Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
[001] The present invention relates to the field of an optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management systems (BMS) for electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof. Particularly, the present invention relates to an enhanced battery management sys-tem for optimization of daisy chain arrangement to reduce data capturing time, thereby en-hancing data acquisition efficiency in daisy chain arrangement and increasing passive cell balancing capabilities.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[002] The field of electric vehicles (EVs) has witnessed significant advancements with the increasing adoption of Battery Management Systems (BMS) to ensure efficiency, reliability, and safety. A BMS plays a critical role in monitoring battery performance, managing energy flow, and maintaining optimal cell conditions. However, as the demand for higher-performing electric vehicles grows, so does their battery systems' complexity and capacity. This has led to a pressing need for enhancements in BMS technology to manage the intricate networks of battery cells effectively.

[003] Current BMS technologies encounter several challenges, particularly in data acquisi-tion and thermal management. Traditional systems often struggle with prolonged data ac-quisition times, which can be exacerbated by the complexity and number of slave boards. This slow data curation compromises the system's ability to make real-time management de-cisions necessary for maintaining battery efficiency and longevity. Additionally, existing thermal management solutions often rely on mechanical cooling systems, which introduce inefficiencies and increase the overall system's weight and complexity. These limitations hinder the scalability and adaptability of BMS offerings, affecting their application in mod-ern electric vehicle frameworks that demand robust and swift data handling capabilities.

[004] Moreover, the intricacies of passive cell balancing, which is key for maintaining uni-form cell voltages within a battery pack, pose further complications. Traditional methods may not cope effectively with managing heat dissipation in densely packed battery envi-ronments without incurring energy inefficiencies. This can lead to increased energy con-sumption and potential safety risks, as excessive heat remains unmitigated.

[005] In modern battery management system, cell data acquisition is typically carried out by multiple slave boards connected in a daisy chain configuration. The master board collects and filters the data from the slave boards, acting as a centralized system. However, each slave board has limited capacity to acquire data from the cells, which increase the need for additional slave boards. This results in lengthening the overall data collection time which is a critical factor in the performance and efficiency of a battery pack.

[006] In addition, the battery management system generally employs a passive cell balanc-ing techniques which includes shunt resistors that further generates heat. Therefore, there is a requirement of overcoming the issue of heat dissipation to keep the battery at optimum functional temperature. Hence, a cooling system is required to ensure the better life of the battery management system. Further, adding such extravagant cooling system overall in-creases the complexity within the system.

[007] Prior art CN207683370U discloses a kind of cell management system of electric au-tomobile based on daisy chain type cascade communication. This utility model describes a battery management system for electric vehicles that uses a daisy chain communication set-up. The system includes a Battery Management Unit (BMU), one or more battery core mod-ules, and one or more Cell Management Units (CMU). Each CMU connects to a single bat-tery core in a module. The BMU has a Micro-controller Unit (MCU) and a communication chip. The MCU sends data through a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) to the communication chip, which sends data to the CMUs. The CMUs are linked together in a daisy chain, allow-ing them to communicate with each other. The system helps lower costs, makes communica-tion simpler, and improves the reliability of the system. However, the battery management system fails to incorporate the battery capabilities by adding the vapor chambers.

[008] Prior art CN208889808U discloses a kind of battery management systems, including BMS, expansion device, heater, heat exchanger, circulating pump, the first temperature sen-sor, triple valve, radiator, air-conditioning cooling circuit and controller. The utility module is additionally arranged the first temperature sensor, second temperature sensor and triple valve, when the battery core of BMS is by cooling thermal impact, being able to cooperate controller makes the second cooling liquid outlet of triple valve connection and ends the first cooling liquid outlet, thus by coolant liquid and BMS internal insulation, avoid coolant temperature that is too low or excessively high when cold shock or thermal shock to battery core, extend the service life of battery core. The utility module is widely applied to power energy field. However, the battery management system fails to incorporate daisy chain con-figuration, ensuring better life to the battery.

[009] In order to overcome the problem associated with state of arts, there is a need for the development of a battery management system that enhances the efficiency of data acquisi-tion processes, integrates effective yet uncomplicated thermal management solutions, and improvement in passive cell balancing.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The primary objective of the present invention is to provide an optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system for Electric vehicles and a method thereof. .

