DESC:FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a pesticidal formulation and a process for its preparation. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to a pesticidal formulation against pests of family Aleyrodidae.
BACKGROUND
The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art.
Aleyrodidae is a family of tiny insects having a body length of 1mm to 3 mm. The insects are mainly called as whiteflies. The whiteflies typically get nourishment from the undersides of plant leaves. Currently, the infected plants are treated with the chemicals such as imidacloprid, carbaryl, pyrethroids and the like. However, the chemicals have to be used in high amount to get rid of these pests and further, the chemicals are phytotoxic. The high amount of chemicals also affects pigment synthesis, promotes oxidative stress and disrupts antioxidant enzyme of plants.
There is, therefore, felt a need to develop a pesticidal formulation that mitigates the drawbacks mentioned herein above or at least provides a useful alternative.
OBJECTS
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative.
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a pesticidal formulation.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a pesticidal formulation which comprises a bacterial concentrated extract.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a pesticidal formulation which comprises a combination of B.velezensis extract and P.megaterium extract.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a pesticidal formulation which has a pesticidal activity against white flies.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a pesticidal formulation that is non-phytotoxic.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a pesticidal formulation that exhibits 100% solubility in a fluid medium.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for the preparation of a pesticidal formulation.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for the preparation of a pesticidal formulation which is simple, economic and environment friendly.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to a pesticidal formulation comprising a predetermined amount of at least one bacterial concentrated extract, a predetermined amount of additives and a predetermined amount of a fluid medium.
The predetermined amount of the bacterial concentrated extract is in the range of 80 mass% to 95 mass%, the predetermined amount of the additives is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass% and the predetermined amount of the fluid medium is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass%, wherein the mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
The bacterial concentrated extract is obtained from at least one bacterial species selected from the group consisting of Bacillus species extract and Priestia species extract.
The Bacillus species is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus aryabhattai and the Priestia species is Priestia megaterium.
The bacterial concentrated extract is a combination of Bacillus velezensis extract and Priestia megaterium extract.
The additives are selected from a surfactant, an enhancer, a thickener, a stabilizing agent and a preservative.
The fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and butanol.
The surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants, the enhancer is selected from ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride, the thickener is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum and carboxy methyl cellulose, the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, soya oil, paraffin oil and petroleum oil, and the preservative is selected from the group consisting of sodium metabisulphite, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate and sodium benzoate.
The anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, sodium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, a-olefin sulfonate, and ammonium laureth sulfate, the non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitan monooleate and polysorbate 80, the cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzododecinium bromide ethyl lauroyl arginate, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride and dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane, and the zwitterionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, sulfobetaines, and amine oxides.
The surfactant is present in an amount in the range of 20 mass% to 35 mass%, the enhancer is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 mass% to 2 mass%, the thickener is present in an amount in the range of 1 mass% to 4 mass%, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount in the range of 50 mass% to 65 mass% and the preservative is present in an amount in the range of 10 mass% to 15 mass%, wherein the mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of the additives.
The pesticidal formulation is in the form a liquid and a dose of the pesticidal formulation is in the range of 1 ml/L to 10 ml/L.
Further, the present disclosure relates to a process for the preparation of a pesticidal formulation. The process comprises mixing predetermined amounts of at least one bacterial extract and additives into a predetermined amount of a fluid medium under stirring at a temperature in the range of 25 ºC to 35 ºC for a time period in the range of 15 minutes to 60 minutes to obtain the pesticidal formulation.
The predetermined amount of the bacterial concentrated extract is in the range of 80 mass% to 95 mass%, the predetermined amount of the additives is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass% and the predetermined amount of the fluid medium is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass%, wherein the mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
The fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and butanol.
The additives are selected from a surfactant, an enhancer, a thickener, a stabilizing agent and a preservative.
The surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants, the enhancer is selected from ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride, the thickener is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum and carboxy methyl cellulose, the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, soya oil, paraffin oil and petroleum oil, and the preservative is selected from the group consisting of sodium metabisulphite, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate and sodium benzoate.
The anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, sodium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, a-olefin sulfonate, and ammonium laureth sulfate, the non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitan monooleate and polysorbate 80, the cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzododecinium bromide ethyl lauroyl arginate, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammoniumchloride and dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane, and the zwitterionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, sulfobetaines, and amine oxides.
