Description:DESCRIPTION
Technical Field
[001] This disclosure relates generally to cooling systems, and in particular to a method and a system for removing heat from a battery pack using a dynamic fluid material.

Background
[002] Heat generation in a battery pack (for example, of a vehicle and in particularly an electric vehicle) is a critical aspect that directly impacts the performance, safety, and lifespan of the battery system. Heat generation in battery packs primarily occurs during charging and discharging processes, as well as under certain operational conditions. Some of the factors that contribute to heat generation in the vehicle battery packs include internal resistance of the battery, charging and discharging currents, chemical reactions occurring in the battery cells, inefficiencies in the charging process, ambient temperature, etc. An uneven temperature distribution inside the battery pack due to local rise of cell temperatures can lead to electrically unbalanced battery cells, and an electric imbalance may lead to a capacity loss of the entire battery pack. This may further lead to overcharge of the affected battery cells during charging, resulting in power losses and increased temperatures. It is essential to maintain the battery pack temperature within 15-35 °C for best performance. However, due to external temperature and temperature due to electrochemical reactions, the cell temperature and this battery temperature can be higher than optimal. This demands an effective battery cooling strategy.
[003] Currently, multiple types of active and passive cooling techniques (for example direct air cooling, liquid glycol cooling, immersion cooling, phase change materials, heat pump, etc.) are being used. However, these techniques either requires extensive electronic control or lack in efficiency.
[004] Therefore, there is a need for effective and efficient solutions for removing heat from the battery packs and providing temperature regulation.

SUMMARY
[005] In an embodiment, a system for removing heat from a battery pack is disclosed. The system may include a cooling jacket defining a flow path corresponding to an arrangement of battery cells in the battery pack, and a ferrofluid coolant configured to flow within the cooling jacket along the flow path. The system may further include a plurality of temperature sensors, each of the plurality of temperature sensors being positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of a plurality of cells of the battery pack. Each of the plurality of temperature sensors may be configured to detect a temperature of the region. The flow path of the cooling jacket passes through the region associated with each set of cells of the battery pack. The system may further include a plurality of electromagnets. Each of the plurality of electromagnets may be associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors. Each of the plurality of electromagnets may be configured to be activated based on a temperature detected by the associated temperature sensor. Activation of an electromagnet causes movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the region in which the associated temperature sensor is positioned. In particular, the activation of an electromagnet may cause accumulation of magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region in which the electromagnet is positioned.
[006] In another embodiment, a vehicle is disclosed that may include a battery pack including an array of battery cells. The vehicle may further include a cooling jacket defining a flow path corresponding to an arrangement of the array of battery cells, and a ferrofluid coolant configured to flow within the cooling jacket along the flow path. The vehicle may further include a plurality of temperature sensors. Each of the plurality of temperature sensors may be positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of a plurality of cells of the battery pack and configured to detect a temperature of the region. The flow path of the cooling jacket passes through the region associated with each set of cells of the battery pack. The vehicle may further include a plurality of electromagnets. Each of the plurality of electromagnets may be associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors. The vehicle may further include a controller communicatively coupled to the plurality of temperature sensors and the plurality of electromagnets. The controller may be configured to receive a temperature value as detected from each of the plurality of temperature sensors, corresponding to the temperature of the associated region, compare the temperature value with a threshold temperature value, and activate an electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets, based on the comparison. Activation of the electromagnet causes movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the region in which the associated temperature sensor is positioned. In particular, the activation of an electromagnet may cause accumulation of magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region in which the electromagnet is positioned.
[007] In yet another embodiment, a method of removing heat from a battery pack is disclosed. The method may include receiving a temperature value as detected from each of a plurality of temperature sensors. Each of the plurality of temperature sensors may be positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of a plurality of cells of the battery pack and configured to detect a temperature of the region. A flow path of a cooling jacket passes through the region associated with each set of cells of the battery pack. A ferrofluid coolant may flow within the cooling jacket along the flow path. The method may further include comparing the temperature value with a threshold temperature value, and activating an electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets, based on the comparison. Each of the plurality of electromagnets may be associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors. Activation of the electromagnet causes movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the electromagnet. In particular, the activation of an electromagnet may cause accumulation of magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region in which the electromagnet is positioned.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[008] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the disclosed principles.
