DESC:CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to the Indian provisional patent application no. 202341071378 filed on October 19, 2023, the complete disclosures of which, in their entirety, are herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND
Technical Field
[0002] The present disclosure relates to one or more devices, and more specifically relates to a system and method to perform a derating operation of one or more devices in electric vehicles.

Description of the Related Art
[0003] In general, derating is an operation of one or more devices at less than its rated maximum capability (E.g., power rating, current rating, or voltage rating) to prolong life of the one or more devices. The derating is a precautionary measure to prevent the one or more devices from operating too close to limits of the one or more devices to improve the life span of the one or more devices and ensure the safe and smooth operation of electric vehicles (EVs).
[0004] In a conventional approach, one or more parameters of the one or more devices are estimated to avoid derating when the one or more parameters of the one or more devices reach a threshold cut-off stage. The one or more parameters of the one or more devices may include, but not limited to, temperature, power range, revolution per minute, and voltage. Furthermore, the one or more devices will be turned OFF when the one or more parameters of the one or more devices reach the threshold cut-off stage to avoid damage of the one or more devices. The immediate turn-off incident may reduce the life span of the one or more devices and affect the safe and smooth operation of the electric vehicles (EVs). In the conventional approach, there is no course of action to prevent damage of the one or more devices, and the one or more components of the vehicle without turn-off incident. In other conventional approaches, the derating process reduces current flow to a load based on a temperature parameter (e.g., temperature level). Since the temperature parameter is sensed by one or more temperature sensors. The one or more temperature sensors make the conventional system complex, and expensive. So, the conventional approach is not efficient in solving the above-mentioned problems.
[0005] Hence is desirable to address the above-mentioned problem and disadvantages or at least provide a useful alternative.
SUMMARY
[0006] In view of the foregoing embodiments, herein provides a system to perform a derating operation of one or more devices of a vehicle. The system includes a memory and a processor. The processor is configured to execute program instructions stored in the memory. The processor includes an RPM (Revolutions Per Minute) derating subsystem, a constant power derating subsystem, an adaptive temperature derating subsystem, a voltage derating subsystem, a comparison subsystem and a protection subsystem. The RPM derating subsystem reduces current flow of a load to a first predetermined current level to modify power of the load concerning RPM to match the load requirement at a predetermined speed. The constant power derating subsystem reduces the current flow of the load to a second predetermined current level to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of one or more battery packs. The adaptive temperature derating subsystem reduces the current flow of the load to a third predetermined current level to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs of the electric vehicle within a threshold temperature level. The adaptive temperature derating subsystem considers one or more temperature parameters of the one or more battery packs to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs. The voltage derating subsystem reduces the current flow of the load to a fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs is below one or more threshold voltage levels. The fourth predetermined current level is determined by multiplying time spent on at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels with a weight factor of at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels. The weightage factor of the one or more threshold voltage levels is previously assigned to the processor.
[0007] The comparison subsystem compares the first predetermined current level, the second predetermined current level, the third predetermined current level, and the fourth predetermined current level to determine a minimum predetermined current level. The protection subsystem protects the one or more devices of the vehicle by supplying the minimum predetermined current level to the one or more devices of the vehicle when the one or more devices of the vehicle reach one or more predetermined states.
[0008] In some embodiments, the one or more battery packs are configured to distribute power to the load of the electric vehicle and include one or more controller units. The one or more battery packs include one or more predetermined capacities.
[0009] In some embodiments, the one or more temperature parameters include temperature level of the one or more battery packs in real-time, and temperature rise rate of the one or more battery packs.
[0010] In some embodiments, the one or more threshold voltage levels include a first threshold voltage level and a second threshold voltage level.
[0011] In some embodiments, the one or more battery pack parameters of the one or more battery packs includes an ambient temperature level of the one or more battery packs, a voltage and current level of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs, defect in the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs, State of Charge (SOC) of the one or more battery packs, cell aging of the one or more battery packs, and capacity of the one or more battery packs.
[0012] In some embodiments, the system further includes a load control unit. The load control unit is configured to control and manage one or more operational modes of the load by varying one or more vehicle parameters.