The surfactant is present in an amount in the range of 20 mass% to 35 mass%, the enhancer is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 mass% to 2 mass%, the thickener is present in an amount in the range of 1 mass% to 4 mass%, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount in the range of 50 mass% to 65 mass% and the preservative is present in an amount in the range of 10 mass% to 15 mass%, wherein the mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of the additives.
The pesticidal formulation is used against pests of family Aleyrodidae.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING
The present disclosure will now be described with the help of the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates graphical representation for percent population reduction of white flies with the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure;
Figure 2 illustrates leaves images of (A-B) before treatment with the pesticidal formulation, (C) image of the solution of the pesticidal formulation, and (D-E) after treatment with the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure;
Figure 3 illustrates graphical representation for percent population reduction of white flies with the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure as compared to positive control;
Figure 4 illustrates graphical representation for percent population reduction of white flies with the pesticidal formulation having doses 3ml/L and 5 ml/L;
Figure 5 (A) illustrates image of white flies infested plant leaves after treatment with the commercially available pesticidal formulation and (B-D) illustrate images of white flies infested plant leaves after treatment with a pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure; and
Figure 6 illustrates images of bottles containing pesticidal formulations in accordance with the present disclosure, which are tested for the stability.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure relates to a pesticidal formulation for white flies and a process for its preparation. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to a pesticidal formulation against pests of family Aleyrodidae.
Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms "a,” "an," and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," “including,” and “having,” are open ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, units and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The particular order of steps disclosed in the method and process of the present disclosure is not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance as described or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.
The terms first, second, third, etc., should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure.
Aleyrodidae is a family of tiny insects having a body length of 1mm to mm. The insects are mainly called as whiteflies. The whiteflies typically get nourishment from the undersides of plant leaves. Currently, the infected plants are treated with the chemicals such as imidacloprid, carbaryl, pyrethroids and the like. However, the chemicals have to be used in high amount to get rid of these pests and further, the chemicals are phytotoxic. The high amount of chemicals also affects pigment synthesis, promote oxidative stress and disrupt antioxidant enzyme of plants.
The present disclosure provides a pesticidal formulation and a process for its preparation.
In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a pesticidal formulation.
In accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure, the pesticidal formulation for white flies comprises a predetermined amount of at least one bacterial concentrated extract, a predetermined amount of additives and a predetermined amount of a fluid medium.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of the bacterial concentrated extract is in the range of 80 mass% to 95 mass%, the predetermined amount of the additives is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass% and the predetermined amount of the fluid medium is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass%, wherein the mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 88.80 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation, the additives are present in an amount of 8.73 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation and the fluid medium is present in an amount of 2.46 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 88.77 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation, the additives are present in an amount of 9.24 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation and the fluid medium is present in an amount of 1.97 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 89.52 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation, the additives are present in an amount of 6.98 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation and the fluid medium is present in an amount of 3.48 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 89.39 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation, the additives are present in an amount of 7.87 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation and the fluid medium is present in an amount of 2.73 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 88.91 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation, the additives are present in an amount of 8.86 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation and the fluid medium is present in an amount of 2.22 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is obtained from at least one bacterial species selected from the group consisting of Bacillus species and Priestia species.
The Bacillus species is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus aryabhattai and the Priestia species is Priestia megaterium.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is a combination of Bacillus velezensis extract and Priestia megaterium extract.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount in the range of 80 mass% to 95 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 88.80 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 88.77 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 89.52 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 89.39 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 88.91 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In accordance with the present disclosure, a mass ratio of Bacillus velezensis extract to Priestia megaterium extract is 1:1.
The bacterial concentrated extract is an active ingredient of the pesticidal formulation.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is obtained by culturing bacteria using suitable culture media. Further, the cultured bacterial cells present in broth are lysed by using a fluid medium to obtain a mixture comprising lysed bacterial cells and the bacterial metabolites. The mixture is concentrated to obtain the bacterial concentrated extract.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the additives are selected from a surfactant, an enhancer, a thickener, a stabilizing agent and a preservative.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the additives are present in an amount in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the additives are present in an amount of 8.73 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the additives are present in an amount of 9.24 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the additives are present in an amount of 6.98 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the additives are present in an amount of 7.87 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the additives are present in an amount of 8.86 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants.
The anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, sodium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, a-olefin sulfonate, and ammonium laureth sulfate;
The non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and polysorbate 80 (tween 80).
The cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzododecinium bromide ethyl lauroyl arginate, dimethyldioctadecylammoniumchloride, dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane.
The zwitterionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, sulfobetaines, and amine oxides.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is non-ionic surfactant, Tween 80.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount in the range of 20 mass% to 35 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 28.24 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 32 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 21.35 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 28.39 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 30.64 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
The surfactants act as adjuvants in the pesticidal formulation which effectively enhances the biological efficacy by promoting penetration and spread.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is selected from ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is ammonium sulphate.
The enhancer is performance enhancer which enhances the efficacy of the final product.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 mass% to 2 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 1.12 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 0.8 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 1.06 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 1.57 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 1.39 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC). In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is xanthan gum.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount in the range of 1 mass% to 4 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 2.82 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 3.2 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 2.84 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 2.52 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 2.78 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, soya oil, paraffin oil and petroleum oil.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is a combination of soya oil and paraffin oil.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount in the range of 50 mass% to 65 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 56.49 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 58.66 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 64.05 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 56.78 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 55.71 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
The vegetable oil imparts stability and cohesion to the pesticidal formulation.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is selected from the group consisting of sodium metabisulphite, sodium sulphate, sodium nitrate and sodium benzoate. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is sodium metabisulphite.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount in the range of 10 mass% to 15 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 11.29 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 5.33 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 10.67 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 10.72 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 9.47 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
The preservatives are incorporated to ensure the longevity and integrity of the pesticidal formulation.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, DMSO, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and butanol. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is ethyl acetate.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 2.46 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 1.97 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 3.48 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 2.73 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 2.22 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation.
The additives of the pesticidal formulation provide enhanced product efficacy.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the pesticidal formulation exhibits 100% solubility in water with remarkable ratio of 1 ml in 100 ml (1: 100 solubility).
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the pesticidal formulation is in the form a liquid.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a dose of the pesticidal formulation is in the range of 1 ml/L to 10 ml/L. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the dose of the pesticidal formulation is 1 ml/L. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the dose of the pesticidal formulation is 2 ml/L. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the dose of the pesticidal formulation is 3 ml/L. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the dose of the pesticidal formulation is 4 ml/L. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the dose of the pesticidal formulation is 5 ml/L.
The pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure can be used against pests of family Aleyrodidae, particularly, for white flies.
In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a process for the preparation of a pesticidal formulation.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the process for the preparation of the pesticidal formulation comprises mixing predetermined amounts of at least one bacterial concentrated extract and additives into a predetermined amount of a fluid medium under stirring for a time period in the range of 15 minutes to 60 minutes at a temperature in the range of 25 ºC to 35 ºC to obtain the pesticidal formulation.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the predetermined amount of the bacterial concentrated extract is in the range of 80 mass% to 95 mass%, the predetermined amount of the additives is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass% and the predetermined amount of the fluid medium is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass%, wherein the mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is at least one selected from the group consisting of Bacillus species and Priestia species.
The Bacillus species is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus aryabhattai and the Priestia species is Priestia megaterium.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is a combination of Bacillus velezensis and Priestia megaterium.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount in the range of 80 mass% to 95 mass%. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 88.80 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. (34g ai/L of each bacterial extract = 68g active ingredient/L). In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 88.77 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 89.52 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 89.39 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the bacterial concentrated extract is present in an amount of 88.91 mass% with respect to the total mass of the formulation.
In accordance with the present disclosure, a mass ratio of Bacillus velezensis extract to Priestia megaterium extract is 1:1.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the additives are selected from a surfactant, an enhancer, a thickener, a stabilizing agent and a preservative.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants.
The anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, sodium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, a-olefin sulfonate, and ammonium laureth sulfate.
The non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and polysorbate 80 (tween 80).
The cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzododecinium bromide ethyl lauroyl arginate, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammoniumchloride and dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane.
The zwitterionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, sulfobetaines, and amine oxides.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), which is a non-ionic surfactant.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount in the range of 20 mass% to 35 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 28.24 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 32 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 21.35 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 28.39 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the surfactant is present in an amount of 30.64 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is ammonium sulphate.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 mass% to 2 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 1.12 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 0.8 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 1.06 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 1.57 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the enhancer is present in an amount of 1.39 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC). In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is xanthan gum.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount in the range of 1 mass% to 4 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 2.82 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 3.2 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 2.84 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 2.52 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the thickener is present in an amount of 2.78 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, soya oil, paraffin oil and petroleum oil. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is a combination of soya oil and paraffin oil.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount in the range of 50 mass% to 65 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 56.49 mass% (28.245 mass% of soya oil and 28.245 mass% of paraffin oil) with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 58.66 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 64.05 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 56.78 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the stabilizing agent is present in an amount of 55.71 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is selected from the group consisting of sodium metabisulphite, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate and sodium benzoate. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is sodium metabisulphite.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount in the range of 10 mass% to 15 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 11.29 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 5.33 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 10.67 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 10.72 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the preservative is present in an amount of 9.47 mass% with respect to the total mass of the additives.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, ethanol, chloroform and butanol. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is ethyl acetate.
The fluid medium helps in solubilizing the bacterial concentrated extract.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 2.46 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 1.97 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 3.48 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 2.73 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the fluid medium is present in an amount of 2.22 mass% with respect to the total mass of the pesticidal formulation.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the time period is in the range of 15 minutes to 60 minutes. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the time period is 30 minutes.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature is in the range of 25 ºC to 35 ºC. In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the temperature is 30 ºC.
The process for the preparation of the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure is simple, economic and is convenient for industrial scale-up.
The pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure is prepared in the form of a spray by diluting the pesticidal formulation with water.
The pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure can be used against the pests of family Aleyrodidae.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment but are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure is further described in light of the following experiments which are set forth for illustration purposes only and not to be construed for limiting the scope of the disclosure. The following experiments can be scaled up to industrial/commercial scale and the results obtained can be extrapolated to industrial scale.
EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS:
Experiment 1: Process for the preparation of the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure
General procedure: Predetermined amounts of at least one bacterial concentrated extract and predetermined amounts of additives (a surfactant, an enhancer, a thickener, a stabilizing agent and a preservative) were mixed in a predetermined amount of a fluid medium under stirring at 30 ºC for a time period of 30 minutes to obtain the pesticidal formulation.
The pesticidal formulations were prepared in Examples E1 to E5 by following the general procedure as mentioned above. The amounts of the specific ingredients of the pesticidal formulations are as given in Table 1.
Table 1: Predetermined amounts of the ingredients used in examples E1-E5
Ingredients and their function E1 E2 E3 E4 E5
Sr. no. Ingredient Function
1. Bacillus velezensis Bacterial concentrated extract 450 L (68g ai*/L) 450 L (68g ai*/L) 450 L (68g ai*/L) 450 L (68g ai*/L) 450 L (68g ai*/L)
Priestia megaterium Bacterial concentrated extract 450 L (68g ai/L) 450 L (68g ai/L) 450 L (68g ai/L) 450 L (68g ai/L) 450 L (68g ai/L)
2. Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80)/sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) Surfactant 25 L 30 L 15L 22.5L 27.5
3. Ammonium sulphate Enhancer 1 Kg 0.75 kg 0.75 kg 1.25 kg 1.25 kg
4. Xanthan gum Thickener 2.5 kg 3 kg 2 kg 2 kg 2.5 kg
5. Soya oil and paraffin oil Stabilizing agent 50 L 55L 45L 45L 50L
6. Sodium metabisulphite Preservative 10 Kg 5 kg 7.5 kg 8.5kg 8.5kg
7. Ethyl acetate Fluid medium 25 L 20 L 35 L 27.5 22.5
*ai= active ingredient
For the sake of brevity, multiple number of experiments were not included in the specification. However, the other ingredients having similar functionality will give similar results for the pesticidal formulation.
(A): Optimization of the fluid medium used in the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure
Various polar and non-polar solvents were tested for the solubility of the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure. The fluid media and the amounts of the fluid media used in the tests are enlisted in Table 2 below.
Sr. No. Ingredients F-1 F-2 F-3 F-4
1. Bacterial Concentrated extract
(1:1 of Bacillus velezensis and Priestia megaterium ) 900 ml 850 ml 900 ml 900 ml
2. Polyethylene glycol 200 50 ml 50 ml 25 ml 25 ml
3. Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) 50 ml 50 ml 25 ml 25 ml
4. Glycerol --- 50 ml ---
5. DMSO --- --- 50 ml ---
6. Ethyl acetate --- --- --- 50 ml
From Table 2, it was observed that each of the fluid medium exhibited 100% solubility in water. It was observed that all the prepared formulations have 100% solubility in water particularly with a remarkable ratio of 1 ml in 100 ml water (1:00 solubility).
