DESC:STABLE SYNERGISTIC AGROCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PROCESS OF PREPARATION THEREOF

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related to a stable synergistic agrochemical composition comprising a synergistically effective amount of at least three actives. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pesticidal composition comprising at least one strobilurin, at least one neonicotinoid, and at least one pyridine-based pesticide and a process of preparation thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Managing invertebrate pests in crops is critical for ensuring optimal crop yield and overall productivity. Invertebrate pests, including harmful insects and plant pathogens, cause significant damage to both growing and stored crops. These pests result in severe losses in agricultural production, with estimates indicating that approximately 20 to 40% of global crop yield is lost annually due to pest infestation. The economic ramifications of this loss are substantial, as it diminishes the quantity and quality of crops and, by extension, negatively impacts food security and agricultural economies worldwide.

The most common method employed to mitigate pest damage is the application of chemical pesticides. Pesticides are formulated to control a variety of pest species and plant diseases. These agrochemicals are critical for protecting crops from a range of invertebrate pests. Formulations comprising a combination of active ingredients, whether as binary or more complex mixtures, are often used to improve pest control. The intensive and widespread use of chemical pesticides has led to numerous challenges, such as resistance development, environmental contamination, and adverse effects on non-target organisms such as beneficial insects and pollinators.

Therefore, the agricultural industry has made a persistent effort to develop more cost-effective, stable, and sustainable pest control formulations. An ideal formulation should effectively control a broad spectrum of pests, minimize the chances of resistance development, and minimize adverse effects on both the environment and crop health. At times, a formulation comprising two or more actives is used to enhance the efficacy of pest control.

However, formulating a composition comprising two or more actives faces challenges such as poor solubility of actives, inadequate dissolution, and crystal formation within 24 hours. Additionally, there are compatibility issues with various emulsifiers, and if the emulsifiers are not optimally chosen, haziness, separation, and layer formation occur in the formulation. Moreover, these formulations crystallize in cold storage conditions and fail to reform upon returning to ambient temperature. Furthermore, heat storage studies reveal that these formulations experience layering and increased haziness after a certain period.

Therefore, there is a need to develop a stable synergistic agrochemical formulation that is broad-spectrum, environmentally safe, and helps reduce dosage and frequency of application.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
The primary objective of the invention is to provide a synergistic composition comprising of at least one fungicide, at least one insecticide, and at least one pyridine-based pesticide.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a process for preparation of the synergistic agrochemical composition.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a synergistic composition comprising at least one strobilurin, at least one neonicotinoid, and at least one pyridine-based pesticide.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a synergistic composition with broad spectrum control of pests and diseases.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a synergistic composition that increases crop yield.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling pests and diseases in the agriculture field.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the present invention. It is not intended to identify the key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concept of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description of the invention presented later.

Accordingly, the present invention aims to provide a synergistic agrochemical composition comprising at least three active compounds.

In an aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic composition comprising at least one strobilurin, at least one neonicotinoid, and at least one pyridine-based pesticide.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparation of the synergistic composition comprising of at least one strobilurin, at least one neonicotinoid, and at least one pyridine-based pesticide.

In another aspect of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises of (a) at least one strobilurin in an amount in the range of 0.1-80% by weight, (b) at least one neonicotinoid in an amount in the range of 0.1-80% by weight, and (c) at least one pyridine-based pesticide in an amount in the range of 0.1-80% by weight.

In another aspect, the present invention composition comprises at least one strobilurin fungicide is in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight; at least one neonicotinoid is in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight; and at least one pyridine-based pesticide is in the range of 1 to 30%.

In another aspect of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises of (a) at least one strobilurin; (b) acetamiprid and (c) at least one pyridine-based pesticide.

In another aspect of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises of (a) at least one strobilurin; (b) at least one neonicotinoid; and (c) pyriproxyfen.

In another aspect of the present invention, the strobilurin fungicide is selected from at least one of trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, and kresoxim-methyl.

In another aspect of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises of (a) at least one strobilurin compound selected from trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, and kresoxim-methyl; (b) acetamiprid; and (c) pyriproxyfen.
In another aspect of the present invention, the synergistic composition further comprises at least one stabilizer, at least one polymer-based dispersant and at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

In another aspect, the present invention composition comprises at least one strobilurin fungicide is in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight; acetamiprid is in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight; and pyriproxyfen is in the range of 1 to 30%.

In another aspect, the synergistic composition of the present invention may be formulated as Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Nano-emulsion, Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

In another aspect of the present invention, the agriculturally acceptable adjuvant is selected from the group comprising carrier(s), binder(s), disintegrating agent(s), dispersants or dispersing agent(s), wetting agents, pH modifier(s), thickener(s), biocide(s), preservative(s), anti-freezing agent(s), colorant(s), defoamer(s), emulsifier(s), co-solvents and/or solvents or any combination thereof.

In another aspect, the present invention composition comprises of stabilizer is in the range of 0.1 to 12% by weight and the polymer-based dispersant is in the range of 0.1 to 12% by weight.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing a synergistic composition comprising the steps of (a) developing a solvent phase by accurately weighing and transferring a solvent in a beaker; (b) adding at least one strobilurin fungicide, acetamiprid, pyriproxyfen and a stabilizer in the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution; (c) developing an organic phase by adding and mixing water, a polymer-based dispersant and an anti-freezing agent to obtain a mixture; (d) stirring the mixture obtained in step (c) till uniform dissolution; (e) adding the organic phase to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a mixture; and (f) adding a wetting agent to the mixture of step (e) under continuous to obtain a stable emulsion.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic composition with improved stability and enhanced efficacy for broad spectrum control of pests and diseases.

Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, details the invention in different embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The definitions provided herein below for the terminologies used in the present disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and, in no manner, limit the scope of the present invention disclosed in the present disclosure.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Other process and materials similar, or equivalent, to those described herein may be used in the practice of the present invention.

It is to be noted that, as used in the specification, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

The use of terms “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein; are meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Further, the use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. Furthermore, the term "may" is used herein in a permissive sense (i.e. meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense, (i.e. meaning must).

The terms “formulation” and “composition” as used herein convey the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

The terms “process” and “method” as used herein convey the same meaning and may be used interchangeably.

The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w/w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified.

The term “synergistic”, as used herein, refers to the combined action of two or more active agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

The term “active ingredient” (a.i.) or “active agent” used herein refers to component of the composition responsible for control of insect pests.

The term “crop” shall include a multitude of desired crop plants or an individual crop plants. The term “control” means to inhibit the ability of pests to survive, grow, feed and/or reproduce, or to limit the pests’ related damage or loss in crop plants. To “control” pests may or may not mean killing the insects although, it may mean killing the pests.

As used herein, the term “fungicide”, refers to any chemical substance used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores.

As used herein, the term “insecticide” or “pesticide”, refers to any chemical substance used to destroy/kill, inhibit or otherwise adversely affect the insect pests.

As used herein, the term “pyridine-based pesticide”, refers to any chemical substance used is effective against a variety of insects.

As used herein, the term “polymer-based dispersant”, refers to any chemical substance used to provide optimal dispersion and enhance stability of the composition.

Accordingly, the present invention aims to provide a stable synergistic agrochemical composition comprising at least three active compounds selected from at least one strobilurin, at least one neonicotinoid, and at least one pyridine-based pesticide.

In an embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic composition comprising of at least one strobilurin, at least one neonicotinoid, and at least one pyridine-based pesticide, and a process of preparation thereof.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises of (a) at least one strobilurin in an amount in the range of 0.1-80% by weight, (b) at least one neonicotinoid in an amount in the range of 0.1-80% by weight, and (c) at least one pyridine-based pesticide in an amount in the range of 0.1-80% by weight.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the strobilurin fungicide is selected from at least one of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and kresoxim-methyl.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the strobilurin fungicide is present in an amount in the range of 0.1-80%, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50%, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight of the composition.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the neonicotinoid is acetamiprid present in an amount in the range of 0.1-80%, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50%, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight of the composition.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the pyridine-based pesticide is pyriproxyfen present in an amount in the range of 0.1-80%, preferably in the range of 1 to 50%, more preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by weight of the composition.

