DESC:FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to synergistic pesticidal composition comprising Iprobenfos and one or more fungicidal or insecticidal compounds. The present invention further relates to a process of preparing the said composition along with one or more inactive excipient and formulation thereof. The present invention also relates to synergistic compositions for the protection of agricultural crops and use thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In agricultural and horticultural crops, the control of plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens and insect pests is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Fungal plant pathogens and insect pests control at minimum doses of pesticides is preferred for ecological considerations, exposure effects of workers, and meeting out cost reduction. This can be achieved effectively by application of pesticide mixture products.

Fluindapyr (chemical name: 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-2, 3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide) is a Broad spectrum and systemic, pyrazolecarboxamide fungicide for control of a broad range of fungal plant pathogens including Asian Soybean rust, Scab, Brown rot blossom blight, Leaf rust, Pink snow mold and Powdery mildew. It is classified under group of Respiration C2, Complex II: Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor (SDHI) of the FRAC mode of action.
Chemical structure of Fluindapyr as shown below:

Iprobenfos, also known as IBP or KITAZIN is a phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor and is classified under group of F2, of the FRAC mode of action. Iprobenfos was developed by Chugoku National Agricultural Experiment Station (Fukuyama), Japan. Iprobenfos is an organic thiophosphate that is the S-benzyl O,O-diisopropyl ester of phosphorothioic acid. Its chemical name is S-benzyl O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate and having chemical structure as below:

There are many compositions of Iprobenfos with other fungicidal or insecticidal compounds used in the art for combating phytopathogenic harmful fungi and/or unwanted insect pests on plants, parts of plants and soil.

However, there is still a need to develop an improved pesticidal combination by combining Iprobenfos with one or more compounds selected from a series of compounds having fungicidal or insecticidal activity, which will provide:
1. First-rate control effect (Synergistic) that cannot be expected on the basis of the activities of the pesticidal compound used alone against phytopathogenic harmful fungi or insect pests or both of them,
2. Increased spectrum of activity,
3. Resistance management,
4. Cost efficiency and
5. Control of phytopathogenic fungi or insect pests or both of them for longer period as compared to the achievable compositions disclosed in prior arts.
6. Plant vigour and yield

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide pesticidal compositions comprising Iprobenfos and one or more fungicidal or insecticidal compounds.

It is another object of the present invention to provide synergistic pesticidal compositions for the protection of agricultural crops comprising:
a) Iprobenfos, and
b) Fluindapyr.

It is another object of the present invention to provide synergistic pesticidal compositions for the protection of agricultural crops comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr, and
c) At least one additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s).

Another object of the present invention is to provide synergistic pesticidal composition comprising Iprobenfos, Fluindapyr, and one or more inactive excipient (s) which improve the yield and plant vigour of the treated plant.

Another object of the present invention is to provide synergistic pesticidal composition comprising Iprobenfos, Fluindapyr, at least one additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s), and one or more inactive excipient (s) which improve the yield and plant vigour of the treated plant.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides synergistic pesticidal composition comprising Iprobenfos and one or more fungicidal or insecticidal compounds.

In one aspect, the present invention provides synergistic pesticidal compositions for the protection of agricultural crops comprising:
a) Iprobenfos, and
b) Fluindapyr.

In another aspect, the present invention provides synergistic pesticidal compositions for the protection of agricultural crops comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr, and
c) At least one additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to pesticidal mixtures of Iprobenfos and one or more fungicidal or insecticidal compounds.

The synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention advantageously exhibits better effectiveness with use of actives at minimum pesticidal application rate or concentration. A minimum application rate reduces not only the amount of an active substance required for the application but generally also reduces the amounts of formulation auxiliaries necessary. Both reduce the economic cost and improve the ecological compatibility of the pesticidal treatment.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agrochemical crops comprising:
a) Iprobenfos, and
b) Fluindapyr.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agrochemical crops comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr, and
c) At least one additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s).

In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of preparing a stable, low toxic formulation of the present invention.

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or pest damage by applying to the plant propagation material a pesticidal composition comprising Iprobenfos and one or more fungicidal or insecticidal compounds.

The method of application of the synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention includes foliar spray, Seed treatment or treatment to planting materials, soil application, and application by drone.

The synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention can be used to protect the crops and plants from undesirable insect, phytopathogenic fungi and other pests. The lists of the major crops includes but are not limited to GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and Non GMO varieties of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maze (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Oat (Avena sativa), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Green gram (Vigna radiata), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilli (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), vegetables: solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper, potato, etc., cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, melon, squash, etc., cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc., asteraceous vegetables such as burdock, crown daisy, artichoke, lettuce, etc, liliaceous vegetables such as green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus, ammiaceous vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnip, etc., chenopodiaceous vegetables such as spinach, Swiss chard, etc., lamiaceous vegetables such as Perilla frutescens, mint, basil, etc, strawberry, sweet potato, Dioscorea japonica, colocasia, etc., flowers, foliage plants, turf grasses, fruits: pome fruits such apple, pear, quince, etc, stone fleshy fruits such as peach, plum, nectarine, Prunus mume, cherry fruit, apricot, prune, etc., citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, rime, grapefruit, etc., nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc. berries such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc., grape, kaki fruit, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconuts, etc. , trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspidate, Chilli, Cole crop etc.

