Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a combination of Kasugamycin, Thiophanate methyl and Thiamethoxam and its composition and methods of preparation thereof. Particularly, the present invention relates to a synergistic composition comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophanate methyl and Thiamethoxam, methods of preparation of the composition and use thereof for the control of a wide variety of undesired phytopathogenic microorganisms, insect pests and fungi.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
In many economically important crops, such as rice, peppers, tomatoes, grapes, peas, cotton and other agricultural and horticultural crops, fungal infection and insect infestation may occur simultaneously for which growers are applying control measures either separately or by simply tank mixing various insecticides and fungicides together. This practice of mixing various pesticides might lead to poor efficacy and crop damage due to compatibility issues hence a premix of the best possible formulation for a combination of an insecticide and a fungicide would help growers to combat these important diseases and insects/mites in those crop stages.
Typical problems arising in the field of pest control is to reduce the dose rates of the active ingredients in order to reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective disease/pest control. Therefore, a combined application of an effective amount of fungicide and insecticide as a uniform composition is a practical necessity.
Kasugamycin with CAS registration number 6980-18-3 is a derivative of an amino cyclitol glycoside that is isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis and exhibits antibiotic and fungicidal properties. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a protein synthesis inhibitor and an antifungal agrochemical. It is an amino cyclitol glycoside, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, a monosaccharide derivative, a carboxamidine and antibioticfungicide.
It has IUPAC name is 2-amino-2-[(2R,3S,5S,6R)-5-amino-2-methyl-6-[(2R,3S,5S,6S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxan-3-yl]iminoacetic acid and has following structure:

KASUGAMYCIN
Thiophanate-methyl an effective fungicide against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould. It has a role as an antifungal agrochemical. It is a member of thioureas, a carbamate ester, a benzimidazole precursor fungicide and a carbamate fungicide
It has IUPAC name is methyl N-[[2(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino) phenyl] carbamothioyl] carbamate and has following structure

THIOPHANATE-METHYL
Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide, and it acts by binding to the acetylcholine site on nicotinoyl acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), causing a range of symptoms from hyperexcitation to lethargy and paralysis in the insects.
It has IUPAC name is EZ)-3-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-5-methyl-1,3,5-oxadiazinan-4-ylidene]nitromide and has following structure

THIAMETHOXAM
Various patent applications disclose the mixtures of fungicides and insecticides for e.g. US20120322654, US20080261811 and WO2011144593. There is no such effective composition available that act simultaneously on a wide variety of fungi and pest. It has been found that, as a solution to the above mentioned problems, a combination comprising an aminoglycoside antibiotic class compound thioureas class compound and a neonicotinoid insecticide class compound provides an effective composition in controlling a wide variety of undesired phytopathogenic microorganisms, insect pests and fungi. More, specifically, the combination comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophante methyl and Thiamethoxam.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
In one aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising of:
a) an effective amount of Kasugamycin or salt(s) thereof,
b) an effective amount of Thiophanate methyl or salt(s) thereof,
c) an effective amount of Thiamethoxam.or salt(s) thereof
d) agriculturally acceptable additives.
In a particular aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic combination of Kasugamycin, Thiophante methyl and Thiamethoxam to control a wide variety of undesired phytopathogenic microorganisms, insect pests and fungi.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal and insecticidal combination of Kasugamycin, Thiophante methyl and Thiamethoxam
In another aspect, the present invention is to provide longer residual control of the undesired phytopathogenic microorganisms, insect pests and fungi treated with the combination of Kasugamycin, Thiophante methyl and Thiamethoxam.
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic composition comprising of:
a) an effective amount of Kasugamycin or salt(s) thereof,
b) an effective amount of Thiophanate methyl or salt(s) thereof,
c) an effective amount of Thiamethoxam or salt(s) thereof
d) agriculturally acceptable additives.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic composition of Kasugamycin, Thiophante methyl and Thiamethoxam to control a wide variety of undesired phytopathogenic microorganisms, insect pests and fungi
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a synergistic composition comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophante methyl and Thiamethoxam; the composition possesses fungicidal and/or insecticidal activity.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for the preparation of the composition comprising of Kasugamycin, Thiophante methyl and Thiamethoxam.
