Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a novel sustained release solid semiochemical/s dispenser wherein Semiochemicals may be any of pheromone or allelochemicals and method of preparation thereof. More specifically, the solid tablet semiochemical dispenser, comprises low-cost release controlling agent in addition to Semiochemicals and other functional ingredients, releases semiochemical/s in sustained manner for longer period when placed in open environment or in agricultural field and can be used for mating disruption or mass trapping-control of targeted insects. Solid tablet dispenser containing attractant semiochemical/s are additionally capable of releasing semiochemical even when submerged in water and providing attraction for mass trapping -control.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Integrated pest management (IPM) is recommended for the management of economically important agriculture pests and fruit flies. Spraying chemical pesticides are the most practiced methods of controlling insects in agricultural fields. However, there are problems with such methods, as spraying insecticide may not aim only at the target insect and kills the beneficial insects. Also, these indiscriminate application methods lead to wastage of insecticide, demand frequent application upon resistance development in insects and results in residual problems in the final harvest and environment. In addition to environmental hazards, there are dangers involved for the farmer spraying pesticides on crops. These hazards include the danger of inhalation and dermal absorption of the spray. Other pest control methods include applying powders to a specific site where the pest is known to be present. There are several limitations associated with applying chemical pesticides in a loose powder format. Typically, these methods are economical only for use in small pest infestation areas. However, this use is best suited for discreet domestic and garden application rather than pest control markets on large farms, particularly agriculture and forestry. Also, direct application of loose powders to the environment, such as puffing or dusting, can be difficult and dangerous for human life. For example, powders can easily be blown away, and inhalation of these powders is harmful to the user. In addition, the powders can be easily carried away, particularly in outdoor environmental conditions. Use of Female sex Pheromones or Semiochemicals are also known as a method of insect specific population control. But mostly used in the form of lures or application in traps.

Patent US4325941A discloses solid formulations containing, as an active substance, a sex pheromone; as main vehicles, a carrier having absorbing properties and another carrier having adsorbing properties, and, furthermore, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a sticker, an ultraviolet (U.V.) stabilizer, an antioxidant and, optionally, a film-forming resin. The prepared mixture is directly utilized for insect control and active release duration of this formulation is less than seven days.
Patent WO2001026462 discloses a biodegradable device with a slow release of volatile products which attract insects. The device consists of a biodegradable material based on starches and thermoplastic polymers impregnated with pheromones and molded in spiral or hook form.

Patent EP3090631A1 discloses sustained release pheromone formulation comprising a pheromone contained in a porous clay material, characterized in that the clay material has a weight average particle size of less than 0.2 mm and it is powder like solid.

US patent No 9936683B2 discloses a sustained release pheromone formulation that is not very likely to fall off from a tree branch or other support, once it is attached and secured to such a support, and which is capable of being quickly attached to large to small branches. However, the sustained release pheromone formulation needs to attach to a tree or other support. The formulation uses polymer sheet and impregnates with pheromones for insect control.

Patent IN202041042517, discloses a solid tablet composition for the control of agricultural pest using pheromones or attractant semiochemical/s in combination with glyceryl behenate mixture as release controlling agent, flow controlling agent and other functional ingredients, wherein mixture of magnesium aluminometasilicate and glyceryl behenate were used as flow improving agent during compression and release duration from pheromone based solid tablet is more than 90 days in agricultural field. However, this patent doesn’t describe the semiochemical/s release behavior when submerged in water. This is our older patent and considered as prior art.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to address at least some of the advantages over the prior arts. In view of the foregoing, the objective of the present invention is to provide a sustained release semiochemical/s based solid tablet semiochemical dispenser replacing magnesium aluminometasilicate and glyceryl behenate with relatively low-cost material oils and mesoporous silica mixture as release and flow controlling agent with comparable sustained release profile in open agricultural field and also provide efficient semiochemical release even when dipped in water or wet soil over the entire fertile period of the insect.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING

The present disclosure will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1: illustrates the field efficacy data of solid tablet ME (methyl eugenol) dispenser in guava field submerged in water and arial exposure.

Figure 2: illustrates the field efficacy data of CL(cue lure) solid tablet semiochemical dispenser in scarlet gourd field submerged in water and arial exposure;

Figure 3: illustrates Comparative release profile of solid tablet semiochemical dispenser with different semiochemical on open field exposure.

