DESC:Synergistic Herbicide Combination Comprising Haloxyfop
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising the combination of haloxyfop with one or more herbicides in EC / WDG / SC / SL / OD / OS / Solid Granules and other formulations in different percentages. More precisely, the subject matter of the present invention is a synergistic herbicidal composition based on a combination comprising of haloxyfop as a main component with one or more herbicides selected from triazinone herbicides and / or organo-phosphorous herbicide and / or diphenyl ether herbicide optionally with at least one agrochemical acceptable excipient(s) which will facilitate in the preparation of desired formulations. The present invention also relates to the process for the preparation of synergistic herbicidal composition thereof and use of this combination for contending weeds and protecting the crop from being affected with such weeds during its growth.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Crop protection is the practice of protecting the crop yields from pests, weeds, plant diseases, and other organisms that damage agricultural crops, which is critical from initial stages of crop development. Preventing weed growth in the entire crop cycle, i.e., from root development to maturing crop, leads to increased crop quality and yield. The control of weeds is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Unwanted vegetation causes considerable damage to vegetables, fields, cereal, fruit, and other crops that compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight leading to reduction in productivity, yield, and quality of the crops. Herbicides help to minimize this damage by controlling the growth of weeds. The use of two or more appropriate active ingredient combinations in specific dose ratios leads to synergism in crop protection. In addition to this, often highly destructive weeds can be difficult to control and may develop resistance to commercial herbicides. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but there is still a continues need to develop new herbicidal combinations which are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer and have different sites of action.
The biggest challenge in field of crop protection is to reduce the dosage rate of active ingredients to diminish or circumvent environmental or toxicological effects without compromising on effective crop protection against weeds, in addition to long lasting and broad-spectrum of weed control. Another challenge is to reduce the excessive application of solo chemical compounds or herbicides which invariably helps in rapid selection of weeds and aid in developing natural or adapted resistance against the active compound.
Therefore, it is indeed necessary to use the herbicidal combinations in lower doses, fast acting with the different mode of action that can provide long lasting control against broad spectrum weed control and check the resistance development in weeds. The composition should have high synergistic action, no cross resistance to existing herbicides, avoid excess loading of the toxicant to the environment and negligible impact to environmental safety. A need also exists for synergistic herbicidal compositions which could be physico-compatible formulations in the form of storage stable, safely packed, ready to use formulation.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The principal object of the present invention is to provide an herbicidal combination which solves at least one of the major problems discussed above like reducing the dosage rate, broadening the spectrum of activity, or combining activity with prolonged weed control and resistance management with improved environmental safety by reducing toxicity and residue deposit in soil and in crops.
The details of one or more embodiments of this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying description below and other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and the claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure / specification refers to a synergistic herbicidal combination and the process for the preparation for crop protection.
The term “combination” can be replaced with the words “mixture” or “composition”, or “formulation” defined or refers to as combining two or more active ingredients formulated in desired formulations.
The term “agrochemical auxiliaries” can be replaced with the words have same meaning “formulation excipients” or “inactive excipients” or “agriculturally acceptable excipients” or “agrochemical excipients” or “agrochemical acceptable excipients”.
The term “pesticide” as used in this specification refers to a substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest or weeds which causes damage to the crop. Herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides are used as pesticides which control weeds and insect pests and disease-causing pathogens respectively that eventually leads to high yield of crops.
The term “herbicides” as used in this specification refers to a substance or mixture of substances used to kill, control, or eliminate unwanted plants or vegetation, commonly known as weeds that cause economic damage to crop and ornamental plants.
The term “synergism” as used in this specification refers to the interaction between two or more active compounds or other factors to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. The present invention involves the mixture of two active ingredients which has increased efficacy when compared to individual use and admixture of those components.
Conventional herbicides have typical spectrums and effects, are limited to certain weeds only and their controlling activities are sometimes poor and not satisfactorily maintained for prolonged period, and those satisfactory herbicidal effects cannot be practically achieved. Even though some herbicides may bear satisfactory herbicidal effects, they require improvements in respect of environment & health safety and are also demanded to achieve a high herbicidal effect at a smaller dosage and lack of resistance management.
We found that this objective in part or as a whole can be achieved by the combination of active compounds defined at the outset. The present inventors have intensively studied to solve these problems. We have found that by combining herbicide composition having haloxyfop as a main component with one or more herbicides selected from triazinone herbicides and / or organo-phosphorous herbicide and / or diphenyl ether herbicide and percentages have astonishing effects of controlling weeds and by reducing amount of dosage than in a case of using an active compound alone and admixture of those compounds.
This combination can be developed in the form of Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC), Dispersible Concentrates (DC), Oil Dispersions (OD), Suspension Concentrates (SC), Soluble Liquids (SL), Suspo emulsion (SE), Emulsion Concentrates (EW), Microemulsions, Wettable Powders (WP), Water-Dispersible Granules (WG), Soluble Powders (SP), Granules (GR), Oil Solutions (OS), Aqueous Suspensions (AS), Aqueous Solutions (AS), Microencapsulated Suspensions (ME), and Microencapsulated Emulsions (MEC), mixed formulation of Suspension Concentrate and Capsule Suspension (ZC) and other conventional formulation and with different percentages and can be used as an pre-emergent or early-post or post-emergent herbicidal combination for foliar applications or soil applications. This herbicidal combination can also effectively check the weeds and resistance development of weeds in various crops.
The present invention involves the mixture of active ingredients selected from haloxyfop with one or more herbicides selected from triazinone herbicides and / or organo-phosphorous herbicide and / or diphenyl ether herbicide and are described herein thereof.
Aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) are selective, systemic, and post-emergence class of herbicides that inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids and destroy the membrane structure by inhibiting the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) in the chloroplasts of weeds to achieve herbicidal effects. Its selective control of grass weeds, while causing little or no damage to broad-leaved crops by inhibiting de-novo synthesis of fatty acid. They control a wide range of annual and perennial grasses in cool and warm temperate regions when applied post-emergence.
Haloxyfop is a selective, systemic, broad-spectrum commodity herbicide of aryloxy phenoxy propionate class for the control of grass weeds. Originally it was produced as a racemic mixture. The R-isomer is the herbicidal active compound. Mode of action is eliminating the weeds by inhibiting lipid synthesis and inducing oxidative stress. Preferably haloxyfop-methyl involves inhibiting the enzyme acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) by converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which is essential for lipid synthesis in plants ultimately leading to the death of grassy weeds. After application, susceptible grassy weeds treated with Haloxyfop-methyl exhibit symptoms such as chlorosis (yellowing), necrosis (tissue death), stunting, and death of unwanted weeds. These symptoms result from the disruption of lipid synthesis and subsequent impairment of vital cellular processes.
Another component is the triazinone herbicides that act by inhibiting photosynthesis via blocking the electron transport chain at the plastoquinone-binding region of the D1 protein subunit of PSII.
Metribuzin is a selective, systemic, pre-emergence, post-emergence herbicide of triazinone class widely used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds by interference with photosystem II electron transport in weed chloroplasts. This results in death due to starvation in the targeted weed.