In one aspect of the present invention, the synergistic composition of the present invention further comprises an agrochemically acceptable excipients selected from the group consisting of anti-freezing agent, dispersing agents, antifoaming agents, biocides, surfactants, coloring agents, solvents, and the like. Additional components may also be included, e.g. pH Modifiers stabilizers, Rheology modifiers. More generally, the active materials can be combined with any solid or liquid additive, formulation aids which complies with usual formulation techniques.
In another aspect of the present invention, synergistic composition is formulated as capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG) Emulsifiable water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsifiable for seed treatment (ES), Emulsifiable oil-in-water 30 (EW), flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), soluble liquid (SL).
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the invention further provides the process for preparation of the said formulation wherein, the said formulation can be one or more of capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG) Emulsifiable water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsifiable for seed treatment (ES), Emulsifiable oil-in-water (EW), flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), soluble liquid (SL).
In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving crop health (phytotonic effect), comprising treating a plant with an effective amount of the composition of Kasugamycin, Thiophante methyl and Thiamethoxam.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Discussed below are some representative embodiments of the present invention. The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative methods. The illustrative examples are described in this section in connection with the embodiments and methods provided. The invention according to its various aspects is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the appended claims read in view of this specification and appropriate equivalents.
It is to be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w/w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified.
The term “active ingredient” (a.i.) or “active agent” used herein refers to that component of the composition responsible for control of Fungal-pests or disease.
As used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated. For example, a composition or a method that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, or method.
As used herein, the term “composition” or "formulation" can be used interchangeably, unless stated otherwise, is meant to encompass, and are not limited to, compositions or formulations containing the combination of Kasugamycin, Thiophanate methyl and Thiamethoxam.
As used herein, the term “additive(s)” or "auxiliary agent(s)" or “agrochemically acceptable carrier(s)” can be used interchangeably and refers to inert substances which are commonly used as diluent, to provide stability or to increase the activity profile of the composition or formulation with or without having agrochemical activity or direct effect on the undesired phytopathogenic fungi and/or microorganisms.
As used herein, the term "agrochemically acceptable salts" are typically acid addition salts of inorganic or organic acids, preferably of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, toluene sulfonic acid or benzoic acid.
As used herein, the term “additive(s)” or "auxiliary agent(s)" or “agriculturally acceptable carrier(s)”can be used interchangeably and refers to inert substances which are commonly used as diluent, to provide stability or to increase the activity profile of the composition or formulation with or without having agrochemical activity.
As used herein, the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a composition or substance to improve the ability of insect mortality or inhibit the growth rate.
As used herein the term “fungicidal” refers to the ability of a composition or substance to reduce the rate of fungal growth or increase fungal mortality.
As used herein, the term “lower” or “minimal” or “minimum” can be used interchangeably and refers to the optimum concentration of active or inactive ingredients of formulation to achieve the expected efficacy.
As used herein, the term "effective amount" means the amount of the active substances in the compositions to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. The effective amount can vary for the various compositions used in the present invention. An effective amount of the compositions will also vary according to the prevailing conditions such as desired pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of application, and the like.
In an embodiment, the fungicidal composition wherein the Kasugamycin ranging from 0.1% to 30.0% by weight of the fungicidal composition.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, Kasugamycin is present in an amount of 2.10% weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the fungicidal composition wherein the Thiophanate-methyl ranging from 0.1% to 50.0% by weight of the composition.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, Thiophanate-methyl is present in an amount of 40.40% weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition wherein the Thiamethoxam ranging from 0.1% to 30.0% by weight of the composition.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, Thiamethoxam is present in an amount of 7.50% weight of the composition.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the invention further provides the process for preparation of the said formulation wherein, the said formulation can be one or more of as suspension concentrate (SC), wettable granules (WG), wettable powder (WP), a water dispersible granule (WDG), a water dispersible tablet (WT), an ultra-low volu (ULV) liquid (UL), an ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), a water soluble powder (SP), a suspo-emulsion (SE), granule (GR), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an oil-in-water or water in oil emulsion (EW), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a micro-emulsion (ME),Flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS) an oil dispersion (OD), a capsule suspension (CS), a dustable powder (DP) or an aerosol (AE).