In another embodiment, the composition may comprise of at least one strobilurin fungicide in an amount in the range of 0.1-30%; at least one neonicotinoid in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight and at least one pyridine-based pesticide in an amount in the range of 1 to 30% by weight.

In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic agrochemical composition comprising of at least one strobilurin, acetamiprid, and at least one pyridine-based pesticide.

In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic agrochemical composition comprising of at least one strobilurin, at least one neonicotinoid, and pyriproxyfen.

In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic composition comprising of (a) at least one strobilurin compound selected from at least one azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and kresoxim-methyl; (b) acetamiprid; and (c) pyriproxyfen.

In anotherembodiment of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises (a) azoxystrobin, (b) acetamiprid, and (c) pyriproxyfen.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises (a) trifloxystrobin, (b) acetamiprid, and (c) pyriproxyfen.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises (a) pyraclostrobin, (b) acetamiprid, and (c) pyriproxyfen.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises (a) kresoxim-methyl, (b) acetamiprid, and (c) pyriproxyfen.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic composition further comprises at least one stabilizer, at least one polymer-based dispersant and at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the stabilizer may be present in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 20%, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 15%, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 12%.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the polymer-based dispersant is present in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 20%, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 15%, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 12%.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the polymer-based dispersant is selected from the group comprising of calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium lignosulfonate, magnesium lignosulfonate or any combination thereof.

In an embodiment, the stabilizer may be selected from Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), starch, cellulose, or any combination thereof.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic composition comprises of (a) at least one strobilurin compound selected from at least one azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and kresoxim-methyl in the range of 0.1- 50% by weight of the composition; (b) acetamiprid in the range of 0.1- 50% by weight of the composition; (c) pyriproxyfen in the range of 1- 50% by weight of the composition; (d) at least one stabilizer in the range of 0.1 to 15% by weight of the composition; (e ) at least one polymer-based dispersant in the range of 0.1 to 15% by weight of the composition; and (f) one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

In another embodiment, the synergistic composition comprises of (a) at least one strobilurin compound selected from at least one azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and kresoxim-methyl in the range of 0.1- 30% by weight of the composition; (b) acetamiprid in the range of 0.1- 30% by weight of the composition; (c) pyriproxyfen in the range of 1- 30% by weight of the composition; (d) at least one stabilizer in the range of 0.1 to 12% by weight of the composition; (e ) at least one polymer-based dispersant in the range of 0.1 to 12% by weight of the composition; and (f) one or more agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

The inventors have surprisingly found that the composition at the aforementioned weight percentage ranges provides synergistic effect.

In another exemplary embodiment, the synergistic composition of the present invention may be formulated as Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Nano-emulsion, Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the agriculturally acceptable excipient may be selected from the group comprising carrier(s), binder(s), disintegrating agent(s), dispersants or dispersing agent(s), wetting agents, pH modifier(s), thickener(s), biocide(s), preservative(s), anti-freezing agent(s), colorant(s), defoamer(s), emulsifier(s), co-solvents and/or solvents or any combination thereof.
A dispersant, also known as a dispersing agent, is a substance that adsorbs onto the surface of particles, preserving their dispersion and preventing them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to aid in particle dispersion and suspension during manufacturing, as well as to ensure particles re-disperse in water in a spray tank. They're a common ingredient in wettable powders, suspension concentrates, and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants used as dispersants have the ability to strongly adsorb onto a particle surface and offer a charged or steric barrier to particle re-aggregation. Surfactants that are often employed are anionic, non-ionic, or mixes of the two. Sodium lingo sulphonates are the most often used dispersants in wettable powder compositions.

Emulsifier(s) or emulsifying agent(s) may be selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to Acrylic Co-Polymer Solution, Alcohols, C9-11-iso-, C10-rich, ethoxylated, blend of alkyl aryl sulphonate, nonylphenol, ethoxylated, isobutanol & solvent naphtha (Petroleum) light aromatics, ethopropoxylated polyarylphenol, branched calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonates, tristyryl phenol-polyethylene glycol ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitan mono laurate, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, poly oxyethylenated triglycerides & alcohol ethoxylate/blend polymeric non-ionic surfactants or equivalent, Agnique® BP NP-4030 EO-PO Poly, Agnique® CP 72 L, Agnique® 10 CSO 40-U, Agnique® CSO-20, Agnique® CSO-36 Ethox Castor Oil, Agnique® DDL Dispersant, IG Surf® 2370 SC, IG Surf® 2380.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the emulsifier may be present in the range of 1 to 50% by weight of the composition.

Anti-freezing agent(s) may be selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to glycols, mono-ethylene glycol, di-ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, methoxy polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, glycerine and ethylene glycol. Water-based formulations often cause foam during mixing operations in production. In order to reduce the tendency of foaming; anti-foaming agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foaming agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane while the nonsilicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the anti-freezing agent may be present in the range of 1 to 10% by weight of the composition.

Antifoaming agent(s) may be selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to silicon emulsion based anti-foam agents, Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, Polydimethyl Siloxane, trisiloxane ethoxylates and mixtures thereof.

A wetting agent is a substance that, when added to a liquid, increases its spreading or penetrating ability by lowering the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface it is spreading on. Wetting agent(s) may be selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to alcohols, C9-11-iso-, C10-rich, ethoxylated, and/or blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the wetting agent may be present in the range of 1 to 20% by weight of the composition.

Thickener(s) may be selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, water-soluble polymer and inorganic fine powder, wherein water-soluble polymer such as xanthan gum, arabic gum, welan gum, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxy methylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymer, acrylic polymer, starch derivative or polysaccharide; or an inorganic fine powder selected from high purity silica, bentonite, white carbon. These thickeners may be used alone or in combination thereof.

Preservative may be selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, 20% aqueous dipropylene glycol solution of 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde potassium sorbate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

A carrier is an inert solid or liquid material; the active ingredients or mixtures comprising actives are mixed with the carrier. The carrier helps deliver the active ingredient uniformly. Water, organic solvents, clay, sand, limestone, gypsum, fine powders or granules such as minerals such as kaolin clay, attapulgite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, diatomaceous earth, dioxosilane, oxo(oxoalumanyloxy) alumane, hydrate granules; 4-O-beta-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-glucose, lactose or any combination thereof are used as a carrier.

In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the carrier may be present in the range of 1 to 15% by weight of the composition.

Solvent(s) or co-solvent(s) may be selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to, water, demineralized water (DM); alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, n-octanol, isopropanol ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerine; polyol ethers such as ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone; ethers such as dipropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as normal paraffin, isoparaffin, kerosene, mineral oil; aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, toluene, naphthalene, solvent naphtha aromatic, solvent C9, solvent C10, solvent C12, solvesso 100, solvesso 150, solvesso 200; chlorinated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons such as chloro benzene, chloro ethylene, methylene chloride; esters such as ethyl acetate, diisopropyl phthalate, dimethyl adipate, methyl oleate, methyl tallowate; lactones such as gamma-butyrolactone; amides such as dimethyl formamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-octyl pyrolidone, N, N dimethyl decanamide, N,N-Dimethyl heptanamide, N,N-diethyl heptanamide, N,N-Dimethyl octanamide, N,N-Diethyl octanamide, N,N-dimethyl nonanamide, N,N-Diethyl nonanamide, N,N-Diethyl decanamide, N,NDimethyl undecanamide, N,N-Diethyl undecanamide, N,N-Dimethyl dodecanamide, N,N-Diethyl dodecanamide; nitriles such as acetonitrile; organo sulfur compounds.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the solvent may be present in the “Quantum Satis” i.e., Q.S quantity.

In another exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a process for preparing a synergistic composition comprising the steps of (a) transferring a solvent in a beaker, (b) adding at least one strobilurin fungicide, at least one neonicotinoid, at least one pyridine-based pesticide and a stabilizer in the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution; (c) adding and mixing water, a polymer-based dispersant and an anti-freezing agent to obtain a mixture; (d) stirring the mixture obtained in step (c) till uniform dissolution; (e) adding the organic phase to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a mixture; and (f) adding a wetting agent to the mixture of step (e) under continuous to obtain a stable emulsion.

