrothecium verrucaria, Paecylomyces varioti, Pellicularia sasakii, Phellinus megaloporus, Polystictus sanguineus, Poria vaporaria, Sclerotium rolfsii, Stachybotris atra, Stereum, Stilbum sp., Trametes trabea, Trichoderma pseudokoningi, Trichothecium roseum.

The compositions according to the invention are active against bacteria, particularly the following types: Xanthomonas campestris pv., Campestris, Ralstonia solanacearum, Xylella fastidiosa and Pseudomonas syringae.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide; and
atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
In a preferred embodiment, the pests are bacteria, fungi, or combinations thereof. Said pests may cause bacterial disease or a fungal disease. The combinations or the compositions of the present invention, while controlling said pests also controls the level of diseases caused by said pests. As a result, the combinations or the compositions of the present invention help improve the health and yield of the plant or a part thereof to which it is applied.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising applying to the locus at which bacterial and fungal control is desired, a pesticidal combination comprising: (a) Curcuma longa, its extract or oil; and (b) atleast one (C8- C20) alkyldimethyl amine N-oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising applying to the locus at which bacterial and fungal control is desired, a pesticidal combination comprising: (a) curcumin, or an extract or oil comprising curcumin; and (b) atleast one (C8- C20) alkyldimethyl amine N-oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising: (a) Curcuma longa extract or oil; and (b) atleast one (C12- C18) alkyldimethyl amine N-oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising: (a) Pongamia extract or oil and (b) atleast one (C8- C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising: (a) cinnamon extract or oil and (b) atleast one (C8- C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising: (a) curcumin, or an extract or an oil comprising curcumin, and (b) atleast one (C8- C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising: (a) karanjin, or an extract or an oil comprising karanjin, and (b) atleast one (C8- C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising: (a) cinnamaldehyde, or an extract or an oil comprising cinnamaldehyde, and (b) atleast one (C8- C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide; and
atleast one (C8- C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide or its derivatives;
wherein said botanical pesticide and (C8- C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in ratio of (1-200) : (200-1).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with a pesticidal combination comprising:
atleast one botanical pesticide selected from the oils and/or extracts of Curcuma longa, neem, jatropha, terpene, sesame, castor, mahua, oregano, clove, garlic, cinnamon and pongamia plant species; and
atleast one (C8- C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide or its derivatives;
wherein said botanical pesticide and C8-20 alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives are combined in ratio of (1-200) : (200-1).
It is readily understood that the method of treatment of the present invention may be used on all host plants that are infected by bacteria and fungi listed above. Such exemplary host plants may include rice, wheat, soybean, Fenugreek, Kidney beans, Pinto beans, Fava or Broadbeans, Lima beans, Mung beans, Winged or Goa beans, Black- eyed Pea, Cowpea or Yard-long Bean, Green peas, Pigeon Pea, Swordbean, Urd or Black- gram, fruits, and vegetables etc.
The method of treatment of the present invention may be used to treat following fungal and bacterial diseases of all host plants:
Disease in rice: Blast (Magnaporthe grisea), Helminthosporium leaf spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), and bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi).
Diseases in wheat: powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita), pink snow mold (Micronectriella nivale), Typhula snow blight (Typhula sp. ), loose smut (Ustilago tritici), bunt (Tilletia caries), eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides), leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola), glume blotch (Stagonospora nodorum), septoria, and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis).
Diseases of barley: powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. hordei), loose smut (Ustilago nuda), scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus), leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea), and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases in corn: smut (Ustilago maydis), brown spot (Cochliobolus heterostrophus), copper spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi), southern rust (Puccinia polysora), gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis), white spot (Phaeosphaeria mydis and/or Pantoea ananatis) and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of citrus: melanose (Diaporthe cirri), scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), penicillium rot (Penicillium digitatum, P.italicum), and brown rot (Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora).
Diseases of apple: blossom blight (Monilinia mali), canker (Valsa ceratosperma), powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata apple pathotype), scab (Venturia inaequalis), powdery mildew, bitter rot (Colletotrichum acutatum), crown rot (Phytophtora cactorum), blotch (Diplocarpon mali), and ring rot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana).
Diseases of pear: scab (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina), powdery mildew, black spot (Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype), rust (Gymnosporangium haraeanum), and phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophtora cactorum).
Diseases of peach: brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), powdery mildew, scab Cladosporium carpophilum), and phomopsis rot (Phomopsis sp.).
Diseases of grape: anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), ripe rot (Glomerella cingulata), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), Botrytis, and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).
Diseases of Japanese persimmon: anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki), and leaf spot (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae).
Diseases of gourd: anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), gummy stem blight (Mycosphaerella melonis), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora sp.), and damping-
off (Pythium sp ).
Diseases of tomato: early blight (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), and late blight (Phytophthora infestans).
Diseases of eggplant: brown spot (Phomopsis vexans), and powdery mildew (Erysiphe
cichoracearum) Diseases of cruciferous vegetables: Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria japonica), white spot (Cercosporella brassicae), clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), and downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica).
Diseases of onion: rust (Puccinia allii), and downy mildew (Peronospora destructor).
