Description:A DEFLECTOR UNIT FOR A VEHICLE
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present subject matter relates in general to a vehicle. More particularly but not exclusively the present subject matter relates to a deflector unit for an internal combustion engine of the vehicle.
BACKGROUND 5
[0002] Vehicles are designed with the objective of mobility and comprise of essential components such as a prime mover configured to enable conversion of one form of energy to another, where the converted energy is transmitted onto one or more wheels through a transmission system to enable propulsion of the vehicle. The prime mover employed in the vehicles can be an internal combustion engine, 10 electrical energy storage unit such as battery packs or a combination of internal combustion engine and electrical energy storage unit.
[0003] The conversion of one form of energy to another by the prime mover entails an exothermic reaction with an enormous amount of heat generated inside the prime mover. The by-product of energy conversion being the heat generated can cause 15 wear and tear to the internal components of the prime mover as well as adversely affecting the optimal operation of the prime mover and conversely the vehicle.
[0004] In vehicles, one or more cover panels are provided to protect internal components of the vehicle which reduce the space available for incoming ram air into the vehicle, thereby reducing the efficiency of air-cooling methods for prime 20 movers in the vehicles.
[0005] Conventionally, the internal combustion engines in vehicles are provided with a plurality of heat radiating units having extended surfaces for heat dissipation. These extended surfaces may be in the form of fins and are configured to dissipate the heat in the internal combustion engine onto the surrounding environment. The 25 plurality of heat radiating units are typically provided along the surfaces of the cylinder block and the formation or integration of the plurality of heat radiating units on the cylinder block incurs a manufacturing and production cost. Further, owing to feasibility limitations the plurality of heat radiating units are typically limited to the cylinder block surfaces. In the conventional internal combustion 30
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engine architecture, other parts of the internal combustion engine such as the magneto cover, the spark plug region, the clutch cover, and even the cylinder head cover do not have heat radiating units for heat dissipation leading to elevated heat zones persistent in the internal combustion engine. [0006] In some exemplary designs of the internal combustion engines, the cylinder 5 head cover is provided with the plurality of heat radiating units which adversely increases manufacturing and production costs associated with the overall internal combustion engine.
[0007] In other known arts, a radiator unit is deployed in the vehicle to effectuate prime mover cooling. However, incorporation of additional cooling methods such 10 as radiator units in the vehicle envisage a higher production and manufacturing cost as well as a proportionate increase in the overall weight and number of components of the vehicle, effecting compact vehicle layout.
[0008] Thus, there is a requirement of a mechanism configured to effectively cool the heated parts of the internal combustion engine and other heated components of 15 the vehicle, whilst simultaneously addressing the weight and cost concerns in the vehicles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features 20 described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
[00010] According to embodiments illustrated herein, the present invention provides a deflector unit. The deflector unit is configured to deflect an incoming air onto one or more parts of an internal combustion engine. The deflector unit 25 comprising a first part and a second part. Herein the first part and the second part are integrally formed with each other. The first part includes a first portion, a second portion and a third portion. The first portion is a curved profile, the second portion is a wall extending laterally from the first portion and running parallelly along with an interfacing portion. The first portion and the second portion are integrated at the 30
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interfacing portion. The third portion extending in a downward direction from the interfacing portion.
[00011] According to another embodiment illustrated herein, the present invention provides a vehicle. The vehicle comprising a frame structure, an internal combustion engine. The frame structure being configured to provide a skeletal 5 support to the vehicle. The internal combustion engine being configured to be mounted horizontally below the frame structure. The internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head, a cylinder block, a spark plug, and a deflector unit herein, the cylinder head being located towards a front part of the vehicle. The cylinder block being located behind the cylinder head of the vehicle. The spark plug 10 being disposed on one of a sides of the cylinder block of the internal combustion engine and the deflector unit being mounted onto a pre-defined region of the cylinder block of the vehicle. The deflector unit being configured to deflect an ingress air onto the internal combustion engine. The deflector unit comprising a first part and a second part, herein the first part and the second part are integrally 15 formed with each other. The first part includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion being a curved surface. The second portion being a wall, extending laterally from the first portion and running parallelly with an interfacing portion. The first portion and the second portion are integrated at the interfacing portion. The second part includes a third portion. he third portion extending in a downward 20 direction from the interfacing portion.
[00012] In an aspect, the first portion, and the interfacing portion together forms a scooping structure of a pre-defined curvature, facing the internal combustion engine, wherein the deflector unit with the pre-defined curvature is configured to deflect the incoming air onto the internal combustion engine. 25
[00013] In an aspect, the third portion comprising: a base plate, the base plate extending downwardly from the interfacing portion; one or more walls, the one or more walls laterally extending from the base plate, the one or more walls is configured to prevent rotation of the deflector unit, while in operation.