EXAMPLES
Below are the various examples for preparing different formulations according to the present invention. However, the below examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Example 1: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) Composition

Example 1(a):
Table 1: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) composition of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 9.2% Azoxystrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen.

S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I. Active 4.8%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 8.0%
3. Azoxystrobin A.I. Active 9.2%
4. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 1.0%
5. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based dispersant 0.2%
6. Propylene glycol Anti-freezing agent 2.0%
7. Blend Of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Wetting agent 15.0%
8. Water Carrier 2.0%
9. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Prepare a solvent phase by weighing accurately the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and transferring it to a beaker. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Azoxystrobin, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. The next step involves preparing an organic phase by adding and mixing water, sodium lignosulfonate, and propylene glycol to obtain a mixture. The mixture was stirred for about 20 mins to ensure complete dissolution. Further, organic phase was added to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a mixture. A blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the mixture and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 2: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow to Brown
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.08 g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Dispersible

Table 3: Storage Stability Data
Test Parameters 14 Days @ 25°C 14 Days @ 54°C.
Physical state Clear Transparent Liquid Clear Transparent Liquid
Colour Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Odor Aromatic Aromatic
Acetamiprid A.I %
Pyriproxyfen A.I %
Azoxystrobin A.I % 4.99
8.37
9.50 4.95
8.35
9.50
pH 1 % Aq. Solution 4.62 4.77
Dispersion Stability Stable Stable
Cold stability @ 0ºC for 7 days Passes Passes

The above tables 1-3 disclose a composition comprising Acetamiprid, Azoxystrobin and Pyriproxyfen. The obtained composition, as characterized in Table 2, is a liquid with a yellow to brown colour, aromatic odour, and a pH range of 4.0 to 6.0 in a 1% aqueous solution. The composition has a flash point above 24.5ºC and a 1.08 g/ml ± 0.1 density. Further, the composition exhibits excellent accelerated storage stability, showing positive results for all parameters after 14 days at 25°C and after 14 days at 54°C under accelerated heat storage conditions (AHS). Furthermore, the composition exhibits cold stability at 0°C for 7 days, with no significant changes in its properties, demonstrating its reliability and long-term stability. This stability is achieved by adding a stabilizing agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a polymer-based dispersant, and sodium lignosulfonate to the composition. These agents provided optimal dispersion and stabilization to the composition, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the synergistic composition.

Example 1 (b):
Table 4: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) composition of 4.9% Acetamiprid, 8.5% Azoxystrobin and 9.2% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 4.9%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 9.2%
3. Azoxystrobin A.I. Active 8.5%
4. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 1.3%
5. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based dispersant 0.4%
6. Propylene glycol Anti-freezing agent 3.0%
7. Blend Of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Wetting agent 17.0%
8. Water Carrier 3.0%
9. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Prepare a solvent phase by weighing accurately the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and transferring it to a beaker. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Azoxystrobin, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. The next step involves preparing an organic phase by adding and mixing water, sodium lignosulfonate, and propylene glycol to obtain a mixture. The mixture was stirred for about 20 minutes to ensure complete dissolution. Further, the organic phase was added to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a mixture. A blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the mixture and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 5: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow to Brown
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.08 g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Dispersible

Table 6: Storage Stability Data
Test Parameters 14 Days @ 25°C 14 Days @ 54°C.
Physical state Clear Transparent Liquid Clear Transparent Liquid
Colour Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Odor Aromatic Aromatic
Acetamiprid A.I %
Pyriproxyfen A.I %
Azoxystrobin A.I % 4.97
9.28
8.55 4.96
9.25
8.55
pH 1 % Aq. Solution 4.65 4.75
Dispersion Stability Stable Stable
Cold stability @ 0ºC for 7 days Passes Passes

Example 1 (c):
Table 7: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) composition of 25% Acetamiprid, 2% Azoxystrobin and 1% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 25.0%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 1.0%
3. Azoxystrobin A.I. Active 2.0%
4. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based Dispersant 0.5%
5. Propylene glycol Anti-freezing agent 5.0%
6. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 0.9%
7. Blend Of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Wetting agent 17.0%
8. Water Carrier 2.0%
9. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Prepare a solvent phase by weighing accurately the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and transferring it to a beaker. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Azoxystrobin, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. The next step involves preparing an organic phase by adding and mixing water, sodium lignosulfonate, and propylene glycol to obtain a mixture. The mixture was stirred for about 20 minutes to ensure complete dissolution. Further, the organic phase was added to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a mixture. A blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the mixture and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 8: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow to Brown
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.08g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Dispersible

Table 9: Storage Stability Data
Test Parameters 14 Days @ 25°C 14 Days @ 54°C.
Physical state Clear Transparent Liquid Clear Transparent Liquid
Colour Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Odor Aromatic Aromatic
Acetamiprid A.I %
Pyriproxyfen A.I %
Azoxystrobin A.I % 25.09
1.08
2.06 25.08
1.07
2.05
pH 1 % Aq. Solution 4.89 4.85
Dispersion Stability Stable Stable
Cold stability @ 0ºC for 7 days Passes Passes

Example 1(d):
Table 10: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) composition of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 9.2% Pyraclostrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 4.8%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 8.0%
3. Pyraclostrobin A.I. Active 9.2%
4. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 2.0%
5. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based Dispersant 0.4%
6. Propylene glycol Anti-freezing agent 3.5%
7. Blend Of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Wetting agent 18.0%
8. Water Carrier 2.0%
9. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Prepare a solvent phase by weighing the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and transferring it to a beaker. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Pyraclostrobin, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. The next step involves preparing an organic phase by adding and mixing water, sodium lignosulfonate, and propylene glycol to obtain a mixture. The mixture was stirred for about 20 minutes to ensure complete dissolution. Further, the organic phase was added to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a mixture. A blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the mixture and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 11: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow to Brown
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.08g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Dispersible

Table 12: Storage Stability Data
Test Parameters 14 Days @ 25°C 14 Days @ 54°C.
Physical state Clear Transparent Liquid Clear Transparent Liquid
Colour Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Odor Aromatic Aromatic
Acetamiprid A.I %
Pyriproxyfen A.I %
Pyraclostrobin A.I % 4.86
8.07
9.26 4.85
8.08
9.24
pH 1 % Aq. Solution 4.78 4.85
Dispersion Stability Stable Stable
Cold stability @ 0ºC for 7 days Passes Passes

The above tables 10-12 disclose a composition comprising Acetamiprid, Pyraclostrobin and Pyriproxyfen. As characterized in Table 11, the obtained composition is a liquid with a yellow to brown colour, aromatic odour, and a pH range of 4.0 to 6.0 in a 1% aqueous solution. The composition has a flash point above 24.5ºC and a 1.08 g/ml ± 0.1 density. Further, the composition exhibits excellent accelerated storage stability, showing positive results for all parameters after 14 days at 25°C and after 14 days at 54°C under accelerated heat storage conditions (AHS). Furthermore, the composition exhibits cold stability at 0°C for 7 days, with no significant changes in its properties, demonstrating its reliability and long-term stability.

Example 1(e):
Table 13: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) composition of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 9.2% Trifloxystrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 4.8%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 8.0%
3. Trifloxystrobin A.I. Active 9.2%
4. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 1.5%
5. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based Dispersant 0.8%
6. Propylene glycol Anti-freezing agent 4.0%
7. Blend Of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Wetting agent 17.0%
8. Water Carrier 1.8%
9. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Prepare a solvent phase by weighing accurately the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and transferring it to a beaker. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Trifloxystrobin, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. The next step involves preparing an organic phase by adding and mixing water, sodium lignosulfonate, and propylene glycol to obtain a mixture. The mixture was stirred for about 20 minutes to ensure complete dissolution. Further, the organic phase was added to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a mixture. A blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the mixture and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 14: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow to Brown
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.08g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Dispersible

Table 15: Storage Stability Data
Test Parameters 14 Days @ 25°C 14 Days @ 54°C.
Physical state Clear Transparent Liquid Clear Transparent Liquid
Colour Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Odor Aromatic Aromatic
Acetamiprid A.I %
Pyriproxyfen A.I %
Trifloxystrobin A.I % 4.84
8.05
9.28 4.82
8.02
9.26
pH 1 % Aq. Solution 4.46 4.61
Dispersion Stability Stable Stable
Cold stability @ 0ºC for 7 days Passes Passes

The above tables 13-15 disclose a composition comprising Acetamiprid, Trifloxystrobin and Pyriproxyfen. As characterized in Table 14, the obtained composition is a liquid with a yellow to brown colour, aromatic odour, and a pH range of 4.0 to 6.0 in a 1% aqueous solution. The composition has a flash point above 24.5ºC and a 1.08 g/ml ± 0.1 density. Further, the composition exhibits excellent accelerated storage stability, showing positive results for all parameters after 14 days at 25°C and after 14 days at 54°C under accelerated heat storage conditions (AHS). Furthermore, the composition exhibits cold stability at 0°C for 7 days, with no significant changes in its properties, demonstrating its reliability and long-term stability.