(B): Process for the preparation of pesticidal formulation in the form of spray in accordance with the present disclosure
Example 1: Pesticidal formulation having 1ml/Litre concentration in water (P1)
1 ml of the pesticidal formulation as prepared in Experiment 1 (E1-E5) were dissolved in 999 ml of mineral water separately under stirring at 30 oC for completely solubilizing pesticidal formulation to obtain a solution. This solution was sprayed on the infected plants.
Example 2: Pesticidal formulation having 2 ml/Litre, 3 ml/Litre, 4 ml/Litre and 5 ml/Litre concentration in water (P2 to P5)
Similar to Example 1, the solution of Pesticidal formulations of Experiment 1 (A) (E2- E5) were prepared except by the varying the amounts of pesticidal formulation and water which is given below in Table 3.
Table 3: Details of amounts of pesticidal formulations P1-P5
Sr. No. Amount of pesticidal formulation E1 (ml) Amount of water (ml) Dose/concentration of the final pesticidal formulation (ml/L)
1. 1 999 1ml/L
2. 2 998 2ml/L
3. 3 997 3ml/L
4. 4 996 4ml/L
5. 5 995 5ml/L

Evaluation of the pesticidal efficacy of the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure
For the evaluation of the pesticidal efficacy, Abbott's formula was considered. This formula serves as a quantitative tool for precisely gauging the effectiveness of product under controlled laboratory conditions.
Pesticide efficacy was calculated by following formula
Percentage of Population Reduction = 1 - [(T2 × C1) / (T1 × C2)] × 100
Where,
T1= Number of populations before treatment in the treated sample.
T2= Number of population after treatment in the treated sample.
C1= Number of populations before treatment in the control sample.
C2= Number of populations after treatment in the control sample.
(I) Evaluation of the efficacy at laboratory (plate) level:
The effect of the pesticidal formulations as prepared in Experiment 1(B) on plant leaves infected with white flies were evaluated. The white fly infected plant leaves were taken in a plate and sprayed with the pesticidal formulation as prepared in Experiment 1(B) at a specific concentration. Separately, the plant leaves infected with white flies were also sprayed with a control. The efficacy results of both (leaves sprayed with pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure and the control) were evaluated by using Abbott's formula.
The results are enlisted in Table 4 below.
Table 4: Population data of white flies at laboratory (plate) level by using the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure
Sl. No. Sample Total Population (In Number) % of Population reduction
Before treatment After treatment
1 Control (1Water) 33 26 -
2 Sample 1 (1 ml/L) 10 7 12
3 Sample 2 (2 ml/L) 25 14 29
4 Sample 3 (3 ml/L) 42 20 40
5 Sample 4 (4 ml/L) 66 23 55.8
6 Sample 5 (5 ml/L) 75 16 73
From Table 4, it was observed that as the concentration/dose of the pesticidal formulation is increased, there was reduction in the population of white flies at plate level.
Further, Figure 1 shows graphical representation of the data enlisted in Table 4. Figure 2 (A-B) depicts the infected plant leaves before treatment with the pesticidal formulation and Figure 2 (C-E) depicts the treated plant leaves with the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure, wherein Figure 2 (C) illustrates an image of the solution of the pesticidal formulation; Figure 2 (D) illustrates an image of a treated plant leaves with the pesticidal formulation having 5 ml/L concentration and Figure 2(E) illustrates the microscopic view of the treated leaf sample with reduction in white flies and nymphs.
(II) Evaluation of efficacy of the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure at a field level:
In order to study the efficacy of the pesticidal formulation on field conditions, the sample was prepared with different concentrations, including 3ml/L and 5ml/L. Additionally, water was employed as a negative control, while Acetampride (0.5 g/L) was utilized as the positive control, representing a market sample/commercial sample. These samples were then subjected to efficacy studies and the pesticide efficacy was calculated according to Abbot’s formula.
The results of the efficacy study at field level are tabulated in Table 5 below.
Table 5: Population data of white flies at field level by using the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure

Sl. No.
Sample Total Population (In Number*)
% of Population reduction
Before treatment After treatment
1 Negative Control (Water) 920 880 -
2 Croprade- solution of pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure
(5ml/L) 1080 305 71.75%
3 Positive control commercially available (Acetamiprid @ 0.5g/L) 1600 764 52.30%
* The white flies were counted by direct counting method wherein the whitefly infestation was measured by counting the insects inside a selected region.