[009] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a system for removing heat from a battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[010] FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a system (corresponding to the system of FIG. 1) for removing heat from the battery pack, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
[011] FIGs. 3A-3B are schematic diagrams of a cooling jacket with the ferrofluid coolant in two different scenarios, in accordance with some embodiments.
[012] FIGs. 4A-4B are schematic diagrams of a system (corresponding to the system of FIG. 1) for removing heat from the battery pack, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[013] FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method of removing heat from the battery pack, in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[014] Exemplary embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever convenient, the same reference numbers are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. While examples and features of disclosed principles are described herein, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed embodiments. It is intended that the following detailed description be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims. Additional illustrative embodiments are listed below.
[015] The present disclosure relates to a method and system for removing heat from a battery pack, for example, battery pack of a vehicle, and more particularly, an electric vehicle. To this end, a dynamic cooling system is provided which uses a dynamic fluid material based on ferrofluids. The dynamic fluid material is filled in a cooling jacket through which it can travel according to external magnetic fields. The dynamic material is circulated around battery cells or cell sets of the battery pack, and heat generated by the battery cells is absorbed by the dynamic fluid material. The magnetic properties of the dynamic fluid material can be controlled using external magnetic fields, that can induce the movement of the fluid and enhance heat transfer.
[016] To direct the flow of magnetic particles in the dynamic fluid material, magnetic field generators (electromagnets) are coupled to temperature sensors which indicate the regions of high temperature buildup within the battery pack. The magnetic field generators (electromagnets) in turn create magnetic field in such a way that the dynamic fluid material travels to the indicated regions and absorbs thermal energy and normalizes the temperature. As such, the dynamic fluid material is capable of locally absorbing the heat and locally cooling down the battery pack. The magnetic ferrofluid material includes nanosized (e.g., smaller than 20 nanometres) Oxides and Hydroxides of Iron, in a carrier medium such as Ester and Lecithin. For example, a composition of the ferrofluid may consist of magnetic nanoparticles such as Hematite (Fe2O3), Magnetite (Fe3O4), Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) or other Oxides coated with surfactants such as Oleic Acid, Silica, Chitosan, Acrylic Acid etc. suspended into the carrier, such as, polar (water) or non-polar (kerosene, mineral oil, silicon oil) liquid.
[017] Referring now to FIG. 1, a schematic perspective view of a system 100 for removing heat from a battery pack 102 is illustrated, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 may include a cooling jacket 104 which may define a flow path corresponding to an arrangement of battery cells in the battery pack 102. The cooling jacket 104 may be positioned in proximity to the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack 102 and may be in contact with the battery cells. The cooling jacket 104 may be manufactured from a heat conductive material, for example, a metal, and be configured in form of an enclosure along the flow path for containing a coolant fluid and allowing the coolant fluid to flow through the enclosure. In particular, the system 100 may include a ferrofluid coolant that may flow within the cooling jacket 104 along the flow path. It should be noted that the ferrofluid coolant is a type of fluid (in particular, a nanofluid) having magnetization properties as well thermophysical properties.
[018] In some embodiments, the ferrofluid coolant may include nanosized magnetic particles in a carrier medium. In particular, for example, the nanosized magnetic particles may be selected from Hematite (Fe2O3), Magnetite (Fe3O4), and Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4). Further, the carrier may be selected from water, kerosene, mineral oil, and silicon oil.
[019] The system 100 may further include a plurality of temperature sensors 106-1, 106-2, 106-3, … 106-n (hereinafter, collectively also referred to as plurality of temperature sensors 106). Each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of a plurality of cells of the battery pack 102. Each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be configured to detect a temperature of the region, such that the flow path of the cooling jacket 104 passes through the region associated with each set of cells of the battery pack 102.
[020] As shown in FIG. 1, the battery pack 102 may include a plurality of battery cells (each battery cell being depicted via a cylinder). In other words, the battery pack 102 may include a plurality of set of cells. Further, each of the plurality of set of cells may be associated with (i.e., occupy) a region of the battery pack 102. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the battery pack 102 may include a plurality of regions R1, R2, R3… Rn, such that each of the plurality of set of cells is associated with a corresponding region. Further, a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of a plurality of cells of the battery pack 102. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the temperature sensor 106-1 may be positioned in the R1, the temperature sensor 106-2 may be positioned in the R2, and so on. Accordingly, each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be associated with a set of cells corresponding to the region in which the temperature sensor is positioned.