The pesticidal composition of the present invention can be used to control the Insects from the order of the Lepidoptera including rice hoppers, Diamondback moth, Stirped flea beetle, for example cutworm Agrotis ipsilon, sugarcane shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus, sugarcane stalk borer Chilo partellus, sugarcane internode borer Chilo sacchariphagus, paddy/rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, apple colding moth Cydia pomonella, okra fruit borer Earias vittella, Earias insulana, Tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera, tobacco budworm Helicoverpa virescens, corn earworm Helicoverpa zea, cabbage webworm Hellula undalis, Brinjal fruit and shoot borer Leucinodes orbonalis, bean pod borer Maruca vitrata, Maruca testulalis, armyworm Mythimna separata, cotton pinkbollworm Pectinophora gossypiella, citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella, cabbage butterfly Pieris bras-sicae, diamond backmoth Plutella xylostella, paddy stem borer Scirpophaga excerptallis, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, wheat stem borer Sesamia inferens, Sitotroga cerealella, Spilosoma obliqua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Trichoplusia ni, Tryporyza novella, Tuta absoluta.
Beetles (Coleoptera), for example Anthonomus grandis, Bruchus lentis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Popillia japonica.
Flies, mosquitoes (Diptera), e.g. Atherigona orientalis, Calliphora vicina, Dacus cucurbi-tae, Liriomyza trifolii, Melanagromyza obtuse.
Thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Dichromothrips ssp, Frankliniella occidentalis, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci.
Termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis.
True bugs (Hemiptera), e.g. Cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Mango hopper Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus spp., cotton aphid Aphis gossypii, groundnut aphid Aphis crassivora, whitefly Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, red gram bug Clavigralla gibbosa, leaf hopper Empoasca fabae, Lygus pratensis, Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus persicae, Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Pyrilla perpusilla, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Saccharicoccus sacchari, Sitobion avenae, Sogatella furcifera, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiia, Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp.
Arachnoidea, such as arachnids (Acarina/ plant mites), e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma variegatum, Ambryomma maculatum, Boophilus microplus, Eriophyidae spp. such as Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarsonemidae spp. such as Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetra-nychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panony-chus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis; Araneida, e.g. Latrodectus mactans, and Loxos-celes reclusa.
The compositions according to the present invention can also be used for controlling the fungal and bacterial plant diseases as Disease in rice: Blast (Magnaporthe grisea), Blast (Pyricularia oryza), Helminthosporium leaf spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi), Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae) and grain discoloration (dirty panicles caused by Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Drechslera spp., Fusarium spp., Phoma spp. Etc.) Diseases in wheat: powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) , Fusariuin head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale) , rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita) , pink snow mold (Micronectriella nivale), Typhula snow blight (Typhula sp .), loose smut (Ustilago tritici), bunt (Tilletia caries), eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) , leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola), glume blotch (Stagonospora nodorum) , septoria, and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis).
Diseases of barley: powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. hordei), loose smut (Ustilago nuda), scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus), leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea), and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases in corn: smut (Ustilago maydis), brown spot (Cochliobolus heterostrophus), copper spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi), southern rust (Puccinia polysora), gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis), white spot (Phaeosphaeria mydis and/or Pantoea ananatis) and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of citrus: melanose (Diaporthe citri), scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), penicillium rot (Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum), and brown rot (Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora citrophthora).
Diseases of apple: blossom blight (Monilinia mali), canker (Valsa ceratosperma), powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata apple pathotype), scab (Venturia inaequalis), powdery mildew, bitter rot (Colletotrichum acutatum), crown rot (Phytophtora cactorum), blotch (Diplocarpon mali), Premature leaf fall (Marssonina coronaria), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicicola) and ring rot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana).
Diseases of pear: scab (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina), powdery mildew, black spot (Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype), rust (Gymnosporangium haraeanum), and phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophtora cactorum).
Diseases of peach: brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), powdery mildew, scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), and phomopsis rot (Phomopsis sp.).
Diseases of grape: anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), ripe rot (Glomerella cingulata), powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), botrytis, and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).
Diseases of Japanese persimmon: anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki), and leaf spot (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae).
Diseases of gourd: anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea), gummy stem blight (Mycosphaerella melonis), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora sp.), and damping-off (Pythium sp).
Diseases of tomato: early blight (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), and late blight (Phytophthora infestans), Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici), Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria).
Diseases of eggplant: brown spot (Phomopsis vexans), and powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) Diseases of cruciferous vegetables: Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria japonica), white spot (Cercosporella brassicae), clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), and downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica).
Diseases of onion: rust (Puccinia allii), and downy mildew (Peronospora destructor).
Diseases of soybean: purple seed stain (Cercospora kikuchii), sphaceloma scad (Elsinoe glycines), pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), septoria brown spot (Septoria glycines), frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Yellow rust, brown stem rot (Phytophthora sojae), Powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of kidney bean: anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum). Diseases of peanut: leaf spot (Cercospora personata), brown leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii).
Diseases of garden pea: powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi), and root rot (Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi).
Diseases of potato: early blight (Alternaria solani), late blight (Phytophthora infestans), pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica), and powdery scab (Spongospora subterranean f. sp. subterranea).
Diseases of strawberry: powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli), and anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata).
Diseases of tea: net blister blight (Exobasidium reticulatum), white scab (Elsinoe leucospila), gray blight (Pestalotiopsis sp.), and anthracnose (Colletotrichum theae-sinensis).
Diseases of tobacco: brown spot (Alternaria longipes), powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum), downy mildew (Peronospora tabacina), and black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae).
Diseases of rapeseed: Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani). Diseases of cotton: Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of sugar beet: Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), leaf blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris), Root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), and Aphanomyces root rot (Aphanomyces cochlioides).
Diseases of rose: black spot (Diplocarpon rosae), powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa), and downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa). Diseases of chrysanthemum and asteraceous plants: downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), leaf blight (Septoria chrysanthemi-indici), and white rust (Puccinia horiana).
Diseases of various groups: diseases caused by Pythium spp. (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium debarianum, Pythium graminicola, Pythium irregulare, Pythium ultimum), gray mold. (Botrytis cinerea), and Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum).
Disease of Japanese radish: Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicicola).
Diseases of turfgrass: dollar spot (Sclerotinia homeocarpa), and brown patch and large patch (Rhizoctonia solani).
Disease of banana: Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis), Yellow sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola).
Disease of sunflower: downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii).
Seed diseases or diseases in the early stages of the growth of various plants caused by Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Gibberella spp., Tricoderma spp., Thielaviopsis spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Corticium spp., Phoma spp., Rhizoctonia spp. and Diplodia spp.
Disease of Chilli: Die back (Colletotrichus capsici), phy (Phytophthora capsici), Leaf spot (Cercospora spp., and Alternaria spp.) Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica)
Disease of Corn/ Maize: maize leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis), Downy mildew (Peranosclerospora sorghi), Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum and Helminthosporium maydis), Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi), Aspergillus rot / Aflatoxin contamination rot (Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus).
Viral diseases of various plants mediated by Polymixa spp. or Olpidium spp. and so on.