Figure 4: illustrates Effect of control release agent on solid tablet verbenone dispenser release profile on open field exposure;

Figure 5: illustrates effect of control release agent concentration on solid tablet RPW dispenser release profile on field exposure;

Figure 6: illustrates effect of holes on blister pack of solid tablet DBM Dispenser on field exposure;

Figure 7: illustrates attractive effect of variable weight TUTA solid tablet dispenser on insect catches;

Figure 8: illustrates solid tablet dispensers with single, two and Multi tablets blister pack.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides solid tablet semiochemical dispenser comprises semiochemical/s pheromone or allomone or kairomone, mesoporous adsorbent, matrix forming agent or filler, low-cost release modifier or controlling agent, binder, antioxidant, UV absorber and lubricant which used for insect management either by mating disruption or mass trapping-control technique. The solid semiochemical dispenser releases active ingredients in the open environment and even when immersed or submerged in water. A low-cost mixture of mesoporous silica and oils mixture used as release controlling agent in the present discloser.

In one aspect, solid tablet Semiochemicals dispenser releases embedded straight chain lepidopteran female insect sex pheromone or semiochemical/s in gradual and prolonged duration for mating disruption of insects.

Accordingly, the semiochemical/s that can be loaded targeting the fruit flies in the solid tablet semiochemical dispenser includes verbenone, Methyl eugenol, Cuelure, Trimedlure, Spiroketal or another attractant semiochemical/s.

In another characteristic of the invention, solid tablet semiochemical dispenser releases semiochemical/s and attracts fruit flies even when submerged in water and can be used for mass trapping of fruit flies includes Bactrocera dorsalis, B. zonata, B. correcta, B. carambolae B. cucurbitae, B. oleae, Ceratitis capitata in addition to other flies.

In another viewpoint of this invention, solid tablet semiochemical dispensers are used in McPhail traps and can be used for any sticky traps, water traps, and bucket traps.
In another aspect, the tablets are used as uncoated or coated tablets of biconvex, Polo type tablets and Mini tablets shapes and prepared by compressing on suitable tableting machine.

According to another aspect, the present invention provides semiochemical based formulations which are optionally film coated.

The tablet or mini tablet formulations of the present invention provide continued and sustained release of the active into the air over a period of 100 to 180days or more.

Abbreviations:
AI- Active ingredient
BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene
DCP: Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate
ME: Methyl eugenol
CL: Cue lure
Carbon HBET: Carbon with high surface area
SBA15/Syloid 244P: Mesoporous silica
Compritol 888: Glyceryl behenate,
UV: Ultraviolet,
RPW: Red palm weevil,
DBM: Diamond back moth,
FAW: Fall armyworm,
BFSB: Brinjal fruit and shoot borer,

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses sustained release semiochemical/s based solid tablet semiochemical dispenser or formulation comprises semiochemical/s, matrix forming agent, release controlling agent, binder, antioxidant, UV absorber and lubricant, releases active ingredients in open environment or agricultural field and providing efficient pest control by mating disruption or mass trapping technique. The solid dispenser releases semiochemical/s even when submerged in water over the entire fertile period of the insect, and can be placed in water trays / traps, wherein release controlling agent is mixture of oils in suitable ratio with mesoporous materials different from glyceryl behenate and as reported in IN202041042517.

The solid tablet semiochemical dispenser or pheromones-based solid formulations are capable of gradually releasing pheromone substance suitable for insect pest control over a long period of time and can be easily placed/dispersed/distributed on the soil of an agricultural field or can be sprayed on the plants by dissolving in suitable medium and can be stored up to two years under normal storage conditions.

The solid tablet or mini tablet semiochemical dispenser or formulations of the present invention provide continued and controlled release of the active into the air over a period of 100 to 180days or more preferably 120 days. However active release can be from 50 to 100days if submerged in water.