Another component is the organo-phosphorous or organo-phosphinic acid also called as hypo phosphorous acid (HPA) class of herbicides containing carbon-phosphorus bonds which is analogues of phenylglycine, and phenylalanine and acts as herbicides against Lepidium sativum and Cucumis sativus. Phosphonic acid is efficiently absorbed through roots and leaves by the phosphate transport system and is translocate throughout the plant. It is nonselective herbicide with low persistence in soil and has a broad spectrum through its systemic action.
Glufosinate ammonium (IUPAC name: 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl] butanoate, molecular formula: C5H15N2O4P, molecular weight: 198.16 g/mol) also known as phosphinothricin, is a naturally occurring phytotoxin that was first isolated from the bacteria, Streptomyces viridochromogenesa.
Glufosinate exists in ammonium salt form and is a systemic herbicide that has high crop safety by affecting only the part of a plant it is applied with curative and protective effects. Glufosinate controls weeds by inhibiting glutamine synthetase, an enzyme involved in the incorporating of ammonium into the amino acid glutamine. Inhibition of this enzyme causes a buildup of phytotoxic ammonia in plants which disrupts cell membranes which reduces the growth of the weeds in the crop fields. It is a non-selective foliar herbicide used for broad spectrum application before planting or prior to emergence of canola, corn, sweet corn, soybean, sugar beet, oilseed rape, maize, potatoes, soybeans, both annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in fruit orchards, vineyards, rubber and oil palm plantations, ornamental trees and bushes, pre-emergence in vegetables, non-cropped areas and thereof.