In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention is helpful to the farmers to protect following crops from insect-pest, fungal and bacterial diseases as their incidence always coincide at a time;

Crop Insect Pests Fungal Diseases Bacterial Disease
Paddy/
Rice Stem borer (Scirpophaga
incertulas Walker), Leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis
medinalis), Brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens) Sheath Blight (Rhizoctonia solani), Blast (Pyricularia oryza), brown leaf spot (Helminthosporium oryzae), False smut, (Ustilaginoidea virens),
Grains discoloration (Curvularia spp., Helminthosporium spp., Drechslera spp.), Dirty panicle (Alternaria burnsii, Fusarium clavum, and Fusarium tricinctum). Bacterial leaf blight
(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae)
Chilli Fruit borer complex
(Helicovera armigera, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua),
Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), Die back/ Anthracnose (Colletotrichus capsici), phy (Phytophthora capsici), Leaf spot (Cercospora spp., and Alternaria spp.) Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) -
Tomato Fruit borer (Helicoverpa
armigera) Early Blight (Alternaria solani), Late blight
(Phytophthora spp.), leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum),
Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici) Bacterial spot (Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas gardneri, Xanthomonas perforans, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria)
Apple Woolly aphid, (Eriosoma lanigerum);
San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus;
Codling moth, Cydia (Carpocapsa) pomonella;
Cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchase;
Stem borer, (Apriona cinera) Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), Premature leaf fall (Marssonina coronaria), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria brassicicola) -
Grape Stem girdler (Sthenias grisator);
Grape vein beetle, (Sinoxylon anale) Leaf feeders Flea beetle, (Scelodonta strigicollis);
Leaf roller, (Sylepta lunalis);
Sphingid, (Hippotion celerio);
Sap feeders Thrips Mealy bug (Ferrisia virgate); Mealy bug, (Maconellicoccus hirsutus);
Berry plume moth, (Oxyptilus regulus) Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), Anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina) -

The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the compositions of the present invention i.e. combining Iprobenfos with one or more compounds selected from a series of compounds having fungicidal or insecticidal activity provides:
1. First-rate control effect (Synergistic) that cannot be expected on the basis of the activities of the pesticidal compound used alone against phytopathogenic harmful fungi or insect pests or both of them,
2. Increased spectrum of activity enabling to target a broader range of pests,
3. Pesticide resistance provides a solution for preventing the development of resistance,
4. Cost efficiency, as pesticidal mixtures reduce the amount of each active ingredient needed to achieve the desired result
5. Control of phytopathogenic fungi or insect pests or both of them for longer period as compared to the achievable compositions disclosed in prior arts, and
6. Surprisingly improved plant vigour and yield.

The combination of Iprobenfos with Fluindapyr and/or with other additional fungicides or insecticides plant treatment showed excellent control of pests, demonstrating synergism in both insect and disease control.

Additionally, it has been observed visually that the plants with treatment of Iprobenfos + Fluindapyr and Iprobenfos + Fluindapyr + other additional fungicides or insecticides were showing increase in number of fruits, flowers, grain, tillers and twigs per plant compared to standalone treatment plots of Iprobenfos, Fluindapyr, and other additional fungicides or insecticides.

Therefore, in one preferred embodiment, the present invention provides the synergistic pesticidal composition comprising Iprobenfos and one or more fungicidal or insecticidal compounds. The preferred combinations are presented below in the table:
Sr. No. Active Ingredient (a) Active Ingredient (b) Active Ingredient (c)
1. Iprobenfos Fluindapyr -
2. Iprobenfos Fluindapyr Validamycin
3. Iprobenfos Fluindapyr Isoprothiolane
4. Iprobenfos Fluindapyr Kasugamycin
5. Iprobenfos Fluindapyr Dinotefuron
6. Iprobenfos Fluindapyr Cyclaniliprole
7. Iprobenfos Fluindapyr Pioxaniliprole

The combination ratio of Iprobenfos and Fluindapyr depends on various factors such as, the phytopathogenic fungi, undesired insect pests to be controlled, the degree of infestation, the climatic conditions, the characteristics of the soil and the application method, wherein ratio of Iprobenfos and Fluindapyr is from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably from 1:75 to 75:1, more preferably from 1:50 to 50:1, even more preferably from 1:25 to 25:1, most preferably from 1:15 to 15:1, even most preferably from 1:10 to 10:1; even most preferably from 1:7 to 7:1.