[0013] In some embodiments, the one or more vehicle parameters include voltage, current, or a combination of both, road gradient, environment condition, vehicle loading condition, and driver/rider behaviour.
[0014] In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined states include over voltage, over current, under voltage, under current, and temperature rise.
[0015] In one aspect, a method for performing a derating operation of one or more devices of a vehicle is provided. The method includes reducing, by a processor, current flow of a load to a first predetermined current level to modify power of the load concerning RPM to match the load requirement at a predetermined speed. The method includes reducing, by the processor, the current flow of the load to a second predetermined current level to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of one or more battery packs. The method includes reducing, by the processor, the current flow of the load to a third predetermined current level to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs of the vehicle within a threshold temperature level. The adaptive temperature derating subsystem considers one or more temperature parameters of the one or more battery packs to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs. The method includes reducing, by the processor, the current flow of the load to a fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs is below one or more threshold voltage levels. The fourth predetermined current level is determined by multiplying the time spent on at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels with a weight factor of at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels. The weightage factor of the one or more threshold voltage levels is previously assigned to the processor.
[0016] The method includes reducing comparing, by the processor, a comparison subsystem, the first predetermined current level, the second predetermined current level, the third predetermined current level, and the fourth predetermined current level to determine a minimum predetermined current level. The method includes protecting, the processor, the one or more devices of the vehicle by supplying the minimum predetermined current level to the one or more devices of the vehicle when the one or more devices of the vehicle reach one or more predetermined states.
[0017] In some embodiments, the method further includes the step of: distributing, by the one or more battery packs, the power to the load of the vehicle. The one or more battery packs include one or more controller units. The one or more battery packs include one or more predetermined capacities.
[0018] In some embodiments, the method further includes the steps of: connecting, the one or more controller units to the processor and monitoring one or more battery pack parameters of the one or more battery packs.
[0019] In some embodiments, the one or more temperature parameters include temperature level of one or more battery packs in real-time, and temperature rise rate of the one or more battery packs.
[0020] In some embodiments, the one or more threshold voltage levels include a first threshold voltage level and a second threshold voltage level.
[0021] In some embodiments, the one or more battery pack parameters of the one or more battery packs include an ambient temperature level of the one or more battery packs, a voltage and current level of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs, defect in the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs, State of Charge (SOC) of the one or more battery packs, cell aging of the one or more battery packs, and capacity of the one or more battery packs.
[0022] In some embodiments, the method further includes the steps of: controlling and managing one or more operational modes of the load by varying one or more vehicle parameters.
[0023] In some embodiments, the one or more vehicle parameters include voltage, current, or a combination of both, road gradient, environment condition, vehicle loading condition, and driver/rider behaviour.
[0024] In some embodiments, the one or more predetermined states include over voltage, over current, under voltage, under current, and temperature.
[0025] These and other aspects of the embodiments herein will be better appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following descriptions, while indicating preferred embodiments and numerous specific details thereof, are given by way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the embodiments herein, and the embodiments herein include all such modifications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] The embodiments herein will be better understood from the following description with reference to the drawings, in which:
[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system to perform a derating operation of one or more devices in electric vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 2A illustrates a graphical representation of a performance of an RPM derating subsystem in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 2B illustrates a graphical representation of a performance of a constant power derating subsystem in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 2C illustrates a graphical representation of a performance of an adaptive temperature derating subsystem in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 2D illustrates a graphical representation of a performance of a voltage derating subsystem in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0032] FIG. 3 is a flow chart representing the steps involved in a method to perform the derating operation of the one or more components in the electric vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0033] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