Fomesafen is a selective, systemic, pre-emergence and post-emergence classified under diphenyl ether herbicides acts by inhibiting the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) enzyme involved in chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis leads to lipid peroxidation and membrane disruption resulting in rapid degeneration of weed by causing chlorosis/necrosis of leaves. It controls the broadleaf weeds, grasses and sedges in several crops.
The present invention provides a novel synergistic herbicide composition comprising of haloxyfop with one or more herbicides selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen and purpose thereof. The synergy of herbicidal composition has the main effective component of haloxyfop with one or more herbicides selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen acts by interference/inhibition of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, photosystem II electron transport, glutamine synthetase and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) enzyme respectively can generate efficient synergism as a pre-emergence or early-post or post-emergent herbicidal combination and can enable broad spectrum satisfactory weed control and protect the several crop from sedges, grasses and broad leaf weeds for prolonged period of time at lower dose with no phytotoxic effect. It also prevents the weeds from rejuvenation and further regeneration.
The first embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
at least one aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide and
at least one herbicide selected from triazinone herbicide and / or organo-phosphorous herbicide and / or diphenyl ether herbicide.
The first aspect of the first embodiment, the aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to chlorazifop, clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, difenopenten, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenthiaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, trifop, and trifopsime.
The second aspect of the first embodiment, the triazinone herbicide, is selected from the group comprising but not limited to ametridione, amibuzin, ethiozin, hexazinone, isomethiozin, metamitron, and metribuzin.
The third aspect of the first embodiment, the organo-phosphorous herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to amiprofos, bensulide, bilanafos, butamifos, DMPA, fosamine, glufosinate, glyphosate, huangcaoling, and shuangjiaancaolin.
The fourth aspect of the first embodiment, the diphenyl ether herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen, ethoxyfen, etnipromid, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen,fucaomi, furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, and oxyfluorfen.
The fifth aspect of the first embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide and with at least one herbicide selected from triazinone herbicide and / or organo-phosphorous herbicide and / or diphenyl ether herbicide; wherein aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide and second herbicide are present in the weight ratio of (1-80):(1-80).
The second embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
at least one aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide;
at least one herbicide selected from triazinone herbicide and / or organo-phosphorous herbicide and / or diphenyl ether herbicide; and
at least one agrochemical acceptable excipient.
The first aspect of the second embodiment, the aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to chlorazifop, clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, difenopenten, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenthiaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, trifop, trifopsime.
The second aspect of the second embodiment, the triazinone herbicide, is selected from the group comprising but not limited to ametridione, amibuzin, ethiozin, hexazinone, isomethiozin, metamitron, and metribuzin.
The third aspect of the second embodiment, the organo-phosphorous herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to amiprofos, bensulide, bilanafos, butamifos, DMPA, fosamine, glufosinate, glyphosate, huangcaoling, and shuangjiaancaolin.
The fourth aspect of the second embodiment, the diphenyl ether herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen, ethoxyfen, etnipromid, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen,fucaomi, furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, and oxyfluorfen.
The fifth aspect of the second embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide and with at least one herbicide selected from triazinone herbicide and / or organo-phosphorous herbicide and / or diphenyl ether herbicide; wherein aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide and second herbicide are present in the weight ratio of (1-80):(1-80).
The sixth aspect of the second embodiment, agrochemical acceptable excipient selected from but not limited to the group comprising carrier, surfactant, stabilizer, anti-freezing agent, antifoaming agent, anticaking agent, dispersing agent, and adjuvant(s). These are selected according to the respective types of formulation requirements, and which will facilitate in the preparation different formulations.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, carrier can be selected from liquid medium or solid medium which will provides a stable environment to the formulation. Wherein liquid medium selected from but not limited to water and organic solvents incudes hydrocarbon solvents and cycloalkanes, ether solvents, ester solvents, ketones solvents, alcohols solvents, and polar-aprotic solvents.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, surfactant includes wetting agent, and emulsifier.
Further aspect of the present invention, emulsifier includes anionic emulsifiers, cationic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsifiers, amphoteric emulsifiers, phospholipids, glyceryl esters, and other commercially available emulsifiers.
A further aspect of the present invention, anionic emulsifiers selected from but not limited to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxylate sulfates, and calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate.
A further aspect of the present invention, cationic emulsifiers selected from but not limited to cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and stearalkonium chloride.
Further aspect of the present invention nonionic emulsifiers selected from but not limited to polysorbate 80, polysorbate 20, sorbitan monolaurate, alkyl ethoxylates, sorbitan monooleate, and polyaryl sulfate esters.
Further aspect of the present invention, amphoteric emulsifiers selected from but not limited to cocamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine; ethoxylated emulsifiers: ethoxylated nonylphenol (nonylphenol ethoxylate), ethoxylated sorbitan esters, and ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, wetting agent is selected from but not limited to alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates / propoxylates, alkoxylates, ethoxylated alkoxylates, alkyl aryl poly alkoxy ether, alkyl polyglucosides, polysorbates, polyethylene glycol esters, polysorbate, polyethylene oxide (PEO), ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty alcohols and / or acids and / or amines, ethoxylated or propoxylated synthetic alcohols, alkyl aryl sulphates, ethoxylated alkyl aryl sulphates, ethoxylated vegetable oils, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, phosphated esters, propylene glycol esters, sodium lauryl sulfate, cocoamidopropyl betaine and block copolymers selected from the but not limited to styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), butyl based block copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO), poly(butadiene)-poly(styrene) (PB-PS), poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly(butadiene)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PB-PMMA), poly(capro lactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-PEG), poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG), and other commercially available wetting agents.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, stabilizer includes antioxidant, chelating agent, pH adjuster, UV absorber, stabilizing polymer, and inert material.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, stabilizers selected from group vegetable and seed oils selected from but not limited to soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, peanut oil, corn oil, castor oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, olive oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, tung oil and sesame oil, and oxidized forms of the above oils.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, inert material selected from but not limited to quartz, kaolin clay, attapulgite clay, acidic clay, attapulgite, zeolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, diatomaceous earth and calcite, china clay, corn rachis powder, walnut husk powder, urea, calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, silicon oxides (precipitated silica), and other commercially available inert materials.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, anti-freezing agent selected from but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, calcium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, urea, and other commercially available anti-freezing agents.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, antifoaming agents selected from but not limited to silicone-based antifoams, polyethylene glycol-based antifoams, mineral oil-based antifoams, ethylene glycol-based antifoams, polysorbate-based antifoams, dimethicone-based antifoams, polypropylene glycol-based antifoams, vegetable oil-based antifoams, alkyl siloxane-based antifoams, fatty acid-based antifoams, and other commercially available antifoaming agents.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, anticaking agent selected from silica-based compounds includes silicon dioxide (silica), precipitated silica (amorphous form of silicon dioxide), calcium silicate, magnesium stearate, sodium aluminosilicate, potassium aluminium silicate, tricalcium phosphate, sodium ferrocyanide, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, sodium bicarbonate, and other commercially available anticaking agents.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, dispersing agents selected from but not limited to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, poly acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, poly ethoxylated alcohol, poly ethoxylated fatty acids, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sorbitan esters (e.g., sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate), gum arabic and carbomer and / or their comb polymers; preferably poly(methyl methacrylate), polyethylene glycol comb polymer, and other commercially available dispersing agents.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, adjuvant includes but not limited to colorant, spreader, modifier, sticker, penetrant, drift control agent, buffering agent, thickener, compatibility agent, binders, and safener.
A further aspect of the second embodiment, colorant is color dye selected from natural, synthetic, and commercially available dyes.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, binder / sticking agent selected from but not limited to methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, gum, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylates, and other commercially available binders.
Further aspect of second embodiment, thickener selected from but not limited to polysaccharides / carboxymethyl cellulose / bentonite clay, hydroxy propyl cellulose montmorillonite, bentonite, magnesium aluminium silicate, attapulgite, and other commercially available thickeners.
The further aspect of the second embodiment, modifier includes drift control modifiers, rain fastness modifiers, anti-foaming modifiers, UV stabilizers, pH modifiers, compatibility modifiers, and rheology modifiers.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, rheology modifier is bentonite and pH modifiers is triethanolamine and / or phosphoric acid.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, preservatives is antibacterial agent selected from but not limited to triclosan, triclocarban, clotrimazole, miconazole, copper-based compounds, chlorothalonil, benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT), dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (DBSA), and other commercially available preservatives.
The third embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
haloxyfop;
at least one herbicide selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen;
carrier;
emulsifier/wetting agent;
stabilizer;
anti-freezing agent;
antifoaming agent;
dispersing agent; and
adjuvant(s).
The first aspect of the third embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of haloxyfop with at least one herbicide selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen; wherein haloxyfop and second herbicide are present in the weight ratio of (1-80):(1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-40):(1-40); more preferably in the ratio of (1-40):(1-20).
The second aspect of the third embodiment, agrochemical acceptable excipient selected from but not limited to carrier, wetting agent and / or emulsifier, stabilizer, inert material, anti-freezing agent, antifoaming agent, dispersing agent, and adjuvant(s). These are selected according to the respective types of formulation requirements, and which will facilitate in the preparation different formulations.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, carrier selected from but not limited to water, organic solvents incudes hydrocarbon solvents and cycloalkanes, ether solvents, ester solvents, ketones solvents, alcohols solvents and polar-aprotic solvents; preferably water and / or naphthalene and / or n-methyl pyrrolidone.
Further aspect of the present invention, emulsifier includes anionic emulsifiers, cationic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsifiers, amphoteric emulsifiers, phospholipids, glyceryl esters, and other commercially available emulsifiers.
A further aspect of the present invention, anionic emulsifiers selected from but not limited to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxylate sulfates, and calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate.
A further aspect of the present invention, cationic emulsifiers selected from but not limited to cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and stearalkonium chloride.
Further aspect of the present invention nonionic emulsifiers selected from but not limited to polysorbate 80, polysorbate 20, sorbitan monolaurate, alkyl ethoxylates, sorbitan monooleate, and polyaryl sulfate esters.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, wetting agent is selected from but not limited to alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, alkyl polyglucosides, polyethylene glycol esters, polysorbate, polyethylene oxide (PEO), ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated vegetable oils, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, propylene glycol esters, sodium lauryl sulfate, cocoamidopropyl betaine and block copolymers selected from the but not limited to styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), butyl based block copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO), polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO), poly(butadiene)-poly(styrene) (PB-PS), poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly(butadiene)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PB-PMMA), poly(capro lactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-PEG), and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG).
Further aspect of the second embodiment, stabilizer selected from group vegetable and seed oils selected from but not limited to soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, peanut oil, corn oil, castor oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, olive oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, tung oil and sesame oil, and oxidized forms of the above oils.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, anti-freezing agent selected from but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, calcium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate and urea.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, antifoaming agent selected from but not limited to silicone-based antifoams, polyethylene glycol-based antifoams, mineral oil-based antifoams, ethylene glycol-based antifoams, polysorbate-based antifoams, dimethicone-based antifoams, polypropylene glycol-based antifoams, vegetable oil-based antifoams, alkyl siloxane-based antifoams and fatty acid-based antifoams.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, dispersing agent selected from but not limited to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, poly acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, poly ethoxylated alcohol, poly ethoxylated fatty acids, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sorbitan esters (e.g., sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate), gum arabic and carbomer and / or their comb polymers.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, adjuvant includes but not limited to colorant, spreader, modifier, sticker, penetrant, drift control agent, buffering agent, thickener, compatibility agent, binders, and safener.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, binder / sticking agent selected from but not limited to methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, gum, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylates, and other commercially available binders.
The further aspect of the third embodiment, modifier includes drift control modifiers, rain fastness modifiers, anti-foaming modifiers, UV stabilizers, pH modifiers, compatibility modifiers and rheology modifiers.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, rheology modifier is bentonite and pH modifiers is triethanolamine and phosphoric acid.
The fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
haloxyfop;
at least one herbicide selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen;
naphthalene;
n-methyl pyrrolidone;
calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate;
castor oil ethoxylates/corn oil; and
epoxidized soyabean oil.
The first aspect of the fourth embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of haloxyfop with at least one herbicide selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen; wherein haloxyfop and second herbicide are present in the weight ratio of (1-80):(1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-40):(1-40); more preferably in the ratio of (1-40):(1-20).
Further aspect of the fourth embodiment, the composition of fourth embodiment is formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC).
The fifth embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
haloxyfop;
at least one herbicide selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen;
sodium lauryl sulfate;
china clay;
Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide;
precipitated silica;
sodium lignosulfonate;
sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate; and
methyl cellulose and / or gum.
The first aspect of the fifth embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of haloxyfop with at least one herbicide selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen; wherein haloxyfop and second herbicide are present in the weight ratio of (1-80):(1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-40):(1-40); more preferably in the ratio of (1-40):(1-20).
Further aspect of the fifth embodiment, the composition of fifth embodiment is formulated as water dispersible granules (WDG).
Another embodiment of present invention provides a process for the preparation of an herbicidal formulation comprising:
add liquid medium into premix vessel,
add haloxyfop and at least one herbicide selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen to the above mixture and stir for 30-60 minutes to get homogenous mixture.
add emulsifier, stabilizer and optionally add adjuvant(s) to the above vessel under continuous stirring,
mix well until a homogenous mixture is obtained, pack the formulation and seal it.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the other alternative formulations other than described herein can be prepared using conventional processes and different methods known in the art by selecting appropriate agrochemical acceptable excipient(s) to get the suitable desired formulation of present invention combination.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic herbicidal composition of present invention used in defined dose ratios shows effective weed control in broad spectrum of weeds and increases the crop yield, quality, lesser dose rations and shows no phytotoxicity compared to single components, admixture of those two component and other available market standards. By this the herbicidal composition of present invention archives synergistic effect along with economical value product and improved environmental safety by reducing toxicity and residue deposit in soil and in crops.
Another embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling annual grasses, sedges and broad leaf weeds comprising synergistic herbicidal composition applying to the location of weed in effective amount.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the herbicidal composition obtained from the present invention is used to control broadleaf weeds, sedges and annual grasses in paddy, wheat, pineapple, sugarcane, maize, bananas, and corn crops and may be soil or foliar applied. It is also used in multiple crops, including cereal and grains, grapes, orchards and thereof.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the herbicidal composition obtained from the present invention shows synergistic effects of better weed control with minimum herbicidal resistance and improved crop yield and quality.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic herbicidal composition can be applied to pre-emergence, early post-emergence, or post-emergence stages by conventional spraying methods, such as foliar application etc., over the target areas of weeds or vegetation at same time avoiding excessive drift or runoff of the composition securing thorough coverage.