Example 1(f):
Table 16: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) composition of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 9.2% Kresoxim-methyl and 8% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I. Active 4.8%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 8.0%
3. Kresoxim-methyl A.I. Active 9.2%
4. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizing Agent 1.2%
5. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based Dispersant 0.6%
6. Propylene glycol Anti-freezing agent 4.0%
7. Blend Of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Wetting agent 16.0%
8. Water Carrier 2.0%
9. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Prepare a solvent phase by weighing accurately the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and transferring it to a beaker. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Kresoxim-methyl, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. The next step involves preparing an organic phase by adding and mixing water, sodium lignosulfonate, and propylene glycol to obtain a mixture. The mixture was stirred for about 20 minutes to ensure complete dissolution. Further, the organic phase was added to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a mixture. A blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the mixture and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 17: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow to Brown
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.08g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Dispersible

Table 18: Storage Stability Data
Test Parameters 14 Days @ 25°C 14 Days @ 54°C.
Physical state Clear Transparent Liquid Clear Transparent Liquid
Colour Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Odor Aromatic Aromatic
Acetamiprid AI %
Pyriproxyfen AI %
Kresoxim-methyl AI % 4.87
8.07
9.25 4.84
8.05
9.24
pH 1 % Aq. Solution 4.55 4.82
Dispersion Stability Stable Stable
Cold stability @ 0ºC for 7 days Passes Passes

The above tables 16-18 disclose a composition comprising Acetamiprid, Kresoxim-methyl and Pyriproxyfen. As characterized in Table 17, the obtained composition is a liquid with a yellow to brown colour, aromatic odour, and a pH range of 4.0 to 6.0 in a 1% aqueous solution. The composition has a flash point above 24.5ºC and a 1.08 g/ml ± 0.1 density. Further, the composition exhibits excellent accelerated storage stability, showing positive results for all parameters after 14 days at 25°C and after 14 days at 54°C under accelerated heat storage conditions (AHS). Furthermore, the composition exhibits cold stability at 0°C for 7 days, with no significant changes in its properties, demonstrating its reliability and long-term stability.

Example 1(g):
Table 19: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) composition of 5% Acetamiprid, 12% Azoxystrobin and 12% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 5%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 12.0%
3. Azoxystrobin A.I. Active 12.0%
4. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 2.0%
5. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based Dispersant 0.3%
6. Propylene glycol Anti-freezing agent 3.0%
7. Blend Of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Wetting agent 16.0%
8. Water Carrier 2.0%
9. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent Q.S.

Table 20: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow to Brown
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.08g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Dispersible

Table 21: Storage Stability Data
Test Parameters 14 Days @ 25°C 14 Days @ 54°C.
Physical state Clear Transparent Liquid Clear Transparent Liquid
Colour Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Odor Aromatic Aromatic
Acetamiprid AI %
Pyriproxyfen AI %
Azoxystrobin AI % 5.05
12.07
12.05 5.04
12.05
12.06
pH 1 % Aq. Solution 4.75 4.82
Dispersion Stability Stable Stable
Cold stability @ 0ºC for 7 days Passes Passes

Example 1(h):
Table 22: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) composition of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 15% Trifloxystrobin and 5% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 4.8%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 5.0%
3. Trifloxystrobin A.I. Active 15%
4. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 1.5%
5. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based Dispersant 0.4%
6. Propylene glycol Anti-freezing agent 5.0%
7. Blend Of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Wetting agent 18.0%
8. Water Carrier 2.0%
9. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent Q.S.

Table 23: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow to Brown
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.08g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Dispersible

Table 24: Storage Stability Data
Test Parameters 14 Days @ 25°C 14 Days @ 54°C.
Physical state Clear Transparent Liquid Clear Transparent Liquid
Colour Brownish yellow Brownish yellow
Odor Aromatic Aromatic
Acetamiprid AI %
Pyriproxyfen AI %
Trifloxystrobin AI % 4.87
5.08
15.05 4.86
5.07
15.02
pH 1 % Aq. Solution 4.82 4.97
Dispersion Stability Stable Stable
Cold stability @ 0ºC for 7 days Passes Passes

Example 2: Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) Composition

Example 2(a):
Table 25: Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) composition of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 9.2% Azoxystrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 4.8%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 8.0%
3. Azoxystrobin A.I. Active 9.2%
4. Blend of Alkyl Aryl Sulphonate, Nonylphenol, ethoxylated, Isobutanol & Solvent Naphtha (Petroleum) light aromatics Emulsifier 15.0%
5. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Co-Solvent 25.0%
6. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 0.5%
7. Solvent C-9 Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Weigh the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and C-9 solvent in a beaker and stir the mixture. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Azoxystrobin, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. Further, a blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the solution and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 26: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Emulsion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.0g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Emulsifiable

Example 2(b):
Table 27: Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) composition of 4% Acetamiprid, 4.5% Pyraclostrobin and 9% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 4.0%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 9.0%
3. Pyraclostrobin A.I. Active 4.5%
4. Blend of Alkyl Aryl Sulphonate, Nonylphenol, ethoxylated, Isobutanol & Solvent Naphtha (Petroleum) light aromatics Emulsifier 17.0%
5. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Co-Solvent 26.0%
6. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 0.5%
7. Solvent C-9 Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Weigh the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and C-9 solvent in a beaker and stir the mixture. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Pyraclostrobin, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. Further, a blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the solution and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 28: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Emulsion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20? g/ml 1.0g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Emulsifiable

Example 2(c):
Table 29: Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) composition of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 8.2% Trifloxystrobin and 7% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 4.8%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 7.0%
3. Trifloxystrobin A.I. Active 8.2%
4. Blend of Alkyl Aryl Sulphonate, Nonylphenol, ethoxylated, Isobutanol & Solvent Naphtha (Petroleum) light aromatics Emulsifier 18.0%
5. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Co-Solvent 28.0%
6. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 0.8%
7. Solvent C-9 Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Weigh the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and C-9 solvent in a beaker and stir the mixture. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Trifloxystrobin, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. Further, a blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the solution and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 30: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Emulsion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.0g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Emulsifiable

Example 2(d):
Table 31: Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) composition of 5% Acetamiprid, 7% Kresoxim-methyl and 8% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 5.0%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 8.0%
3. Kresoxim-methyl A.I. Active 7.0%
4. Blend of Alkyl Aryl Sulphonate, Nonylphenol, ethoxylated, Isobutanol & Solvent Naphtha (Petroleum) light aromatics Emulsifier 17.0%
5. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Co-Solvent 29.0%
6. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 0.7%
7. Solvent C-9 Solvent Q.S.

Process for preparation of the composition: Weigh the required amount of N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and C-9 solvent in a beaker and stir the mixture. Next, Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, Kresoxim-methyl, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were added to the solvent under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution. Further, a blend of alkyl phenol ethoxylate was added to the solution and stirred for another 20 minutes to ensure thorough dispersion and uniform emulsification.