In another embodiment, the combination ratio of Iprobenfos, Fluindapyr and other additional fungicides or insecticides depends on various factors such as, the phytopathogenic fungi, undesired insect pests to be controlled, the degree of infestation, the climatic conditions, the characteristics of the soil and the application method, wherein ratio of Iprobenfos, Fluindapyr and other additional fungicides or insecticides is from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably from 1:75 to 75:1, more preferably from 1:50 to 50:1, even more preferably from 1:25 to 25:1, most preferably from 1:15 to 15:1, even most preferably from 1:10 to 10:1; preferably from 1:7 to 7:1

In one embodiment, the ternary agrochemical composition according to the present invention, wherein the weight ratio of Iprobenfos to Fluindapyr is in the range from 100:1 to 1:100, preferably from 50:1 to 1:50, more preferably from 25:1 to 1:25, even more preferably from 20:1 to 1:20, most preferably from 1:10 to 10:1;including also ratios from 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2, or 1:1. The weight ratio of Iprobenfos to other additional fungicides or insecticides in ternary composition is in the range from 100:1 to 1:100, preferably from 50:1 to 1:50, more preferably from 25:1 to 1:25, even more preferably from 20:1 to 1:20, including also ratios from 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2, or 1:1. The weight ratio of Fluindapyr to other additional fungicides or insecticides in ternary composition is in the range from 100:1 to 1:100, preferably from 50:1 to 1:50, more preferably from 25:1 to 1:25, even more preferably from 20:1 to 1:20, including also ratios from 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2, or 1:1.
In one embodiment, the ternary agrochemical composition according to the present invention, wherein the weight ratio of Iprobenfos, Fluindapyr and other additional fungicides or insecticides is in the range from 100:1:1 to 1:100:1 to 1:1:100, preferably 50:1:1 to 1:50:1 to 1:1:50, more preferably from 25:1:1 to 1:25:1 to 1:1:25, even more preferably from 15:1:1 to 1:15:1 to 1:1:15, most preferably from even more preferably from 10:1:1 to 1:10:1 to 1:1:10.

The composition according to the present invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages of pests, such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pests may be controlled by contacting the target pest, its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally effective amount of the mixtures or the compositions comprising the mixtures of the present invention.

The synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic fungicidal properties for protecting plants. The said composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the pathogens that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops or useful plants, while at the same time those parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by such pathogens.

The composition of the present invention maybe applied simultaneously as a tank mix or a formulation or may be applied sequentially. The application may be made to the soil before emergence of the plants, either pre-planting or post-planting. The application may be made as a foliar spray at different timings during crop development, with either one or two applications early or late post-emergence.

The compositions according to the invention can be applied before or after infection of the useful plants or the propagation material thereof by the phytopathogenic fungi or undesirable insect.

The user may apply the synergistic pesticidal composition according to the invention usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system. Usually, the pesticidal composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the pesticidal composition according to the invention is thus obtained. Usually, 20 to 2000 litres, preferably 30 to 400 litres, of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.

In an embodiment, the composition may be in the form of Wettable powder (WP), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), a water dispersible tablet (WT), Water-soluble tablets (ST), an ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid (UL), an ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Flowable suspension/concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR) Solution for seed treatment (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible Flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (Flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), A mixed formulation of CS en SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS en SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS en EW (ZW), and a range of nano formulation types, including but not limited to nano-emulsions, nano-encapsulations, nano-vesicles, nano-gels, nano-fibres, and the like.

In accordance with an embodiment, one or more agrochemical excipient(s) comprises additive(s), carrier(s), surfactant(s), binder(s), antifreeze agent(s), stabilizer(s), anti-settling agent(s), thixotropic agent(s), preservative(s), glidant(s), solvent(s), water soluble polymer(s), crystallization inhibitor(s), viscosity modifier(s), suspending agent(s), spray droplet modifier(s), spreading/wetting/emulsifying agent(s), compatibilizing agent(s), corrosion inhibitor(s), odorant(s), sequestering agent(s), adjuvant(s), disintegrating agent(s), penetration aid(s), pH adjuster(s), lubricant(s), sticking agent(s), thickener(s), filler(s), diluent(s), defoaming agent(s), solubilizer(s), antioxidant(s), antimicrobial agent(s), buffering agent(s), disintegrant(s), oil(s), and/or coloring agent(s) or combination thereof.