From Table 5, it was observed that the pesticidal formulation (5 ml/L) (Croprade) of the present disclosure showed maximum % population reduction for white flies by using pesticidal formulation of present disclosure as compared to the commercially available product Acetamiprid and negative control.
Figure 3 illustrates the graphical representation of the data for the % population reduction for white flies, the commercially available product Acetamiprid and the negative control.
(III) Evaluation of the efficacy of the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure at field level in replicates:
Efficacy studies of the pesticidal formulations having 3 ml/L and 5 ml/L concentrations were carried out at field level. The experiments were performed in replicates. The quantity of the pesticidal formulation sprayed was 2.5 liters per hectare.
The results of the study are shown in Table 6 below.
Table 6: Population data of white fly at field level by using the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure
Sl. No. Sample Total Population
(Replicate 1) Total Population
(Replicate 2) Total Population
(Replicate 3)
Average of
the replicates
Percentage of Population reduction (Average)
B.T. A.T. B.T. A.T. B.T. A.T. B.T. A.T.
1 Control
(Water) 290 283 323 301 274 257 295.66 280.33 -
2 Sample 1
Croprade- solution of pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure
(3ml/L) 123 55 389 127 1259 502 590.33 228.00 60.01 %
3 Sample 2
Croprade- solution of pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure
(5ml/L) 309 94 1456 261 1107 224 957.33 193.00 78.8 %
*B.T. before Treatment and A.T. After Treatment
From Table 6, it was observed that the pesticidal formulation with 5 ml/L concentration showed the maximum % population reduction (average) than the pesticidal formulation having 3 ml/L concentration, indicating that pesticidal formulation with 5 ml/L concentration is the best for the treatment of white flies. Croprade (pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure) contains active ingredient 6.8% (68 g ai/per litre) of the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure.
From the above experiment 2, efficacy studies of the pesticidal formulation at different levels such as laboratory level and field level revealed that the pesticidal formulation (Croprade) was effective at 5 ml/L than the commercial sample.
In addition to the above studies, an efficacy study of the pesticidal formulation was also carried out at Indian Institute of Horticulture Research-Hessaraghatta Banglore (IIHR). As per the study of IIHR, it was evident that the treatment with Croprade @5ml/L recorded the lowest number whiteflies colonies per plant which was found to be effective over the commercially available pesticidal formulation of Acetamprid. Similar results were also obtained as compared to the commercially available pesticidal compositions such as Imidacloprid and Diafenthiuron. It was observed that the reduction of whitefly population (85%) was noticed up to 14 days of the first spray of Croprade @5ml/L over control. Further, no phytotoxicity was observed even with the high dose of Croprade @10ml/L.
Table 7 summarizes the optimization of the concentration range/dosage range of the active substance (bacterial concentrated extract of B.velezensis and P.megaterum) in the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure.
Table 7: Concentration range/dosage range of the active substance (bacterial concentrated extract of B.velezensis and P.megaterum) in the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure.
Concentration Dose rate
(required for trials)
Comment Active substance Active substance Total Dose rate
Extract of B.velezensis Extract of P.megaterium Extract Extract Formulated
(g/L) (g/L) (g/L) (g/ha) (L/ha)
Conc 0 unpurified extracts 450 450 900 900 1.00
Conc 1 purified 100% 34 34 68 68 1.00
Conc 2 purified 100% 68 68 136 68 0.50
Conc 3 Conc 1 further purified 200% 34 34 68 34 0.50
Conc 4 Conc 2 further purified 200% 68 68 136 34 0.25
Conc 5 purified 100% 10 10 20 68 3.40
Conc 6 purified 100% 15 15 30 68 2.27
Conc 7 purified 100% 50 50 100 68 0.68
Conc 8 purified 100% 100 100 200 68 0.34
1:1 ratio confirmed Target rate: 0,1 - 1,0

Experiment 3: Phytotoxicity study of pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure
The pesticidal formulation as prepared in Experiment 1 was tested for phytotoxicity on brinjal plants.
The results are evident from Figure 5 (A-D), wherein Figure 5(A) shows the image of white flies infested plant leaves of the brinjal plants after treatment with the commercially available pesticidal formulation and Figures B to D show the images of white flies infested plant leaves of the brinjal plants after treatment with the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure.