[0034] As mentioned, there remains a need for an improved system for performing derating operation of one or more devices in electric vehicles and a method to operate the same. Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 to 3 where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently throughout the figures, there are shown preferred embodiments.
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system 100 to perform a derating operation of one or more devices in electric vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG.1, the system 100 includes a memory 130, and a processor 124. The memory 130 includes programme instructions stored in the form of an executable program which instructs the processor 124 to perform the derating operation of the one or more devices in the electric vehicles. The processor 124 is configured to execute programme instructions stored in the memory 130.
[0036] The memory 130 can include non-volatile storage elements. Examples of such non-volatile storage elements may include magnetic hard discs, optical discs, floppy discs, flash memories, or forms of electrically programmable memories (EPROM) or electrically erasable and programmable (EEPROM) memories. In addition, the memory 130 may, in some examples, be considered a non-transitory storage medium. The term “non-transitory” may indicate that the storage medium is not embodied in a carrier wave or a propagated signal. However, the term “non-transitory” should not be interpreted that the memory is non-movable. In some examples, the memory 130 is configured to store larger amounts of information. In certain examples, a non-transitory storage medium may store data that can, over time, change (e.g., in Random Access Memory (RAM) or cache).
[0037] The processor(s) 124, as used herein, means any type of computational circuit, such as, but not limited to, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a complex instruction set computing microprocessor, a reduced instruction set computing microprocessor, a very long instruction word microprocessor, an explicitly parallel instruction computing microprocessor, a digital signal processor, or any other type of processing circuit, or a combination thereof. The one or more processors may be a general-purpose processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), or the like, a graphics-only processing unit such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), a visual processing unit (VPU), and/or an AI-dedicated processor such as a neural processing unit (NPU). The processor 124 may include multiple cores and is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory 130. A bus 126 as used herein refers to be internal memory channels or computer network that is used to connect computer components and transfer data between them.
[0038] The system 100 further includes one or more battery packs 102, a load control unit 108, and a load 110. In one embodiment, the one or more battery packs 102 include one or more battery controller units 104. In another embodiment, the one or more controller units may include, but not limited to, a Battery Management System (BMS). In yet another embodiment, the one or more battery packs 102 may be a combination of a fixed battery pack, and a portable battery pack. In yet another embodiment, the fixed battery pack, and the portable battery pack may include equal capacity. In yet another embodiment, the fixed battery pack, and the portable battery pack may include equal capacity.
[0039] The one or more battery packs 102 are configured to distribute the power to the load 110 of a vehicle. In an embodiment, the vehicle may include, but not limited to, a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), a Hybrid Electric vehicle (HEV), a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), and a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV). The one or more battery controller units 104 are connected with the processor 124. In one embodiment, the one or more battery controller units 104 are communicatively connected with the processor 124. In another embodiment, the one or more battery controller units 104 are electrically connected with the processor 124. The one or more battery controller units 104 are configured to monitor a first set of parameters of the one or more battery packs 102. In one embodiment, the first set of parameters of the one or more battery packs 102 may include, but not limited to, an ambient temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102, a voltage and current level of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102, defect in the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102, State of Charge (SOC) of the one or more battery packs 102, cell aging of the one or more battery packs 102, and capacity of the one or more battery packs 102.
[0040] The one or more battery packs 102 are connected to the load control unit 108. In one embodiment, the one or more battery packs 102 are communicatively connected with the load control unit 108. In another embodiment, the one or more battery packs 102 are electrically connected with the load control unit 108. The load control unit 108 controls and manage one or more operational modes of the load 110 by varying one or more vehicle parameters. In one embodiment, the one or more vehicle parameters may include, but not limited to, voltage, current, or a combination of both, road gradient, environment condition, vehicle loading condition, and driver/rider behavior. In another embodiment, the load control unit 108 acts as an interface between the load 110 and the one or more battery packs 102.
[0041] The one or more battery packs 102 are configured to distribute the power to drive the load 110 for various speed and torque. As used herein, the load 110 converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle by using the load control unit 108. In an embodiment, the load 110 may include, but not limited to a motor. As used herein, the motor generates the rotational force required to drive one or more wheels and move the vehicle.
