DESC:FORM-2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)

Title: A SODIUM-ION BATTERY AND METHOD THEREOF

APPLICANT DETAILS:
(a) NAME: AATRAL Energy Solutions Provider (ESP) Pvt Ltd.
(b) NATIONALITY: IN
(c) ADDRESS: S8 Aashirwaad Apatment, Medvakkam Main Road, Madipakkam, Chennai- 600091

PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION:
The following specification (particularly) describes the nature of the invention (and the manner in which it is to be performed):
A SODIUM-ION BATTERY AND METHOD THEREOF
Field of Invention:
The present invention relates to energy storage system. Particularly, the present invention provides sodium-ion batteries.
Background of the Invention
The following background discussion includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication expressly or implicitly referenced is prior art.
The need for alternative fuel sources has grown over the last twenty years, due in part, to the rise of oil prices. As world population continues to grow so will the need to develop more efficient vehicles that require fewer natural resources. Since the late 1990s, advancements in battery technologies have driven the possibility of ending a vehicle's need for liquid fuel. These advancements still face strong opposition due to their high cost, limited range, and weight parity issues in comparison to the traditional oil based fuel. In addition the traditional Li-ion batteries typically have short cycle lives and show significant degradation issues with age. These limitations have shown to be a hindrance to the development of the alternative fuel sources. Additional problems in the field of Li-ion batteries have become more apparent as the search continues for an alternative fuel source. The driving range of electric vehicles (EVs) and the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are limited by the specific energy of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Current state-of-the-art LIBs can achieve only 250 Wh/kg with prismatic cell configuration. The specific energy of LIB cells are limited by both the anode (e.g. graphite, 372 mAh/ g) and the cathode (e.g. LiNi02, 180 mAh/ g). Rechargeable lithium metal electrodes have remained a major challenge for high specific energy anodes for decades due to internal-shorting caused by dendrite formation.
Alternative materials, such as V2Os, have been studied as a replacement for the current cathode materials due to its high specific capacity, but V2Os has not been considered practical for use in batteries due to performance issues arising from its low electronic conductivity. The challenge is to improve conductivity, not only the interparticle but also intraparticle. Further, the limited availability and high cost of vanadium, which restricts the practical utilization of the Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode in sodium-ion batteries. For example, KR20160147011A discloses a sodium ion battery comprises a cathode comprising sodium; And the formula: An a B b C d D d O, B is titanium, C is vanadium, D is at least one transition metal element other than titanium or vanadium, and a + b + c + d? 1, a? 0, b + c> 0, b = 0, c = 0, d> 0 , and wherein the material is Ilmenite (ilmenite) structure, three or four (triclinic) VFeO 4 structure, cubic (cubic) Ca 5 Co 4 ( VO 4 ) 6 Structure, a dichromate structure, an orthorhombic ?-CoV 3 O 8 Structure, a brannite structure, a thortveitite structure, an orthorhombic--CrPO 4 structure, or a pseudo-rutile structure.
Further, CN112216823B discloses a vanadium sodium fluorophosphate coated positive electrode material, a sodium ion battery, and a preparation method and application thereof. The sodium vanadium fluorophosphate-coated cathode material comprises a cathode material and a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate coating, wherein the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate coating is uniformly coated on the surface of the cathode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) reacting a mixed aqueous solution of a vanadium source, a phosphorus source, a fluorine source and a reducing agent at 25-90 ? to obtain a coating solution; (2) and mixing the positive electrode material with the coating liquid and standing. When the sodium vanadium fluorophosphate-coated cathode material is used for a sodium ion battery, the cycle performance is good, and the service life is long; the preparation method has the advantages of simple process, low production cost and short production period.
In another document, KR102362607B1 discloses a vanadium redox flow battery comprising an additive and a vanadium redox flow battery comprising the same. The electrolyte for the vanadium redox flow battery is an electrolyte for a redox flow battery comprising a positive electrolyte and a negative electrolyte, wherein the positive electrolyte includes a positive active material and a positive additive, the negative electrolyte includes a negative active material, and the positive electrode additive may include a first ammonium salt. The electrolyte for a vanadium redox flow battery of the present invention has excellent stability of a vanadium redox flow battery by introducing a non-corrosive, non-volatile additive to delay and suppress the precipitation of a vanadium compound and can improve the performance and lifespan of the battery.
However, there is need of sodium ion battery with improved energy density output and reduced cost.

Objective of the Invention:
The primary objective of the present invention is to overcome the drawback associated with prior art.
Another object of the present invention is to provide sodium-ion batteries.
Another object of the present invention is to provide sodium-ion batteries where a NASICON-type cathode is used, specifically Na3V(1-x)Mx(PO4)3, where M represents a cation such as Fe3+ or Mn2+.
Summary of the Invention:
In an aspect the present invention provides a NASICON-type sodium battery comprising:
a) an anode comprising a sodium-based active material configured to intercalating and deintercalating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes;
b) a cathode comprising a sodium-based active material configured to reversibly accommodating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes;
c) an electrolyte comprising a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) material configured for fast sodium ion transport between the anode and the cathode; and
d) plurality of current collectors are electrically connected to the anode and the cathode for the flow of electric charge during charge and discharge processes;
wherein a separator positioned between the anode and cathode, wherein the separator is configured to allow selective ion transport while preventing electronic short circuits.
In an embodiment, the sodium-based active material in the anode is selected from a group consisting of a sodium metal, a sodium alloys, and a sodium intercalation compounds.

In an embodiment, the sodium-based active material in the cathode is selected from the group consisting of a sodium metal oxides, a sodium metal sulfides, and a sodium metal phosphates.