Diseases of soybean: purple seed stain (Cercospora kikuchii), sphaceloma scad (Elsinoe glycines), pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), septoria brown spot (Septoria glycines), frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Yellow rust, brown stem rot (Phytophthora sojae), and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of kidney bean: anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum). Diseases of peanut: leaf spot (Cercospora personata), brown leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii).
Diseases of garden pea: powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi), and root rot (Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi).
Diseases of potato: early blight (Alternaria solani), late blight (Phytophthora infestans), pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica), and powdery scab (Spongospora subterranean f. sp. subterranea).
Diseases of strawberry: powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli), and anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata).
Diseases of tea: net blister blight (Exobasidium reticulatum), white scab (Elsinoe leucospila), gray blight (Pestalotiopsis sp.), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum theae- sinensis).
Diseases of tobacco: brown spot (Alternaria longipes), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum), downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina), and black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae).
Diseases of rapeseed: sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and Rhizoctonia damping- off (Rhizoctonia solani). Diseases of cotton: Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani). Diseases of sugar beat: Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), leaf blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris), Root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), and Aphanomyces root rot (Aphanomyces cochlioides). Diseases of rose: black spot (Diplocarpon rosae), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa), and downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa). Diseases of chrysanthemum and asteraceous plants: downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), leaf blight (Septoria chrysanthemi-indici), and white rust (Puccinia horiana).
Diseases of various other crops: diseases caused by Pythium spp. (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium debarianum, Pythium graminicola, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum), gray mold. (Botrytis cinerea), and Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum).
Disease of Japanese radish: Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicicola).
Diseases of turfgrass: dollar spot (Sclerotinia homeocarpa), and brown patch and large patch (Rhizoctonia solani).
Disease of banana: Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis), Yellow sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola).
Disease of sunflower: downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii).
Seed diseases or diseases in the early stages of the growth of various plants caused by Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Gibberella spp., Tricoderma spp., Thielaviopsis spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Corticium spp., Phoma spp., Rhizoctonia spp. and Diplodia spp.
In an embodiment, the constituents of the composition of the present invention may be tank mixed and sprayed at the locus of the infection or may alternatively be mixed with surfactants and then sprayed.
In an embodiment, the constituents of the composition of the present invention may be used for foliar application, ground application, or applications to plant propagation materials.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a kit-of-parts comprising :
a first component comprising atleast one botanical pesticide; and
a second component comprising atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or derivatives thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a kit-of-parts comprising :
a first component comprising atleast one botanical pesticide; and
a second component comprising atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide or its derivatives.
The compositions for the kit-of-parts (may also be referred to as “kit” synonymously) may be formulated in any conventional form. Thus, the kit comprises a first container comprising atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide and optionally, a carrier; and a second container comprising a botanical pesticide and optionally, a carrier. In general, each of the compositions for the kit comprise from 0.01 to 90% by weight of active agent and from 10 to 99.99% solid or liquid formulation inert ingredients and adjuvants. Concentrated forms of compositions generally contain from about 2% and 80%, (e.g., about 10% and 50%) by weight of active agent. Instructions for use may also be provided with the kit.
These and other advantages of the invention may become more apparent from the examples set forth herein below. These examples are provided merely as illustrations of the invention and are not intended to be construed as a limitation thereof.
Examples
Preparation of Botanical Pesticide
Example A: Preparation of oleo resin from Curcuma longa Rhizome
200g of commercially available Curcuma longa Rhizome was grounded to powder and 800ml of ethyl acetate was added to it. The mixture was heated to 80 to 90°C for 14-16 hours. The mixture was then filtered, and filtrate was subjected to distillation under vacuum at 40 to 50°C to yield 21.96g of oleo resin.
Example B: Purification of oleo resin
The curcumin oleo resin obtained in example A, was crystallised with 32.85g of ethyl acetate at 20-25°C for 7 days. The mixture was then filtered at room temperature and then dried to obtain 4.78 g of curcumin having HPLC purity of more than 95%.
Example-1: Study of combined effect of curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide on Xanthomonas campestris.
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of components against Xanthomonas campestris was determined using two-fold serial Tube dilution test. Various samples were prepared of which one was curcumin alone and (C12-18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide alone while rest of the samples were a combination of curcumin and (C12-18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide in various ratios like 40:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20 and 1:40 respectively.
Assay method:
Two-fold Serial dilutions of all biocide test samples ranging from 1000 ppm to 31.25 ppm of the test samples are made in a liquid medium Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at pH of 7.3. Tryptic soy broth (TSB) at pH of 7.3 not containing biocide was used as blank control.
Preparation of bacterial suspension:
Bacterial culture: Xanthomonas campestris
The bacterial culture was maintained as glycerol stocks at -80 °C in cryovials, were thawed and then 100 µL spread on Tryptic soy (TSA) agar plates and incubated for 1 day at 30 °C.
A loop full culture of bacteria from TSA agar plate was aseptically transferred to 100 mL TSB and incubated overnight at 30 °C.
For the inoculum, culture density was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland Standard using sterilized TSB.

