Description:DESCRIPTION:
Field of the invention:
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of production of bio-fuel, and in specific relates to a method of producing bio-fuel liquid from a biomass and a petroleum by-product using a microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis system.
Background of the invention:
[0002] Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are examples of carbon-based fossil fuels that are limited and not renewable. The availability of fossil fuels will run out soon at the current rate of consumption. Burning fossil fuels has increased the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, which is believed to have caused global climate change.

[0003] Biofuels are viable alternatives to fossil fuels for several reasons. Biofuels are typically renewable energy sources produced from biomass, for example, agricultural waste includes rice straw. The biofuels can aid in abating the rise in CO2. A vast amount of biomass from agro-residual and plastic wastes produced can serve as useful resources. Rice straw (RS) is one among these crop residues which is abundantly accessible and cheaply every year in an agriculturally dependent nation like India, where rice being an important food grain crop cultivated in about 43.95 million hectares with the total production of about 106.54 million tonnes and approximately 160 million tonnes of straw annually in a ratio of 1:1.5 for grain to straw. At the moment, a sizeable percentage of this copious residue is used for domestic cooking, manure, fodder, thatching of rural houses, mushroom cultivation etc. and 40 to 60 percent of the gross residue generated still has an excess. The custom of burning rice straw on farms after harvesting of crop is now predominating widely across the nation as it is one of the simplest and most affordable options to get rid of it and making the land quickly ready for the following crop. Therefore, there is a need to explore and choose the reasonable options for the efficient use of the rice straw in regaining chemical and energetic values out of it.

[0004] Additionally, outputs of refined crude oil are utilized to produce by-products, for example, paraffin wax. The paraffin wax is derived from petroleum, coal or oil shale having a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between 20 and 40 atoms. Paraffin wax is a solid at room temperature and begins to melt above the temperature of 37 degrees and boiling point of 370 degrees. Paraffin is distinct from kerosene and other petroleum products. Paraffin is used identically with alkaline, indicating hydrocarbons. The presence of solid paraffin in diesel fuel can lead to reduced flow or blockage in filters and components of the combustion engine.

[0005] Generally, increased awareness of the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels and commitments to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases have significantly increased the demand for greener energy resources. Due to greater dependence on technology, both in a personal and commercial capacity and expanding global population. Traditional fossil fuel resources through catalytic reforming in a petroleum refinery. The processing of non-renewable petroleum has caused severe carbon emissions.

[0006] Biofuels are considered a promising alternative to more environmentally friendly fossil fuels (in particular diesel, naphtha, gasoline and jet fuels). Currently, such materials are replaced in part only by blends with fuels of biological origin. Because of the costs associated with the formation of some biofuels, it has not been commercially viable to manufacture fuels that are entirely derived from biomass materials. Even in the case of a combination of bio-derived fuels and fossil fuels the difficulty of blending some bio-derived fuels can result in extended processing times and higher costs. Fossil fuels are formed with a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds.

[0007] In existing technology, a pyrolysis oil composition obtained by an oxygen starved microwave process from the feedstock is described. Feedstock is introduced into a substantially microwave-transparent reaction chamber. A microwave source emits microwaves, which are directed through the microwave-transparent wall of the reaction chamber. The feedstock is subjected to microwaves until the desired reaction occurs to produce fuel. A catalyst is mixed with the feedstock to enhance the reaction process. However, the existing technology uses the feedstock, which comprises animal manure to prepare the fuel. Moreover, existing technology prepares the fuel with a low calorific value due to the high content of oxygen.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need for a method of producing bio-fuel liquid from a biomass, for example, rice straw and a petroleum by-product, for example, paraffin wax using a microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis system. There is a need for a microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that co-pyrolysis the rice straw and the paraffin wax without using the catalyst. Further, there is also a need for a microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that utilises the obtained product and blends it with fuel like diesel to produce bio-diesel, which serves as an alternate biofuel.
Objectives of the invention:
[0009] The primary objective of the invention is to a method of producing bio-fuel liquid from a biomass, for example, rice straw and a petroleum by-product, for example, paraffin wax using a microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis system.