[0042] The processor 124 is connected to the one or more battery packs 102. In one embodiment, the processor 124 is connected to the one or more battery controller units 104 of the one or more battery packs 102. In another embodiment, the processor 124 is connected to the load control unit 108. The processor 124 includes, but not limited to, a Body Control Subsystem (BCM), a Body Control Unit (BCU), a Vehicle Control Subsystem (VCM), and a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU). As used herein, the processor 124 is defined as an electronic control unit that is responsible for monitoring and controlling various electronic accessories in the vehicle.
[0043] Further the processor includes 124 a (RPM) Revolution Per Minute derating subsystem 112, a constant power derating subsystem 114, an adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116, a voltage derating subsystem 118, a protection subsystem 120, and a comparison subsystem 122.
[0044] The RPM derating subsystem 112 is configured to reduce current flow of the load 110 at a first predetermined current level to modify power of the load 110 concerning RPM to match requirement of the load 110 at a predetermined speed. In an embodiment, the RPM derating subsystem 112 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 to modify the power of the load 110 concerning RPM to match power requirement of the load 110 at a predetermined speed. The current flow of the load achieved with the help of the load control unit 108.
[0045] Reduction in the current flow is to avoid damage to the one or more devices of the vehicle. In one embodiment, the one or more devices of the vehicle may include, but not limited to, the one or more battery packs 102, the load control unit 108, and the load 110. The first predetermined current level, and the predetermined speed may be varied based on an application on which the RPM subsystem 112 is being used. The RPM derating subsystem 112 makes user experience better.
[0046] The constant power derating subsystem 114 is configured to reduce the current flow of the load to a second predetermined current level to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of the one or more battery packs 102. In an embodiment, the constant power derating subsystem 114 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of one or more battery packs 102. Reduction in the current flow is to improve vehicle range with same power. In one embodiment, the one or more devices of the vehicle may include, but not limited to, the one or more battery packs 102, the load control unit 108, and the load 110. The second predetermined current level may be varied based on an application on which the constant power derating subsystem 114 is being used.
[0047] The adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 is configured to reduce the current flow of the load 110 to a third predetermined current level to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102 of the vehicle within a threshold temperature level. The adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 considers one or more temperature parameters of the one or more battery packs 102 to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102. In one embodiment, the one or more temperature parameters include temperature level of the one or more battery packs in real-time, and temperature rise rate of the one or more battery packs.
[0048] In an embodiment, the adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102 of the vehicle within a threshold temperature level.
[0049] The third predetermined current level may be varied based on an application on which the adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 is being used. The adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 reduces the current flow for user safety, and health of the one or more battery packs 102.
[0050] The voltage derating subsystem 118 is configured to reduce the current flow of the load to a fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102 is below one or more threshold voltage levels. In one embodiment, the one or more threshold voltage levels include a first threshold voltage level and a second threshold voltage level. The fourth predetermined current level is determined by multiplying the time spent on at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels with a weight factor of at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels. The weightage factor of the one or more threshold voltage levels is previously assigned to the processor 124.
[0051] In an embodiment, the voltage derating subsystem 118 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 at a fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102 is below one or more threshold voltage levels. The fourth predetermined current level may be varied based on an application on which the voltage derating subsystem 118 is being used. The voltage derating subsystem 118 avoid sudden cut-off and take care of health of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102.
[0052] The comparison subsystem 122 compares the first predetermined current level, the second predetermined current level, the third predetermined current level, and the fourth predetermined current level to determine a minimum predetermined current level.
[0053] The protection subsystem 120 is configured to protect the one or more devices of the vehicle by supplying the minimum predetermined current level to the one or more devices of the vehicle when the one or more devices of the vehicle reach one or more predetermined states. The protection subsystem 120 is configured to protect the one or more battery packs 102 of the vehicle from one or more predetermined states. In one embodiment, the one or more predetermined states may include, but not limited to, over-voltage, over-current, under-voltage, and thermal derating during discharging based on the SOC of the one or more battery packs 102.