Suitable solvents and liquid carriers in this context are for instance water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, e. g. kerosene, diesel oil, oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols, e. g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol; glycols; dimethyl sulfoxide; ketones, e. g. cyclohexanone; esters, e. g. lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, e. g. N-methyl pyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethyl amides; and mixtures thereof. Suitable solid carriers or fillers are for instance mineral earths, e. g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e. g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e. g. ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e. g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, for instance such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emulsifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant.
Suitable anionic surfactants are for instance alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulphates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylaryl sulfonates, diphenyl sulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl-and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkyl naphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulphates are sulphates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.
Suitable nonionic surfactants are for instance alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide.
Examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are homo- or copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl alcohols, or vinyl acetate.
Suitable cationic surfactants are for instance quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are for instance block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectrolytes are for instance polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinyl amines or polyethylene amines.
The term “wetting agent” as used herein refers to substances which improve the wetting of any surface on which the insects come in contact with. The wetting agent employed in the formulation composition is one or more non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and a mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactants and polymeric surfactants.
Useful non-ionic surfactants that can be used as wetting agents in the present invention include all substances of this type which are typically usable in agrochemical compositions. Non-limiting examples of non-ionic surfactants useful in the present invention include polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymers, polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, reaction products of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, ethoxylated siloxane based non-ionic surfactants, alkyl ethoxylates and alkylaryl ethoxylates, which optionally may be phosphated and optionally may be neutralized with bases, mention being made, by way of example, of sorbitol ethoxylates, and, as well, polyoxyalkylenamine derivatives.
Suitable anionic surfactants include all substances of this type that can typically be used in agrochemical compositions. Non-limiting examples of anionic surfactants useful in the present invention include the group comprising salts of polystyrenesulfonic acids, salts of polyvinylsulfonic acids, salts of naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products, salts of condensation products of naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid and formaldehyde, and salts of lignosulfonic acid and sodium salts of alkylated naphthalenesulfonates, for example ®Morwet EFW, alkoxylated alkyl aryl phosphate esters and their salts thereof, alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of alkyl aryl sulphonates, salts of ethoxylated fatty alcohol sulphates, salts of alkyl aryl sulphates, and the sodium salts of dioctylsulfosuccinic acid, for example ®Aerosol OTB, and block polymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide on ethylenediamine, for example ®Synperonic T 905.
The wetting agents as used herein are selected from a blend of anionic and nonionic surfactants like: (AtloxTM 5406B), polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer (AtloxTM-4894), polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (ATLOXTM-4913), fatty alcohol ethoxylate (TERSPERSETM 4894), di alkyl naphthalene sulphonate sodium salt (SUPRAGILTM WP), ethoxylated TSP-phosphate ester (AGRILANTM 1015), ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer (ATLASTM G-5002L), polyalkylene oxide block copolymer (ATLASTM G-5000), polycondensation product of naphthalene sulfonic acid, which is alkyl Naphthalene sulphonate sodium salt, Polyalkyl Naphthalene sulphonate, alkyl Naphthalene sulphonate (GEROPONTM DA 1349); Aqarius BP14332 Yellow IH, salts of alkylphenol condensates, salts of sulphonated lignins, salts of poly acid resin copolymers, salts of polyphenol formaldehyde resins, phosphoric acid esters of 10 ethoxylated tristyryl phenol (SOPROPHORTM 3D44), tristrylphenol ethoxylate sulfate (SOPROPHORTM 4D384), Tristrylphenol Ethoxylate, POE-16 Phosphate Ester Salt (STEPFACTM TSP-PE N), Tri Decyl alcohol ethoxylates 8 EO (UnitopTM TD 80), Tri Decyl alcohol ethoxylates 10 EO (UnitopTM TD 100), Decyl alcohol ethoxylate, POE-6, (MAKON DA 6), Decyl alcohol ethoxylate, POE-9, MAKON DA 9, Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (Imbirol OT NA), Indol DC 70, Sulfosuccinate (EMULSOGENTM SF 8), Sodium Lignosulfonate (Borrosperse Na), Sodium Lignosulfonate (Ufoxane 3A),amine salt of polyaryl phenyl ether phosphate (SOPROPHORTM FL), Triethanol ammonium salt of tristyryl phenyl ether phosphate (UNITOPTM FL), alkoxylated alkylphenols and alcohols as well as block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
The emulsifying agents comprised in the invention are intended to emulsify the oil or the organic phase and the active ingredient that may be solubilized into said phase when formulations are diluted in spray mixtures, thereby rendering said mixture homogeneous and proper for an application in the field. Thus, an addition of emulsifiers in the agrochemical formulations of the present invention is essential to its final use in pest control. Among the emulsifiers comprised in the present invention are one or more anionic and non-ionic surfactants, such as the calcium alkyl benzene sulphonates, natural or synthetic ethoxylated fatty alcohols, natural or synthetic, ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated and propoxylated short-chain alcohols, EO/PO copolymers, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated castor oil, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, ethoxylated esterified sorbitols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated tristyrylphenols, vegetable oil Polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxythylene polyaryl phenol phosphate (ammonium salt), Castrox 100, Castrox 200, Stepantex CO 36, Stepantex CO 20, Soprophor FLR, Soprophor 3D33, and ethoxylated fatty amines.
Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a negligible or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the compound of formula (I) on the target. Examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxiliaries.
The term “oil” used herein refers to modified vegetable oils obtained by trans-esterifying vegetable oils with short-chain alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol and pentanol, or by esterifying fatty acid fractions derived from the saponification of vegetable oils with the same said alcohols. Non-limiting examples of oil useful in the present invention include soy methyl ester, rapeseed methyl ester, palm methyl ester, palm kernel methyl ester, coconut methyl ester, C8-10 methyl ester, and so forth, each of which can be used individually or in combination.
Suitable thickeners are for instance polysaccharides (e. g. xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose), inorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
Suitable bactericides are for instance bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.
Suitable anti-freezing agents are for instance ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
Suitable anti-foaming agents are for instance silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
Suitable colorants (e. g. in red, blue, or green) are for instance pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e. g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanoferrate) and organic colorants (e. g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants).
Suitable tackifiers or binders are for instance polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.