[021] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may detect and measure coldness and heat in the associated region and convert it into an electrical signal. For example, each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be a resistance thermometer (that uses resistance of a Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD) element with temperature to measure the temperature), or a thermocouple sensor (i.e. that have two wires made of different metals connected at two points, and a voltage between the two wires reflects the change in temperature), etc.
[022] The system 100 may further include a plurality of electromagnets 108-1, 108-2, 108-3, … 108-n (hereinafter, collectively also referred to as plurality of electromagnets 108). Each of the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors 106. Further, each of the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be configured to be activated based on a temperature detected by the associated temperature sensor. The activation of an electromagnet may cause movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the region in which the associated temperature sensor is positioned. In particular, the activation of an electromagnet may cause accumulation of magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region of magnetic field, i.e. in the region in which the electromagnet (and the associated temperature sensor) is positioned. The accumulation of the magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant may help in efficiently removing heat generated in the region. As mentioned above, the ferrofluid coolant has magnetization properties. Due to the magnetization properties, upon activation of an electromagnet, the ferrofluid coolant may be attracted towards the activated electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets 108.
[023] Therefore, when there is a temperature build up in a particular region due to excess heat generation by the associated set of battery cells, the same may be detected by the associated temperature sensor. This detection by the temperature sensor may then cause the associated electromagnet to be activated, thereby leading to accumulation of the magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region in which the temperature build up has taken place. Due to the accumulation of the magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in that region, rate of heat transfer between the set of battery cells present in that region and the ferrofluid coolant may increase, that may allow for quicker heat removal from the region.
[024] In some embodiments, in order to activate an electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets 108 based on the temperature detected by a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors, the system may further include a controller and a plurality of electrical switches. This is explained in detail, in conjunction with FIG. 2.
[025] Referring now to FIG. 2, a schematic top view of a system 200 (corresponding to the system 100) for removing heat from the battery pack 102 is illustrated, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 200 may include the cooling jacket 104 which may define the flow path corresponding to an arrangement of the battery cells in the battery pack 102. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the cooling jacket 104 may be positioned in proximity to the plurality of battery cells of the battery pack 102. The system 200 may include the ferrofluid coolant that may flow within the cooling jacket 104 along the flow path. The system 200 may further include the plurality of temperature sensors 106, such that each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 is positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of the plurality battery of cells of the battery pack 102.
[026] As shown in FIG. 2, the battery pack 102 may include the plurality of set of cells, such that each of the plurality of set of cells may be associated with (i.e., occupy) a region of the battery pack 102. For example, the battery pack 102 may define the plurality of regions R1, R2, R3… Rn. Further, a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of a plurality of cells of the battery pack 102. The system 200 may further include the plurality of electromagnets 108. Each of the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors 106. Further, each of the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be configured to be activated based on a temperature detected by the associated temperature sensor. The activation of an electromagnet may cause movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the region in which the associated temperature sensor is positioned. In particular, as mentioned above, the activation of an electromagnet may cause accumulation of magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region of magnetic field, i.e. in the region in which the electromagnet (and the associated temperature sensor) is positioned. The accumulation of the magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant may help in efficiently removing heat generated in the region.
[027] The ferrofluid coolant may be configured to enter and exit the cooling jacket 104, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 2. The cooling jacket 104 may be fluidically coupled with a heat sink (not shown in FIG. 2) to remove heat absorbed by the ferrofluid coolant when the ferrofluid coolant flows via the heat sink. In other words, the ferrofluid coolant may continuously flow through the cooling jacket 104 and the heat sink, so that the heat absorbed by the ferrofluid coolant from one or more of the regions associated with one or more sets of battery cells during flow through the cooling jacket is released in the heat sink. Accordingly, cooled ferrofluid coolant is recirculated in the cooling jacket 104 for a next cycle of heat removal.