Each test sample 5 mL was inoculated with 100 µL bacterial suspension. Same set of test samples was inoculated with 100 µL sterilized TSB as control sample. All inoculated and un-inoculated tubes were incubated for 48 hrs at 30 °C. Observations were done visually by a growth / no growth rating. Growth of the microorganisms leads to turbidity after the incubation, clarity indicates no growth. The Minimum Inhibitory Test (MIC) is designed to evaluate the lowest concentration of a biocide, biocide blend or biocide combination to prevent bacteria from growing in a defined broth. After incubation, the samples are rated based on visually detectable turbidity.
Synergy evaluation:
1) The synergism of the biocides combination of the present invention was determined using the method described by Kull, F.C., et. al in Applied Microbiology 9:538-541 (1961).
2) The formula to calculate the synergy index (SI) is
Qa/QA + Qb/QB = SI
Where,

QA= concentration of compound A in ppm, acting alone produced an end point (growth / no growth)

Qa = concentration of compound A in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point (no growth)

QB= concentration of compound B in ppm, acting alone produced an end point (growth / no growth)

Qb= concentration of compound B in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point (growth / no growth)
Here, compound A is curcumin; and compound B is (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
Synergism within two biocides is demonstrated when the SI has a value less than 1. The mixtures showed an additive effect if SI is equal to 1 and antagonistic if SI is greater than 1.
The Curcumin and (C12-18) alkyl dimethyl amine N-oxide exhibited synergistic antimicrobial activity under in-vitro conditions at concentration ratio 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, and 1:5 etc. against Xanthomonas campestris. (Table 2)
Table 2
Biocidal efficacy and synergy evaluation of curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide Xanthomonas campestris
Test No. Active weight ratio of Curcumin : (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide Minimum inhibitory concentration (ppm) Synergy Index
Concentration of Mixture total Concentration of individual compound in mixture
Curcumin (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide
T1 Curcumin 1000 1000 0
T2 10:1 500 455 45 0.6
T3 5:1 500 417 83 0.6
T4 1:1 500 250 250 0.8
T5 1:5 500 83 417 0.9
T6 (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide 500 0 500
*Synergy index: a value lesser than 1 indicates synergism.
Therefore, synergy index obtained in the above table demonstrate that curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide exhibited synergy when combined in various ratios such as 10:1, 5:1, 1:1 and 1:5.
Example-2: Determination of synergy of curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide against selected phytopathogenic fungi
Four phytopathogenic fungi were selected Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum capsici, and Diplodia maydis. Fungal cultures were revived on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates for getting fresh grown cultures for the further experiments. Test plates containing PDA incorporated with Curcumin alone at 900 ppm concentration, (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide at 100 ppm concentration and a combination of curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide were prepared whereas control plates contained PDA devoid of test compound. Both test and control plates were inoculated with 8 mm disc of respective fungal culture cut from growing edge of freshly grown fungal cultures. Inoculated PDA plate (test and control) were allowed to incubate for 6-7 days in dark at 28-30 °C. After incubation the samples were observed for circular growth of inoculated fungal cultures. The growth was measured in terms of growth diameter in mm. The percent growth inhibition in all tests was calculated. Using Abbott’s formula (Colby formula) interaction among two components were determined.
Calculations for % inhibition
% inhibition=((Growth in Control-Growth in test))/(Growth in control)×100
Calculations for determining interaction among test compounds:
Abbott’s formula (Colby formula) to determine expected % control is
E=(X+Y)-(X ×Y)/100
Where,
X= % inhibition by compound A alone;
Y= % inhibition by compound B alone; and
E= expected % inhibition by A+B both mixed together.
The actual measured % inhibition value (M) obtained by fungicidal substances mixture is then compared to the ‘expected’ value, if M > E then synergism exist; M < E then antagonism exist; and M = E then additive effect exists. (Table 3)
Table 3
Antifungal interaction of Curcumin @ 900 ppm and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide @ 100 ppm against selected phytopathogenic fungi
Fungi
Curcumin @
900 ppm (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide @
100 ppm Curcumin + (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide (900 ppm + 100 ppm)
Abbotts expected (E) Actual measured (M) Comparison Inference
% growth inhibition
Rhizoctonia solani 68.8 0 68.8 77.6 M>E Synergy
Fusarium oxysporum 54.1 8.8 58.2 61.8 M>E Synergy
Colletotrichum capsici 64.1 6.5 66.4 68.0 M>E Synergy
Diplodia maydis 41.2 16.5 50.9 57.1 M>E Synergy
It was found that curcumin and ((C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide showed synergistic antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum capsici, and Diplodia maydis.
Example 3: Composition of curcumin and alkyl amine N-oxide
Composition Quantity (% w/w)
Curcumin 1.8
(C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide 50
Propylene glycol 23.45
Surfactant 8
Solvent 10
Water Q.S.
Total 100

1.8g curcumin, 50g (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, 7.5g propylene glycol, 8.5g surfactant, 10g solvent and water were mixed together followed by gentle shaking until a homogenized to obtain soluble liquid composition.
Efficacy testing of the curcumin composition on various fungal strains
Test method
Chemical reference and the composition of Example-3 were incorporated in the lukewarm autoclaved culture medium. The chemical references were selected from known active ingredients like captan, fenhexamid, propamocarb, azoxystrobin and mancozeb. The culture media was different according to the pathogen. Each treatment was composed of four replicates. Petri dishes were stored at ambient temperature until inoculation. For filamentous pathogens, each Petri dish was inoculated with an inverted mycelium plug (4 mm diameter), cut from the edge of a 7 to 14-days-old (depending on the pathogen) culture. For non-filamentous pathogens, each Petri dish was inoculated by spreading an inoculum on the medium surface with a sterile rake shaped spreader. All Petri dishes were incubated at 24°C ± 4°C with a natural day/night cycle.

Pathogen growth measurement
For filamentous pathogens, the mycelial growth was evaluated after a different number of days depending on the pathogen but at the latest when the pathogen on the untreated plates had reached the edges of the Petri dishes. Assessments were done by measuring two perpendicular diameters of each fungal mycelium. Only the highest value was selected as it represents the highest growth capacity of the pathogen. For non-filamentous pathogens, the percentage of pathogen development was visually determined, based on a rating scale.
The number of days between the inoculation and the assessment was recorded. The results are presented in the Table 4.
Table 4
Efficacy of Curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide composition on various fungal strains in comparison with chemical pesticide
Fungal strains Product concentration (ml/L) Chemical Reference
0.4 2 10
% control
Venturia inaequalis 50-75 50-75 75-100 50-75
Botrytis cinerea 90.6 94.7 100 100
Phythium ultimum 75.3 100 100 73.7
Zymoseptoria tritici 50-75 100 100 100
Phytopthora infestans 53.4 96.9 100 100

The composition of Example 3 presented a very high efficacy on Botrytis cinerea and Pythium ultimum from 0.4 mL/L, on Zymoseptoria tritici and Phytophthora infestans from 2 mL/L, on Venturia inaequalis and Fusarium graminearum at 10 mL/L. The efficacy was between 75% and 100%. The composition of The composition of Example-3 presented a good efficacy on Venturia inaequalis at 0.4 and 2 mL/L, on Zymoseptoria tritici and Phytophthora infestans at 0.4mL/L. The efficacy was between 50% and 75%.