In an embodiment, the semiochemical/s, selected from straight-chained lepidopteran pheromones (SCLP), a group of pheromones consisting of unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbon chain of nine to eighteen carbons, containing up to three double bonds, ending with an alcohol or acetate or aldehyde functional groups, in addition to other semiochemical/s. The pheromones used in the present invention selected from the group consisting of the active blend of (Z, Z)-7, 11- hexadecadien-1-yl acetate and (Z, E)-7, 11- hexadecadien-1-yl acetate; the active blend of Z 9- Tetradecenyl acetate, Z7- Dodecenyl acetate and 15 Z11- Hexadecenyl acetate; the active blend of E-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate and (E)-11-hexadecen-1-ol; the active blend of 3E,8Z,11Z-Tetradecatrienyl acetate and 3E,8Z-Tetradecadienyl acetate; the active, (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-Hexadeca trien-1-al; the active blend of Z-11-Hexadecenal, Z-11-Hexadecenyl-1-acetate and Z-11- Hexadecenol; the active blend of Z-11-Hexadecenal and Z-9-Hexadecenal; the 20 active blend of Z-11-Hexadecenal and Z-9-Hexadecenal; the active blend of (Z,E)- 9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate and Z9,E-12-Tetradecadienyl acetate; the active blend of Cis-3-Hexenyl acetate and 2E- Hexen-1-ol; the active blend of Z-11- Hexadecenyl-1-acetate and Z-11-Hexadecenol; the active of Z-11-Hexadecenol; the active of (7Z,9E)-Dodeca-7,9,11-trien-1-yl formate (Carob moth); 11Z,13Z25 Hexadeca dienal; the active blend of 4 methyl 5 nonanol and 4 methyl 5 nonanone; the active of Ethyl-4-Methyl octanoate; the active of (E,E) -8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol; the active blend of (Z)-8-Dodecen-1-yl acetate, (E)-8-Dodecen-1-yl-acetate and (Z)-8-Dodecen-1-ol; the active, (1R)-cis-4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1]hept-3-en30 2-one; the active blend of ESB, the active blend of ISB, the active blend of RYSB , the active blend of NOW; the active blend of Thrips; the active blend of Bloom; the active Noctovi; the blend of Z-13- Octadecynyl acetate and Z-13-Octadecenol; the blend of (E,E)-10,12- 7 hexadecadienal, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol and E-10-hexadecenal; the blend of Z,E-9,12-Tetradecadien-1-yl-Acetate and Z-9 Tetradecenol; the blend of (Z)-8- Dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E)-8-Dodecen-1-yl-acetate; the active, (7E,9Z) dodeca7,9-dien-1-yl acetate and the active 4-vinyl Anisole.

In another embodiment, the attractant semiochemical selected from the group Methyl eugenol, Cue lure, active blend of RPW, Trimedlure, Spiroketal, verbenone or other attractant semiochemical either alone or a mixture thereof.

In another embodiment, the release controlling agent selected from a mixture of vegetable oil and synthetic oils in specific ratio wherein vegetable oils further selected form the group comprising soybean oil, rice bran oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, castor oil, jojoba oil, oleic acid, safflower oil, corn oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, castor oil, medium chain triglycerides, Isopropyl palmitate, and synthetic oils selected from mineral or paraffin oils. Most preferred release controlling agent selected herein a mixture of soyabean and paraffin oil.

In an embodiment, the ratio of paraffin oil to vegetable oil selected from 1:1 to 4:1 w/w for sustained and prolonged release of Semiochemicals.

In another embodiment, antioxidant selected either butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) or butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) for the present solid formulation.

In an embodiment, semiochemical adsorbent material selected from the group consisting of mesoporous materials with very narrow pore size including Magnesium Aluminometasilicate, and mesoporous silica. The mesoporous silica used as intragranular as well as extra-granular carriers in the preparation of solid formulations of the present invention.
In an embodiment, mesoporous Carbon HBET selected as UV absorbent and active adsorbent in the present invention.

In an embodiment, filler selected from the group dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, Lactose, Starch or mannitol preferably dicalcium phosphate.

In an embodiment, binder is selected from the group consisting of Hydroxy propyl cellulose, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate), polyvinyl pyrrolidone either alone or in combination thereof.

In another embodiment, lubricant selected from stearic acid, magnesium stearate, Zinc stearate, calcium stearate preferably magnesium stearate.

In yet another embodiment, the solid tablet semiochemical dispenser formulations compressed in the form of double convex tablets, mini tablets, and Polo type tablets using tableting machine and the tablets are coated or uncoated tablets.

In another embodiment, the solid tablet semiochemical dispenser exhibits an average release rate from 0.02mg per day to 0.2mg per day for straight chain lepidopteran pheromones like FCM, PBW, Carob moth, DBM, ESB, ISB, RYSB , NOW, FAW, Helico, Spodopetra littura, BESB, CLM or other SCLP’s, whereas 5 mg per day for others attractive semiochemical/s.

In another embodiment, solid tablet dispenser can be optionally film coated with available ready mix water dispersible coating system comprises water soluble polymers not limited to Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, and acrylates.

The general method of preparation for the solid tablet semiochemical dispenser comprises following steps,
a) Pheromone or semiochemical in an amount 0.5 to 40% w/w of the total composition was dissolved in highly volatile organic solvent dichloromethane along with antioxidant in an amount 0.05 to 1% w/w of total composition, oil mixture 5 to 15% w/w of total composition (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil).
b) a premix intragranular part is prepared by adsorbing Semiochemicals solution prepared in step a) onto mixture of mesoporous materials and carbon HBET adsorbent present in an amount 1 to 30 % w/w of total composition. Organic solvent was evaporated during drying up to 500C.
c) The premix was then sieved through # 30 to 50 mesh and blended with extra granular mesoporous material in an amount 8 to 30% w/w of total composition, binder 1 to 5% of total composition and Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP) in an amount 10 to 65%w/w of total composition.
d) The blend thus obtained was lubricated with magnesium stearate in an amount up to 1% w/w of the total composition and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 250 to 2000mg per tablet.