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formulation is Suspension Concentrate (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), oil dispersion (OD), Water dispersible granules (WDG), Flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS) and Wettable powders (WP).
Dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polymeric ester dispersant, ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate ester, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate/naphthalene sulphonic acid condensate, acrylic copolymer, nonionic proprietary surfactant blend, polycarboxylates, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, aryl sulphonate condensate, sodium lignosulphonate, dispertox BS SPL, polystyrenatedacrylated co-polymer, modified styrene acrylic copolymer, salts of phenol sulfonic acids, Terwet 2700,butyl polyalkylene oxide block co-polymer, mixture of tristyrylphenolethoxylates and polyalkylene oxide derivative of a synthetic alcohol, random co-polymer of alcoxylated polyethylene glycol or mixtures thereof; The Dispersing agent is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 20.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
Antifoaming agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polydimethyl siloxane, polydimethyl siloxane emulsion or mixtures thereof; The Antifoaming agent is present in an amount of from 0.01% to 5.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
Rheology modifier is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to precipitated silica, fumed silica, modified fumed silica, bentonite, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, thickening silica, hydrated clay minerals, magnesium aluminium silicates, Precipitated Silica, organic derivative of hectorite clay, hydrophobic fumed silica, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or mixture thereof; The Rheology modifier is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 20.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
Solvents is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to Demineralized (DM) water, N-alkyl-pyrrolidone, oil medium selected from the group comprising, esterified fatty acids selected from methyl and/or ethyl ester of vegetable oil such as methyl soyate, ethyl soyate, rapeseed methyl ester, rapeseed ethyl ester or mixtures thereof. The Solvents is present in an amount of from 0% to 95% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
Biocides is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to biocide by weight of the formulation selected from the group comprising of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde, dipropyl glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or mixtures thereof. The Biocides is present in an amount of from 0% to 90% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
Antifreezing agents is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to selected from the group comprising of ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,2,3-triol, urea or mixtures thereof. The Antifreezing agents is present in an amount of from 0% to 15% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
pH Stabilizers selected from the group comprising of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium oxalate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium phosphate, citric acid, trisodium citrate, monoethanol amine, triethanol amine, triethylamine, dibasic esters selected from dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, ortho phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid. The pH Stabilizers is present in an amount of from 0.01% to 10.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.

Coloring agents is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to coloring agent by weight of the formulation selected from of dye, pigment, Triaryl methane acid blue, 3-hydroxy-N-(2-methylphenyl)-4-[(E)-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)diazinyl]-2-naphthamideand Acid Brilliant Green and Red FGR03. The coloring agents is present in an amount of from ranges from 0.01% to 5.0 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
Wetting cum dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend alkylphenol ethoxylates or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, lignosulfonates, Mixture of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates andpolyalkylene oxide derivative of a synthetic, alcohol sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates. In a preferred embodiment, thewetting cum dispersing agentin an amount of from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition
The undesired pathogenic microorganism for the present invention is selected from the group comprising of Albugo spp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g. A. Candida) and sunflowers (e.g. A. tragopogonis); Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, citrus fruits (A. citri), rape (A. brassicola or A. brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e.g. A. solani or A. alternata), tomatoes (e.g. A. solaniorA. alternata) and wheat; 5 Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cotton, cereals and vegetables, e.g. A. tritici(anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordeion barley; Bipolarisand Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp. for e.g. Cochlioboluscarbonum(northern corn leaf blight)), e.g. Southern leaf blight (D. maydis) or Northern leaf blight (B. zeicola) on corn, e.g. spot blotch (B. sorokiniana) on cereals, e.g. B. oryzae on rice and turfs and on oats; Blumeria(formerly Erysiphe) graminis(powdery mildew) on cereals (e.g. on wheat or barley); Botrytis cinerea(teleomorph: Botryotiniafuckeliana: grey mold) on fruits and berries (e.g. strawberries), vegetables (e.g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages), rape, flowers, vines, forestry plants and wheat; Bremialactucae(downy mildew) on lettuce; Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broadleaved trees and evergreens, e.g. C. ulmi(Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn and cotton, (Cercospora blight spots) on cotton, (e.g. Gray leaf spot: C. zeae-maydis), rice, sugar beets (e.g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g. C. sojinaorC. kikuchii) and rice, sunflower (e.g. cercospora leaf spot: C. helianthi),peanut (e.g. early leaf spot: C. arachidicola); Cercosporidium spp. on peanut (e.g. C. personatum: late leaf spot); Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e.g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e.g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat, C. caryigenum(pecan scab) on pecan; Cylindrocladium spp. on peanut (C.crotalariae: cylindrocladium black rot); Clavicepspurpurea(ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus(anamorph: Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum), cereals (e.g. C.sativus(black point), anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice (e.g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae);Colletotrichum (teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g. C. gossypii), corn (e.g. C.graminicola: Anthracnose stalk rot), soft fruits, potatoes (e.g. C. coccodes: black dot), beans (e.g. C.Iindemuthianum), citrus fruits (e.g. C. acutatum(post bloom fruit drop), C. gloeosporioides) andsoybeans (e.g. C. truncatumorC. gloeosporioides); Corticium spp., e.g. C. sasakii(sheath blight) onrice; Corynesporacassiicola(leaf spots) on soybeans and ornamentals; Cycloconium spp., e.g. C.oleaginumon olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e.g. fruit tree canker or young vine decline,teleomorph: NectriaorNeonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (e.g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph:Neonectrialiriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals; Dematophora(teleomorph: Rosellinia)necatrix(root and stem rot) on soybeans; Diplodia spp. e.g. Diplodia boll rot on cotton, Diaporthespp., e.g. D. phaseolorum(damping off) on soybeans, D. citri(melanose) on citrus fruits; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium, teleomorph: Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e.g. D.teres, net blotch), oats (e.g. D. avenae, leaf spot), and wheat (e.g. D. tritici-repentis: tan spot), rice andturf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines, caused by Formitiporia(syn. Phellinus) punctata, F.mediterranea, Phaeomoniellachlamydospora(earlier Phaeoacremoniumchlamydosporum),Phaeoacremoniumaleophilumand/or Botryosphaeriaobtusa; Elsinoe spp. on pome fruits (E. pyri),on citrus fruits (E. fawcetti), soft fruits (E. veneta: anthracnose) and vines (E. ampelina: anthracnose);Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccum spp. (black mold) on wheat; Erysiphe spp. (powderymildew) on sugar beets (E. betae), (powdery mildew) on rye (E. graminis), vegetables (e.g. E. pisi),such as cucurbits (e.g. E. cichoracearum), cabbages, sunflower, rape 5 (e.g. E. cruciferarum), peas andbean (e.g. E. polygoni); Eutypalata(Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporinalata, syn.Libertellablepharis) on fruit trees, vines and ornamental woods; Exserohilum(syn.Helminthosporium) spp. on corn (e.g. E. turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt,root or stem rot) on various plants, such as hardlock, boll rot of cotton, F. graminearumorF.culmorum(root rot, scab or head blight) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley), F. oxysporumontomatoes,F. solanion soybeans and F. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomycesgraminis(take-all) on cereals(e.g. wheat or barley) and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G. fujikuroi:Bakanae disease); Glomerellacingulataon vines, pome fruits and other plants and G. gossypiioncotton; Grain staining complex on rice; Guignardiabidwellii(black rot) on vines, Guignardiacitricarpa(balck spot) on citrus fruits; Gymnosporangium spp. on rosaceous plants and junipers, e.g. G. sabinae(rust) on pears; Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) oncorn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e.g. H. vastatrix(coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopsisclavispora(syn. Cladosporium vitis) on vines; Kabatiellazeae(eyespot) on corn; Leptosphaeriamaculans(blackleg) on oilseed crops; Leptosphaerulina spp. on peanut (e.g. L. crassiasca:pepperspot); Macrophominaphaseolina(syn. phaseoli) (root and stem rot) on