In the above embodiments, the agrochemical excipient(s) comprises surfactant(s), and other excipients include one or more of surfactant(s), an adjuvants, antifreezing agent, biocide, viscosity modifier, defoamer, colorant/pigment, tackifier or binder, and carrier; wherein the carrier is one or more solvents, water and oil.
In any of the above embodiments, the surfactant includes a wetting agent, a dispersing agent and an emulsifying agent.

In an embodiment, the synergistic pesticidal composition according to the present invention is in the form of liquid formulation or solid formulation.

In an embodiment, the synergistic pesticidal composition according to the present invention comprising:
(a) Iprobenfos in the range of 10 to 80 % (w/w);
(b) Fluindapyr in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(c) an additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s) in the range of 0 to 50 % (w/w);
(d) an agrochemical excipient(s) in the range of 5 to 80 % (w/w);
wherein the total of all the components (a) to (d) in the composition is 100 % (w/w).
In an embodiment, the synergistic pesticidal composition according to the present invention comprising:
(a) Iprobenfos in the range of 10 to 80 % (w/w);
(b) Fluindapyr in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(c) an additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s) in the range of 0 to 50 % (w/w);
(d) a surfactant in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(e) other excipients the range of 5 to 80 % (w/w);
wherein the total of all the components (a) to (e) in the composition is 100 % (w/w).
In an embodiment, the synergistic pesticidal composition according to the present invention comprising:
(a) Iprobenfos in the range of 10 to 80 % (w/w);
(b) Fluindapyr in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(c) an additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s) in the range of 0 to 50 % (w/w);
(d) a surfactant selected from:
i. a wetting agent in the range of 1 to 20 % (w/w);
ii. a dispersing agent in the range of 1 to 20 % (w/w);
iii. an emulsifying agent in the range of 1 to 20 % (w/w);
(e) other excipients are selected from
i. an anti-freezing agent in the range of 3 to 15 % (w/w);
ii. a biocide in the range of 0.01 to 1.00 % (w/w);
iii. a viscosity modifier in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 % (w/w);
iv. a defoamer in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 % (w/w); and
v. carrier in the range of 5 to 80 % (w/w);
wherein the total of all the components (a) to (e) in the composition is 100 % (w/w).
An embodiment provides liquid compositions such as a Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Suspoemulsion (SE) Formulation or Micro Emulsion, comprising:
(a) Iprobenfos in the range of 10 to 80 % (w/w);
(b) Fluindapyr in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(c) an additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s) in the range of 0 to 50 % (w/w);
(d) a surfactant in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(e) other excipients the range of 5 to 80 % (w/w);
wherein the total of all the components (a) to (e) in the composition is 100 % (w/w).

Yet another embodiment provides liquid compositions such as a Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Suspoemulsion (SE) Formulation or Micro Emulsion, comprising:
(a) Iprobenfos in the range of 10 to 80 % (w/w);
(b) Fluindapyr in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(c) an additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s).in the range of 0 to 50 % (w/w);
(d) a surfactant selected from:
i. a wetting agent in the range of 1 to 20 % (w/w);
ii. a dispersing agent in the range of 1 to 20 % (w/w);
iii. an emulsifying agent in the range of 1 to 20 % (w/w);
(e) other excipients are selected from
i. an anti-freezing agent in the range of 3 to 15 % (w/w);
ii. a biocide in the range of 0.01 to 1.00 % (w/w);
iii. a viscosity modifier in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 % (w/w);
iv. a defoamer in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 % (w/w); and
v. carrier in the range of 5 to 80 % (w/w);
wherein the total of all the components (a) to (c) in the composition is 100 % (w/w).

According to one embodiment, individual components of the pesticidal composition according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank or any other kind of vessel used for applications (e. g. seed treater drums, seed pelleting machinery, knapsack sprayer) and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.

Consequently, one embodiment of the present invention is a kit for preparing a usable pesticidal composition, the kit comprising a) a composition comprising Iprobenfos and at least one auxiliary; and b) a composition comprising Fluindapyr and at least one auxiliary; and optionally a composition comprising at least one auxiliary and optionally a further additional fungicides or insecticides.

The pesticidal composition of the present invention can also be used in combination with smart spraying equipment such as e.g. spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc. Such an equipment usually includes input sensors (such as e.g. a camera) and a processing unit configured to analyze the input data and provide a decision, based on the analysis of the input data, to apply the compound of the invention to the crop plants (respectively the weeds) in a specific and precise manner. The use of such smart spraying equipment usually also requires position systems (e.g. GPS receivers) to localize recorded data and to guide or to control farm vehicles; geographic information systems (GIS) to represent the information on intelligible maps, and appropriate farm vehicles to perform the required farm action such as the spraying.

While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Formulation Examples:
General Procedure:
Fluindapyr, and additional compounds such as Iprobenfos, Dinotefuran, Difenoconaozole, Validamycin, or Kasugamycin, a liquid carrier, surfactants and other ingredients (as specified for each Example) were mixed under stirring. The mixture obtained was homogenized by passing through a colloid mill (IKA Magic Lab). The homogenized slurry obtained was milled using a WAB Dyno Mill filled with Zirconium beads and the milling was continued till a particle size (volume average diameter) in the range of 1 to 3 microns was achieved. The milled slurry was again placed in a container having an overhead stirrer, a viscosity modifier and thickeners were added and stirred further to form a homogeneous composition to afford a below formulations.