Table 32: Physiochemical Properties of the composition
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Emulsion Stability Stable
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.0g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Emulsifiable

Example 3: Nano-Emulsion Composition

Table 33: Nano-Emulsion composition of 4% Acetamiprid, 5% Azoxystrobin and 6% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I. Active 4.0%
2. Pyriproxyfen A. I Active 6.0%
3. Azoxystrobin A.I. Active 5.0%
4. Ethopropoxylated Polyarylphenol Emulsifier 25.0%
5. Branched calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonates Emulsifier 5.00%
6. Naphtha aromatic Solvent Solvent 8.00%
7. Alcohols, C9-11-iso-, C10-rich, ethoxylated Emulsifier 10.0%
8. Mono-ethylene Glycol Anti-freezing agent 7.0%
9. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based Dispersant 1.0%
10. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 2%
11. Water Carrier 3.0%
12. N-Methylpyrrolidone Co-solvent QS

Process for preparation of the composition: Prepare an aqueous phase by weighing sodium lignosulfate and polyvinylpyrrolidone in a beaker and adding water, followed by stirring the mixture for 10 mins. An organic phase was prepared by dissolving Acetamiprid, Azoxystrobin and Pyriproxyfen into N-Methylpyrrolidone. Next, an emulsifier and Mono-ethylene Glycol were added to the mixture and stirred for about 20 minutes to obtain a homogeneous solution. Further, the organic phase was added to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a stable Nano-emulsion composition.

Example 4: Micro-Emulsion (ME) Composition

Table 34: Micro-Emulsion (ME) composition of 3.5% Acetamiprid, 5.2% Trifloxystrobin and 6.5% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I. Active 3.5%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 6.5%
3. Trifloxystrobin A.I. Active 5.2%
4. Tristyryl phenol-polyethylene glycol ether Emulsifier 17.00%
5. Branched calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonates Emulsifier 3.00%
6. Naphtha aromatic Solvent Solvent 6.00%
7. Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Mono Laurate Emulsifier 9.00%
8. Propylene Glycol Anti-freezing agent 6.00%
9. Sodium Lignosulfonate Polymer based dispersant 0.2%
10. Polyvinylpyrrolidone Stabilizer 1.5%
11. Water Carrier 10.00%
12. N-Methylpyrrolidone Co-solvent QS

Process for preparation of the composition: Prepare an aqueous phase by weighing sodium lignosulfate and polyvinylpyrrolidone in a beaker and adding water, followed by stirring the mixture for 10 mins. An organic phase was prepared by dissolving Acetamiprid, Trifloxystrobin and Pyriproxyfen into N-methylpyrrolidone. Next, an emulsifier and propylene glycol were added to the mixture and stirred for about 20 minutes to obtain a homogeneous solution. Further, the organic phase was added to the solvent phase under continuous stirring to obtain a stable Nano-emulsion composition.

Example 5: Composition without stabilizer and polymer-based dispersant.

Example 5(a):
Table 35: Dispersible Concentrate (DC) composition of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 9.2% Azoxystrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 4.8%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 8.0%
3. Azoxystrobin A.I. Active 9.2%
4. Blend Of Alkyl Phenol Ethoxylate Wetting agent 15.0%
5. Water Carrier 2.0%
6. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Solvent Q.S.

Table 36: Physiochemical Properties of the composition without stabilizer and polymer-based dispersant
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow to Brown
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Failed. Crystal observed at bottom
5. pH (1% aqua sol.) 4.0 – 6.0
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.08g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Dispersible

Example 5(b):
Table 37: Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) composition of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 9.2% Azoxystrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen
S. No. Ingredients Function Quantity In % W/W
1. Acetamiprid A.I Active 4.8%
2. Pyriproxyfen A.I. Active 8.0%
3. Azoxystrobin A.I. Active 9.2%
4. Ethoxylated Tristyrylphenol
& Calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate & 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Emulsifier 15.0%
5. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Co-Solvent 25.0%
6. Solvent C-9 Solvent Q.S.

Table 38: Physiochemical Properties of the composition without stabilizer and polymer-based dispersant
S. No. Test Parameters Specifications
1. Physical state Liquid
2. Colour Yellow
3. Odor Aromatic
4. Dispersion Stability Failed. Crystal observed at bottom
6. Flash point Above 24.5ºC
7. Density at 20 ? g/ml 1.0 g/ml ± 0.1
8. Solubility with water Emulsifiable

As evident from Tables 35 to 38, the composition without stabilizer and polymer-based dispersant showed unfavourable results for stability. Crystallization was observed at the bottom after storing the composition for 14 days at 25°C 54°C. This physical change negatively impacted the composition due to increased particle size and reduced dispersion. In contrast, the present invention composition possessed optimal dispersion and better stability, thereby improving its overall performance.

Example 6: Evaluation of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 9.2% Azoxystrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen DC composition for bio-efficacy against Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) & Alternaria leaf spot in Cotton crop.

TRIAL 1: Experimental Details
Season Kharif
Location Rama Mandi Bathinda (PB)
Crop Cotton
Age of Crop 68 Days
Temperature Range during Trial 29-40?
Variety RCH-926
Single plot size 25 m2
Date of Transplanting/Sowing 16/05/2024
Number of applications 01
Date of application 24/07/2024
Target Pest Whitefly & Alternaria Leaf spot
Method of application Foliar

Table 39: Treatment Details
S. No. Treatments Active Ingredient (A.I) (gm/ha) Dose (ml/ha)
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 60+100+115gm 1250 ml
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 60+100gm 300+1000 ml
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 100+115gm 1000+500 ml
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 60 + 115 300 +500ml
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 60 gm 300 ml
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 100 gm 1000 ml
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 115 gm 500 ml
IE8 Control - -

Observation & Methodology
• The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized block design and replicated thrice with a single plot area of 25 m2. The test sample as per the treatment schedule applied at pest appearance by using 500 litres of water per hectare using a knapsack sprayer.
• Pre count was taken prior to the spray conduction. Pests count was recorded from (Area of observation) randomly selected 5 plants per replication and from three leaves per plant.
• Post spray application pest count was recorded at 3rd, 7th & 10th days after spray whereas observation for Alternaria disease incidence was recorded at 5th, 10th & 15th days after spray Application. Percent reduction in Pest Population was calculated by using a formula given by Henderson and Tilton as under.
• Percent reduction in Population = 100 × (1-Ta × Cb) / Tb × Ca, where
Ta = Number of insects after treatment,
Tb = Number of insects before treatment,
Ca = Number of insects in untreated check after treatment,
Cb = Number of insects in untreated check before treatment.
• A disease rating scale is also provided for evaluating the per cent disease control & PDI by using disease rating scale

Disease Rating scale:
Rating Scale Disease severity & Description
0 No of lesions / discoloration
1 1% area covered with lesions / spots / discoloration
3 1-10% area covered with lesions / spots / discoloration
5 10-25% area covered with lesions / spots / discoloration
7 25-50% area covered with lesions / spots / discoloration
9 > 50% area covered with lesions / spots / discoloration

The scored data will convert into per cent disease index (PDI) using formula given below. The PDI will be subject to statistical analysis.
Percent Disease Incidence (PDI) = Sum of infected Numerical ratings × 100
Total no. of plants × maximum rating scale
Percent disease reduction over control (PDC) was calculated by using the formula given below:

Percent disease reduction over control = PDI of control – PDI of treatment × 100
PDI of treatment

Table 40: Effect of different treatments against Cotton Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Cotton Whitefly
Corrected Per cent control
Pre count (Avg. pest count per leaf) 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 16.40 81.99 85.36 85.57
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 17.07 76.84 79.64 80.98
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 17.07 71.32 72.86 74.75
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 16.13 67.65 68.93 68.20
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 16.00 65.44 65.00 64.92
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 16.40 63.97 67.86 70.49
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500 ml 16.67 29.41 33.21 31.80
IE8 Control - 16.27 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 41: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

S. No.
Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) Corrected percent (%) control
Observed Expected Ratio Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 85.36 63.18 1.35 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 79.64 88.75 0.89 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 72.86 78.53 0.92 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 68.93 76.72 0.89 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 60
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 67.86
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500ml 33.21