EXAMPLES:
EXAMPLE 1: DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS OF SYNERGISTIC HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION:
TABLE 1.1: EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE (EC)
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Haloxyfop 8.5
2 Metribuzin 37.5
3 Epoxidized Soyabean Oil 3
4 Calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate 2.4
5 Castor oil ethoxylates 9.6
6 N-methyl pyrrolidone 15
7 Naphthalene QS
Total 100
TABLE 1.2: EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE (EC)
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Haloxyfop 5
2 Glufosinate ammonia 15
3 Epoxidized Soyabean Oil 3
4 Calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate 2.4
5 Castor oil ethoxylates 9.6
6 N-methyl pyrrolidone 15
7 Naphthalene QS
Total 100
TABLE 1.3: EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE (EC)
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Haloxyfop 12
2 Fomesafen 18
3 Epoxidized Soyabean Oil 3
4 Calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate 2.4
5 Castor oil ethoxylates 9.6
6 N-methyl pyrrolidone 15
7 Naphthalene QS
Total 100

TABLE 1.4: Wettable Powder (WP) Formulation
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Haloxyfop 8.5
2 Metribuzin 37.5
3 Sodium lauryl sulfate 10
4 Precipitated silica 10
5 Sodium lignosulfonate 2.5
6 Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate 3
7 Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.2
8 Methyl cellulose 0.5
9 China clay QS
Total 100
TABLE 1.5: Wettable Powder (WP) Formulation
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Haloxyfop 5
2 Glufosinate ammonia 15
3 Sodium lauryl sulfate 10
4 Precipitated silica 10
5 Sodium lignosulfonate 2.5
6 Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate 3
7 Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.2
8 Methyl cellulose 0.5
9 China clay QS
Total 100
TABLE 1.6: Wettable Powder (WP) Formulation
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Haloxyfop 12
2 Fomesafen 18
3 Sodium lauryl sulfate 10
4 Precipitated silica 10
5 Sodium lignosulfonate 2.5
6 Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate 3
7 Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.2
8 Methyl cellulose 0.5
9 China clay QS
Total 100
EXAMPLE 2: EXAMPLES OF HALOXYFOP COMBINATIONS BIO EFFICACY AND PHYTOTOXICITY TESTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Methodology:
Presently to evaluate the efficacy of Haloxyfop herbicidal mixture formulations against grasses, sedges, and broad-leaved weeds as non-selective, pre-emergent and post emergent herbicide in different cropping systems and to test phytotoxicity of the molecule on the crop have been conducted. The three different herbicidal mixtures of Haloxyfop tested were Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG which was non-selective in nature Along with Glufosinate ammonium 13.5% + Paraquat 25% SL. The test molecule is tested at three dose levels viz., low, medium, and high along with the sole molecule as individual treatments and their efficiency comparison is done with the current competitive market standards. To justify the results the overall effect and other parameters are calculated over untreated check. The crop is first divided into plots for each treatment and replicated three times following Randomized Block Design. The spraying method followed was foliar application with the help of a knapsack sprayer and the sprays are done in different crops.
Methods of Observation:
No. of weed /1 sq meter area: Take 4 sticks/pipes of 1 metre each and tie their ends/joints so that they make a square shape. Before taking the weed counts, the square should be placed in the treated plot randomly and the number of weed species in the 1metre area is counted.
Take the observation of individual weed species to understand or draw conclusions on the efficacy of the herbicide against individual weeds. The observations were taken at 15, 30 and 45 days after application (DAA) in case of non-selective herbicidal combination and in case of both pre and post emergent herbicidal mixtures the observations were recorded at 7, 14, 28, 35 days after application.
The data on dry weight of weeds recorded at end of the spraying (35 days after application) in both pre and post emergence or at end of 45 das in non-selective and Weed control index is calculated.
Take the observation on the crop safety of the herbicide i.e., Phytotoxicity / softener observation of herbicide after application at 5 and 10 Days after application.
Parameters of Observations:
The weeds controlled in each treatment are calculated as percent weed controlled over untreated or controlled plot. The percent weed control is calculated by the following formula –
% weed control = (No.of weeds in control plot-No.of weeds in treated plot )/(No.of weeds in control plot)× 100
The effect of these herbicides when applied on cotton is assessed based on the yield (tons per hectare).
Weed Index:-
Weed Control Index
= (Dry weight of weeds in control plot-Dry weight of weeds in treated plot )/(Dry weight of weeds in control plot)× 100
Colby’s Method: The combined effect of Pesticidal combinations is the sum of their individual effects. Colby’s method is an approach to evaluate the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects due to the interactions of two pesticides as a combination.
Colby’s method calculates expected response, and a ratio is calculated between expected response and observed response.
The formula for expected response is as follows:
E = (A+B) - ((A*B)/100)
A represents pesticide and B represents pesticide 2.
The observed response is the actual percent control achieved.
Colby’s ratio = Observed response (O)/Expected response (E).
If the ratio is,
< 1 = Antagonistic effect
= Additive effect
> 1 = Synergistic effect
The effect of these herbicides in combination and alone when applied on crops were assessed based on the yield (quintal per hectare). This parameter defines the crop quality.
Results:
The different types and species of weeds found in this experiment in cotton field were enlisted below,
Grasses: Eleusine indica; Brachiaria eruciformis
Broad-leaved Weeds: Amaranthus viridis; Phalaris minor; Euphorbia hirta
Sedges: Cyprus rotundus


Example: 2.1 – Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG– Nonselective herbicide in non-cropped area:
Table 1. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG formulation against grassy weeds in non-cropped area/between the rows of the crop
Treatments Dose / ha (gms or ml) Pre-count 7 DAS 14 DAS 28 DAS 35 DAS Average Percent Weed Control Colby’s Ratio
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 2000 132 8 15 19 23 16.25 89.97 1.21
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 2500 140 1 4 8 9 5.5 96.60 1.30
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 3000 143 1 1 1 9 3 98.15 1.32
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 138 41 22 35 46 36 77.78 1.05
Glufosinate Ammonium 13.5% SL 3000 135 56 25 40 51 43 73.46 0.99
Paraquat 25% SL 2500 139 64 35 45 58 50.5 68.83 0.93
Glufosinate ammonium 13.4%+Oxyfluorfen 4.8% EW 3000 133 70 44 56 62 58 64.20 0.86
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 141 160 151 162 175 162 0.00