In an embodiment, the NASICON material in the electrolyte is a sodium-ion conductive ceramic with the general formula Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12, where x ranges from 0 to 3.

In an embodiment, the current collectors are made of conductive materials such as copper, aluminum, or their alloys.

In an embodiment, the separator is a porous membrane made of materials with high ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity.

In an aspect the present invention provides a method of operation of NASICON-type sodium battery, comprising steps of:
a) intercalating and deintercalating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes by a sodium-based active material;
b) accommodating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes by a sodium-based active material; and
c) transporting fast sodium ion between the anode and the cathode by a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) material;
wherein mounting of a separator between the anode and cathode, allowing selective ion transport while preventing electronic short circuits.

Detailed description:
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, device or method that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus proceeded by “comprises... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or method.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides energy storage system having sodium-ion batteries.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides energy storage system having sodium-ion batteries with a NASICON-type cathode, specifically Na3V(1-x)Mx(PO4)3, where M represents a cation such as Fe3+ or Mn2+.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a NASICON-type sodium battery comprising:
a) an anode comprising a sodium-based active material configured to intercalating and deintercalating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes;
b) a cathode comprising a sodium-based active material configured to reversibly accommodating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes;
c) an electrolyte comprising a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) material configured for fast sodium ion transport between the anode and the cathode; and
d) plurality of current collectors are electrically connected to the anode and the cathode for the flow of electric charge during charge and discharge processes;
wherein a separator positioned between the anode and cathode, wherein the separator is configured to allow selective ion transport while preventing electronic short circuits.
In an embodiment, the sodium-based active material in the anode is selected from a group consisting of a sodium metal, a sodium alloys, and a sodium intercalation compounds.

In an embodiment, the sodium-based active material in the cathode is selected from the group consisting of a sodium metal oxides, a sodium metal sulfides, and a sodium metal phosphates.

In an embodiment, the NASICON material in the electrolyte is a sodium-ion conductive ceramic with the general formula Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12, where x ranges from 0 to 3.

In an embodiment, the current collectors are made of conductive materials such as copper, aluminum, or their alloys.

In an embodiment, the separator is a porous membrane made of materials with high ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method of operation of NASICON-type sodium battery, comprising steps of:
a) intercalating and deintercalating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes by a sodium-based active material;
b) accommodating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes by a sodium-based active material; and
c) transporting fast sodium ion between the anode and the cathode by a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) material;
wherein mounting of a separator between the anode and cathode, allowing selective ion transport while preventing electronic short circuits.

In an embodiment, the cathode of present invention is Na3V(1-x)Mx(PO4)3 cathode, where M represents Fe3+ or Mn2+ cations. This composition replaces the expensive and toxic vanadium element with more affordable and eco-friendly elements.
In an embodiment, the present invention uses the partial substitution of vanadium with iron or manganese, which not only reduces the cost but also increases the energy output of the cathode.
In an embodiment, the technical advantage achieved by the invention is the improved energy density output and reduced cost of sodium-ion batteries compared to existing technologies. The specific engineering of the Na3V(1-x)Mx(PO4)3 cathode, with the substitution of vanadium by iron or manganese, is responsible for providing the technical advantage.

In an embodiment, the specific site (V3+ site) in the Na3V(1-x)Mx(PO4)3 cathode is engineered with low-cost and non-toxic electrochemically active metal ions, such as Fe3+ and Mn2+. The inclusion of Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions not only reduces the final product cost but also provides additional Na+ reaction sites and promotes high-valent activity, leading to increased capacity and energy density.
In an embodiment, the carbon encapsulation is employed on the cathode material to provide electronic support and improve surface conductivity. The in-situ carbon coating approach helps enhance battery life and stability.
In an embodiment, the storage system of the present invention can be used as a stationary energy storage system, including grid energy storage, home energy storage, and e-bikes, where sodium-ion batteries are being considered as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
Further, the improved energy density output and reduced cost make the storage system favourable for practical implementation in these stationary energy storage applications, offering a more affordable and sustainable energy storage solution.
,CLAIMS:We Claim:
1. A NASICON-type sodium battery comprising:
a) an anode comprising a sodium-based active material configured to intercalating and deintercalating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes;
b) a cathode comprising a sodium-based active material configured to reversibly accommodating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes;
c) an electrolyte comprising a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) material configured for fast sodium ion transport between the anode and the cathode; and
d) plurality of current collectors are electrically connected to the anode and the cathode for the flow of electric charge during charge and discharge processes;
wherein a separator positioned between the anode and cathode, wherein the separator is configured to allow selective ion transport while preventing electronic short circuits.
2. The NASICON-type sodium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sodium-based active material in the anode is selected from a group consisting of a sodium metal, a sodium alloys, and a sodium intercalation compounds.
3. The NASICON-type sodium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sodium-based active material in the cathode is selected from the group consisting of a sodium metal oxides, a sodium metal sulfides, and a sodium metal phosphates.
4. The NASICON-type sodium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the NASICON material in the electrolyte is a sodium-ion conductive ceramic with the general formula Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12, where x ranges from 0 to 3.
5. The NASICON-type sodium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the current collectors are made of conductive materials such as copper, aluminum, or their alloys.
6. The NASICON-type sodium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the separator is a porous membrane made of materials with high ionic conductivity and low electronic conductivity.
7. A method of operation of NASICON-type sodium battery as claimed in claim 1, comprising steps of:
a) intercalating and deintercalating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes by a sodium-based active material;
b) accommodating sodium ions during charge and discharge processes by a sodium-based active material; and
c) transporting fast sodium ion between the anode and the cathode by a sodium super ionic conductor (NASICON) material;
wherein mounting a separator between the anode and cathode, allowing selective ion transport while preventing electronic short circuits.