[00014] In an aspect, one or more openings, the one or more openings includes a 30 first opening, the first opening is configured for mounting the deflector unit onto a
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pre-defined region of the internal combustion engine; a second opening, the second opening is configured to accommodate a saw pipe of the internal combustion engine. [00015] In an aspect, the ingress air is deflected onto a spark plug region of the internal combustion engine. 5
[00016] In an aspect, wherein a pre-defined clearance being maintained between the deflector unit and the spark plug region of the internal combustion engine. The pre defined clearance ranges between 0-5mm.
[00017] In an aspect, the first portion, and the interfacing portion together forms a scooping structure of a pre-defined curvature, facing the internal combustion 10 engine.
[00018] In an aspect, wherein the pre-defined region of the cylinder block being co-axial to the spark plug in a vehicle lateral direction when viewed from a top view.
[00019] In an aspect, wherein the pre-defined region of the cylinder block being 15 below the cylinder head.
[00020] In an aspect, wherein the first portion of the deflector unit being extending horizontally along a vehicle top-down direction.
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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[00021] The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below and the accompanying drawings which are given by 25 way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and therein.
[00022] The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures, which is related to a vehicle. However, the present subject matter is not
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limited to the depicted embodiment(s). In the figures, the same or similar numbers are used throughout to reference features and components.
[00023] Figure 1a illustrates a left perspective view of the deflector unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00024] Figure 1b illustrates a right perspective view of the deflector unit in 5 accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00025] Figure 2a and Figure 2b illustrate a side perspective view of the deflector unit in accordance with a other embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00026] Figure 3 illustrates a frame structure side view depicting one or more components of the vehicle including an internal combustion engine and the 10 deflector unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00027] Figure 4 illustrates the frame structure perspective view depicting the one or more components of the vehicle including the internal combustion engine and the deflector unit in accordance with other embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00028] Figure 5 illustrates horizontally mounted internal combustion engine and 15 the deflector unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00029] Figure 6 illustrates a perspective view of the partially shown internal combustion engine, depicting a spark plug region and the deflector unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00030] The present disclosure may be best understood with reference to the detailed figures and description set forth herein. Various embodiments are 25 discussed below with reference to the figures. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed descriptions given herein with respect to the figures are simply for explanatory purposes as the embodiments may extend beyond
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the described embodiments. For example, the teachings presented, and the needs of a particular application may yield multiple alternative and suitable approaches to implement the functionality of any detail described herein. Therefore, any approach may extend beyond the particular implementation choices in the following embodiments described and shown. 5 [00031] References to “one embodiment,” “at least one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “one example,” “an example,” “for example,” and so on indicate that the embodiment(s) or example(s) may include a particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation but that not every embodiment or example necessarily includes that particular feature, structure, characteristic, 10 property, element, or limitation. Further, repeated use of the phrase “in an embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.
[00032] The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with different embodiments. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth 15 herein; rather those embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
[00033] The present subject matter is further described with reference to accompanying figures. It should be noted that the description and figures merely 20 illustrate principles of the present subject matter. Various arrangements may be devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, encompass the principles of the present subject matter. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and examples of the present subject matter, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof. 25
[00034] Various features and embodiments of the present subject matter here will be discernible from the following further description thereof, set out hereunder. It is contemplated that the concepts of the present subject matter may be applied to any kind of vehicle within the spirit and scope of this subject matter. The detailed explanation of the constitution of parts other than the present subject matter which 30 constitutes an essential part has been omitted at suitable places.
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[00035] The present invention is illustrated with a deflector unit for a vehicle. However, a person skilled in the art would appreciate that the present invention is not limited to a scooter type vehicle as illustrated in the figures and certain features, aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present invention can be extended to various types of vehicles having an internal combustion engine and even hybrid 5 vehicles. In an exemplary embodiment, certain features of the deflector unit can be used in conjunction with an electric vehicle layout.
[00036] It is an object of the present subject matter to effectively cool one or more heated components of the internal combustion engine.