soybeans and cotton;Microdochium(syn. Fusarium) nivale(pink snow mold) on cereals (e.g. wheat or barley);Microsphaeradiffusa(powdery mildew) on soybeans; Myeosphaerellacitri(greasy spot) on citrusfruit, Monilinia spp., e.g. M. laxa, M. fructicolaandM. fructigena(bloom and twig blight, brown rot)on stone fruits and other rosaceous plants; Mycosphaerella spp. on peas and beans, cereals, bananas,soft fruits and ground nuts, such as e.g. M. graminicola(anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat or M. fijiensis(black Sigatoka disease) on bananas; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) oncabbage (e.g. P. brassicae), rape (e.g. P. parasitica), onions (e.g. P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina)and soybeans (e.g. P. manshurica); Phyllosticta maydis (yellow leaf blight) on corn; PhakopsorapachyrhiziandP. meibomiae(soybean rust) on soybeans; Phialophora spp. e.g. on vines (e.g. P.tracheiphilaandP. tetraspora) and soybeans (e.g. P. gregata: stem rot); Phoma lingam (root andstem rot) on rape and cabbage and P. betae(root rot, leaf spot and damping-off) on sugar beets,Phomaexigua(ascochyta blight) on peas and beans, phoma blight, boll rot on cotton, Phomaarachidicola(web blotch) on peanut; Phomopsis spp. on sunflowers, vines (e.g. P. viticola: can andleaf spot) and soybeans (e.g. stem rot:. phaseoli, teleomorph: Diaporthephaseolorum); Phykopsoraspp. e.g. rust on cotton, Physoderma maydis (physoderma brown spot) on corn; Phytophthora spp.(wilt, root, leaf, fruit and stem root) on various plants, such as paprika and cucurbits (e.g. P. capsici),soybeans (e.g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e.g. P. infestans: late blight),broad-leaved trees (e.g. P. ramorum: sudden oak death) and peas and beans (e.g. P. nicotianae:downy mildew); Plasmodiophorabrassicae(club root) on cabbage, rape, radish and other plants;Plasmopara spp., e.g. P. viticola(downy mildew) on vines and P. halstediionsunflowers;Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on rosaceous plants, hop, pome and soft fruits, e.g. P.leucotrichaon apples; Polymyxa spp., e.g. on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beets (P. betae) and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides(eyespot, teleomorph: Tapesiayallundae) on cereals, e.g. wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora(downy mildew) on various plants, e.g. P. cubensison cucurbits or P. humilion hop; Pseudopeziculatracheiphila(red fire disease or rotbrenner, anamorph: Phialophora) on vines; Puccinia spp. (rusts)on various plants, e.g. P. triticina(brown or leaf rust), P. striiformis(stripe or yellow rust), P. hordei(dwarf rust), P. graminis(stem or black rust) or P. recondita(brown or leaf rust) on cereals, such ase.g. wheat, barley or rye (P. recondita), P. kuehnii(orange rust) on sugar cane and P. asparagionasparagus, P. coronata(crown rust) and P. graminis(stem rust) on oats, P. arachidis(rust) on peanut;Pyrenophora(anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis(tan spot) on wheat, P. feres(net blotch) onbarley, or P. avenae(leaf blotch) on oats; Pyricularia spp., e.g. P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthegrisea, rice blast) on rice and P. griseaon turf and cereals; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice,corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e.g.P.ultimumorP. aphanidermatum); Ramularia spp., e.g. R. collo-cygni(Ramularia leaf spots,physiological leaf spots) on barley and mint, and R. beticolaon sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. Oncotton, rice, potatoes, turf, corn, rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants, e.g.R. solani(root and stem rot) on soybeans, R. solani(sheath blight) on rice and peanut, or R. cerealis(Rhizoctonia spring blight) on wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer(black mold, soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, vines and tomatoes; Rhynchosporiumsecalis(scald) on barley, rye andtriticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S. attenuatum(sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot orwhite mold) on vegetables and field crops, such as rape, sunflowers (e.g. S. sclerotiorum) andsoybeans (e.g. S. rolfsiiorS. sclerotiorum), S. minor (sclerotinia blight) on peanut, S. sclerotiorum(white mold) on potato; Sclerotium spp. on peanut (e.g. S. rolfsii); Septoria spp. on various plants, e.g.S. glycines(brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici(Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. nodorum(syn.Stagonospora) (Stagonospora blotch) on cereals, S. avenae(Septoria blotch) on oats, S. linicola (pasmo) on flax seed; Uncinula(syn. Erysiphe) necator(powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidiumtuckeri)on vines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn (e.g. S. turcicum, syn. Helminthosporiumturcicum)and turf; Sphacelotheca spp. (smut) on corn, (e.g. S. reiliana: head smut), sorghum und sugarcane;Sphaerothecafuliginea(powdery mildew) on cucurbits; Spongosporasubterranea(powdery scab) onpotatoes and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e.g. S. nodorum(Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria (syn. Phaeosphaeria) nodorum) on wheat, septrotialeaf and glume blotch on rye; Stemphyllium spp. e.g. stemphyllium leaf spot on cotton, Synchytriumendobioticumon potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e.g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease)on peaches and T. pruni(plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopsis spp. (black root rot) on tobacco, pomefruits, vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. basicola(syn. Chalara elegans); Tilletia spp. (commonbunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e.g. T. tritici(syn. T. caries, wheat bunt) and T. controversa(dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhulaincarnata(grey snow mold) on barley or wheat; Urocystis spp., e.g.U. occulta (stem smut) on rye; Uromyces spp. (rust) on vegetables, such as beans (e.g. U.appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e.g. U. betae); Ustilago spp. (loose smut) oncereals (e.g. U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e.g. U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp.(scab) on apples (e.g. V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such asfruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e.g. V. dahliaeonstrawberries,rape, potatoes and tomatoes.
The composition of the present invention used to control a wide variety of undesired pathogenic microorganisms, insect pests and fungi, is advantageous, for several purposes, e.g.:
• useful for addressing a wider range of pest and diseases e.g. insecticidal, fungicidal and acaricidal activity;
• offering a single application as a uniform composition in place of separate application of fungicides and insecticides;
• offering crop health improvement in comparison to separate applications of fungicides and insecticides;
• longer residual control after application of the composition.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a combination/composition that shows enhanced action against undesired pathogenic microorganisms, insect pests and mites, in comparison to the control rates that are possible with the individual compounds and/or suitable for improving the health of plants when applied to plants, parts of plants, plant propagation materials, or at their locus of their growth.
In yet another embodiment, the combination or the composition of the present invention is particularly important for controlling a multitude of undesired pathogenic microorganisms, fungi, on various cultivated plants or plant parts, such as cereals, e.g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e.g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e.g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, nectarine, prune, blackberries or gooseberries; leguminous plants, such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa beans, castor oil plants, oil palms, ground nuts or soybeans; cucurbits, such as squashes, cucumber or melons; fiber plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceous plants, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; energy and raw material plants, such as corn, soybean, rape, sugar cane or oil palm; corn; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; vines (table grapes and grape juice grape vines); hop; turf; sweet leaf (also called Stevia); natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens, e.g. conifers; and on the plant propagation material, such as seeds, and the crop material of these plants.
In a preferred embodiment, the combination or composition of the present invention is particularly important for controlling a multitude of undesired pathogenic microorganisms, insect pests and fungi, in the Chickpea and soya bean crop.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for improving crop health (phyto- tonic effect), comprising treating a plant with an effective amount of composition of Kasugamycin, Thiophante methyl and Thiamethoxam
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples. These examples describe possible preferred embodiments for illustrative purposes only, but they do not limit the scope of the invention.
Examples:
The examples below are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1: Suspension concentrate (SC) formulation .
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Kasugamycin 2.10 Active Ingredient
Thiophanate-methyl 40.40 Active Ingredient
Thiamethoxam 7.50 Active Ingredient
Non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend 2.00 Wetting cum dispersing agent
Acrylic copolymer 1.50 Dispersing agent
Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate 1.00 Dispersing agent
Propane-1,2-diol 6.00 Antifreezing Agent
Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10 Biocide
Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion 0.50 Antifoaming agent
Precipitated Silica 0.50 Rheology modifier
Citric acid 0.05 pH adjuster
Xanthum gum (2 % w/w aqueous) 5.00 Rheology modifier
Demineralized Water Balance to 100 Solvent

Process for preparing Suspension concentrate (SC) formulation:
1. In demineralized water dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2-diol, non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer and sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensateasis added.