[0010] Another objective of the invention is to a microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that blend the bio-fuel to produce to serves as alternate fuel.

[0011] The other objective of the invention is to a microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that eliminates burning of a rice straw in atmosphere for pollutant.

[0012] The other objective of the invention is to a microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that reduces pollution relief for greenhouse gas and emission of small particles from burning bio-mass.

[0013] Yet another objective of the invention is to a microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that upgrading and recycling the all types of hydrocarbon compounds.

[0014] Further objective of the invention is to a microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that provide high heating efficiency, homogenous heating, ability to handle large feed stock and high oil yield.

Summary of the invention:
[0015] The present disclosure proposes a method of producing bio-fuel liquid using microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis. The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the claimed subject matter. This summary is not an extensive overview. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of the claimed subject matter. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0016] In order to overcome the above deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure is to solve the technical problem to provide a method of producing bio-fuel liquid from a biomass and a petroleum by-product using a microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis system.

[0017] According to an aspect, the invention provides a method of producing bio-fuel liquid from a biomass, for example, rice straw and a petroleum by-product, for example, paraffin wax using a microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis system. The microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis possess provides higher efficiency, lower energy consumption and time-saving. At one step, the biomass and the petroleum by-product are mixed to obtain a feedstock mixture. The biomass could be rice straw and the petroleum by-product could be paraffin wax. At another step, the feedstock mixture is grinded into fine particles.

[0018] At another step, the fine particles are transmitted to a pyrolysis reactor, which produces microwave energy within a microwave reaction chamber. At another step, the fine particles are exposed or subjected to high-frequency waves of the pyrolysis reactor at 450 W, which causes the fine particles transform into vaporised volatiles and a sludge, where the vaporised volatiles being separated and transferred to a collection tank.

[0019] Further, at another step, the vaporized volatiles are delivered to a condenser from the collection tank. The condenser is configured to convert the vaporized volatiles into pyrolysis oil, which is subsequently transferred to a distillation chamber. The microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis system comprises a thermocouple connector, which is configured to maintain the constant temperature of the vaporised volatiles in the pyrolysis reactor.

[0020] In one embodiment herein, the microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis could be operated, but not limited to, at 450 W to provide high rates of the pyrolysis oil, wherein the pyrolysis oil serves as an alternate fuel. The microwave reaction chamber comprises a magnetron, which is configured to generate the microwave energy to radiate the feedstock into the vaporised volatiles and the sludge.

[0021] The pyrolysis reactor comprises a microwave absorbent bed that converts electrically generated microwaves into thermal energy inside the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis reactor having a potassium hydroxide catalyst coating to absorb irradiation of microwave energy. The sludge is obtained by radiating the feedstock, which is beneficial energy product, includes a bio-char, a bio-oil and a bio-gas. The pyrolysis reactor is transmits the vaporised volatiles to the collection chamber through a plurality of tubes.

[0022] Further, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a study of the following portion of the specification, the claims, and the attached drawings.
Detailed description of drawings:
[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention, and, together with the description, explain the principles of the invention.

[0024] FIG. 1 illustrates a flowchart for producing a bio-fuel using a microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis system, in accordance of the invention.
Detailed invention disclosure:
[0025] Various embodiments of the present invention will be described in reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, same or similar reference numerals are used in the drawings and the description to refer to the same or like parts or steps.

[0026] The present disclosure has been made with a view towards solving the problem with the prior art described above, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of producing bio-fuel liquid from a biomass and a petroleum by-product using a microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis system.

[0027] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, rice straw is a crop remnant that is abundantly and inexpensively accessible every year in a nation that is heavily dependent on agriculture. The annual production ratio of rice from rice straw is 1:1.5 for grain. A substantial portion of household cooking, fodder, thatching of rural homes and mushroom culture are converted using the rice straw. One of the cheapest and easiest ways to get rid of rice straw and swiftly prepare the ground for new planting is to manually burn it on fields after harvest. Therefore, in order to effectively use and restore its chemical and energy characteristics, it is necessary to investigate and select suitable choices.