DAA – Days after application
The grassy weeds found in the experiment were Eleusine indica and Brachiaria eruciformis respectively. The weed population before spraying ranged between 132-143 weeds/sq.m in grassy weeds. After the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG when applied at 3000 g/ha and 2500 g/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. The weed population recorded were 1 weeds/m2 at 7, 14, 21 das (Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 3000 g/ha) and 9 weeds/m2 at 35 das (Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 3000g/ha). The next best treatment was Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500 g/ha with 1, 4, 8 and 9 weeds/m2 at 7, 14, 28, 35 das. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 3000 g/ha with 3 weeds/m2, followed by Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500g/ha with 5.5 weeds/m2 and the lowest dose Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2000 g/ha also recorded an average of 16.25 weeds/m2 at the end of spraying which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG when applied at 3000 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 98.15% with Colby ratio of 1.32, followed by Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500 g/ha with 96.60% control with Colby ratio 1.30 and Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2000g/ha with 89.97% control with Colby ratio of 1.21 there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 3000, 2500 and 2000 g/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. The market standard Paraquat 25 SL @ 2500ml/ha recorded 68.83% weed control and Glufosinate ammonium 13.4%+Oxyfluorfen 4.8% EW @ 3000 ml/ha recorded 64.20% weed control (Table 1.).
Table 2. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG formulation against BLW weeds in non-cropped area/between the rows of the crop
Treatments Dose / ha (gms or ml) Pre-count 7 das 14 das 28 das 35 das Average Percent weed control Colbys ratio
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 2000 26 7 15 21 28 17.75 73.21 0.91
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 2500 28 1 6 8 10 6.25 90.57 1.12
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 3000 27 1 2 2 5 2.5 96.23 1.19
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 30 25 28 34 40 31.75 52.08 0.65
Glufosinate Ammonium 13.5% SL 3000 32 27 30 39 46 35.5 46.42 0.58
Paraquat 25% SL 2500 29 18 13 21 25 19.25 70.94 0.88
Glufosinate ammonium 13.4%+Oxyfluorfen 4.8% EW 3000 29 15 15 24 28 20.5 69.06 0.86
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 42 58 65 67 75 66.25 0.00

The broad-leaved weeds found in the experiment were Amaranthus viridis, Phalaris minor and Euphorbia hirta respectively. The weed population before spraying ranged between 29-32 weeds/sq.m in broad-leaved weeds. After the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG when applied at 3000 g/ha and 2500 g/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. The weed population recorded was 1, 2, 2, 5 weeds/m2 at 7, 14, 21 and 35 das in Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 3000 g/ha. The next best treatment was Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500 g/ha with 1, 6, 8 and 10 weeds/m2 at 7, 14, 28, 35 das. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 3000 g/ha with 2.5 weeds/m2, followed by Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500g/ha with 6.25 weeds/m2 and the lowest dose Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2000 g/ha also recorded an average of 17.75 weeds/m2 at the end of spraying which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG when applied at 3000 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 96.23% with Colby ratio of 1.19, followed by Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500 g/ha with 90.57% control with Colby ratio 1.12 and Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2000g/ha with 73.21% control with Colby ratio of 1 there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 3000, 2500 and 2000 g/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. The market standard Paraquat 25 SL @ 2500ml/ha recorded 70.94% weed control and Glufosinate ammonium 13.4%+Oxyfluorfen 4.8% EW @ 3000 ml/ha recorded 69.06% weed control (Table 2).

Table 3. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG formulation against sedges in non-cropped area/between the rows of the crop
Treatments Dose / ha (gms or ml) Pre-count 7 das 14 das 28 das 35 das Average Percent Weed Control Colby’s Ratio
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 2000 33 11 17 22 31 20.25 72.73 60.08
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 2500 32 1 7 9 12 7.25 90.24 74.54
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 3000 35 1 3 5 9 4.5 93.94 77.60
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 34 22 28 36 41 31.75 57.24 47.28
Glufosinate Ammonium 13.5% SL 3000 32 23 31 39 42 33.75 54.55 45.06
Paraquat 25% SL 2500 35 17 11 23 25 19 74.41 61.47
Glufosinate ammonium 13.4%+Oxyfluorfen 4.8% EW 3000 33 20 17 28 30 23.75 68.01 56.18
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 45 60 72 79 86 74.25 0.00

The sedges weeds found in the experiment was Cyprus rotundus. The weed population before spraying ranged between 32-35 weeds/sq.m in sedges. After the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG when applied at 3000 g/ha and 2500 g/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. The weed population recorded were 1, 3, 5, 9 weeds/m2 at 7, 14, 21 and 35 das in Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 3000 g/ha. The next best treatment was Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500 g/ha with 1, 7, 9 and 12 weeds/m2 at 7, 14, 28, 35 das. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 3000 g/ha with 4.5 weeds/m2, followed by Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500g/ha with 7.25 weeds/m2 and the lowest dose Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2000 g/ha also recorded an average of 20.50 weeds/m2 at the end of spraying which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG when applied at 3000 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 93.94% with Colby ratio of 1.17, followed by Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500 g/ha with 90.24% control with Colby ratio 1.12 and Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2000g/ha with 72.73% control with Colby ratio of 1 there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 3000, 2500 and 2000 g/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. The market standard Paraquat 25 SL @ 2500ml/ha recorded 74.41% weed control and Glufosinate ammonium 13.4%+Oxyfluorfen 4.8% EW @ 3000 ml/ha recorded 68.01% weed control (Table 3).
Table 4. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG formulation on weed control index and yield

TREATMENTS
DOSE / HA (gms or ml) Grasses Broadleaved Weeds Sedges
Weed Dry weight Weed control Index Weed Dry weight Weed control Index Weed Dry weight Weed control Index
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 2000 2.30 0.7 2.50 0.7 2.70 7.1
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 2500 0.80 0.9 0.98 0.9 1.09 3.5
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG 3000 0.78 0.9 0.43 0.9 0.26 1.6
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 3.89 0.5 3.87 0.5 3.67 9.3
Glufosinate Ammonium 13.5% SL 3000 4.00 0.5 4.23 0.5 3.56 9.1
Paraquat 25% SL 2500 4.78 0.4 3.77 0.6 3.30 8.5
Glufosinate ammonium 13.4%+Oxyfluorfen 4.8% EW 3000 5.20 0.3 2.67 0.7 5.10 12.6
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 11.50 -0.4 7.98 0.1 8.56 20.4
The dry weight and weed control index calculated in the different treatments gave results that the combination Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG when applied at 3 doses viz., 2000g/ha, 2500g/ha and 3000g/ha recorded 0.78 g with 0.9 (WCI), 0.8 with 0.9 (WCI), 2.3 with 0.7 (WCI) in grasses, 0.43 with 0.9 (WCI), 0.98 with 0.9 (WCI), 2.5 with 0.7 (WCI) in broad-leaved weeds and 0.23 with 1.6 (WCI), 1.09 with 3.5 (WCI), 2.7 with 7.1 (WCI) in sedges.
Table 4. Phytotoxicity of Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG formulation.
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein
Clearing Leaf tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2000g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 2500g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG @ 3000ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC @ 1250 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Glufosinate Ammonium 13.5% SL @ 3000ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Paraquat 25% SL @ 2500 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Glufosinate ammonium 13.4%+Oxyfluorfen 4.8% EW @ 3000 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated check 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
The phytotoxicity effect of the herbicide combination i.e., Haloxyfop 5% + Glufosinate ammonium 15% WDG was tested after 5 and 10 Days after spraying. The crop was checked for symptoms like yellowing, necrosis, wilting, vein clearing, leaf tip or leaf margin dying and stunting or dwarfing of plants. After thorough observations, it could be concluded that the crop did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity. Therefore, the present herbicide combination can be considered a safe molecule.