[00037] In accordance with the present disclosure, the present subject matter 10 provides a deflector unit. The deflector unit is mounted on an external surface of the internal combustion engine. The deflector unit is configured to deflect an incoming air onto one or more parts of the internal combustion engine. The deflector unit comprising a first part and a second part. The first part and the second part are integrally formed with each other. The first part includes a first portion, the 15 first portion being a curved surface; a second portion, the second portion being a wall, extending laterally from the first portion and running parallelly along with an interfacing portion. The first portion and the second portion are integrated at the interfacing portion. The second part includes a third portion, the third portion extending in a downward direction from the interfacing portion. 20
[00038] To this end, the deflector unit deflect incoming ram air during vehicle propulsion through an air ingress passage onto the spark plug region of the internal combustion engine. The spark plug region of the internal combustion engine is a particular hot zone owing to the high voltage supply of electricity to induce combustion in the fuel. 25
[00039] Additionally, the deflector units are disposed in a pre-defined region of a cylinder block. The pre-defined region of the cylinder block being co-axial to the spark plug in a vehicle lateral direction when viewed from a top view.
[00040] The pre-defined air gap permits that the incoming ram air deflected onto the spark plug region of the internal combustion engine. The directing of the 30 incoming ram air onto spark plug region of the internal combustion engine achieves
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cooling of one or more heat zones of one or more parts of the internal combustion engine such as the cylinder block, thereby achieving effective cooling of the internal combustion engine. [00041] It is an object of the present subject matter to provide the deflector unit integrated with embodiments configured to optimally direct incoming ram air onto 5 one or more heated zones in the vehicle.
[00042] In accordance with the present disclosure the deflector units being disposed on a pre-defined regions of the cylinder block, eliminating the requirement of additional brackets for mounting deflectors or heat radiating units to be incorporated in conjunction with the internal combustion engine. Thereby 10 maintaining a compact vehicle layout in compliance with vehicle designing requirements without increasing the overall weight and the number of components in the vehicle.
[00043] Additionally, as ram incoming air is directed effectively for effective cooling of the internal combustion engine, the overall maintenance and operational 15 cost is further reduced.
[00044] It is an object of the present disclosure to implement a poka yoke method to ensure precise disposition of the deflector unit onto a pre-defined region on the cylinder block.
[00045] Owing to specific design requirements in accordance with the present 20 disclosure in terms of the angle of deflection and the existence of the pre-defined air gap, the deflector unit incorporates a poka yoke method for disposition of the deflector unit onto the cylinder block.
[00046] Additionally, to ensure secure disposition and anti-rotation of the deflector unit in the vehicle, the deflector unit comprises one or more walls, the one or more 25 walls laterally extending from the base plate the one or more walls is configured to prevent rotation of the deflector unit. It addresses possible issues of anti-rotation in the deflector unit of the vehicle.
[00047] The present subject matter is further described with reference to accompanying figures. It should be noted that the description and figures merely 30 illustrate principles of the present subject matter. Various arrangements may be
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devised that, although not explicitly described or shown herein, encompass the principles of the present subject matter. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and examples of the present subject matter, as well as specific examples thereof, are intended to encompass equivalents thereof. [00048] The present subject matter may be implemented in any form of vehicles. 5 However, for the purpose of explanation and by no limitation, the present invention, and corresponding additional advantages and features are described through the following embodiments depicting a scooter type vehicle.
[00049] Figure 1(a) and figure 1(b) exemplarily illustrates a left and right perspective view of the deflector unit 110 in accordance with an embodiment of the 10 present disclosure. Fig.(1a) and fig.1(b) shall be discussed together. With reference to Figure (1a), 110 denotes a deflector unit, 110a denotes a first part and 110b denotes a second part of the deflector unit (110). It further illustrates that the first part 110a and the second part 110b are integrally formed with each other. The first part 110a includes a first portion denoted by 112, 114 denotes a second portion, 118 15 denotes a third portion of the deflector unit. Figure 1(a) specifically denotes a base plate 170, and walls 171, 172 extending laterally from the base plate 170. It further illustrates that the first portion 112 is a curved profile. The second portion 114 is a wall extending laterally from the first portion and running parallelly along an interfacing portion denoted by 130. The third portion 118 extending in a downward 20 direction from the interfacing portion 130. It further illustrates that the first portion 112 and the interfacing portion 130 together forms a scooping structure of a pre-defined curvature, facing the internal combustion engine. The curvature is to deflect an incoming air onto the internal combustion engine. The base plate 170 extending downwardly from the interfacing portion 130. The walls 171 and 172 is configured 25 to prevent rotation of the deflector unit. Figure 1(b) specifically denotes one or more openings 120, 122 in the third portion 118 of the deflector unit 110. The first opening 120 is configured for mounting the deflector unit 110 onto pre-defined region of the internal combustion engine. The second opening 122 is configured to accommodate a saw pipe of the internal combustion engine. 30
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[00050] Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b) exemplarily illustrate a side perspective view of the deflector unit in accordance with other embodiments of the present disclosure. With reference to Figure 2, 112 denotes a first portion, 114 denotes a second portion, 118 denotes a third portion of the deflector unit. Interfacing portion 130 has been illustrated in Figure 2(b) specifically along with the walls 171, 172.