[028] Referring now to FIGs. 3A-3B, schematic diagrams 300A, 300B of the cooling jacket 104 with the ferrofluid coolant in two different scenarios are illustrated, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 3A, the plurality of electromagnets are not activated, and as such, when the ferrofluid coolant is flowing the cooling jacket 104, nanosized magnetic particles 302 are evenly distributed in the carrier medium. When an electromagnet 304 (of the plurality of electromagnets 108) is activated, as shown in FIG. 3B, the nanosized magnetic particles 302 may be concentrated around the electromagnet 304. Therefore, when there is a temperature build up in the region associated with the electromagnet 304, the same is detected by the associated temperature sensor that may cause the electromagnet 304 to be activated, thereby leading to accumulation of the magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region in which the temperature build up has taken place. Due to the accumulation of the magnetic particles in the region, a rate of heat transfer between the set of battery cells present in that region and the ferrofluid coolant may increase, that may allow for quicker heat removal from the region.
[029] Referring once again to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the system 200 may further include a plurality of electrical switches 202-1, 202-2, 202-3, … 202-n (hereinafter, collectively also referred to as plurality of electrical switches 202). Each of the plurality of electrical switches 202 may be coupled with an associated electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets 108. A turn ON of an electrical switch of the plurality of electrical switches 202 may activate the associated electromagnet. The system 200 may further include a controller 204. Each of the plurality of electrical switches 202 may be communicatively coupled with the controller 204. The plurality of electromagnets 108 may be communicatively coupled with the controller 204, for example, via a wired connection. Alternatively, the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be communicatively coupled with the controller 204 via a wireless connection, such as an RF link, a Bluetooth link, a network interface, a local or wide area network, and other communications channels.
[030] The controller 204 may be configured to trigger an electrical switch of the plurality of electrical switches 202 to activate the associated electromagnet. On particular, the controller 204 may be configured to receive a temperature value as detected from each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106, corresponding to the temperature of the associated region. Further, the controller 204 may be configured to compare the temperature value with a threshold temperature value, and activate an electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets 108, based on the comparison. Activation of the electromagnet may cause accumulation of the magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region in which the associated electromagnet and the associated temperature sensor is positioned.
[031] In a scenario, the controller 204 may receive a temperature value as detected from each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106, corresponding to the temperature of the associated region, and compare the temperature value with a threshold temperature value. For example, when the controller 204 determines that a temperature of the region R2 associated with the temperature sensor 106-2 is greater that the threshold temperature value, the controller 204 may generate a signal for the electromagnet 108-2, to activate the electromagnet 108-2. The controller 204 may then trigger the electrical switch 202-2 to activate the associated electromagnet, i.e. the electromagnet 108-2. As a result, the activation of the electromagnet 108-2 may cause accumulation of magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region R2 in which the temperature sensor 106-2 and the electromagnet 108-2 are positioned.
[032] In some embodiments, the system 200 may further include a battery 208 and an inverter 206. The battery 208, for example, may be one of the existing batteries of the vehicle or a dedicated battery, for providing an electric power to the plurality of electromagnets 108. The inverter 206 may be configured to modulate the voltage and current generated by the battery 208 to suit the requirements of the plurality of electromagnets 108. As will be understood, the plurality of electromagnets 108 may convert the electric power from the battery 208 to create the magnetic field which may be used for directing the flow of the ferromagnetic fluid flowing in the cooing jacket 104.
[033] Referring now to FIGs. 4A-4B, schematic diagrams of a system 400 (corresponding to the system 100) for removing heat from the battery pack 102 are illustrated, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIGs. 4A-4B, the system 400 may include the plurality of electromagnets (only electromagnet 108-1 being shown in FIG. 4A, for reference). Further, the system 400 may include the plurality of electrical switches 202 (only switch 202-1 being shown in FIG. 4A, for reference). Each of the plurality of electrical switches 202 may be coupled with an associated electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets 108. In some embodiments, the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be arranged in parallel, as a particular electromagnet is to be triggered at specific region where there is localized rise in temperature.
[034] In some embodiments, as shown in FIGs. 4A-4B, the system 400 may include a plurality of external casings 402-1, 402-2, 402-3, … 402-n (hereinafter, collectively also referred to as plurality of external casings 402). Each of the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be encased in a respective external casing. For example, the electromagnet 108-1 may be encased in the external casing 402-1. The external casings 402 may provide electrical insulation as well as Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) shielding to the plurality of electromagnets 108. For example, the external casings 402 may be manufactured from electrical and temperature insulating materials, such as polymers and composter materials. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be wrapped on the cooling jacket 102, such that the plurality of electromagnets 108 are enclosed in their respective external casings forming serpentine sections.