Example: 2.2 – Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC– Non selective herbicide in wheat crop as pre-emergent herbicide:
Table 6. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC formulation against grassy weeds in wheat crop
TREATMENTS DOSE / HA (gms or ml) 15 DAA 30 DAA 45 DAA Average Percent Weed Control Colby’s Ratio
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1000 43 1.78 4.5 6.00 95.92 17.44
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1250 33.43 0 1 11.48 92.20 16.76
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1500 0 3 6 3.00 97.96 17.81
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 89 47 18 51.33 65.13 11.84
Metribuzin 70% WP 300 99 56 19 58.00 60.60 11.02
Pendimethalin 35% + Metribuzin 3.5% SE 2500 34 56 12 34.00 76.90 13.98
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 127.65 144.77 169.23 147.22 0.00

DAA – Days after application
The grassy weeds found in the experiment were Eleusine indica and Brachiaria eruciformis respectively. The weed population after the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 1500 ml/ha and 1250 ml/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. The weed population recorded were 0 weeds/m2 at 15das, 3 weeds/m2 at 30 das, 6 weeds/m2 at 45 das (Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1500ml/ha). The next best treatment was Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1250 ml/ha with 33.43, 0 and 1 weeds/m2 at 15, 30, 45 das. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1500 ml/ha with 3 weeds/m2, followed by Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1250ml/ha with 11.48 weeds/m2 and the lowest dose Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1000 ml/ha also recorded an average of 6 weeds/m2 at the end of spraying which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 3000 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 97.96% with Colby ratio of 1.14, followed by Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 2500 ml/ha with 92.20% control with Colby ratio 1.07 and Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 2000ml/ha with 95.92% control with Colby ratio of 1.11 there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 3000, 2500 and 2000 ml/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. The market standard Paraquat 25 SL @ 2500ml/ha recorded 68.83% weed control and Pendimethalin 35%+Metribuzin 3.5% SE @ 2500 ml/ha recorded 76.90% weed control (Table 6.).
Table 7. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC formulation against BLW weeds in wheat
TREATMENTS DOSE / HA (gms or ml) 15 DAA 30 DAA 45 DAA Average Percent Weed Control Colby’s Ratio
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1000 19 1 2.8 5.80 92.43 14.79
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1250 14 0 1 5.00 93.48 14.96
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1500 0 6 11 5.67 92.61 14.82
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 62 45 15 40.67 46.93 7.51
Metribuzin 70% WP 300 52 39 4 31.67 58.68 9.39
Pendimethalin 35% + Metribuzin 3.5% SE 2500 32 22 10 21.33 72.16 11.55
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 63 78.89 88 76.63 0.00

The broad-leaved weeds found in the experiment after the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 1500 ml/ha and 1250 ml/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. The weed population recorded were 0, 6, 11 weeds/m2 at 15, 30 and 45 das in Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1500 ml/ha. The next best treatment was Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1250 ml/ha with 14, 0 and 1 weeds/m2 at 15, 30, 45 das. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1500 ml/ha with 5.67 weeds/m2, followed by Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1250ml/ha with 5 weeds/m2 and the lowest dose Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1000 ml/ha also recorded an average of 5.8 weeds/m2 at the end of spraying which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 1500 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 92.61% with Colby ratio of 1.07, followed by Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1250 ml/ha with 93.48% control with Colby ratio 1.20 and Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1000ml/ha with 92.43% control with Colby ratio of 1.18 there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 1500, 1250 and 1000 ml/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. The market standard Pendimethalin 35%+Metribuzin 3.5% SE @ 2500 ml/ha recorded 72.16% weed control (Table 7).
Table 8. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC formulation against sedges in wheat
TREATMENTS DOSE / HA (gms or ml) 15 DAA 30 DAA 45 DAA Average Percent Weed Control Colby’s Ratio
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1000 16 2 4 7.33 90.05 12.42
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1250 11 0 4 5.00 93.21 12.86
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1500 0 5 6 3.67 95.02 13.11
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 53 59 10 40.67 44.80 6.18
Metribuzin 70% WP 300 48 35 19 34.00 53.85 7.43
Pendimethalin 35% + Metribuzin 3.5% SE 2500 22 15 25 20.67 71.95 9.92
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 61 69 91 73.67 0.00
The sedges weeds found in the experiment was Cyprus rotundus, the population after the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 1500 ml/ha and 1250 ml/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. The weed population recorded were 0, 5, 6 weeds/m2 at 15, 30 and 45 das in Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1500 ml/ha. The next best treatment was Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1250 ml/ha with 14, 0 and 1 weeds/m2 at 15, 30, 45 das. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1500 ml/ha with 3.67 weeds/m2, followed by Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1250ml/ha with 5 weeds/m2 and the lowest dose Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1000 ml/ha also recorded an average of 7.33 weeds/m2 at the end of spraying which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 1500 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 95.02% with Colby ratio of 1.11, followed by Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1250 ml/ha with 93.21% control with Colby ratio 1.25 and Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1000ml/ha with 90.25% control with Colby ratio of 1.21 there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 1500, 1250 and 1000 ml/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. The market standard Pendimethalin 35%+Metribuzin 3.5% SE @ 2500 ml/ha recorded 71.95% weed control (Table 8).
Table 9. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC formulation on weed control index and yield.

TREATMENTS
DOSE / HA (gms or ml) Grasses Broadleaved Weeds Sedges
Yield (q/ha)
Weed Dry Weight Weed Control Index Weed Dry Weight Weed Control Index Weed Dry Weight Weed Control Index
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1000 1.30 0.8 0.80 0.9 1.40 4.2 51.00
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1250 0.60 0.9 0.78 0.9 1.20 3.7 52.33
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1500 0.34 1.0 0.22 1.0 0.14 1.3 54.00
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 4.54 0.4 4.12 0.5 4.80 11.9 42.00
Metribuzin 70% WP 300 4.60 0.4 5.13 0.4 3.89 9.8 44.00
Pendimethalin 35% + Metribuzin 3.5% SE 2500 5.23 4.55 0.5 4.00 10.1 48.00
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 13.44 0.3 8.76 9.76 39.23
The dry weight and weed control index calculated in the different treatments gave results that the combination Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 3 doses viz., 1000ml/ha, 1250ml/ha and 1500ml/ha recorded 0.34 g with 1 (WCI), 0.6 with 0.9 (WCI), 1.3 with 0.8 (WCI) in grasses, 0.22 with 1 (WCI), 0.78 with 0.9 (WCI), 0.8 with 0.9 (WCI) in broad-leaved weeds and 0.14 with 1.3 (WCI), 1.2 with 3.7 (WCI), 1.4 with 4.2 (WCI) in sedges. The yield among different herbicide treatments showed, Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 1500ml/ha, 1250ml/ha and 1000ml/ha recorded the highest yield of 54 t/ha, 52.33 t/ha and 51 t/ha which shows that the herbicidal combination when applied at three different doses viz., high, medium, and low have similar positive effect on the yield of wheat. While the remaining treatments recorded yield ranging in between 42-48 t/ha. It is evident based on the results the herbicide combination has a synergistic effect when applied together especially improved the crop quality in the current case (Table 9).
Table 10. Phytotoxicity of Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC formulation.
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein
Clearing Leaf Tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1000ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1250ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC @ 1500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC @ 1250 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Metribuzin 70 WP @ 300g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pendimethalin 35% + Metribuzin 3.5% SE @ 2500 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated check 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0