[0011] Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a passive cooling mecha-nism to effectively manage heat dissipation, maintain the integrity and efficiency of the bat-tery peak, contributing to more reliable and high performing electric vehicles.

[0012] Yet another objective of the present invention is to reduce the data measurement time from slaves for safe operation of the battery management system.

[0013] Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a primary data chain and a secondary data chain for capturing data from the other chain on detecting one of the chains damaged, without compromising time.

[0014] Yet another objective of the present invention is to extend the battery capabilities by adding the vapor chambers.

[0015] Yet objective of the present invention is to utilize ISO-SPI communication lines that prevents the loss of data over long distances of data transfer.

[0016] Other objectives and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein, by way of illustration and example, the aspects of the present invention are disclosed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] The present invention will be better understood after reading the following detailed description of the presently preferred aspects thereof with reference to the appended draw-ings, in which the features, other aspects and advantages of certain exemplary embodiments of the invention will be more apparent from the accompanying drawing in which:
[0018] Figure 1 illustrates a prior art block diagram of battery management system in daisy chain arrangement.
[0019] Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram of battery management system in daisy chain arrangement.
[0020] Figure 3 illustrates an isometric view of slave board with a vapor chamber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The present invention relates to optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system for Electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof vehicle. The daisy chain arrangement based battery management system comprising a daisy chain ar-rangement to collect data from a plurality of slaves, comprising of a master board (101); a plurality of slave boards (104) connected with the master board (101) comprising a primary data chain (102) and a secondary data chain (103) through an interface board (107); a plural-ity of vapor chambers (105), each vapor chamber (105) embedded in each slave board (104); a plurality of communication lines connected to the slave boards (104) and the master board (101); and a plurality of balancing switches installed in each slave board (104) to determine the balancing between each cell.. The system (100) comprises an optimized daisy chain ar-chitecture with an interface board (107) that comprises a plurality of communication lines, vapor chambers (105) for thermal management for enhanced passive cell balancing capabili-ties. Each BMS slave board (104) within the system (100) is equipped for real-time data ac-quisition, gathering data from a plurality of cells and thermistors. The system (100) allows for improved fault tolerance and redundancy, facilitating continued data collection even in the presence of faults. Vapor chambers (105) are utilized to manage heat dissipation from balancing resistors, embedding passive cooling directly into the slave boards (104). The mas-ter board (101) and the plurality of slave boards (104) are connected through the communi-cation lines such that the primary data chain (102) performs primary data collection by col-lecting primary data from the first slave board (104) and the secondary data chain (103) per-form secondary data collection by collecting data from the last slave board (104) and on reaching the data collection halfway point of the slave boards (104), a final data set is cre-ated by combining the first half of the readings from the primary data collection and the second half from the secondary data collection, is stored as a final reading; in order to de-crease the data collection time ranging from 30% - 45%. The daisy chain arrangement con-nects the communication lines between the slave boards (104) and the master board (101) in a manner that one or more faulty slave boards (104) are bypassed, ensuring collection of da-ta from the remaining boards in the primary data chain (102) and the secondary data chain (103). The plurality of vapor chambers (105) are employed to dissipate the heat generated by the plurality of balancing switches in order to cool the slave boards (104). The system pro-vides a minimized data acquisition time from slaves for safe operation of the battery man-agement system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

[0022] The following detailed description and embodiments set forth herein below are merely exemplary out of the wide variety and arrangement of instructions which can be em-ployed with the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. All the features disclosed in this specification may be replaced by similar other or alternative features per-forming similar or same or equivalent purposes. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, they all are within the scope of the present invention.

[0023] Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness.

[0024] The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings but are merely used to enable a clear and consistent under-standing of the invention. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention are provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention.

[0025] It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural ref-erents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0026] It should be emphasized that the term “comprises/comprising” when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, components, or groups thereof.

[0027] Accordingly, the present invention relates to the field of Battery Management Sys-tem (BMS) (100) in electric vehicles. The BMS system (100) focuses on the enhancement of data acquisition efficiency and passive cell balancing in slave board (104) architectures.