[035] In some embodiments, the system 100 may be implemented in a vehicle, for example, a four-wheeled vehicle (i.e. car, trucks and trailers, etc.). As such, the vehicle may include the battery pack 102 which may include an array of battery cells. The vehicle may further include the cooling jacket 104 defining the flow path corresponding to an arrangement of the array of battery cells. The vehicle may further include the ferrofluid coolant configured to flow within the cooling jacket 104 along the flow path. The vehicle may further include the plurality of temperature sensors 106. Each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be positioned in a region associated with the set of cells of the plurality of cells of the battery pack 102. Further, each of the temperature sensors 106 may be configured to detect a temperature of the region. The flow path of the cooling jacket 104 may pass through the region associated with each set of cells of the battery pack 102. The vehicle may further include the plurality of electromagnets 108. Each of the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors 106.
[036] The vehicle may further include the controller 204 communicatively coupled to the plurality of temperature sensors 106 and the plurality of electromagnets 108. The controller 204 may be configured to receive a temperature value as detected from each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106, corresponding to the temperature of the associated region. The controller 204 may be configured to compare the temperature value with a threshold temperature value, and activate an electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets 108, based on the comparison. An activation of the electromagnet may cause accumulation of magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region in which the associated temperature sensor is positioned. Further, the vehicle may include the plurality of electrical switches 202. Each of the plurality of electrical switches 202 may be coupled with an associated electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets 108. Each of the plurality of electrical switches 202 may be communicatively coupled with the controller 204. The controller 204 may be further configured to trigger an electrical switch of the plurality of electrical switches (202) to activate the associated electromagnet, based on the comparison. Further, as mentioned above, the system 400 may include the battery 208 and the inverter 206. The inverter 206 may be configured to modulate the voltage and current generated by the battery 208 to suit the requirements of the plurality of electromagnets 108.
[037] It should be noted that in case of failure of the system 100 in removing heat from battery pack 102, an error notification may be generated and displayed for the user to provide an alert indicative of high temperature build-up in the battery pack 102. In other words, when either of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 or the plurality of electromagnets 108 fail to perform thereby failing in causing movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the region in which high temperature build-up has taken place, the user may be alerted about the same through the error notification. Additionally, the battery management system (BMS) of the battery pack may be configured to perform steps to counter the high temperature build-up, when the system 100 has failed in removing heat from the battery pack 102.
[038] Referring now to FIG. 5, a flowchart of a method 500 of removing heat from the battery pack 102 is illustrated, in accordance with some embodiments. The method 500, for example, may be performed by the controller 204.
[039] At step 502, a temperature value as detected from each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be received (i.e. by the controller 204). As mentioned above, each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of the plurality of cells of the battery pack 102. Further, each of the plurality of temperature sensors 106 may be configured to detect a temperature of the region. A flow path of the cooling jacket 104 may pass through the region associated with each set of cells of the battery pack 102. The ferrofluid coolant flows within the cooling jacket 104 along the flow path. The ferrofluid coolant may include nanosized magnetic particles in a carrier medium. For example, the nanosized magnetic particles may be selected from Hematite (Fe2O3), Magnetite (Fe3O4), and Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), and wherein the carrier may be selected from water, kerosene, mineral oil, and silicon oil.
[040] At step 504, the temperature value may be compared with a threshold temperature value. At step 506, an electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be activated, based on the comparison. Each of the plurality of electromagnets 108 may be associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors 106. Further, the activation of the electromagnet may cause movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the electromagnet. In particular, the activation of the electromagnet may cause accumulation of magnetic particles of the ferrofluid coolant in the region in which the electromagnet is positioned. In order to trigger the electromagnet, additionally, the method 500 may include a step 506A at which an electrical switch of the plurality of electrical switches 202 may be triggered to activate the associated electromagnet, based on the comparison. For example, when the detected temperature is greater than the threshold temperature, the electrical switch may be triggered to activate the associated electromagnet. Thos to this end, each of the plurality of electrical switches 202 may be coupled with an associated electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets 108.
[041] One or more techniques are described above for removing heat from the battery packs of vehicles. By using the dynamic fluid (ferromagnetic) material, the techniques provide for higher thermal conductivity and therefore enhanced heat transfer, thereby improving the cooling effectiveness of the battery pack. Further, the dynamic fluid material is capable of flowing and conforming to complex shapes and structures, which allows for better thermal contact with the battery cells. Furthermore, the techniques provide for minimum thermal resistance between the battery cells and the cooling system, thereby improving overall thermal management.