5 The walls 171 and 172 is configured to prevent rotation of the deflector unit.
[00051] Figure 3 exemplarily illustrates a frame structure side view depicting one or more components of the vehicle including an internal combustion engine and the deflector unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to Figure 3, 350 denotes a frame structure, 300 denotes an internal 10 combustion engine, 312 denotes a cylinder head, 314 denotes a cylinder block. It also illustrates the deflector unit 110 being mounted onto the cylinder block 314. The frame structure 350 is configured to provide a skeletal support to the vehicle. The internal combustion engine is configured to be mounted horizontally below the frame structure 350. The cylinder head 312 is located towards the front part of the 15 vehicle. The cylinder block 314 is located behind the cylinder head 312 of the vehicle. The deflector unit 110 is configured to deflect an ingress air onto the internal combustion engine 300.
[00052] Figure 4 exemplarily illustrates the frame structure perspective view depicting the one or more components of the vehicle including the internal 20 combustion engine 300 and the deflector unit 110 in accordance with other embodiments of the present disclosure. With reference to Figure 4, 410 denotes spark plug region and 415 denotes spark plug of the internal combustion engine 300. The spark plug 415 is disposed on one of a sides of the cylinder block 314 of the internal combustion engine 300. The spark plug region 410 includes a 25 surrounding area on the cylinder block 314 around the spark plug 415, which illustrates a hot zone around the spark plug 415. The spark plug region 410 having the hot zone need to be cooled down for optimum performance of the spark plug 415 as well as the engine 300. The curved face of the deflector unit 110 having the first part 110(a) is facing towards the spark plug region 410 so that the deflector 30
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unit 110 directs the incoming ram air from a front portion of the vehicle, towards the spark plug region 410. [00053] Figure 5 exemplarily illustrates horizontally mounted internal combustion engine 300 and the deflector unit 110 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The internal combustion engine 300 is configured to be mounted
5 horizontally below the frame structure 350. The cylinder head 312 is located towards the front part of the vehicle. The cylinder block 314 is located behind the cylinder head 312 of the vehicle. The deflector unit 110 is configured to deflect an ingress air to the spark plug region 410 of the spark plug 450 of the internal combustion engine 300. 10
[00054] Figure 6 exemplarily illustrates a perspective view of the partially shown internal combustion engine 300, depicting a spark plug region 410 and the deflector unit 110 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The spark plug 415 is disposed on one of a sides of the cylinder block 314 of the internal combustion engine 300. The deflector unit 110 is configured to deflect an ingress 15 air to the spark plug region 410 of the spark plug 450 of the internal combustion engine 300. In an embodiment, the air gap between the deflector unit and cylinder block surface lies in the range of 0-5mm.
[00055] The terms “an embodiment”, “embodiment”, “embodiments”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiments”, “one or more embodiments”, “some 20 embodiments”, and “one embodiment” mean “one or more (but not all) embodiments of the invention(s)” unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms “including”, “comprising”, “having” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to”, unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms “a”, “an” and “the” mean “one or more”, unless expressly specified otherwise. 25
[00056] The disclosed claimed limitations and the disclosure provided herein provides a deflector unit for a vehicle. The claimed invention in an aspect provides enhanced cooling of the components of the internal combustion engine.