Example 4 Field study
The combination of curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide was tested on lemon trees to observe efficiency of the combination in treating Citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri). The results were compared with untreated check as well market product (Copper sulphate 12 + Mancozeb 30% WG). Four different trials (7 DA-A, 7 DA-B, 7 DA-C and 7 DA-D) were conducted and percent disease control was calculated after seven days of treatment. It was found that the combination of curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide found to control citrus canker disease quite effectively, at par with and even better than market product. (Table-5)
Table 5
Efficacy of Curcumin and (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide composition on citrus canker
# Treatment details Form. Dose rate
(ml or g/ ha) Percent Disease Control (PDC)
7 DA-A 7 DA-B 7 DA-C 7 DA-D
1 Untreated check -- - - - -
2 (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide and curcumin 25 100.00 71.12 71.24 73.03
3 Copper sulphate 12% + Mancozeb 30% WG (chemical reference) 25 100.00 61.88 58.04 59.11

Therefore, it was thus concluded that the addition of (C12-C18) alkyl dimethyl amine oxide and botanical pesticides, especially botanical fungicides surprisingly gave a synergistic effect. The combination showed increased disease control and improved yield of plants. The instant invention is more specifically explained by above examples. However, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the examples in any manner. It will be appreciated by any person skilled in this art that the present invention includes aforesaid examples and further can be modified and altered within the technical scope of the present invention. While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above-described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention. ,CLAIMS:1. A pesticidal combination comprising:
at least one botanical pesticide selected from plant oils, plant extracts, or combinations thereof; and
at least one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives.

2. The combination claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of botanical pesticide and (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives is in the range of about (1-200) : (1-200).

3. The combination claimed in claim 1, wherein the botanical pesticide is plant oil or plant extract selected from the group consisting of Curcuma longa (turmeric), sesame, Pongamia pinnata (Karanja), castor, jatropha, mahua, garlic, neem, oregano, clove, cinnamon, terpene, and combinations thereof.

4. The combination claimed in claim 1, wherein the (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives thereof is (C8-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide.

5. The combination claimed in claim 4, wherein the (C8-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide is selected from the group comprising of C8-C10 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C9-C12 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C10-C12 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C11-C15 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C12-C20 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C12-C18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C13-C15 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C14-C16 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C15-C18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C16-C18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C17-C20 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, C18-C20 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, or mixtures thereof.

6. The combination as claimed in claim 3, wherein the botanical pesticide is an extract of Curcuma longa.

7. The combination as claimed in claim 6, wherein the extract of Curcuma longa is in form of oleo resin, curcumin or combination thereof.

8. A pesticidal composition comprising:
a) from 0.1% (w/w) to about 10% (w/w) at least one botanical pesticide;
b) from 1% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w) at least one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or its derivatives; and
c) at least one formulation excipient.

9. The composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the botanical pesticide is extract of Curcuma longa.

10. The composition as claimed in claim 8, wherein the (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide is selected from (C12-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives.

11. A pesticidal composition comprising:
a) from 1% (w/w) to about 3% (w/w) curcumin, or an extract or an oil comprising curcumin;
b) from 30% (w/w) to about 70% (w/w) at least one (C12-C20) alkyl dimethylamine oxide or its derivatives; and
c) at least one formulation excipient.

12. The pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 11, wherein the composition is formulated as a soluble liquid.

13. A method of controlling pests at a locus, said method comprising contacting the locus and/or the pests with the pesticidal combination as claimed in claim 1 or the pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 8.

14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the pests are bacteria, fungi, or combinations thereof.

15. A kit-of-parts comprising:
a first component comprising atleast one botanical pesticide; and
a second component comprising atleast one (C8-C20) alkyl amine oxide or derivatives thereof.