[0028] The closest prior art to the present invention illustrated in Figure 1 that illustrates a prior art block diagram of battery management system in daisy chain arrangement . Howev-er, the prior art fails to show any improvement relating to passive cooling to the system, re-ducing the data measurement time from slaves for safe operation of the battery management system, detecting the damaged data chain without compromising time and preventing loss of data over.

[0029] The present invention relates to an enhanced battery management system (100) that comprises of an optimized daisy chain arrangement employing ISO-SPI communication lines, the integration of vapor chambers (105) for thermal management, and enhanced capa-bilities for passive cell balancing. In an embodiment, an optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management systems (BMS) (100) for electric vehicles comprises of the fol-lowing components:
[0030] A) Optimized slave board (104): The battery management system (100) is enclosed in a daisy chain arrangement wherein there are a plurality of slave boards’ chain. The plurali-ty of slave board (104) chain further includes a primary data chain (102) and a secondary data chain (103). The optimized slave board (104) is configured for data acquisition. Each slave board (104) is configured to acquire data from 12 cells and 8 thermistors, facilitating real-time data monitoring and management of a battery pack. The primary data chain (102) collects data of first half and the secondary data chain (103) collects the data of second half simultaneously through ISO-SPI communication lines in order to decrease the data collec-tion time. Further, reducing the data collection time improves the performance and safety of the battery management system (100).

[0031] B) Communication lines: The daisy chain network topology employs ISO-SPI communication lines through an interface board (107) originating from two distinct extremi-ties of the system (100). The plurality of communication lines connected to the slave boards (104) and the master board (101). The communication lines are Isolated Serial Peripheral Interface Communication Protocol (ISO-SPI) lines. The system (100) arrangement allows simultaneous data collection from multiple nodes, enhancing the overall data acquisition speed.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, the daisy chain arrangement includes redundancy features such that, in the event of a fault in one of the ISO-SPI communication lines, the alternate line assumes the function of maintaining communication and data integri-ty.

[0033] C) Master Board (101): The master board (101) is connected to the plurality of slave boards (104) in a daisy-chain arrangement, comprising a primary data chain (102) and a secondary data chain (103) through an interface board (107). The master board (101) acts as a centralized board to store the data obtained from the plurality of slave boards (104). The slave board (104) sends the data to one of the other slave boards (104) and the data is travelled and bounce back towards the master board (101).The primary data chain (102) col-lecting data from the first slave board (104) and the secondary data chain (103) collecting data from the last slave board (104) and once data collection reaches the halfway point, a final dataset is created by combining the first half of the readings from the primary chain and the second half from the secondary chain, which is then stored as a complete reading. The daisy chain arrangement connects the communication lines between the slave boards (104) and the master board (101) to collect data from the plurality of battery cells of the electric vehicles, enabling the system (100) to bypass one or more faulty slave boards (104), so as to ensure collection of data from the remaining boards in the primary data chain (102) and the secondary data chain (103). The plurality of battery cells are controller by a control unit placed in the slave boards (104).

[0034] D) Vapor Chambers (105): The plurality of vapor chambers (105) are embedded in each BMS slave board (104) for passive cooling. These chambers facilitate heat dissipation from balancing resistors and other thermal-critical components. The passive cooling appa-ratus obviates the need for traditional mechanical cooling solutions, streamlining the thermal management process while limiting energy losses. Figure. 3 illustrates an isometric view of a PCB board equipped with a vapor chamber (105), illustrating the placement and function of the thermal management solution within the BMS slave board (104).

[0035] The vapor chambers (105) are configured to be activated upon detection of tempera-tures exceeding predefined thresholds on active slave boards, thus enabling targeted thermal management.

[0036] E) Balancing switches: The system (100) is configured with passive cell balancing by facilitating a plurality of balancing switches. The plurality of balancing switches installed in each slave board (104) to determine the balancing between each cell. The passive cell bal-ancing is improved by maintaining controlled thermal environments, allowing utilization of balancing resistors with higher capabilities or extended durations, without risking thermal degradation. The system (100) employs a passive cell balancing mechanism to balance the voltage of each cell.