The phytotoxicity effect of the herbicide combination i.e., Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC was tested after 5 and 10 Days after spraying. The crop was checked for symptoms like yellowing, necrosis, wilting, vein clearing, leaf tip or leaf margin dying and stunting or dwarfing of plants. After thorough observations, it could be concluded that the crop did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity. Therefore, the present herbicide combination can be considered a safe molecule.
Table 11. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC formulation on succeeding crop (Paddy).
TREATMENTS DOSE / HA (gms or ml) Germ % cm Yield
Hill ht 30 das Hill ht 60 das
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1000 98.02 57.26667 77.23333 44.32
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1250 97.54 59.06667 82.06667 46.55
Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC 1500 98.99 58.63333 80.26667 48.70
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 95.67 57.56667 78.3 39.88
Metribuzin 70% WP 300 94.33 56.83333 77.6 40.13
Pendimethalin 35% + Metribuzin 3.5% SE 2500 96.76 57.7 79.4 42.00
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 96 53.66667 71.56667 36.00
The combination Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 3 doses viz., 1000ml/ha, 1250ml/ha and 1500ml/ha recorded effective results on paddy. According to the results obtained while recording different parameters, Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 1500ml/ha recorded 98.99% germination, with 58.63cm hill height at 30 DAT, 80.27cm hill height at 60 DAT and recorded highest yield of 48.7 t/ha. This was followed by Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 1250ml/ha recorded 97.54% germination, with 59.07cm hill height at 30 DAT, 82.07cm hill height at 60 DAT and recorded highest yield of 46.55 t/ha. The lowest dose of the combination i.e., Haloxyfop 8.5% + Metribuzin 37.5% EC when applied at 1000ml/ha recorded 98.02% germination, with 57.27cm hill height at 30 DAT, 77.23cm hill height at 60 DAT and recorded highest yield of 44.32 t/ha.
Example: 2.3 – Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC– Non selective herbicide in soybeancrop as pre-emergent herbicide:
Table 12. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC formulation against grassy weeds in soybean crop
Treatments Dose / ha (gms or ml) Pre-count 7 das 14 das 28 das 35 das Average Percent Weed Control Colby’s Ratio
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 800 134 11 4 7 13 8.75 94.47 1.27
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1000 141 0 1 2 7 2.50 98.42 1.32
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1200 136 0 0 2 5 1.75 98.89 1.33
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 137 91 95 100 123 102.25 35.39 0.48
Fomesafen 12 % + Quizalofop ethyl 3% SC 1500 140 113 115 121 128 119.25 24.64 0.33
Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% + Imazethapyr 15% EC 437.5 129 124 19 25 30 49.50 68.72 0.92
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 138 145 151 162 175 158.25 0.00

DAA – Days after application
The grassy weeds found in the experiment were Eleusine indica and Brachiaria eruciformis respectively and were ranging in between 129-141 weeds/m2 before spraying. The weed population after the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 1200 ml/ha and 1000 ml/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. The weed population recorded were 0 weeds/m2 at 7, 14 das, 2 weeds/m2 at 28 das, 5 weeds/m2 at 35 das (Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200ml/ha). The next best treatment was Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1000 ml/ha with 0, 1, 2 and 7 weeds/m2 at 7, 14, 28, 35 das. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200 ml/ha with 1.75 weeds/m2, followed by Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1000ml/ha with 2.5 weeds/m2 and the lowest dose Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 800 ml/ha also recorded an average of 8.75 weeds/m2 at the end of spraying which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 1500 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 98.89% with Colby ratio of 1.33, followed by Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200 ml/ha with 98.42% control with Colby ratio 1.32 and Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 800ml/ha with 94.47% control with Colby ratio of 1.27 there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 1500, 1200 and 800 ml/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. The market standard Fomesafen 12 % + Quizalofop ethyl 3% SC @ 1500ml/ha recorded 24.64% control, Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% + Imazethapyr 15% EC @ 437.5 ml/ha recorded 68.72% weed control (Table 12.).
Table 13. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC formulation against BLW weeds in wheat
Treatments Dose / ha (gms or ml) Pre-count 7 das 14 das 28 das 35 das Average Percent Weed Control Colby’s Ratio
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 800 28 2 4 7 9 5.50 86.67 1.08
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1000 23 0 1 3 8 3.00 92.73 1.15
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1200 25 0 0 4 7 2.75 93.33 1.16
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 24 21 27 34 45 31.75 23.03 0.29
Fomesafen 12 % + Quizalofop ethyl 3% SC 1500 24 23 27 34 42 31.50 23.64 0.29
Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% + Imazethapyr 15% EC 437.5 26 24 15 19 17 18.75 54.55 0.68
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 29 32 35 47 51 41.25 0.00
The broad-leaved weeds found in the experiment were ranging in between 23-28 weeds/m2 before spraying. The weed population after the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 1200 ml/ha and 1000 ml/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. The weed population recorded was 0 weeds/m2 at 7, 14 das, 4 weeds/m2 at 28 das, 7 weeds/m2 at 35 das (Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200ml/ha). The next best treatment was Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1000 ml/ha with 0, 1, 3 and 8 weeds/m2 at 7, 14, 28, 35 das. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200 ml/ha with 2.75 weeds/m2, followed by Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1000ml/ha with 3 weeds/m2 and the lowest dose Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 800 ml/ha also recorded an average of 5.5 weeds/m2 at the end of spraying which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 1500 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 93.33% with Colby ratio of 1.16, followed by Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200 ml/ha with 92.73% control with Colby ratio 1.15 and Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 800ml/ha with 86.67% control with Colby ratio of 1.08 there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 1200, 1000 and 800 ml/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. The market standard Fomesafen 12 % + Quizalofop ethyl 3% SC @ 1500ml/ha recorded 23.64% control, Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% + Imazethapyr 15% EC @ 437.5 ml/ha recorded 54.55% weed control (Table 13).
Table 14. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC formulation against sedges in wheat
Treatments Dose / ha (gms or ml) Pre-count 7 das 14 das 28 das 35 das Average Percent Weed Control Colby’s Ratio
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 800 31 2 3 6 12 5.75 88.94 73.47
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1000 30 1 2 4.5 11 4.63 91.11 75.26
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1200 29 0 1 3 8 3.00 94.23 77.84
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 34 20 26 38 42 31.50 39.42 32.57
Fomesafen 12 % + Quizalofop ethyl 3% SC 1500 31 23 31 38 43 33.75 35.10 28.99
Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% + Imazethapyr 15% EC 437.5 35 27 10 12 26 18.75 63.94 52.82
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 32 39 49 56 64 52.00 0.00
The sedges weeds found in the experiment was Cyprus rotundus, the population varied between 29-34 weeds/m2 before spraying. After the application of different herbicide treatments, the weed population after the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 1200 ml/ha and 1000 ml/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. The weed population recorded were 0,1 weeds/m2 at 7, 14 das, 3 weeds/m2 at 28 das, 8 weeds/m2 at 35 das (Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200ml/ha). The next best treatment was Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1000 ml/ha with 1, 2, 4.5 and 11 weeds/m2 at 7, 14, 28, 35 das. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200 ml/ha with 3 weeds/m2, followed by Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1000ml/ha with 4.63 weeds/m2 and the lowest dose Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 800 ml/ha also recorded an average of 5.75 weeds/m2 at the end of spraying which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 1500 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 94.23% with Colby ratio of 1.17, followed by Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200 ml/ha with 91.11% control with Colby ratio 1.13 and Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 800ml/ha with 88.94% control with Colby ratio of 1.10 there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 1200, 1000 and 800 ml/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. The market standard Fomesafen 12 % + Quizalofop ethyl 3% SC @ 1500ml/ha recorded 35.10% control, Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% + Imazethapyr 15% EC @ 437.5 ml/ha recorded 63.94% weed control (Table 14).