[0054] In addition to that, software of the first battery pack 102A will be updated when the vehicle is in running mode with help of the second battery pack 102B. In one embodiment, the software update may be an OTA update (over-the-air update). Software of the second battery pack 102B will be updated when the vehicle is in running mode with help of the first battery pack 102A.
[0055] Furthermore, the system 100, the derating process will be triggered due to various parameters. The various parameters include heat or increased resistance of the one or more battery packs 102. The system 100 switches the power distribution between the one or more battery packs 102 to avoid derating process.
[0056] The system 100 includes a database 128 to store the one or more battery pack parameters of the one or more battery packs 102, the one or more temperature parameters, and the one or more vehicle parameters.
[0057] FIG. 2A illustrates a graphical representation of a performance of an RPM derating subsystem 112 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The RPM derating subsystem 112 is configured to reduce the current flow of the load 110 at a first predetermined current level to modify power of the load 110 concerning RPM to match requirement of the load 110 at a predetermined speed. In an embodiment, the RPM derating subsystem 112 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 to modify the power of the load 110 concerning RPM to match power requirement of the load 110 at the predetermined speed.
[0058] Reduction in the current flow is to avoid damage to the one or more devices of the vehicle. In one embodiment, the one or more devices of the vehicle may include e, but not limited to, the one or more battery packs 102, the load control unit 108, and the load 110. The first predetermined current level, and the predetermined speed may be varied based on an application on which the RPM subsystem 112 is being used. The RPM derating subsystem 112 makes user experience better.
[0059] FIG. 2B illustrates a graphical representation of a performance of a constant power derating subsystem 114 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The constant power derating subsystem 114 is configured to reduce the current flow of the load to a second predetermined current level to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of the one or more battery packs 102. In another embodiment, the constant power derating subsystem 114 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of the one or more battery packs 102. Reduction in the current flow is to improve vehicle range with same power. In one embodiment, the one or more devices of the vehicle may include, but not limited to, the one or more battery packs 102, the load control unit 108, and the load 110. The second predetermined current level may be varied based on an application on which the constant power derating subsystem 114 is being used.
[0060] FIG. 2C illustrates a graphical representation of a performance of an adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 is configured to reduce the current flow of the load 110 to a third predetermined current level to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102 of the vehicle within a threshold temperature level. The adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 considers one or more temperature parameters of the one or more battery packs 102 to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102. In one embodiment, the one or more temperature parameters include temperature level of the one or more battery packs in real-time, and temperature rise rate of the one or more battery packs.
[0061] In an embodiment, the adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102 of the vehicle within the threshold temperature level.
[0062] The third predetermined current level may be varied based on an application on which the adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 is being used. The adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 reduces the current flow for user safety, and health of the one or more battery packs 102.
[0063] FIG. 2D illustrates a graphical representation of a performance of a voltage derating subsystem 118 in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The voltage derating subsystem 118 is configured to reduce the current flow of the load to a fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102 is below one or more threshold voltage levels. The fourth predetermined current level is determined by multiplying the time spent on at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels with a weight factor of at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels. The weightage factor of the one or more threshold voltage levels is previously assigned to the processor 124.
[0064] In one embodiment, the one or more threshold voltage levels include a first threshold voltage level and a second threshold voltage level. In an embodiment, the voltage derating subsystem 118 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 at the fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102 is below one or more threshold voltage levels. The fourth predetermined current level may be varied based on an application on which the voltage derating subsystem 118 is being used. The voltage derating subsystem 118 avoid sudden cut-off, and take care of health of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102.
[0065] FIG. 3 is a flow chart representing the steps involved in a method 300 to perform a derating operation of the one or more components in the electric vehicles in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0066] In step 302, the method 300 includes reducing current flow of a load 110 to a first predetermined current level to modify power of the load 110 concerning RPM to match power requirement of the load 110 at a predetermined speed. In one specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the current flow of the load 110 reduced to the first predetermined current level to modify the power of the load 110 concerning RPM to match power requirement of the load 110 at the predetermined speed by an RPM derating subsystem 112.