2. Add these ingredients into a clean pre-mixing vessel fitted with a homogenizer.
3. Mix all ingredients thoroughly for sufficient time to obtain a uniform mixture.
4. The active ingredients, Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, Thiamethoxam and precipitated silica is added
5. Continue mixing with the homogenizer for sufficient time to form a slurry
6.Pass the slurry through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation.
7. Reduce the particle size to achieve a desirable size of d(90) < 20 microns.
8. Transfer the milled slurry into a post-mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer.
9. Add a pH stabilizer to the milled slurry while stirring.
10. Add a rheology modifier in the form of 2% xanthan gum solution (prepared in demineralized water) to the post-mixing vessel.
11. Continue stirring for sufficient time to ensure proper mixing of xanthan gum and form a homogeneous Suspension Concentrate (SC).

Example 2: Flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS) formulation
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Kasugamycin 2.10 Active Ingredient
Thiophanate-methyl 40.40 Active Ingredient
Thiamethoxam 7.50 Active Ingredient
Mixture of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates andpolyalkylene oxide derivative of a synthetic
alcohol 3.00 Wetting cum dispersing agent
Acrylic copolymer 0.50 Dispersing agent
Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate 1.00 Dispersing agent
Sodium lignosulphonate 1.00 Dispersing agent
Propane-1,2-diol 6.00 Antifreezing Agent
Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10 Biocide
Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion 0.50 Antifoaming agent
Precipitated Silica 0.5 Rheology modifier
Red FGR03 0.05 Coloring agent
Citric acid 0.05 pH adjuster
Xanthum gum (2 % w/w aqueous) 3.00 Rheology modifier
Demineralized Water Balance to 100 Solvent

Process for preparing Flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS) formulation:

1. In demineralized waterdipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2-diol, mixture of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates and polyalkylene oxide derivative of a syntheticalcohol, acrylic copolymer, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate and sodium lignosulphonate is added.
2. Add all these ingredienstinto the clean pre-mixing vessel fitted with the homogenizer
3. Mix all ingredients thoroughly for sufficient time to obtain a uniform mixture.
4. The active ingredients, Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, Thiamethoxam, precipitated silica and coloring agent is added .
5. Continue to mix for sufficient time with the homogenizer to obtain a slurry.
6. Pass the slurry through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation.
7. Reduce the particle size to ensure d(90) < 20 microns, achieving a uniform milled slurry.
8. The slurry was passed through jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation for particle size reduction to obtain a milled slurry of desirable particle size of d(90)<20 micron.
9. The milled slurry was collected into post mixing vessel fitted with the stirrer.
10. Collect the milled slurry into a post-mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer.
11. Add a pH stabilizer under stirring to maintain the required pH.
12. Add a rheology modifier in the form of 2% xanthan gum solution (prepared in demineralized water).
13. Continue mixing until the xanthan gum is fully dispersed, forming a homogeneous Flowable Suspension (FS) suitable for seed treatment.

Stability Data
Stability Study (Accelerated Storage test and low-temperature storage test)
According to the FAO/WHO manual, the “accelerated storage test” is considered as an indicative of product stability. That is, accelerated storage test data provides an indication that the product is stable for at least two years at ambient temperature. Further, the FAO/WHO manual indicates storage at 54 ± 2°C for 14 days as the default test conditions. Further, the FAO/WHO manual indicates low-temperature storage at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days.
The “accelerated storage” is the sample after subjecting the sample to accelerated storage tests at 54±2°C for 14 days.
The pesticidal formulation composition of examples 1 - 2 were found to be stable during accelerated stability study at 54±2° C for 14 daysand low temperature at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days.

Example 3: Evaluation of Bio-efficacy on Soybean
Soybean is considered as one of the most important oilseed crops in India. It generates huge amount of foreign exchange revenue for the nation besides contributing significantly to the edible oil pool. This crop is important for general public nutritional security due to its excellent source of protein and is also richer in oil than most legumes.
Damage caused by pests has the potential to result in significant yield losses. In India, white grubs pose a serious threat to the soybean harvests. Due to their polyphagous nature, they damage significantly kharif crops, especially in dry and semi-arid areas. However, termites are concerned pest of the soybean crop, areas that have dry soil, they attack on the roots and base of the stem, causing the plant to wilt and eventually die.