Embodiments are provided to convey the scope of the present disclosure thoroughly and fully to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details, are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
The terminology used in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms “a”, “an”, and “the” may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms “comprise”, “comprising”, “including” and “having” are open ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, units and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The order of steps disclosed in the method and process of the present disclosure is not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance as described or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be taken.

As used herein, the term “and/or” includes all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.

The abbreviations used in the present disclosure have the meaning as specified below unless mentioned otherwise:

Some examples of the present disclosure are given for illustrative purposes.

Example 1 - Solid tablet PBW dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 10g of Carbon HBET were prepared and weighed. 10g of PBW active ingredient (AI), 0.08 g of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT ) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM ) and added to adsorb onto mesoporous silica and Carbon HBET mixture. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through BIS # 50 mesh and blended with 100 g extra granular mesoporous silica, and 10 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate), 295 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500 and 1000 mg. Some portions of prepared tablet coated with 1.5% Polyacrylate, and 1.5% Polyacrylate modified with Stearic acid or HPMC.

AI retention percent results from present invention indicates that 86% of PBW AI is retained by loading 10mg /tablet after 21 days irrespective of coating, while the Control release is expected up to 150 days for both coated and uncoated tablet formulation for effective control of Pink Bollworm (PBW).

Example 2 - Solid tablet FAW dispenser:
A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 10g of Carbon HBET were prepared and weighed. 10g of FAW active ingredient (AI), 0.08 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM ) and added to adsorb onto mesoporous silica and Carbon HBET mixture. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 100 g extra granular mesoporous silica, and 10 g of poly vinyl pyrrolidone, 295 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500 and 1000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 3 - Solid tablet DBM dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 10g of Carbon HBET were prepared and weighed. 10g of DBM active ingredient (AI), 0.08 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM ) and added to adsorb onto mesoporous silica and Carbon HBET mixture. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 100 g extra granular mesoporous silica, and 10 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate), 295 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500 and 1000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 4 - Solid tablet TUTA dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 2.5g of Carbon HBET were prepared and weighed. 2.5g of TUTA active ingredient (AI), 0.02 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM ) and added to adsorb onto mesoporous silica and Carbon HBET mixture. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 54 g extra granular mesoporous silica, and 5 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate), 114 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 2.5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 250 and 500mg.
The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 5 - Solid tablet BFSB dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 10g of Carbon HBET were prepared and weighed. 10g of BFSB active ingredient (AI), 0.08 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM ) and added to adsorb onto mesoporous silica and Carbon HBET mixture. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 100 g extra granular mesoporous silica, and 10 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate), 295 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500, and 1000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 6 - Solid tablet RYSB dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 10g of Carbon HBET were prepared and weighed. 10g of RYSB active ingredient (AI), 0.08 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM ) and added to adsorb onto mesoporous silica and Carbon HBET mixture. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 100 g extra granular mesoporous silica, and 10 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate), 295 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500, and 1000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 7 - Solid tablet Carb moth dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 10g of Carbon HBET were prepared and weighed. 10g of Carb moth active ingredient (AI), 0.08 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM ) and added to adsorb onto mesoporous silica and Carbon HBET mixture. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 100 g extra granular mesoporous silica, and 10 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate), 295 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500, and 1000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 8 - Solid tablet ME dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 150g of Carbon HBET were weighed. To this, a solution of 150g of methyl eugenol active ingredient (AI), 0.3 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane were added to adsorbed on it. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 40 g extra granular mesoporous silica, 10 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and 75 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate (DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500mg, 1000mg and 2000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 9 - Solid tablet RPW dispenser:

A mixture of 20g of mesoporous silica and 150g of Carbon HBET were weighed. To this, a solution of 150g of RPW active ingredient (AI), 1g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM) were added to adsorbed on it. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 40g extra granular mesoporous silica, 10 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate) and 75 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500mg,1000mg and 2000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 10 - Solid tablet Spiroketal dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 150g of Carbon HBET were weighed. To this, a solution of 150g of Spiroketal active ingredient (AI), 0.3 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM) were adsorbed on it. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 40 g extra granular mesoporous silica, 10 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and 75 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate (DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500 mg,1000mg, and 2000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 11 - Solid tablet Verbenone dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 150g of Carbon HBET were weighed. To this, a solution of 150g of Verbenone active ingredient (AI), 0.3 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM) were added to adsorbed on it. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 40g extra granular mesoporous silica, 10 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate) and 75 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500 mg, 1000 mg, and 2000 mg.