[0067] In an embodiment, the RPM derating subsystem 112 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 to modify the power of the load 110 concerning RPM to match the requirement of the load 110 at the predetermined speed.
[0068] Reduction in the current flow is to avoid damage to the one or more devices of the vehicle. In one embodiment, the one or more devices of the vehicle may include, but not limited to, the one or more battery packs 102, the load control unit 108, and the load 110. The first predetermined current level, and the predetermined speed may be varied based on an application on which the RPM subsystem 112 is being used. The RPM derating subsystem 112 makes user experience better.
[0069] In step 304, the method 300 includes reducing the current flow of the load to a second predetermined current level to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of one or more battery packs. In one specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the current flow of the load reduced to the second predetermined current level to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of the one or more battery packs by a constant power derating subsystem 114.
[0070] In one embodiment, the constant power derating subsystem 114 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of the one or more battery packs 102. Reduction in the current flow is to improve vehicle range with same power. In one embodiment, the one or more devices of the vehicle may include, but not limited to, the one or more battery packs 102, the load control unit 108, and the load 110. The second predetermined current level may be varied based on an application on which the constant power derating subsystem 114 is being used.
[0071] In step 306, the method 300 includes reducing the current flow of the load to a third predetermined current level to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs of the vehicle within a threshold temperature level. In one specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the current flow of the load to the third predetermined current level to control the temperature level of the one or more battery packs of the vehicle within the threshold temperature level by an adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116.
[0072] The adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 considers one or more temperature parameters of the one or more battery packs 102 to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102. In one embodiment, the one or more temperature parameters include temperature level of the one or more battery packs in real-time, and temperature rise rate of the one or more battery packs.
[0073] In an embodiment, the adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102 of the vehicle within the threshold temperature level.
[0074] The third predetermined current level may be varied based on an application on which the adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 is being used. The adaptive temperature derating subsystem 116 reduce the current flow for user safety, and health of the one or more battery packs 102.
[0075] In step 308, the method 300 includes reducing the current flow of the load to a fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs is below one or more threshold voltage levels. In one specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the current flow of the load reduced to the fourth predetermined current level when the voltage of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs is below the one or more threshold voltage levels by a voltage derating subsystem 118.
[0076] The fourth predetermined current level is determined by multiplying the time spent on at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels with a weight factor of at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels. The weightage factor of the one or more threshold voltage levels is previously assigned to the processor 124.
[0077] In one embodiment, the one or more threshold voltage levels include a first threshold voltage level and a second threshold voltage level. In an embodiment, the voltage derating subsystem 118 may vary voltage, or resistance to the load 110 at the fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102 is below one or more threshold voltage levels. The fourth predetermined current level may be varied based on an application on which the voltage derating subsystem 118 is being used. The voltage derating subsystem 118 avoids sudden cut-off and takes care of health of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102.
[0078] In step 310, the method 300 includes comparing the first predetermined current level, the second predetermined current level, the third predetermined current level, and the fourth predetermined current level to determine a minimum predetermined current level. In one specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the first predetermined current level, the second predetermined current level, the third predetermined current level, and the fourth predetermined current level are compared to determine the minimum predetermined current level by a comparison subsystem 122.
[0079] In step 312, the method 300 includes protecting the one or more devices of the vehicle by supplying the minimum predetermined current level to the one or more devices of the vehicle when the one or more devices of the vehicle reach one or more predetermined states. In one specific embodiment of the present disclosure, the one or more devices of the vehicle protected by supplying the minimum predetermined current level to the one or more devices of the vehicle when the one or more devices of the vehicle reach the one or more predetermined states by a protection subsystem 120.