The effectiveness of the present invention composition against Cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) nymph and adults in cotton crops was measured as the percentage reduction of whitefly over the control at different intervals, i.e., 3, 7, and 10 days after application (DAA). Tables 41 and 42 show that the present invention composition (Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2%) at a dose of 1250 ml/ha resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving a percent reduction of 85.36% at 7 DAA and 85.57% at 10 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Table 42: Effect of different treatments against Alternaria leaf spot of Cotton.
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Alternaria leaf spot of cotton.
Percent Disease Control (PDC)
Before Spray PDI 5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 11.11 74.60 81.61 88.15
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 11.85 14.29 18.39 25.19
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 11.85 61.90 71.26 78.52
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 11.11 60.32 70.11 77.78
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 11.85 9.52 20.69 19.26
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 13.33 3.17 18.39 20.74
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500 ml 11.85 58.73 70.11 75.56
IE8 Control - 12.59 0.00 0.00 0.00

PDC- Percent Disease Control, PDI-Percent Disease index

Table 43: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Alternaria leaf spot of Cotton
S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) % Percent Disease Control
Observed Expected Ratio
Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 88.15 78.32 1.15 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 25.19 36.01 0.70 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 78.52 80.26 0.98 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 77.78 80.63 0.96 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 19.26 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 20.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500 ml 75.56 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 43 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving percent disease control of 81.61% at 10 DAA and 88.15% at 15 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Example 7: Evaluation of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 9.2% Azoxystrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen DC composition for bio-efficacy against Whitefly & Alternaria leaf spot in Cabbage crop.
TRIAL 2: Experimental Details
Season Kharif 2024
Location Village-Duradundi, Tq- Gokak, Dist-Belagavi, Karnataka
Crop Cabbage
Age of Crop 25 Days
Temperature Range during Trial 27-38?
Variety RING (Chiguru Seeds)
Single plot size 25 m2
Date of Transplanting/Sowing 21/07/2024
Number of applications 01
Date of application 14/08/2024
Target Pest Whitefly & Alternaria Leaf spot
Method of application Foliar

Table 44: Effect of different treatments against Cabbage Whitefly
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Cabbage Whitefly
Corrected Per cent Control
Pre count (Avg. pest count per leaf) 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 37.47 87.13 92.76 90.41
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 39.93 81.48 87.48 83.83
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 39.27 68.29 74.21 67.10
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 37.00 67.35 72.85 61.80
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 37.13 64.36 68.93 58.80
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 39.33 66.56 72.40 62.80
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500 ml 40.20 21.82 12.82 14.74
IE8 Control - 39.80 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 45: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Cabbage Whitefly.

S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) % Reduction over control
Observed Expected Ratio Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 90.41 76.05 1.19 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 83.83 84.67 0.99 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 67.10 68.28 0.98 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 61.80 64.87 0.95 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 58.80 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 62.80 0 0 0
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500 ml 14.74 0 0 0

The effectiveness of the present invention composition against cabbage whiteflies was measured as the percentage reduction of whiteflies over the control at different intervals, i.e., 3, 7, and 10 days after application (DAA). Table 45 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% at dose 1250 ml/ha resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving a percent reduction of 92.76% at 7 DAA and 90.41% at 10 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Table 46: Effect of different treatments against Alternaria leaf spot of Cabbage.
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Alternaria leaf spot of cabbage.
Percent Disease Control (PDC)
Before Spray PDI 5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 13.33 73.13 81.05 86.67
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 14.81 19.40 25.26 25.19
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 15.56 59.70 71.58 80.00
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 + 500ml 14.81 58.21 69.47 79.26
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 15.56 14.93 18.95 17.78
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 14.07 8.96 16.84 17.78
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500ml 15.56 55.22 68.42 78.52
IE8 Control - 15.56 0.00 0.00 0.00

PDC- Percent Disease Control, PDI - Percent Disease index

Table 47: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Alternaria leaf spot of Cabbage
S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) % Percent Disease Control
Observed Expected Ratio Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 86.67 80.51 1.12 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 25.19 32.40 0.78 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 80.00 82.34 0.97 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 79.26 82.34 0.96 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 17.78 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 17.78 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500 ml 78.52 0.00 0.00 0.00
Table 47 shows that the present invention composition having Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving per cent disease control of 81.05% at 10 DAA and 86.67% at 15 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Example 8: Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of synergistic composition comprising Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, and Azoxystrobin in cotton & cabbage crop

Visual observations were recorded at 7, 14 and 21 days after the application (DAA) of the tested product. The parameters observed were leaf injury on tip/surface, stunting, necrosis, chlorosis, vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty and wilting based on the 0-10 scale in the table below. A total of 20 plants per plot were observed.

Table 48: Phytotoxicity symptoms scoring and rating for leaf injury on tip/surface
?Leaf injury on tips /surface? Rating
0%? 0?
1-10%? 1?
11-20%? 2?
21-30%? 3?
31-40%? 4?
41-50%? 5?
51-60%? 6?
61-70%? 7?
71-80%? 8?
81-90%? 9?
91-100%? 10?

Table 49: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 7 DAA?at recommended dose
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 7 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 50: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 14 DAA?at recommended dose
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 14 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 51: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 21 DAA?at recommended dose
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 21 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 1250 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000+500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 300 +500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 52: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 7 DAA?at double dose (2X)
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 7 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 2500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 600+2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 2000+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 600 +1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 600 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?
Table 53: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 14 DAA?at double dose (2X)
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 14 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 2500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 600+2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 2000+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 600 +1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 600 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 54: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 21 DAA?at double dose (2X)
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 21 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Azoxystrobin 9.2% DC 2500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 600+2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Azoxystrobin 23% SC 2000+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 600 +1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 600 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Azoxystrobin 23% SC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Tables 49 to 54 above evidence that the application of Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, and Azoxystrobin in all doses showed no phytotoxicity symptoms like leaf injury on tips, leaf injury on the surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty in cotton and cabbage crop. Further, as evident from tables 52, 53 and 54, the application of Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, and Azoxystrobin at even double doses shows no phytotoxicity. Thus, applying the present invention composition may be considered completely safe for crops.

Example 9: Evaluation of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 8% Trifloxystrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen DC composition for bio-efficacy against Whitefly and Alternaria leaf spot in Cotton crop.

TRIAL 3: Experimental Details
Season Kharif
Location Rama Mandi Bathinda (PB)
Crop Cotton
Age of Crop 68 Days
Temperature Range during Trial 29-40?
Variety RCH-926
Single plot size 25 m2
Date of Transplanting/Sowing 16/05/2024
Number of applications 01
Date of application 24/07/2024
Target Pest Whitefly
Method of application Foliar

Table 55: Treatment Details
S. No. Treatments Active Ingredient (AI) (gm/ha) Dose (ml/ha)
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% +
Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 60+100+100 gm 1250 ml
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 60+100 gm 300+1000 ml
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 100+100 gm 1000+ 400 ml
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 60 + 100 gm 300 + 400 ml
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 60 gm 300 ml
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 100 gm 1000 ml
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 100 gm 400 ml
IE8 Control - -

Table 56: Effect of different treatments against Cotton Whitefly
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against cotton Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
Corrected Per cent Control
Pre-count (Avg. pest count per leaf) 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% +
Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 22.20 78.16 82.09 82.83
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + 2 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 22.47 73.56 76.58 75.75
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 23.13 69.54 71.63 70.57
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 23.67 65.23 66.12 66.21
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 23.27 64.66 65.29 65.12
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 22.67 63.22 67.77 67.30
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 23.13 24.14 28.93 26.98
IE8 Control Nil 22.53 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 57: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Cotton whitefly
S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) Corrected Per cent % Control
Observed Expected Ratio Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 82.09 66.44 1.23 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 76.58 88.81 0.86 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 71.63 77.09 0.92 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 66.12 75.33 0.87 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 65.29
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 67.77
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 28.93
IE8 Control Nil 0

Table 57 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Trifloxystrobin 8% at dose 1250ml/ha resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving a percent reduction of 82.09% at 7 DAA and 82.83% at 10 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Table 58: Effect of different treatments against Alternaria leaf spot of Cotton.
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Alternaria Leaf spot of Cotton.
(PDC) Per cent (%) Disease reduction over control
Before spray PDI 5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 17.78 70.37 74.19 77.57
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 20.74 24.69 17.20 18.69
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400ml 17.04 65.43 69.89 69.16
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 17.78 62.96 67.74 67.29
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 16.30 27.16 12.90 11.21
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 17.78 19.75 10.75 9.35
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 18.52 62.96 64.52 67.29
IE8 Control Nil 17.78 0.00 0.00 0.00

PDC- Percent Disease Control, PDI-Percent Disease index

Table 59: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Alternaria leaf spot of Cotton.
S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) % Percent diseases reduction over control
Observed Expected Ratio Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% +
Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 77.57 72.26 1.07 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 18.69 19.51 0.96 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 69.16 70.35 0.98 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 67.29 70.96 0.95 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 11.21 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 9.35 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 67.29 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE8 Control - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 59 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Trifloxystrobin 8% resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving per cent disease control of 74.19% at 10 DAA and 77.57% at 15 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Example 10: Evaluation of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 8% Trifloxystrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen DC composition for bio-efficacy against Whitefly & Alternaria leaf spot in Cabbage crop.