Sample dollops exposed for open environment were collected at predetermined time and percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 12 - Solid tablet RHY dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 150g of Carbon HBET were weighed. To this, a solution of 150g of RHY active ingredient (AI), 0.3 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM) were added to adsorbed on it. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 40 g extra granular mesoporous silica, 10 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and 75g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 1000mg, and 2000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Example 13 - Solid tablet CL dispenser:

A mixture of 20 g of mesoporous silica and 150g of Carbon HBET were weighed. To this, a solution of 150g of Cuelure active ingredient (AI), 0.3 g of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 50 g oil mixture (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil) dissolved with 250 ml of Dichloromethane (DCM ) were absorbed on it. Subsequently DCM was flashed out at 50 ?C. The premix was then sieved through # 50 mesh and blended with 40 g extra granular mesoporous silica, 10 g of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) and 75 g Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate ( DCP). The blend thus obtained was lubricated with 5 g magnesium stearate and then compacted to form a circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 500mg,1000 mg and 2000mg.

The percentage active retained with respect to time was determined using the standard GC method.

Release study:

About seventy number of solid tablets semiochemical dispensers were placed in the open agricultural field and allowed to be exposed in an open environment specifically in summer season (35 to 450C temperature range). After each predetermined time point, ten similar tablets were removed from the field and pulverized uniformly. The resulting blend was measure and suitable quantity was dispersed in ethyl acetate to extract retained amount of semiochemical/s in the solid tablets semiochemical dispensers. The amount of semiochemical released /retained was determined by standard Gas Chromatography method. A typical comparative release data of different paste formulations is given in figures 2 to 5.

Electroantennography (EAG) study:

Electroantennography was performed on active ingredients and final product solid tablet semiochemical/s dispenser using electroantennographic system (Syntech) to assess insect antennal response in laboratory which was further supported by bio-efficacy study in field condition. From laboratory study, it was found that both active semiochemical blend and final product showed significant antennal response with respect to air /solvents and other ingredients present in dispenser did not show any antennal responses on respective insects. We analyzed active ingredients and final formulation EAG responses for all Semiochemicals used in this invention and found that all are working well.

Bio-efficacy study of ME (2g) solid tablet semiochemical dispenser:

Methyl eugenol formulation can be used for suppression of Bactocera dorsalis, B. zonata and B.correcta and B.carambolae, a major pest of mango, guava, papaya, banana, custard apple, dragon fruit and other fruit crops.

The trial was carried out in a Guava field beginning from Mid-August 2021. There were two treatments. Treatment 1 (T1) consisted of one ME (2g with 30% ai) tablet placed in yellow coloured lower portion of McPhail trap containing about 300ml of water premixed with 1% insecticide solution (Spinosad 45 SC). Treatment 2 (T2) consisted of one ME (2g with 30% ai) tablet placed in lure holder of the McPhail trap along with 300 ml of water premixed with 1% insecticide (Spinosad 45 SC) at yellow bottom. The treatments were replicated thrice. The observations were carried out at regular intervals up to 41 days. The study results are provided in Fig 1. The study revealed that the tablets when immersed in water released the semiochemical till 41 days and attracted a greater number of Bactrocera dorsalis males than traps in T2. The attraction was also comparably high up to 20 days in T1 and afterwards the attraction decreased when compared to T2. The study concludes that tablet-based lures are capable of releasing Methyl Eugenol when immersed or submerged in water hence the technology will not fail even under rainy conditions. Moreover, placement of tablets in water up to 20 days during high population situations helps to trap maximum number of B. dorsalis males effectively than any other placement methods.

Bio-efficacy study of CL (2g) solid tablet semiochemical dispenser:

Cue lure semiochemical formulation can be used for suppression of Bactocera cucurbitae a major pest of cucurbits viz., Gherkins, pumpkin, cucumber, watermelon, musk melon, ridge gourd, bottle gourd, scarlet gourd, bitter gourd, snake gourd, ash gourd, white gourd, sponge gourd and other cucurbits.