[0037] Passive cell balancing is a mechanism that is utilized to monitor the voltage of indi-vidual cells in real time by incorporating a plurality of balancing switches and a control unit in the slave. The plurality of balancing switches include a plurality of resistors, a plurality of transistors and a plurality of switching MOSFETs. The control unit (IC- Integrated Circuit) identifies the battery cell to be balanced and activates the appropriate switch on determining the voltage of each battery cell, enabling the excess energy to be dissipated as heat through the connected resistor.

[0038] In an embodiment, the system (100) further comprises fault tolerance and redundan-cy mechanisms. The tolerance and redundancy mechanisms are connected to the slave board (104). The tolerance and redundancy mechanism are configured to switch data capture du-ties from a damaged ISO-SPI line segment to the secondary line, maintaining system (100) robustness and reliability.

[0039] In an embodiment, the system (100) comprises of a master board, a plurality of slave boards, a plurality of communication lines, a plurality of balancing switches and a plurality of vapor chamber. The system (100) is connected in daisy chain arrangement. The master board (101) and the plurality of slave boards (104) are connected through the communica-tion lines such that the primary data chain (102) performs primary data collection by collect-ing primary data from the first slave board (104) and the secondary data chain (103) per-form secondary data collection by collecting data from the last slave board (104) and on reaching the data collection halfway point of the slave boards (104), a final data set is cre-ated by combining the first half of the readings from the primary data collection and the second half from the secondary data collection, is stored as a final reading; in order to de-crease the data collection time ranging from 30% - 45%. The daisy chain arrangement con-nects the communication lines between the slave boards (104) and the master board (101) in a manner that one or more faulty slave boards (104) are bypassed, ensuring collection of da-ta from the remaining boards in the primary data chain (102) and the secondary data chain (103). The plurality of vapor chambers (105) are employed to dissipate the heat generated by the plurality of balancing switches in order to cool the slave boards (104).

[0040] The optimized BMS functions by enabling efficient and reliable data acquisition uti-lizing the dual ISO-SPI communication lines which allow for rapid retrieval of cell and thermistor data. On occurrence of faults, such as line damage, the daisy chain arrangement’s inherent redundancy enables seamless continuity in data collection, with the secondary line assuming the role of the primary line as required.

[0041] The vapor chambers (105) ensure that heat produced during the balancing processes is efficiently dissipated, maintaining optimal operating temperatures across the system (100). This targeted cooling approach without changing any coolant routing that permits enhanced balancing operations by managing heat without impacting inactive components, resulting in overall system (100) energy efficiency.

[0042] Figure. 2 illustrates the block diagram of the battery management system (100) for faster data capture and improved passive cell balancing. The block diagram delineates the optimized daisy chain arrangement of the battery management system (100) with ISO-SPI communication lines, highlighting the bidirectional flow of data and its redundancy fea-tures. The battery management system (100) of an electric vehicle that comprises of a master board (101), a plurality of slave boards (104), a plurality of vapor chambers (105), a plurality of communication lines and a plurality of balancing switches, wherein the master board (101) is connected to the plurality of slave boards (104) in a daisy chain arrangement for transmission of data from the plurality of slave boards (104) to the master board (101). The plurality of vapor chambers (105) are employed in each slave boards (104) in order to dissi-pate heat generated by the plurality of balancing switches. The daisy chain arrangement connects the master board (101) and the plurality of slave boards (104) through the plurality of communication lines in a manner to decrease the data collection time.
[0043] In an embodiment, the present invention also relates to a method of operation of the optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management systems (BMS) for electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof, comprises:
a) initiating data acquisition from each slave board (104) through the plurality of communication lines;
b) transmitting the data obtained from a primary data chain and a secondary data chain to a master board;
c) actuating integrated vapor chambers (105) on plurality of slaves as temperatures exceed predefined thresholds.
d) balancing passive cell between a plurality of cells through a plurality of balancing switches, facilitating thermal management.
[0044] In another embodiment, the system (100) is configured to integrate with additional communication protocols facilitating compatibility with existing electric vehicle infrastruc-tures.
[0045] The BMS system is adaptable to accommodate varied battery configurations and sizes across multiple electric vehicle architectures. The BMS offers flexibility and robustness across multiple electric vehicle architectures.
[0046] The BMS of the present invention exhibits multiple advantages, including:
• Increased Data Acquisition Efficiency: Achieved through the simultaneous opera-tion of ISO-SPI lines, which reduces data collection timelines significantly.
• Enhanced Fault Tolerance: The redundancy mechanisms ensure continued opera-tion and data integrity, even under fault conditions.
• Optimized Thermal Management: The vapor chambers (105) provide a targeted, energy-efficient cooling system (100), enhancing balancing capabilities while miti-gating wasteful energy expenditures.
• Improved Energy Efficiency: The passive cooling and balancing optimizations col-lectively contribute to a more efficient battery management process in high voltage settings.
[0047] In another embodiment, battery management system with varying cell configurations and sizes may incorporate the described system (100) to achieve consistent operational ben-efits irrespective of specific vehicle requirements.