TRIAL 4: Experimental Details
Season Kharif 2024
Location Village-Duradundi, Tq- Gokak, Dist-Belagavi, Karnataka
Crop Cabbage
Age of Crop 25 Days
Temperature Range during Trial 27-380 C
Variety RING (Chiguru Seeds)
Single plot size 25 m2
Date of Transplanting/Sowing 21/07/2024
Number of applications 01
Date of application 14/08/2024
Target Pest Whitefly & Alternaria Leaf spot
Method of application Foliar

Table 60: Effect of different treatments against Cabbage Whitefly
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against cabbage Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
Corrected Per cent Control
Pre count
Avg. Pest count/leaf 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 35.47 84.41 90.35 88.33
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 37.73 79.42 85.85 81.86
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 37.07 65.92 72.51 65.26
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 35.07 63.02 70.26 59.21
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 34.87 61.41 66.88 56.54
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 37.07 62.38 70.58 60.20
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 38.00 18.49 10.45 11.67
IE8 Control - 37.40 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 61: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Cabbage Whitefly.
S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) Corrected Per cent Control
Observed Expected Ratio
Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 88.33 76.77 1.15 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 81.86 82.70 0.99 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 64.28 64.84 0.99 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 59.21 61.61 0.96 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 56.54 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 60.20 0 0 0
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 11.67 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0.00 0 0 0

Table 61 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Trifloxystrobin 8% at dose 1250ml/ha resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving a percent reduction of 90.35% at 7 DAA and 88.33% at 10 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Table 62: Effect of different treatments against Alternaria leaf spot of Cabbage.
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Alternaria Leaf spot of Cabbage.
Per cent (%) Disease reduction over control (PDC)
Before Spray PDI 5 DAA 10DAA 15 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% +
Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 13.33 68.12 75.27 78.90
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 13.33 28.99 25.81 31.19
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 13.33 65.22 72.04 74.31
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 14.81 62.32 69.89 72.48
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 14.07 23.19 23.66 31.19
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 13.33 24.64 21.51 29.36
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 11.85 60.87 64.52 69.72
IE8 Control - 12.59 0.00 0.00 0.00

PDC- Percent Disease Control, PDI-Percent Disease index

Table 63: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Alternaria leaf spot of Cabbage.
S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) % Percent diseases reduction over control
Observed Expected Ratio Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 78.90 72.51 1.09 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 31.19 51.39 0.61 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 74.31 78.61 0.95 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 72.48 79.17 0.92 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 31.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 29.36 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400ml 69.72 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE8 Control - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Table 63 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Trifloxystrobin 8% resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving per cent disease control of 75.27% at 7 DAA and 78.90% at 10 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Example 11: Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of synergistic composition comprising Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, and Trifloxystrobin in cotton & cabbage crop
Visual observations were recorded 7, 14, and 21 days after the application (DAA) of the tested product. The parameters observed were leaf injury on tip/surface, stunting, necrosis, chlorosis, vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty, and wilting based on the 0-10 scale given in the table below. A total of 20 plants per plot were observed.

Table 64: Phytotoxicity symptoms scoring and rating for leaf injury on tip/surface
?Leaf injury on tips /surface? Rating
0%? 0?
1-10%? 1?
11-20%? 2?
21-30%? 3?
31-40%? 4?
41-50%? 5?
51-60%? 6?
61-70%? 7?
71-80%? 8?
81-90%? 9?
91-100%? 10?

Table 65: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 7 DAA?at recommended dose
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 7 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 66: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 14 DAA?at recommended dose
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 14 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 67: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 21 DAA?at recommended dose
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 21 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 1000+ 400 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 300 + 400 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 400 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 68: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 7 DAA?at double dose (2X)
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 7 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 2500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 600+2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 2000+ 800 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 600 + 800 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 600 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 800 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 69: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 14 DAA?at double dose (2X)
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 14 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 2500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 600+2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 2000+ 800 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 600 + 800 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 600 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 800 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?
Table 70: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 21 DAA?at double dose (2X)
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 21 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen + Trifloxystrobin 8% DC 2500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 600+2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 2000+ 800 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 600 + 800 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 600 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Trifloxystrobin 25% EC 800 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Tables 65 to 70 above evidence that the application of Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, and Trifloxystrobin in all doses showed no phytotoxicity symptoms like leaf injury on tips, leaf injury on the surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty in cotton and cabbage crop. Further, as evident from tables 68, 69 and 70, the application of Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, and Trifloxystrobin at even double doses shows no phytotoxicity. Thus, applying the present invention composition may be considered completely safe for crops.

Example 12: Evaluation of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 8% Pyraclostrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen DC composition for bio-efficacy against Whitefly & Alternaria leaf spot in Cotton crop.
TRIAL 5: Experimental Details
Season Kharif
Location Rama Mandi Bathinda (PB)
Crop Cotton
Age of Crop 68 Days
Temperature Range during Trial 29-40?
Variety RCH-926
Single plot size 25 m2
Date of Transplanting/Sowing 16/05/2024
Number of applications 01
Date of application 24/07/2024
Target Pest Whitefly
Method of application Foliar

Table 71: Treatment Details
S. No. Treatments Active Ingredient (AI) (gm/ha) Dose (ml/ha)
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 60+100+100 gm 1250 ml
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 60+100 gm 300+1000 ml
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 100+100 gm 1000+500 gm
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 60 + 100 300 + 500 gm
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 60 gm 300 gm
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 100 gm 1000 ml
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 100 gm 500 gm
IE8 Control - -

Table 72: Effect of different treatments against Cotton Whitefly
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Cotton Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
Corrected Per cent (%) control
Pre count 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 19.47 75.16 80.62 80.78
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 20.07 73.27 74.46 75.08
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 ml 20.73 67.92 70.15 70.57
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 ml 21.13 63.84 65.85 65.47
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 22.27 66.35 67.69 66.97
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 20.67 68.55 69.85 68.77
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 ml 20.60 22.01 26.77 24.02
IE8 Control - 20.47 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 73: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Cotton whitefly
S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha)
Corrected per cent control
Observed
Expected
Ratio
Synergy

IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 80.62 67.55 1.19 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 74.46 90.25 0.82 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 ml 70.15 77.92 0.9 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 ml 65.85 76.33 0.86 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 ml 67.69
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 69.85
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 ml 26.77
IE8 Control - 0.00

Table 73 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% at dose 1250ml/ha resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving a percent reduction of 80.62% at 7 DAA and 80.78% at 10 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Table 74: Effect of different treatments against Alternaria leaf spot of Cotton.
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Alternaria leaf spot of cotton
Per cent (%) Disease control (PDC)
Before Spray PDI 5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 14.07 66.67 76.54 74.23
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 14.07 35.09 24.69 12.37
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 gm 13.33 61.40 71.60 65.98
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 gm 14.07 59.65 70.37 64.95
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 gm 13.33 31.58 17.28 10.31
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 14.07 28.07 9.88 6.19
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 gm 14.07 54.39 66.67 64.95
IE8 Control - 17.78 0.00 0.00 0.00

PDC- Percent Disease Control, PDI-Percent Disease index

Table 75: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Alternaria leaf spot of Cotton.
S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) % Disease Reduction over control (PDC)
Observed Expected Ratio Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 74.23 69.68 1.07 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 12.37 15.86 0.78 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 gm 65.98 67.12 0.98 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 gm 64.95 68.56 0.95 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 gm 10.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 6.19 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 gm 64.95 0.00 0.00 0.00
IE8 Control - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 75 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving per cent disease control of 76.54% at 10 DAA and 74.23% at 15 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Example 13: Evaluation of 4.8% Acetamiprid, 8% Pyraclostrobin and 8% Pyriproxyfen DC composition for bio-efficacy against Whitefly & Alternaria leaf spot in Cabbage crop.