It was observed that the brinjal plants treated with the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure (ready to use) prepared against white flies, showed no phytotoxic symptoms such as leaf injury on tips and surfaces, wilting, necrosis, vein clearing, epinasty and hyponasty.
No phytotoxicity was observed on the leaves even with the high dose of Croprade @10ml/L.
Experiment 4: Stability study and Quality Control for the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure
Stability studies for the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure were conducted. The pesticidal formulation were subjected to stability assessments at various temperature conditions. The selected temperatures encompassed a range of environmental and physiological scenarios, aiming to gauge the product's (pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure) resilience and durability. A continuous observation throughout 15-days period under controlled conditions, the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure underwent stability evaluation without any external interventions. Upon completion of the 15-day acceleration period, the same set of samples that were subjected to the stability studies were selected for a comprehensive quality assessment.
Following Table 8 enlists the various temperatures employed for the stability study
Table 8: Temperature parameters for the stability study of the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure
Sr.No. Temperature Remark
1 -20°C Deep Freeze Condition
2 4°C Refrigeration
3 15°C Lower Temperature
4 25°C Lower Tropical Temperature
5 37°C Medium Temperature
6 54°C High Temperature
The results obtained from the thorough quality assessment conclusively demonstrate that no changes occurred in any of the physical properties of the pesticidal formulation (final product) of the present disclosure. As a result, it has been determined that the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure remains stable within a temperature range spanning from 4°C to 54°C.
Figure 6 illustrates the images of the bottles containing the pesticidal formulation before and after the stability test.
Further, the various parameters of the pesticidal formulation were tested as per the standard method Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council (CIPAC) which are enlisted in Table 9.
Table 9: Various parameters testing of the pesticidal formulation in accordance with the present disclosure
Sr. No. Parameters Test Method Reference range Observed range
1. Appearance Visual method Yellowish brown colored liquid Yellowish brown colored liquid
2. pH pH meter method 3.00 to 5.00 3.88
3. pH (1% w/v aq. Solution) CIPAC method 3.00 to 5.00 4.25
4. Specific gravity Specific gravity bottle method 1.00 to 1.10 1.03
5. Free fatty acids % by wt (%) Titration method 1.50 to 2.50 1.68
6. Crude protein % by weight (%) Kjeldahl method 1.00 to 2.00 1.34
7. Total nitrogen % by weight (%) Kjeldahl method 0.20 to 0.50 0.21
8. Amino acids % by weight (%) Soromen’s method 1.00 to 2.00 1.20
9. Solubility Soluble in water Soluble in water
10. Pourability (%) 96.00 to 98.00 97.85
11. Persistent foam test (5ml/L) CIPAC method Time Volume
1 minute 9 ml
12 minutes 6 ml
12. Emulsion stability (5 ml/L) Froth CIPAC method 30 minutes 2 ml
13. 2 hours 1 ml
14. 24 hours Nil
Cream 24 hours Nil
Free oil 24 hours 0.1 ml
15. Re-emulsion stability (5 ml/L) Froth CIPAC method 30 minutes Nil
16. Cream 30 minutes Nil
17. Free oil 30 minutes 0.1 ml
18. Solid matter 30 minutes nil
19. Odour Pungent odor Pungent odor
From Table 9, it was observed that all the values of the parameters of the pesticidal formulation of the present disclosure are within the range of reference range and therefore, the formulation is efficient to treat against white flies.
TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS
The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of;
? a pesticidal formulation that:
• is effective against white flies; and
• is non-phytotoxic even at high dosage; and
? a process for the preparation of a pesticidal formulation that is
• simple, economic and environment friendly.
The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.
The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired object or results.
Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.
The numerical values mentioned for the various physical parameters, dimensions or quantities are only approximations and it is envisaged that the values higher/lower than the numerical values assigned to the parameters, dimensions or quantities fall within the scope of the disclosure, unless there is a statement in the specification specific to the contrary.
While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation. ,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A pesticidal formulation comprises:
a. a predetermined amount of at least one bacterial concentrated extract;
b. a predetermined amount of additives; and
c. a predetermined amount of a fluid medium.
2. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein
• said predetermined amount of said bacterial concentrated extract is in the range of 80 mass% to 95 mass%;
• said predetermined amount of said additives is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass%; and
• said predetermined amount of said fluid medium is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass%,
wherein said mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of said formulation.
3. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bacterial concentrated extract is obtained from at least one bacterial species selected from the group consisting of Bacillus species extract and Priestia species extract.
4. The formulation as claimed in claim 3, wherein
• said Bacillus species is selected from the group consisting of Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus aryabhattai; and
• said Priestia species is Priestia megaterium.
5. The formulation as claimed in claim 3, wherein said bacterial concentrated extract is a combination of Bacillus velezensis extract and Priestia megaterium extract.
6. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said additives are selected from a surfactant, an enhancer, a thickener, a stabilizing agent, and a preservative.
7. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and butanol.
8. The formulation as claimed in claim 6, wherein
• said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants;
• said enhancer is selected from ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride;
• said thickener is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum and carboxy methyl cellulose,;
• said stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, soya oil, paraffin oil and petroleum oil; and
• said preservative is selected from the group consisting of sodium metabisulphite, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate and sodium benzoate.
9. The formulation as claimed in claim 8, wherein
• said anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, sodium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, a-olefin sulfonate and ammonium laureth sulfate;
• said non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitan monooleate and polysoarbate 80;
• said cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzododecinium bromide, ethyl lauroyl arginate, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride and dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane; and
• said zwitterionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, sulfobetaines, and amine oxides.
10. The formulation as claimed in claim 6, wherein
• said surfactant is present in an amount in the range of 20 mass% to 35 mass%;
• said enhancer is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 mass% to 2 mass%;
• said thickener is present in an amount in the range of 1 mass% to 4 mass%;
• said stabilizing agent is present in an amount in the range of 50 mass% to 65 mass%; and
• said preservative is present in an amount in the range of 10 mass% to 15 mass%,
wherein said mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of said additives.
11. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said pesticidal formulation is in the form of a liquid and a dose of said pesticidal formulation is in the range of 1 ml/L to 10 ml/L.
12. A process for the preparation of a pesticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said process comprises mixing predetermined amounts of at least one bacterial concentrated extract and additives into a predetermined amount of a fluid medium under stirring at a temperature in the range of 25 ºC to 35 ºC for a time period in the range of 15 minutes to 60 minutes to obtain said pesticidal formulation.
13. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein
• said predetermined amount of said bacterial concentrated extract is in the range of 80 mass% to 95 mass%;
• said predetermined amount of said additives is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass%; and
• said predetermined amount of said fluid medium is in the range of 2 mass% to 10 mass%,
wherein said mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of said formulation.
14. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein said fluid medium is selected from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, chloroform and butanol.
15. The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein said additives are selected from a surfactant, an enhancer, a thickener, a stabilizing agent, and a preservative.
16. The process as claimed in claim 15, wherein
• said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants;
• said enhancer is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulphate and sodium chloride;
• said thickener is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum and carboxy methyl cellulose;
• said stabilizing agent is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, soya oil, paraffin oil, and petroleum oil; and
• said preservative is selected from the group consisting of sodium metabisulphite, sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate and sodium benzoate.
17. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein
• said anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium myreth sulfate, sodium pareth sulfate, sodium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, a-olefin sulfonate, and ammonium laureth sulfate;
• said non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitan monooleate and polysorbate 80;
• said cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of benzethonium chloride, benzododecinium bromide, ethyl lauroyl arginate, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride and dioleoyl-3-trimethyl ammonium propane; and
• said zwitterionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, sulfobetaines, and amine oxides.
18. The process as claim in claim 15, wherein
• said surfactant is present in an amount in the range of 20 mass% to 35 mass%;
• said enhancer is present in an amount in the range of 0.5 mass% to 2 mass%;
• said thickener is present in an amount in the range of 1 mass% to 4 mass%;
• said stabilizing agent is present in an amount in the range of 50 mass% to 65 mass%; and
• said preservative is present in an amount in the range of 10 mass% to 15 mass%,
wherein said mass% of each ingredient is with respect to the total mass of said additives.
19. The pesticidal formulation as claimed in claim 1 is used against pests of family Aleyrodidae.

Dated this 2nd day of May, 2024

_______________________________
MOHAN RAJKUMAR DEWAN, IN/PA – 25
OF R. K. DEWAN & CO.
AUTHORIZED AGENT OF APPLICANT

TO,
THE CONTROLLER OF PATENTS
THE PATENT OFFICE, AT CHENNAI