[0028] In one exemplary embodiment herein, the crude oil is used to produce chemical products such as plastics, paints, detergents, fertilizers and even medicines. The quantity of conventional oil resources that are accessible has decreased due to global energy demand. Therefore, the crude oil refining process, which is used to be disposed of in the sea or buried and also produces huge reserves of heavy oil because they are upgradeable and transformed into beneficial chemical feedstock as supplements to crude oil’s refined products. Additionally, a huge volume of plastic waste is produced every day, while less than 10% is recycled. It is essential to upgrading and recycling all types of heavy hydrocarbon waste. It is a productive method for upgrading and recycling heavy hydrocarbon waste such as heavy oil, plastics and waxes. Petroleum wax made from crude oil is also known as paraffin wax, which is composed of several hydrocarbon compounds containing between 20 and 40 atoms.

[0029] The proper disposal of water, which is primarily connected to the cost and available space of incineration, which is thermal treatment, i.e., generally employed in thermal waste treatment makes effective water disposal essential. Pyrolysis is postulated in order to reduce the volume and produce valuable products. Biofuel is treated using the pyrolysis method. By-products of biomass pyrolysis provide realistic solutions for reducing emissions of fine particles from burning biomass as well as alternatives for reducing greenhouse gas pollution. These solutions include heat and power. In the absence of oxygen, biomass feedstock is thermally converted via biomass pyrolysis into bio-oil, bio-char, and syngas. In this process, the substance deteriorates thermally by cracking the chemical bonds in an inert environment. Generally, the end product of the pyrolysis process is energy recovery products, which have high energy efficiency and produce few atmospheric emissions.

[0030] The concept of co-pyrolysis of biomass with hydrocarbon waste to mutually produce oil has a high success rate. Due to the high oxygen concentration in the biomass, the oil produced via pyrolysis has a lower calorific value. Co-pyrolysis is a method that can be employed in order to add hydrocarbon rich waste from paraffin wax. The result of co-pyrolysis, which increases the yield of hydrocarbons.

[0031] The yield of hydrocarbons is increased by the Diels-Alder reaction between furans produced from biomass and hydrocarbons generated from wax. Microwaves can be used to provide co-pyrolysis with the energy needed. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) has recently attracted a lot of attention because of its high heating rates, homogeneous heating, ability to handle large-scale feedstock and short processing duration. In addition, microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis (MACPP) is the superior option to obtain upgraded products.

[0032] In one example embodiment herein, the microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis system comprises a hopper, an input tube, a microwave system, a discharge tube, a thermocouple connector, a reservoir, a condenser, a U-shaped manometer and a distillation tank. Where a user inputs the feedstock i.e., rice straw and paraffin wax into the hopper. The feedstock are shred in the hopper and transferred to a microwave system as fine particles. The fine particles are exposed to radiation waves from the microwave system, which causes the fine particles to become vaporised volatiles. The vaporised volatiles are presented in the microwave system due to the uniform increase in temperature from 410 to 500°C. The vaporised volatiles have been vaporised by the microwave system are transmitted to a condenser. The condenser is configured to chill the vaporised volatiles at a high temperature and convert them into pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil is subsequently transferred to a distillation chamber to extract the dust particles in the pyrolysis oil. The acquired pyrolysis oil serves as an alternate fuel.

[0033] According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, FIG. 1 refers to a flowchart 100 of a method for producing bio-fuel liquid from a biomass, for example, rice straw and a petroleum by-product, for example, paraffin wax using a microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis process. The microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis possess provides higher efficiency, lower energy consumption and time-saving. At step 102, the biomass and the petroleum by-product are mixed to obtain a feedstock mixture, which is grinding into fine particles. The biomass could be rice straw and the petroleum by-product could be paraffin wax.