Example-1: Suspoemulsion (SE) Formulation- Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos + Dinotefuran:

Raw Material Example-1-A % w/w Example-1-B % w/w
Iprobenfos Active on 100% basis 36 48
Fluindapyr active on 100% basis 9.38 12.5
Dinotefuran active on 100% basis 3.75 0
Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate calcium salt 1.5 3
alkoxylated alkyl aryl phosphate esters 3 6
Sodium Ligno sulphonate 3 3
polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene oxide graft copolymer 4 3
nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 4 4
Synthetic Polyscharide 0.12 .2
decyldimethylamine 5 6
DM Water QS to make 100 QS to make 100
Total 100 100

Example-2: Suspoemulsion (SE) Formulation- Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos + Difenoconaozole:
Raw Material Example-2
% w/w
Iprobenfos Active on 100% basis 24
Fluindapyr active on 100% basis 5
Difenoconazole active on 100% basis 3.125
Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate calcium salt 1
alkoxylated alkyl aryl phosphate esters 2
Ethoxylated Castor oil 3
Sodium Ligno sulphonate 3
polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene oxide graft copolymer 2
nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 3
Synthetic Polyscharide 0.14
Benzyl Alcohol 3
DM Water QS to make 100
Total 100

Example-3: Emulsifiable concentrate (EC)- Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos
Raw Material Example-3
% w/w
Iprobenphos active 100% Basis 48
Fluindapyr active 100% basis 12.5
Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate calcium salt 3
Vegetable Oil 0
alkoxylated alkyl aryl phosphate esters 6
nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 2
decyldimethylamine QS to make 100
Total 100

Example-4: Emulsifiable concentrate (EC)- Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos + Difenoconaozole
Raw Material Example-3-B
% w/w
Iprobenphos active 100% Basis 24
Fluindapyr active 100% basis 5
Difenoconazole Active 100% basis 3.125
Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate calcium salt 2.6
Vegetable Oil 6
alkoxylated alkyl aryl phosphate esters 5
nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 2
decyldimethylamine Q.S to make 100
Total 100

Example-5: Micro Emulsion (ME)-Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos
Raw Material % w/w
Iprobenphos active 100% Basis 48
Fluindapyr active 100% basis 12.5
Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate calcium salt 4
alkoxylated alkyl aryl phosphate esters Q.S to make 100%
nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 4
decyldimethylamine 10
Total 100

The synergistic pesticide action of the inventive mixtures can be demonstrated by the experiments described below. A synergistic effect occurs when the action of a combination (ready mix) of active ingredients exceeds the sum of the actions of each component individually. Therefore, a "synergistically effective amount" or an "effective amount" of a synergistic composition or combination refers to an amount that exhibits greater pesticide activity than the sum of the pesticide activities of the individual components. In agricultural practice, the term "synergy" is commonly understood as defined by Colby S.R. in the article entitled “Calculation of the Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations,” published in Weeds, 1967, 15, p. 20-22, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The expected action of a given combination of two active components can be calculated as follows:
E = X+Y- (X.Y/100)
where
X = observed % control by compound A at a defined application rate
Y = observed % control by compound B at a defined application rate
E = expected % control by mixture of two products A and B at a defined application rate.
If the value calculated in this manner is higher than the value E calculated according to Colby, a synergistic effect is present.

Similarly, the expected action of a given combination of three active components can be calculated as follows:
E = X + Y + Z - (XY/100) - (XZ/100) - (YZ/100) + (XYZ/10000)
where
X = observed % control by compound A at a defined application rate
Y = observed % control by compound B at a defined application rate
Z = observed % control by compound C at a defined application rate
E = expected % control by mixture of three products A, B and C at a defined application rate.
If the value calculated in this manner is higher than the value E calculated according to Colby, a synergistic effect is present.

The synergistic combination of the present invention was evaluated on paddy and cucumber.

Example:1 Control of disease in paddy crop Rice-Sheath Blight test

Crop Rice
Primary Target Pest Sheath Blight (Rhizoctonia solani)
Design LPT
Treatment 11
Plot size 30-40 M2
Mode of application Using knapsack sprayer with hollow-cone nozzle.
No & Time of application First spray - At very early symptoms of disease
Second spray – 10 days after first spray
Water volume 500 L/ha (Through proper calibration)
Location WB(1), HR(1), AP(2)

Treatments Dose (gai/ha) Ratio % Control
After 10 days of application
Grain yield % incremental yield over untreated control
Observed Efficacy (%) Expected/ Calculated Efficacy Synergy (Colby's)
Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos 48% 125+480 1:3.84 87.59 70.76 1.23 3880 6.30
Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos 48% EC + Difenoconaozole 25% EC 100+480+62.5 1.6:7.68:1 88.51 75.38 1.17 3885 6.44
Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos 48% EC + Validamycin 3% L 100+480+60 1.66:8:1 85.77 76.93 1.11 3900 6.85
Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos 48% EC + Kasugamycin 3% SL 100+480+50 2:9.6:1 84.90 76.85 1.10 3890 6.58
Kasugamycin 3% SL 50 - 37.83 - - 3680 0.82
Iprobenfos 48% EC 480 - 35.54 - - 3685 0.96
Difenoconazole 25% SC 62.5 - 33.87 - - 3720 1.92
Validamycin 3%L 60 - 38.03 - - 3740 2.47
Fluindapyr 100 - 42.25 - - 3750 2.74
Fluindapyr 125 - 54.65 - - 3790 3.84
Untreated control - - 0 0 - 3650 0