Table 15. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC formulation on weed control index and yield.

Treatments
DOSE / HA (gms or ml) Grasses Broad-leaved Weeds Sedges
Yield (q/ha)
Weed Dry Weight Weed Control Index Weed Dry Weight Weed Control Index Weed Dry Weight Weed Control Index
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 800 2.30 0.7 2.50 0.7 2.70 7.1 50.11
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1000 0.80 0.9 0.98 0.9 1.09 3.5 52.34
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1200 0.78 0.9 0.43 0.9 0.26 1.6 55.45
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 3.89 0.5 3.87 0.5 3.67 9.3 44.33
Fomesafen 12 % + Quizalofop ethyl 3% SC 1500 4.00 0.5 4.23 0.5 3.56 9.1 45.65
Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% + Imazethapyr 15% EC 437.5 4.78 0.4 3.77 0.6 3.30 8.5 49.89
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 11.50 -0.4 7.98 0.1 8.56 20.4 39.23
The dry weight and weed control index calculated in the different treatments gave results that the combination Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 3 doses viz., 1200ml/ha recorded 0.78 with 0.9 (WCI) in grasses, 0.26 with 0.9 (WCI) in broad-leaved weeds and 0.9 with 1 (WCI) in sedges which was the lowest among all the treatments. The yield among different herbicide treatments showed, Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 1200ml/ha, 1000ml/ha and 800ml/ha recorded the highest yield of 25 t/ha, 21 t/ha and 19 t/ha which shows that the herbicidal combination when applied at three different doses viz., high, medium, and low have similar positive effect on the yield of wheat. While the remaining treatments recorded yield ranging in between 11-15 t/ha. It is evident based on the results the herbicide combination has a synergistic effect when applied together especially improved the crop quality in the current case (Table 15).

Table 16. Phytotoxicity of Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC formulation.
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein
Clearing Leaf Tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 800ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1000ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC @ 1200ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC @ 800 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fomesafen 12 % + Quizalofop ethyl 3% SC @ 1500 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% + Imazethapyr 15% EC @ 437.5 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated check 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
The phytotoxicity effect of the herbicide combination i.e., Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC was tested after 5 and 10 Days after spraying. The crop was checked for symptoms like yellowing, necrosis, wilting, vein clearing, leaf tip or leaf margin dying and stunting or dwarfing of plants. After thorough observations, it could be concluded that the crop did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity. Therefore, the present herbicide combination can be considered a safe molecule.

Table 17. Efficacy of Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC formulation on succeeding crop (Chickpea).
TREATMENTS DOSE / HA (gms or ml) Germ % No. of PODS POD WT PROTEIN CONTENT Yield (t/ha)
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 800 96 213 2.5 17.98 0.76
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1000 97 218 2.5 18.78 0.78
Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC 1200 98 226 2.8 20.87 0.74
Haloxyfop 10.5% EC 1250 88 224 2.2 14 0.73
Fomesafen 12 % + Quizalofop ethyl 3% SC 1500 96 225 2.3 15 0.7
Quizalofop ethyl 7.5% + Imazethapyr 15% EC 437.5 95 195 2.2 16.78 0.56
UNTREATED CONTROL -- 64 185 1.8 12 0.45
The combination Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 3 doses viz., 800ml/ha, 1000ml/ha and 1200ml/ha recorded effective results on chickpea. According to the results obtained while recording different parameters, Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 1200ml/ha recorded 98% germination, with 226 pods/plant, 2.8gm average pod weight with 20.87% protein content and recorded highest yield of 0.8 t/ha. This was followed by Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 1000ml/ha recorded 97% germination, with 218 pods/plant, 2.5gm average pod weight with 18.78% protein content and yield of 0.78 t/ha. The lowest dose of the combination i.e., Haloxyfop 12% + Fomesafen 18% EC when applied at 800ml/ha 96% germination, with 213 pods/plant, 2.5gm average pod weight with 17.98% protein content and yield of 0.76 t/ha.
It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to a particular compositions or specific constituents, which can, of course, vary and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting the scope of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise, and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art and so forth.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice for testing of the disclosure(s), specific examples of appropriate materials and methods are described herein. The examples set forth above are provided to give those of ordinarily skilled in the art a complete description of how to make and use the embodiments of the compositions or specific constituents, methods of practice, and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Modifications of the above-described modes for carrying out the invention that is obvious to persons skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims. All patents and publications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the levels of skill of those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains.
While specific embodiments of the present invention are explicitly disclosed herein, the above specification and examples herein are illustrative and not restrictive. It will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Many variations of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this specification and the embodiments below. The full scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the embodiments, along with their full scope of equivalents and the specification, along with such variations. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. ,CLAIMS:CLAIMS:
We Claim:
1. A synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
(a) at least one aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide;
(b) at least one herbicide selected from triazinone herbicide
and / or organo-phosphorous herbicide and / or diphenyl
ether herbicide; and
(c) at least one agrochemical acceptable excipient.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to chlorazifop, clodinafop, clofop, cyhalofop, diclofop, difenopenten, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenthiaprop, fluazifop, haloxyfop, isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, trifop, trifopsime.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the triazinone herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to ametridione, amibuzin, ethiozin, hexazinone,isomethiozin, metamitron, and metribuzin.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the the organo-phosphorous herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to amiprofos, bensulide, bilanafos, butamifos, DMPA, fosamine, glufosinate, glyphosate, huangcaoling, and shuangjiaancaolin.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diphenyl ether herbicide is selected from the group comprising but not limited to acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen, ethoxyfen, etnipromid, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen,fucaomi, furyloxyfen, halosafen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, and oxyfluorfen.
6. The composition as claimed in preceding claims, herbicidal composition comprising a combination of haloxyfop with at least one herbicide selected from metribuzin and / or glufosinate and / or fomesafen; wherein haloxyfop and second herbicide are present in the weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80).
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicidal composition is formulated as emulsifiable concentrate (EC).
8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicidal composition is formulated as wettable powder (WP).
9. The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the herbicidal composition is used for to control annual grasses, sedges, and broadleaf weeds and in paddy, wheat, fruits, roots, tubers, vegetables, maize, grains, sugarcane, cereals, field crops and various other crops for general weed control.
10. The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the herbicidal composition is applied to pre-emergence, early-post, and post-emergence stages of crops by conventional methods over the target areas.