[0048] In another embodiment, integration with additional communication protocols, such as CAN bus systems, further enhance the system’s (100) compatibility with existing vehicle infrastructures.

[0049] While this invention has been described in connection with what is presently consid-ered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the in-vention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims
, Claims:1. An optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system (100) for Electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof vehicle, comprising:
(a) the daisy chain arrangement to collect data from a plurality of battery cells of the electric vehicle, comprising
• a master board (101);
• a plurality of slave boards (104) connected with the master board (101) com-prising a primary data chain (102) and a secondary data chain (103) through an interface board (107);
(b) a plurality of vapor chambers (105), each vapor chamber (105) embedded in each slave board (104);
(c) a plurality of communication lines connected to the slave boards (104) and the master board (101); and
(d) a plurality of balancing switches installed in each slave board (104) to determine the balancing between each cell;
wherein,
(I) the master board (101) and the plurality of slave boards (104) are connected through the communication lines such that the primary data chain (102) per-forms primary data collection by collecting primary data from the first slave board (104) and the secondary data chain (103) perform secondary data col-lection by collecting data from the last slave board (104) and on reaching the data collection halfway point of the slave boards (104), a final data set is created by combining the first half of the readings from the primary data col-lection and the second half from the secondary data collection, is stored as a final reading; in order to decrease the data collection time ranging from 30% - 45%;
(II) the daisy chain arrangement connects the communication lines between the slave boards (104) and the master board (101) in a manner that one or more faulty slave boards (104) are bypassed, ensuring collection of data from the remaining boards in the primary data chain (102) and the secondary data chain (103); and
(III) the plurality of vapor chambers (105) are employed to dissipate the heat gen-erated by the plurality of balancing switches in order to cool the slave boards (104).

2. The optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system (100) for Electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of battery cells are controlled by a control unit placed in the slave boards (104).

3. The optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system (100) for Electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the balancing switches includes resistors, transistors.

4. The optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system (100) for Electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interface board (107) comprises a plurality of communication lines.

5. The optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system (100) for Electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof as claimed in claim 3, wherein the communication lines are Isolated Serial Peripheral Interface Communication Pro-tocol (ISO-SPI) lines.

6. The optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system (100) for Electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the master board (101) acts as a centralized board to store the data obtained from the plurality of slave boards (104).

7. The optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system (100) for Electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) employs a passive cell balancing mechanism to balance the voltage of each cell.

8. The optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system (100) for Electric vehicles and a method for operation thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slave board (104) sends the data to one of the other slave boards (104) and the data is travelled and bounce back towards the master board (101).

9. A method for operation of the optimized daisy chain arrangement based battery management system (100) for electric vehicles, comprising:
a) initiating data acquisition from each slave board (104) through the plurality of communication lines;
b) transmitting the data obtained from a primary data chain and a secondary data chain to a master board;
c) actuating integrated vapor chambers (105) on plurality of slaves (104) as temper-atures exceed predefined thresholds; and
d) balancing passive cell between a plurality of cells through a plurality of balancing switches, facilitating thermal management.