[0080] In one embodiment, the method 300 further includes the steps of: distributing, by the one or more battery packs 102, the power to the load 110 of the vehicle. In another embodiment, the one or more battery packs 102 include the one or more controller units 104. The one or more battery packs 102 include one or more predetermined capacities.
[0081] In one embodiment, the method 300 further includes the steps of: connecting, the one or more controller units 104 to the processor 124, and monitoring the one or more battery pack parameters of the one or more battery packs 102. In another embodiment, the one or more temperature parameters include temperature level of one or more battery packs in real-time, and temperature rise rate of the one or more battery packs.
[0082] In one embodiment, the one or more threshold voltage levels include a first threshold voltage level and a second threshold voltage level.
[0083] In one embodiment, the one or more battery pack parameters of the one or more battery packs 102 include an ambient temperature level of the one or more battery packs 102, a voltage and current level of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102, defect in the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs 102, State of Charge (SOC) of the one or more battery packs 102, cell aging of the one or more battery packs 102, and capacity of the one or more battery packs 102.
[0084] In one embodiment, the method 300 further including the steps of: controlling and managing one or more operational modes of the load 110 by varying one or more vehicle parameters. In another embodiment, the one or more vehicle parameters comprise voltage, current, or a combination of both, road gradient, environment condition, vehicle loading condition, and driver/rider behaviour.
[0085] In another embodiment, the one or more predetermined states include over voltage, over current, under voltage and thermal derating.
[0086] The proposed approach does not allow the vehicle to turn off when the one or more parameters of the one or more devices reach the threshold cut-off stage instead that the proposed approach reduce the current flow to the load 110 to maintain the one or more parameters of the one or more devices within the threshold cut off to avoid damage of the one or more devices. While specific language has been used to describe the disclosure, any limitations arising on account of the same are not intended. As would be apparent to a person skilled in the art, various working modifications may be made to the method 300 in order to implement the inventive concept as taught herein.
[0087] The figures and the foregoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, order of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any flow diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts need to be necessarily performed. Also, those acts that are not dependant on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
System – 100.
One or more battery packs - 102.
One or more battery controller units - 104.
Load control unit - 108.
Load - 110.
Rpm derating subsystem - 112.
Constant power derating subsystem - 114.
Adaptive temperature derating subsystem - 116.
Voltage derating subsystem - 118.
Protection Subsystem - 120.
Comparison subsystem - 122.
Processor - 124.
Bus – 126.
Database – 128.
Memory – 130. ,CLAIMS:We claim:
1. A system (100) to perform a derating operation of one or more devices of an electric vehicle, the system (100) comprising:
a memory (130) storing program instructions; and
a processor (124) configured to execute program instructions stored in the memory (130), wherein the processor comprises:
an RPM (Revolutions Per Minute) derating subsystem (112) is configured to:
reduce current flow of a load (110) to a first predetermined current level to modify power of the load (110) concerning RPM to match power requirement of the load (110) at a predetermined speed;
a constant power derating subsystem (114) is configured to:
reduce the current flow of the load (110) to a second predetermined current level to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of one or more battery packs (102);
an adaptive temperature derating subsystem (116) is configured to:
reduce the current flow of the load (110) to a third predetermined current level to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs (102) of the electric vehicle within a threshold temperature level, wherein the adaptive temperature derating subsystem (116) considers one or more temperature parameters of the one or more battery packs (102) to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs (102);
a voltage derating subsystem (118) is configured to:
reduce the current flow of the load (110) to a fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs (102) is below one or more threshold voltage levels, wherein the fourth predetermined current level determined by multiplying the time spent on at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels with weight factor of at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels, wherein the weightage factor of the one or more threshold voltage levels are previously assigned to the processor (126);
a comparison subsystem (122) is configured to:
compare the first predetermined current level, the second predetermined current level, the third predetermined current level, and the fourth predetermined current level to determine a minimum predetermined current level; and
a protection subsystem (120) is configured to protect the one or more devices of the electric vehicle by supplying the minimum predetermined current level to the one or more devices of the electric vehicle when the one or more devices of the electric vehicle reach one or more predetermined states.