[0034] At step 104, the fine particles are transmitted to a pyrolysis reactor, which produces microwave energy within a microwave reaction chamber. At step 106, the fine particles are exposed or subjected to high-frequency waves of the pyrolysis reactor at 450 W, which causes the fine particles transform into vaporised volatiles and a sludge, where the vaporised volatiles being separated and transferred to a collection tank.

[0035] Further, at step 108, the vaporized volatiles are delivered to a condenser from the collection tank. The condenser is configured to convert the vaporized volatiles into pyrolysis oil, which is subsequently transferred to a distillation chamber. The microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis system comprises a thermocouple connector, which is configured to maintain the constant temperature of the vaporised volatiles in the pyrolysis reactor.

[0036] This particular combination of treating rice straw and paraffin wax together has the unique benefit of converting agricultural waste into useful product i.e., bio-fuel. Also this product can further be blended with fuel like diesel and produce bio-diesel which serves as alternate fuel. In addition, the product can be used in transportation vehicles, cooking, paint removal and adhesives, lubrication and also in energy generators.

[0037] In one embodiment herein, the microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis could be operated, but not limited to, at 450 W to provide high rates of the pyrolysis oil, wherein the pyrolysis oil serves as an alternate fuel. The microwave reaction chamber comprises a magnetron, which is configured to generate the microwave energy to radiate the feedstock into the vaporised volatiles and the sludge.

[0038] The pyrolysis reactor comprises a microwave absorbent bed that converts electrically generated microwaves into thermal energy inside the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis reactor having a potassium hydroxide catalyst coating to absorb irradiation of microwave energy. The sludge is obtained by radiating the feedstock, which is beneficial energy product, includes a bio-char, a bio-oil and a bio-gas. The pyrolysis reactor is transmits the vaporised volatiles to the collection chamber through a plurality of tubes.

[0039] Numerous advantages of the present disclosure may be apparent from the discussion above. In accordance with the present disclosure, the microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that convert the bio-waste into bio-fuel as renewable energy. The proposed microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that blend the bio-fuel to produce to serves as alternate fuel. The proposed microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that reduces pollution relief for greenhouse gas and emission of small particles from burning bio-mass.

[0040] The proposed microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that upgrading and recycling the all types of hydrocarbon compounds. The proposed microwave assisted co-pyrolysis method that provide high heating efficiency, homogenous heating, ability to handle large feed stock and high oil yield.

[0041] It will readily be apparent that numerous modifications and alterations can be made to the processes described in the foregoing examples without departing from the principles underlying the invention, and all such modifications and alterations are intended to be embraced by this application.
, Claims:CLAIMS:
I / We Claim:
1. A method for producing bio-fuel using a microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis process, comprising:
mixing a biomass and a petroleum by-product to obtaining a feedstock mixture and grinding into fine particles;
transmitting, the fine particles into a pyrolysis reactor, which produces microwave energy within a microwave reaction chamber;
exposing or subjecting the fine particles to high-frequency waves of the pyrolysis reactor, which causes the fine particles transform into vaporised volatiles and a sludge; and
delivering the vaporized volatiles to a condenser from the collection tank to convert the vaporized volatiles into pyrolysis oil, which is subsequently transferred to a distillation chamber.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass comprises rice straw and the petroleum by-product is a paraffin wax.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis is operated at 450 W to provide high rates of the pyrolysis oil, wherein the pyrolysis oil serves as an alternate fuel.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave reaction chamber comprises a magnetron, which is configured to generate the microwave energy to radiate the feedstock mixture into the vaporised volatiles and the sludge.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reactor comprises a microwave absorbent bed that converts electrically generated microwaves into thermal energy inside the pyrolysis reactor , wherein the pyrolysis reactor having a potassium hydroxide catalyst coating to absorb irradiation of microwave energy.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sludge is obtained by radiating the feedstock, wherein the sludge is beneficial energy product includes a bio-char, a bio-oil and a bio-gas.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis reactor transmits the vaporised volatiles to the collection chamber through a plurality of tubes.