[042] It is intended that the disclosure and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of disclosed embodiments being indicated by the following claims.
, Claims:We claim:
1. A system (100) for removing heat from a battery pack (102), the system (100) comprising:
a cooling jacket (104) defining a flow path corresponding to an arrangement of battery cells in the battery pack (102);
a ferrofluid coolant configured to flow within the cooling jacket (104) along the flow path;
a plurality of temperature sensors (106), each of the plurality of temperature sensors (106) positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of a plurality of cells of the battery pack (102), and configured to detect a temperature of the region, wherein the flow path of the cooling jacket (104) passes through the region associated with each set of cells of the battery pack (102); and
a plurality of electromagnets (108), each of the plurality of electromagnets (108) associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors (106), wherein each of the plurality of electromagnets (108) is configured to be activated based on a temperature detected by the associated temperature sensor, wherein activation of an electromagnet causes movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the region in which the associated temperature sensor is positioned.

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ferrofluid coolant comprises nanosized magnetic particles in a carrier medium.

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 2,
wherein the nanosized magnetic particles are selected from Hematite (Fe2O3), Magnetite (Fe3O4), and Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4), and
wherein the carrier is selected from water, kerosene, mineral oil, and silicon oil.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1 comprising a plurality of electrical switches (202), wherein each of the plurality of electrical switches (202) is coupled with an associated electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets (108), wherein turn on of an electrical switch of the plurality of electrical switches (202) activate the associated electromagnet.

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4 comprising a controller (204), wherein each of the plurality of electrical switches (202) is communicatively coupled with the controller (204), and wherein the controller (204) is configured to:
trigger an electrical switch of the plurality of electrical switches (202) to activate the associated electromagnet.

6. A vehicle comprising:
a battery pack (102) comprising an array of battery cells;
a cooling jacket (104) defining a flow path corresponding to an arrangement of the array of battery cells;
a ferrofluid coolant configured to flow within the cooling jacket (104) along the flow path;
a plurality of temperature sensors (106), each of the plurality of temperature sensors (106) positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of a plurality of cells of the battery pack (102) and configured to detect a temperature of the region, wherein the flow path of the cooling jacket (104) passes through the region associated with each set of cells of the battery pack (102);
a plurality of electromagnets (108), each of the plurality of electromagnets (108) associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors (106); and
a controller (204) communicatively coupled to the plurality of temperature sensors (106) and the plurality of electromagnets (108), wherein the controller (204) is configured to:
receive a temperature value as detected from each of the plurality of temperature sensors (106), corresponding to the temperature of the associated region;
compare the temperature value with a threshold temperature value; and
activate an electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets (108), based on the comparison, wherein activation of the electromagnet causes movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the region in which the associated temperature sensor is positioned.

7. The vehicle as claimed in claim 6 comprising:
a plurality of electrical switches (202), each of the plurality of electrical switches (202) being coupled with an associated electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets (108), and each of the plurality of electrical switches (202) being communicatively coupled with the controller (204), wherein the controller (204) is further configured to:
trigger an electrical switch of the plurality of electrical switches (202) to activate the associated electromagnet, based on the comparison.

8. A method of removing heat from a battery pack (102), the method comprising:
receiving, by a controller (204), a temperature value as detected from each of a plurality of temperature sensors (106), each of the plurality of temperature sensors (106) positioned in a region associated with a set of cells of a plurality of cells of the battery pack (102), and configured to detect a temperature of the region,
wherein a flow path of a cooling jacket (104) passes through the region associated with each set of cells of the battery pack (102), and wherein a ferrofluid coolant flows within the cooling jacket (104) along the flow path;
comparing, by the controller (204), the temperature value with a threshold temperature value; and
activating, by the controller (204), an electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets (108), based on the comparison, each of the plurality of electromagnets (108) associated with a temperature sensor of the plurality of temperature sensors (106), wherein activation of the electromagnet causes movement of the ferrofluid coolant towards the electromagnet.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
triggering an electrical switch of a plurality of electrical switches (202) to activate the associated electromagnet, based on the comparison,
wherein each of the plurality of electrical switches (202) is coupled with an associated electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets (108).