2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more battery packs (102) are configured to distribute power to the load (110) of the electric vehicle and comprise one or more controller units (104), wherein the one or more battery packs (102) comprise one or more predetermined capacities.

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more temperature parameters comprise temperature level of the one or more battery packs (102) in real-time, and temperature rise rate of the one or more battery packs (102).

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more threshold voltage levels comprise a first threshold voltage level and a second threshold voltage level.

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more battery pack parameters of the one or more battery packs (102) comprises an ambient temperature level of the one or more battery packs (102), a voltage and current level of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs (102), defect in the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs (102), State of Charge (SOC) of the one or more battery packs (102), cell aging of the one or more battery packs (102), and capacity of the one or more battery packs (102).

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) further comprises a load control unit (108), wherein the load control unit (108) is configured to control and manage one or more operational modes of the load (110) by varying one or more vehicle parameters.

7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more vehicle parameters comprise voltage, current, or a combination of both, road gradient, environment condition, vehicle loading condition, and driver/rider behaviour.

8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more predetermined states comprise over voltage, over current, under voltage, under current, and temperature rise.

9. The method (300) for performing a derating operation of one or more devices of an electric vehicle, comprising:
reducing, by a processor (124), current flow of a load (110) to a first predetermined current level to modify power of the load (110) concerning RPM to match requirement of the load (110) at a predetermined speed;
reducing, by the processor (124), the current flow of the load (110) to a second predetermined current level to maintain power as constant irrespective of SOC levels of one or more battery packs (102);
reducing, by the processor (124), the current flow of the load (110) to a third predetermined current level to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs (102) of the electric vehicle within a threshold temperature level, wherein an adaptive temperature derating subsystem (116) considers one or more temperature parameters of the one or more battery packs (102) to control temperature level of the one or more battery packs (102);
reducing, by the processor (124), the current flow of the load (110) to a fourth predetermined current level when voltage of one or more cells of the one or more battery packs (102) is below one or more threshold voltage levels, wherein the fourth predetermined current level determined by multiplying the time spent on at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels with weight factor of at least one threshold voltage level of the one or more threshold voltage levels, wherein the weightage factor of the one or more threshold voltage levels are previously assigned to the processor (124);
comparing, by the processor (124), the first predetermined current level, the second predetermined current level, the third predetermined current level, and the fourth predetermined current level to determine a minimum predetermined current level; and
protecting, by the processor (124), the one or more devices of the electric vehicle by supplying the minimum predetermined current level to the one or more devices of the electric vehicle when the one or more devices of the electric vehicle reach one or more predetermined states.

10. The method (300) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method (300) further comprising the step of:
distributing, by the one or more battery packs (102), power to the load (110) of the electric vehicle, wherein the one or more battery packs (102) comprise one or more controller units (104), wherein the one or more battery packs (102) comprise one or more predetermined capacities.

11. The method (300) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method (300) further comprising the steps of:
connecting, the one or more controller units (104) to the Processor (124); and
monitoring one or more battery pack parameters of the one or more battery packs (102).


12. The method (300) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more temperature parameters comprise temperature level of the one or more battery packs (102) in real-time, and temperature rise rate of the one or more battery packs (102).

13. The method (300) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more threshold voltage levels comprise a first threshold voltage level and a second threshold voltage level.

14. The method (300) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more battery pack parameters of the one or more battery packs (102) comprise an ambient temperature level of the one or more battery packs (102), a voltage and current level of the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs (102), defect in the one or more cells of the one or more battery packs (102), State of Charge (SOC) of the one or more battery packs (102), cell aging of the one or more battery packs (102), and capacity of the one or more battery packs (102).

15. The method (300) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method (300) further comprising the steps of: controlling and managing, by a load control unit (108), one or more operational modes of the load (110) by varying one or more vehicle parameters.

16. The method (300) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more vehicle parameters comprise voltage, current, or a combination of both, road gradient, environment condition, vehicle loading condition, and driver/rider behaviour.

17. The method (300) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the one or more predetermined states comprise over voltage, over current, under voltage, under current, and temperature rise.