Example-2: Cucumber Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) test

Crop/Variety Cucumber/Shiny
Primary Target Pest Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum)
Design LPT
Treatment 0.5 1
Plot size 30-40 M2
Mode of application Using knapsack sprayer with hollow-cone nozzle.
No & Time of application First spray - At very early symptoms of disease
Second spray – 10 days after first spray
Water volume 500 L /ha (Through proper calibration)
Location CG (2), RJ (2), KA (2)

Treatments Dose (gai/ha) Ratio % Control
After 10 days of application
Observed Efficacy (%) Expected/ Calculated Efficacy Synergy (Colby's)
Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos 48% 125+480 1:3.84 92.34 78.34 1.18
Fluindapyr + Iprobenfos 48% + Difenoconazole 25% EC 100 + 480 + 62.5 1.6:7.68:1 94.72 87.4 1.08
Iprobenfos 48% 480 34.39 - -
Difenoconazole 25% EC 62.5 51.92 - -
Fluindapyr 100 - 60.10 - -
Fluindapyr 125 - 66.99 - -
Untreated control - - 0 0 -

Having described the invention with reference to certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments will become apparent to one skilled in the art from consideration of the specification.
,CLAIMS:1. A synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agricultural crops comprising:
a) Iprobenfos, and
b) Fluindapyr.
2. The synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agricultural crops according to claim 1 comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr and agrochemical excipient(s).
3. The synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agricultural crops according to claim 1 comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr; wherein the ratio of Iprobenfos and Fluindapyr is in range of 1:100 to 100:1.
4. The synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agricultural crops according to claim 1 comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr; wherein the ratio of Iprobenfos and Fluindapyr is in range of 1:25 to 25:1.
5. A synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agricultural crops comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr, and
c) At least one additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) or insecticide(s).
6. The synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agricultural crops comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr, and
c) At least one additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) or insecticide(s) and agrochemical excipient(s).
7. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5 or 6 wherein at least one additional active compound selected is a fungicide.
8. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7 wherein at least one additional active compound is selected from Difenoconazole, Validamycin, Isoprothiolane, and Kasugamycin.
9. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5 or 6 wherein at least one additional active compound selected is an insecticide.
10. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 9 wherein at least one additional active compound is selected from Dinotefuron, Cyclaniliprole, Pioxaniliprole
11. The synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agricultural crops as claimed in claim 5 to 10 comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr, and
c) At least one additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) or insecticide(s) wherein the ratio of said component a) b), and c) is in range of 100:1:1 to 1:100:1 to 1:1:100.
12. The synergistic pesticidal composition for the protection of agricultural crops as claimed in claim 5 to 11 comprising:
a) Iprobenfos,
b) Fluindapyr, and
c) At least one additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) or insecticide(s) wherein the ratio of said component a) b), and c) is in range of 25:1:1 to 1:25:1 to 1:1:25.
13. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 to 12 wherein said composition is in the form of Wettable powder (WP), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), a water dispersible tablet (WT), Water-soluble tablets (ST), an ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid (UL), an ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Flowable suspension/concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR) Solution for seed treatment (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible Flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (Flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), A mixed formulation of CS en SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS en SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS en EW (ZW), and a range of nano formulation types, including but not limited to nano-emulsions, nano-encapsulations, nano-vesicles, nano-gels, or nano-fibres.
14. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1-13 wherein said composition is in the form of liquid formulation or solid formulation.
15. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1-14 wherein the said composition comprises:
(a) Iprobenfos in the range of 10 to 80 % (w/w);
(b) Fluindapyr in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(c) an additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s) in the range of 0 to 50 % (w/w);
(d) an agrochemical excipient(s) in the range of 10 to 80 % (w/w);
wherein the total of all the components (a) to (d) in the composition is 100 % (w/w).
16. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1-15 wherein said composition comprising:
(a) Iprobenfos in the range of 10 to 80 % (w/w);
(b) Fluindapyr in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(c) an additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s) in the range of 0 to 50 % (w/w);
(d) a surfactant in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(e) other excipients the range of 5 to 80 % (w/w);
wherein the total of all the components (a) to (e) in the composition is 100 % (w/w).
17. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1-16 wherein said composition comprising:
(a) Iprobenfos in the range of 10 to 80 % (w/w);
(b) Fluindapyr in the range of 1 to 50 % (w/w);
(c) an additional active compound selected from fungicide(s) and insecticide(s) in the range of 0 to 50 % (w/w);
(d) a surfactant selected from:
i. a wetting agent in the range of 1 to 20 % (w/w);
ii. a dispersing agent in the range of 1 to 20 % (w/w);
iii. an emulsifying agent in the range of 1 to 20 % (w/w);
(e) other excipients are selected from
i. an anti-freezing agent in the range of 3 to 15 % (w/w);
ii. a biocide in the range of 0.01 to 1.00 % (w/w);
iii. a viscosity modifier in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 % (w/w);
iv. a defoamer in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 % (w/w); and
v. carrier in the range of 5 to 80 % (w/w);
wherein the total of all the components (a) to (c) in the composition is 100 % (w/w).