The trial was carried out in a Scarlet Gourd field beginning from the first week of October 2021. There were two treatments. Treatment 1 (T1) consisted of one CL (2g with 30% ai) tablet placed in yellow coloured lower portion of McPhail trap containing about 300ml of water premixed with 1% insecticide solution (Spinosad 45 SC). Treatment 2 (T2) consisted of one CL (2g with 30% ai) tablet placed in lure holder of the McPhail trap along with 300 ml of water premixed with 1% insecticide (Spinosad 45 SC) at yellow bottom. The treatments were replicated thrice. The observations were carried out at regular intervals up to 41 days. The study results are provided in Fig 2. The present study also in accordance with the results observed in ME 2g tablet lure trials. The study revealed that the tablets when immersed in water released the semiochemical till 41 days and attracted a greater number of Bactrocera cucurbitae males than traps in T2. The attraction was also comparably high up to 20 days in T1 and afterwards the attraction decreased when compared to T2. The study concludes that the tablet-based lures are capable of releasing Cuelure when immersed in water hence the technology will not fail even under rainy conditions. Moreover, placement of tablets in water up to 20 days during high population situations helps to trap maximum number of B. cucurbitae males effectively than any other placement methods.

Bio-efficacy study of RPW (2g) solid tablet semiochemical dispenser:

RPW semiochemical formulation can be used for suppression of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus a major pest of palms producing holes at stem with chewed up fibers.

The trial was carried out in a Palm oil plantation field beginning from the first week of September 2022 at Turkapally region of Telangana. There were two treatments. Treatment 1 (T1) consisted of one RPW (2g with 30% ai) tablet placed in bucket traps containing about 1.5 litres of fermented liquid food bait. Treatment 2 (T2) consisted of one RPW (2g with 30% ai) tablet placed in bucket trap lid along with 1.5 litre of fermented liquid food bait. Both the bucket traps are installed at 1.5meter above the ground. The liquid food bait is prepared by dissolving 200gm of jaggery in 1.5 ltr of water and allowed to ferment in the trap. The treatments were replicated thrice. The traps were observed every three days for red palm weevil catches which were carried out at regular intervals up to 45 days. This study concludes that the tablet-based lures are capable of releasing red palm weevil pheromone along with combination of food bait attracts the weevils when immersed in water also. Hence the technology is found to be efficient even under rainy conditions.

Bio-efficacy study of TUTA (250 mg) solid tablet semiochemical dispenser:

TUTA semiochemical formulation can be used for suppression of Tuta absoluta, a major pest of tomato, although potato, aubergine, common bean, and various wild solanaceous plants are also affected by the same.

The trial was carried out in a tomato field beginning from the second week of September 2022 in the Turkapally region of Telangana. There were two treatments. Treatment 1 (T1) consisted of one TUTA (250mg with 0.5% ai) tablet fixed in center of yellow sticky traps. Treatment 2 (T2) consisted of one TUTA (250mg with 0.5% ai) tablet fixed in center of yellow sticky traps. The sticky traps were installed at slight above the crop canopy level and treatments were replicated thrice. The traps were observed every three days for TUTA Absoluta catches which were carried out at regular intervals up to 90 days. This study concludes that the tablet-based lures are capable of releasing TUTA pheromone for attraction of insect. Similar experiment was conducted with (250mg with 1% ai) and found double amount of insect catches compare to (250mg with 1% ai).

Results obtained from experimentation related to present invention are presented as figures.

Figure 1 illustrates the field efficacy of solid tablet ME dispenser in guava field submerged in water and arial exposure and found that solid tablet dispenser is releasing ME in both dry and water environment due to presence of good insect catches, however release duration under water is shorter in comparison to arial exposure. Like figure 1; Figure 2: illustrates the field efficacy data of solid tablet CL dispenser in scarlet gourd field when solid tablet submerged in water and arial exposure and found that solid tablet dispenser releasing CL in both dry and water environment due to presence of good insect catches, however release duration under water is shorter in comparison to arial exposure.

Figure 3 illustrates Comparative release profile of solid tablet semiochemical dispenser with different semiochemical or SCLP on open field exposure. DBM, PBW, TUTA, BFSB, FAW, LOBESIA, and CARBOMOTH based solid tablet dispenser were found to provide sustained release up to 120 days with average release rate of 0.02 to 0.2 mg per day.

Figure 4 illustrates Effect of control release agent on solid tablet verbenone dispenser release profile on open field exposure. This figure clearly indicates the effect of oil mixture as release controlling agent on verbenone semiochemical. Without oil mixture in solid tablet verbenone dispenser, release duration in hardly up to 20 days but addition of this release controlling agent increase release duration of verbenone up to 120 days.

Figure 5 illustrates the effect of control release agent composition on solid tablet RPW dispenser release profile on field exposure. It shows that change in oil mixture concentration and ratio increases the release duration of solid tablet RPW dispenser by decreasing average release rates. RPW F7 represents a solid tablet RPW dispenser without oil mixture and hardly able to sustain up to 28 days and showed highest average release rate, whereas RPW F5 represents the optimum quantity of oil mixture concentration and able to release active up to 120 days with moderate release rate. Use of Synthetic oil compared to vegetable oils alone as release controlling agent is found to drastically increase release duration by minimizing average release rate RPW F1.