TRIAL 6: Laboratory Experimental Details
Season Kharif 2024
Location Village-Duradundi, Tq- Gokak, Dist-Belagavi, Karnataka
Crop Cabbage
Age of Crop 25 Days
Temperature Range during Trial 27-38?
Variety RING (Chiguru Seeds)
Single plot size 25 m2
Date of Transplanting/Sowing 21/07/2024
Number of applications 01
Date of application 14/08/2024
Target Pest Whitefly & Alternaria Leaf spot
Method of application Foliar

Table 76: Effect of different treatments against Cabbage Whitefly
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Cotton Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)
Correct Per cent (%) control
Pre count 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 30.27 82.13 88.59 86.82
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 31.20 77.50 83.60 79.89
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 gm 30.80 63.79 70.90 63.32
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 gm 31.07 61.48 67.85 58.29
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 gm 31.87 59.63 64.79 55.98
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 29.40 60.09 66.24 59.24
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 gm 30.67 16.02 13.02 12.23
IE8 Control - 29.47 0.00 0.00 0.00

Table 77: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Cabbage Whitefly.
S. No. Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) Corrected per cent % control
Observed Expected Ratio Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 86.82 76.14 1.14 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 79.89 82.06 0.97 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 gm 63.32 64.22 0.99 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 gm 58.29 61.36 0.95 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 gm 55.98 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 59.24 0 0 0
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 gm 12.23 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0.00 0 0 0

Table 77 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% at dose 1250ml/ha resulted in the highest efficacy, achieving a percent reduction of 88.59% at 7 DAA and 86.82% at 10 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Table 78: Effect of different treatments against Alternaria leaf spot of Cabbage.
S. No. Treatments Dose ml/ha Effectiveness of present invention against Alternaria leaf spot of cabbage
Per cent (%) Disease control (PDC)
Before Spray PDI 5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 12.59 54.55 70.79 78.51
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 13.33 21.82 29.21 28.10
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 gm 11.85 49.09 66.29 73.55
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 gm 12.59 49.09 65.17 72.73
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 gm 11.85 18.18 24.72 26.45
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 11.85 14.55 22.47 24.79
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 gm 12.59 47.27 65.17 72.73
IE8 Control - 13.33 0.00 0.00 0.00

PDC- Percent Disease Control, PDI-Percent Disease index

Table 79: Synergistic effect of present invention composition against Alternaria leaf spot of Cabbage.

S. No.
Treatment details Dose (ml or gm/Ha) % Disease Reduction over control (PDC)
Observed Expected Ratio Synergy
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 78.51 75.38 1.04 Yes
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 28.10 44.68 0.63 No
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 gm 73.55 79.49 0.93 No
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 gm 72.73 79.94 0.91 No
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 gm 26.45
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 24.79
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 gm 72.73
IE8 Control - 0.00

Table 79 shows that the present invention composition Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% resulted in highest efficacy, achieving percent disease control of 70.79% at 10 DAA and 78.51% at 15 DAA, thereby showing synergy as compared to other treatments.

Example 14: Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of synergistic composition comprising Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, and Pyraclostrobin in cotton & cabbage crop

Visual observations were recorded at 7, 14 and 21 days after the application (DAA) of tested product. The parameters observed were leaf injury on tip/surface, stunting, necrosis, chlorosis, vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty and wilting based on 0-10 scale given in below table. A total of 20 plants per plot were observed.

Table 80: Phytotoxicity symptoms scoring and rating for leaf injury on tip/surface
?Leaf injury on tips /surface? Rating
0%? 0?
1-10%? 1?
11-20%? 2?
21-30%? 3?
31-40%? 4?
41-50%? 5?
51-60%? 6?
61-70%? 7?
71-80%? 8?
81-90%? 9?
91-100%? 10?

Table 81: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 7 DAA?at recommended dose
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 7 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 82: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 14 DAA?at recommended dose
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 14 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 83: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 21 DAA?at recommended dose
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 21 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 1250 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 300+1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000+500 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 300 +500 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 300 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 500 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 84: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 7 DAA?at double dose (2X)
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 7 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 2500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 600+2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 2000+1000 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 600 +1000 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 600 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 85: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 14 DAA?at double dose (2X)
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 14 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 2500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 600+2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 2000+1000 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 600 +1000 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 600 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Table 86: Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on cotton and cabbage crop after 21 DAA?at double dose (2X)
S. No.? Treatment details? Dose Kg/ha? 21 DAA?
L? S? N? C? V? E? H? W?
IE1 Acetamiprid 4.8% + Pyriproxyfen 8% + Pyraclostrobin 8% DC 2500 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE2 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 600+2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE3 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC+ Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 2000+1000 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE4 Acetamiprid 20% SP + Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 600 +1000 gm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE5 Acetamiprid 20% SP 600 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE6 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 2000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE7 Pyraclostrobin 20% WG 1000 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IE8 Control - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*DAA – Days after application, L-Leaf injury on tips/surface, S-stunting, N-Necrosis, C-Chlorosis, V- Vein clearing, E-Epinasty, H-Hyponasty, W-wilting?

Tables 81 to 86 above evidence that the application of Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, and Pyraclostrobin in all doses showed no phytotoxicity symptoms like leaf injury on tips, leaf injury on the surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty in cotton and cabbage crop. Further, as evident from tables 84, 85 and 86, the application of Acetamiprid, Pyriproxyfen, and Pyraclostrobin at even double dose shows no phytotoxicity. Thus, applying the present invention composition may be considered completely safe for crops.

From the foregoing it will be observed that numerous modifications and variations can be effectuated without departing from the true spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the present invention. It is to be understood that no limitations with respect to the specific embodiments illustrated is intended or should be inferred. It should be understood that all such modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but are properly within the scope of the following claims.
,CLAIMS:We Claim:
1. A synergistic insecticidal composition comprising:
a) at least one strobilurin fungicide;
b) acetamiprid; and
c) pyriproxyfen.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
a) at least one strobilurin fungicide is in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight;
b) acetamiprid is in the range of 0.1 to 30% by weight; and
c) pyriproxyfen is in the range of 1 to 30%.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is selected from from azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and kresoxim-methyl.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, comprises at least one excipient, wherein the excipient is selected from the group comprising of polymer-based dispersant, dispersing agent, surfactant, stabilizer, wetting agent, anti-foaming agent, anti-freezing agent, adjuvants, filler, antimicrobial/anti-bacterial agent, thickening agent, emulsifiers blends, solvent, co-solvent or mixtures thereof.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein
the stabilizer is in the range of 0.1 to 12% by weight; and
the polymer based dispersant is in the range of 0.1 to 12% by weight.

6. The synergistic composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the stabilizer is Polyvinylpyrrolidone; and wherein the polymer-based dispersant is selected from the group comprising of calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium lignosulfonate, magnesium lignosulfonate or any combination thereof.

7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Nano-emulsion, Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW)..

8. A process for preparing a synergistic composition, comprising the steps of:
a) adding a required amount of solvent to a beaker;
b) adding at least one strobilurin fungicide, acetamiprid, pyriproxyfen and a stabilizer in the beaker under continuous stirring to obtain a homogeneous solution;
c) adding and mixing water, a polymer-based dispersant and an anti-freezing agent to obtain a mixture;
d) stirring the mixture obtained in step (c) to obtain a uniform solution;
e) adding a wetting agent to the solution of step (d) under continuous to obtain a final composition.

9. The process as claimed in claim 8, wherein said strobilurin fungicide is selected from azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and kresoxim-methyl.

10. The process as claimed in claim 8, wherein said stabilizer is Polyvinylpyrrolidone; and
wherein the polymer-based dispersant is selected from the group comprising calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium lignosulfonate, magnesium lignosulfonate or any combination thereof.