[00057] Advantageously, the present subject matter provides various advantages such as effectively cooling of heated components of the internal combustion engine. 30
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It provides the deflector unit integrated with embodiments configured to optimally direct incoming air onto heated zones in the vehicles. Additionally, it implements a poka yoke method to ensure precise disposition of the deflector unit onto a pre-defined region on the cylinder block. Owing to specific design requirements in accordance with the present disclosure in terms of the angle of deflection and the 5 existence of the pre-defined air gap, the deflector unit incorporates a poka yoke method for disposition of the deflector unit onto the cylinder block. Additionally, to ensure secure disposition and anti-rotation of the deflector unit in the vehicle, the deflector unit comprises one or more walls, the one or more walls laterally extending from the base plate the one or more walls is configured to prevent rotation 10 of the deflector unit. It addresses possible issues of anti-rotation in the deflector unit of the vehicle. [00058] A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with another does not imply that all such components are required, On the contrary, a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the 15 wide variety of possible embodiments of the invention,
[00059] Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter and is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, 20 but rather by any claims that issue on an application based here on. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present invention are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
[00060] While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The 25 various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
[00061] A person with ordinary skills in the art will appreciate that the systems, modules, and sub-modules have been illustrated and explained to serve as examples 30
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and should not be considered limiting in any manner. It will be further appreciated that the variants of the above disclosed system elements, modules, and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be combined to create other different systems or applications. [00062] While the present disclosure has been described with reference to certain 5 embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the present disclosure not be 10 limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the present disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. , Claims:We claim:
1. A deflector unit (110), the deflector unit (110) is configured to deflect an incoming air onto one or more parts of an internal combustion engine (300), the deflector unit (110) comprising:
a first part (110a) and a second part (110b); wherein the first part 5 (110a) and the second part (110b) are integrally formed with each other;
wherein,
the first part (110a) includes:
a first portion (112), the first portion (112) being a curved profile; 10
a second portion (114), the second portion (114) being a wall, extending laterally from the first portion (112) and running parallelly along with an interfacing portion (130);
wherein, the first portion (112) and the second portion (114) are integrated at the interfacing portion (130); 15
the second part (110b) includes:
a third portion (118), the third portion (118) extending in a downward direction from the interfacing portion (130).
2. The deflector unit (110) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first portion 20 (112), and the interfacing portion (130) together forms a scooping structure of a pre-defined curvature, facing the internal combustion engine (300), wherein the deflector unit (110) with the pre-defined curvature is configured to deflect the incoming air onto the internal combustion engine (300).
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3. The deflector unit (110) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third portion (118) includes:
a base plate (170), the base plate (170) extending downwardly from the interfacing portion (130);
one or more walls (171, 172), the one or more walls (171,172) 30 laterally extending from the base plate (170), the one or more walls
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(171, 172) is configured to prevent rotation of the deflector unit (110), while in operation.
4. The deflector unit (110) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the third portion (118) includes; 5
one or more openings (120,122), the one or more openings (120,122) includes;
a first opening (120), the first opening (120) is configured for mounting the deflector unit (110) onto a pre-defined region of the internal combustion engine (300); and 10
a second opening (122), the second opening (122) is configured to accommodate a saw pipe of the internal combustion engine (300).
5. The deflector unit (110) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the incoming air is 15 deflected onto a spark plug region (410) of a spark plug (415) of the internal combustion engine (300).
6. The deflector unit (110) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pre-defined clearance being maintained between the deflector unit (110) and an external 20 surface of the internal combustion engine (300), in the spark plug region (410).
7. A vehicle, the vehicle comprising:
a frame structure (350), the frame structure (350) being configured 25 to provide a skeletal support to the vehicle;
an internal combustion engine (300), the internal combustion engine (300) being configured to be mounted horizontally below the frame structure (350), the internal combustion engine (300) comprising:
a cylinder head (312); the cylinder head (312) being located 30 towards a front part of the vehicle (500);
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a cylinder block (314), the cylinder block (314) being located behind the cylinder head (312) of the vehicle (500);
a spark plug (415), the spark plug (415) being disposed on one of a sides of the cylinder block (314) of the internal combustion engine (300); and 5
a deflector unit (110), the deflector unit (110) being mounted onto a pre-defined region of the cylinder block (314) of the vehicle (500), the deflector unit (110) being configured to deflect an ingress air onto the internal combustion engine (300),
the deflector unit (110) comprising: 10
a first part (110a) and a second part (110b); wherein the first part (110a) and the second part (110b) are integrally formed with each other;
wherein,
the first part (110a) includes: 15
a first portion (112), the first portion (112) being a curved surface;
a second portion (114), the second portion (114) being a wall, extending laterally from the first portion (112) and running parallelly with an 20 interfacing portion (130);
wherein,
the first portion (112) and the second portion (114) are integrated at the interfacing portion (130); 25
the second part (110b) includes:
a third portion (118), the third portion (118) extending in a downward direction from the interfacing portion (130).
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8.The vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first portion (112), the secondportion (114), and the interfacing portion (130) together forms a scoopingstructure of a pre-defined curvature, facing the internal combustion engine(300)
9.The vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pre-defined region of the5 cylinder block (314) being co-axial to the spark plug (415) in a vehiclelateral direction when viewed from a top view.
10.The vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the pre-defined region of thecylinder block (314) being behind the cylinder head (312).
11.The vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first portion (112) of the10 deflector unit (110) being extending horizontally along a vehicle top-downdirection.
Dated 01st day of August 2023