However, presence of vegetable oil alone in formulation, increasing the release duration up to 60 days with slight reduction in average release rate. The use of oil mixture in suitable concentration and composition can control active release from 20.5mg/day to 4.6mg/day in solid semiochemical dispenser and the oil mixture is acting as release controlling agent.

Figure 6 illustrates the effect of holes on blister pack of solid tablet DBM Dispenser. It is found that the number of holes on blister packs increases number of catches significantly when applied in a delta trap may be due to increased number of holes release more semiochemical. Consequently, blister pack provides efficient protection of solid semiochemical DBM dispenser. In all blister packed tablets applied in delta trap including blank delta trap, slight initial catches less than base line of 45 is due combined effect of spilled semiochemical/s at the pack surface and color of delta trap. Spillage of semiochemical is lower in lower weight tablet and higher in high weight tablet.

Figure 7 illustrates the effect of solid tablet TUTA dispenser on the attraction of insects. All tablets with variable weight showed significant attraction of insect with respect to blank sticky trap.

Figure 8 illustrates solid tablet dispensers with single tablet , two tablet and Multi tablets blister pack which were used for our field study.
, Claims:WE CLAIM:

1. A sustained release solid tablet semiochemical/s dispenser comprises,
a) an intra-granular premix consisting of semiochemical/s insect sex pheromone or allomone or kairomone, in an amount of 0.5 to 40 % w/w in combination with antioxidant and low-cost release controlling agent, adsorbed onto an adsorbent combination of mesoporous and matrix forming materials in an amount of 1 to 50% w/ w of total composition;
b) extra-granular ingredients consisting of mesoporous material, filler, and binder, in an amount of 50 to 85% w/ w of total composition.
c) intra-granular premix a) and extra granular part b) mixed and lubricated with metallic stearates up to 1% w/ w of total composition;
d) Lubricated blend compressed in the form of double convex solid tablet or polo type tablets with variable target weights;
Wherein solid semiochemical dispenser showed sustained release of Semiochemicals in an open environment for at least twelve weeks and used for insect management by either mating disruption or mass trapping-control technique. Some are capable for releasing semiochemical even when submerged in water without disintegration and showed rain fast property.

2. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, the release controlling agent selected from mixture of vegetable oil and synthetic oil in specific ratio wherein vegetable oils further selected form the group comprising soybean oil, rice bran oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, castor oil, jojoba oil, oleic acid, safflower oil, corn oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, castor oil, medium chain triglycerides, Isopropyl palmitate, and synthetic oils selected from mineral or paraffin oils, most preferably a mixture of soyabean and paraffin oil;

3. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 2, the ratio of paraffin oil to soyabean oil selected from 1:1 to 4:1 w/w for sustained and prolonged release of Semiochemicals;

4. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, straight-chained lepidopteran sex pheromones selected in the formulations according to the present invention from the group not limited to the active blend of (Z, Z)-7, 11- hexadecadien-1-yl acetate and (Z, E)-7, 11- hexadecadien-1-yl acetate; the active blend of Z 9- Tetradecenyl acetate, Z7- Dodecenyl acetate and 15 Z11- Hexadecenyl acetate; the active blend of E-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate and (E)-11-hexadecen-1-ol; the active blend of 3E,8Z,11Z-Tetradecatrienyl acetate and 3E,8Z-Tetradecadienyl acetate; the active, (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-Hexadeca trien-1-al; the active blend of Z-11-Hexadecenal, Z-11-Hexadecenyl-1-acetate and Z-11- Hexadecenol; the active blend of Z-11-Hexadecenal and Z-9-Hexadecenal; the 20 active blend of Z-11-Hexadecenal and Z-9-Hexadecenal; the active blend of (Z,E)- 9,11-Tetradecadienyl acetate and Z9,E-12-Tetradecadienyl acetate; the active blend of Cis-3-Hexenyl acetate and 2E- Hexen-1-ol; the active blend of Z-11- Hexadecenyl-1-acetate and Z-11-Hexadecenol; the active of Z-11-Hexadecenol; the active of (7Z,9E)-Dodeca-7,9,11-trien-1-yl formate (Carob moth); 11Z,13Z25 Hexadeca dienal; the active blend of 4 methyl 5 nonanol and 4 methyl 5 nonanone; the active of Ethyl-4-Methyl octanoate; the active of Methyl eugenol; the active blend of Methyl eugenol and Cuelure; the active of (E,E) -8,10-Dodecadien-1-ol; the active blend of (Z)-8-Dodecen-1-yl acetate, (E)-8-Dodecen-1-yl-acetate and (Z)-8-Dodecen-1-ol; the active, (1R)-cis-4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1]hept-3-en30 2-one; the active Thrips; the active Bloom; the active Noctovi; the blend of Z-13- Octadecynyl acetate and Z-13-Octadecenol; the blend of (E,E)-10,12- 7 hexadecadienal, (E,E)-10,12-hexadecadienol and E-10-hexadecenal; the blend of Z,E-9,12-Tetradecadien-1-yl-Acetate and Z-9 Tetradecenol; the blend of (Z)-8- Dodecen-1-yl acetate and (E)-8-Dodecen-1-yl-acetate; the active, (7E,9Z) dodeca7,9-dien-1-yl acetate and the active 4-vinyl Anisole;

5. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, the attractant semiochemical selected from the group verbenone, RPW, Methyl eugenol, Cue lure, Trimedlure, Spiroketal or other attractant semiochemical either alone or a mixture thereof.

6. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, antioxidant selected either butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) or butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) preferably butylated hydroxy toluene;

7. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, semiochemical adsorbent material selected from the group consisting of mesoporous materials with very narrow pore size preferably a mixture of mesoporous silica and carbon HBET, and used as intragranular as well as extra-granular carriers in the preparation of solid formulation;

8. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, Carbon HBET selected as UV absorbent in the present invention;

9. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, filler selected from the group dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, Lactose, Starch or mannitol preferably dicalcium phosphate.

10. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, binder selected from the group consisting of Hydroxy propyl cellulose, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, Ethyl cellulose, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone co vinyl acetate), polyvinyl pyrrolidone either alone or in combination thereof.

11. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, lubricant selected from stearic acid, metallic stearate, magnesium stearate, Zinc stearate, calcium stearate preferably magnesium stearate.

12. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, the solid formulations are compressed in the form of double convex tablets, mini tablets, and Polo type tablets using tableting machine;

13. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, solid dispenser can be optionally film coated with available ready mix water dispersible coating system comprises water soluble polymers not limited to Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydrophobically modified alkali swellable acrylates.

14. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controlled release of embedded pheromones or Semiochemicals can be modulated from 30 days and 365 days.

15. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, some attractant verbenone, RPW, Methyl eugenol, Cue Lure, Spiroketal and RHY showed good active release even when submerged in water;

16. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, can be placed in McPhail traps or any sticky traps, water traps, and bucket traps for mass trapping or monitoring purposes;

17. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, in combination of conventional chemical insecticides can be placed in McPhail traps or any sticky traps, water traps, bucket traps for mass trapping control purposes;

18. The general method of preparation for the solid tablet semiochemical dispenser comprises following steps,
a) Pheromone or semiochemical in an amount 0.5 to 40% w/w of the total composition was dissolved in highly volatile organic solvent dichloromethane along with antioxidant in an amount 0.05 to 1% w/w of total composition, oil mixture 5 to 15% w/w of total composition (7:3 w/w of paraffin: soyabean oil);
b) an intragranular premix prepared by adsorbing Semiochemicals solution as prepared in step a) onto mixture of mesoporous materials and carbon glucosphere adsorbent present in an amount 1 to 30 % w/w of total composition. Organic solvent was evaporated during drying up to 500C.
c) The premix was then sieved through # 30 to 50 mesh and blended with extra granular mesoporous material in an amount 20 to 30% w/w of total composition, binder 1 to 5% of total composition and Dibasic Calcium phosphate dihydrate (DCP) in an amount 10 to 65%w/w of total composition.
d) The blend thus obtained was lubricated with magnesium stearate in an amount up to 1% w/w of the total composition and then compacted to form a biconvex circular tablet/mini tablet using suitable tablet punching machine equipped with circular tablet die with variable target weight of 250 to 2000mg per tablet.

19. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, wherein specifically verbenone semiochemical sustained at least up to 120 days duration despite comparatively very high volatility.

20. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiochemical composition formulated as a tablet can be stored in the form of blister pack units Alu-Alu blister and applied directly into agricultural field punctured with pin before application.

21. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises active in the range of 5mg to 600mg active per unit and exhibits an average release rate as low as 0.02 mg per day to 5 mg per day.

22. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid tablet semiochemical/s dispenser exhibits average release rate from 0.02mg per day to 0.2mg per day for straight chain lepidopteran pheromones, and 5 mg per day for others attractive semiochemical/s.

23. The solid semiochemical dispenser as claimed in claim 1, the tablet can be fixed onto cloth or paper or the plant surface using an adhesive.