1. White Grub
Effect on seed germination-
The highest rate of germination was observed in Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (88.26%), Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% @ 0.595+13.33+2.27 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (89.25%) and @0.51+11.43+1.95 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (83.51%). The germination percentage varied between 79.86% and 89.25%. Nevertheless, all the treatments were observed non-significant.
Plant mortality percent due to White grub
Among all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (81.19%), Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% @ 0.595+13.33+2.27 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (80.21%) and @ 0.51+11.43+1.95 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (79.00%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 30 days after application (DAA).
Similarly, all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (78.02%), Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% @ 0.595+13.33+2.27 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (78.50%) and @ 0.51+11.43+1.95 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (75.42%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 45 days after application (DAA)
All the doses of Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% showed better result compared to individual applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 0.90 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (28.80%), Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @14 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (22.68%) and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @30 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (75.12%) against White grub of soybean at 45 DAA. (Table 1)

Table 1- Effect of different treatments on the incidence of White grub in Soybean crop-
Sr. No.
Treatments Dosage per 10 kg seeds Germination percentage Plant mortality % 30 DAA Protection over control (%) Plant mortality % 45 DAA Protection over control (%)
a.i.
(gm) per 10 kg seeds Formulation (gm/ml) per 10 kg seeds
1 Kasugamycin 3% SL 0.90 30 83.13 21.46
(27.58) 31.94 23.60
(29.77) 28.80
2 Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP 14 20 82.38 23.57
(29.63) 25.25 25.61
(30.46) 22.68
3 Thiamethoxam 30% FS 30 100 81.52 7.45
(16.27) 76.37 8.24
(16.56) 75.12
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS 0.90 + 14 + 30 30 + 20 + 100 88.26 5.93
(14.25) 81.19 7.28
(16.14) 78.02
5 Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% 0.425+9.52+1.62 25 81.74 7.89
(16.32) 74.98 8.53
(16.78) 74.25
6 Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% 0.51+11.43+1.95 30 83.51 6.62
(14.90) 79.00 8.14
(16.50) 75.42
7 Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% 0.595+13.33+2.27 35 89.25 6.24
(15.38) 80.21 7.12
(16.13) 78.50
8 Untreated Check - - 79.86 31.53
(33.45) - 33.12
(34.69) -
CD at 5% -- -- NS (1.38) (0.97)
SEM (±) -- -- (3.22) (0.44) (0.31)
DAA: Days After Application; Figures in parenthesis are arc sin transformed values

Effect on seed germination-
The highest rate of germination was observed in Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (90.38%), Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @ 00.735+15.9+2.62 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (91.65%) and @ 0.630+12.12+2.25 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (85.76%). The germination percentage varied between 81.51% and 91.65%. Nevertheless, all the treatments were observed non-significant.
Plant mortality percent due to White grub
Among all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (83.20%), Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @ 00.735+15.9+2.62 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (84.39%) and @ 0.630+12.12+2.25 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (82.87%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 30 days after application (DAA).
Similarly, all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (81.00%), Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @ 00.735+15.9+2.62 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (82.61%) and @ 0.630+12.12+2.25 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (80.09%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 45 days after application (DAA)
All the doses of Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% showed better result compared to individual applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 0.90 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (27.96%), Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @14 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (21.43%) and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @30 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (72.95%) against White grub of soybean at 45 DAA. (Table 2)

Table 2- Effect of different treatments on the incidence of White grub in Soybean crop-
Sr. No.
Treatments Dosage per 10 kg seeds Germination percentage Plant mortality % 30 DAA Protection over control (%) Plant mortality % 45 DAA Protection over control (%)
a.i.
(gm) per 10 kg seeds Formulation (gm/ml) per 10 kg seeds
1 Kasugamycin 3% SL 0.90 30 82.17 21.13
(27.22) 30.54 24.61
(30.46) 27.96
2 Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP 14 20 83.42 24.65
(30.68) 18.97 26.84
(31.19) 21.43
3 Thiamethoxam 30% FS 30 100 82.57 7.37
(16.15) 75.77 9.24
(17.36) 72.95
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS 0.90 + 14 + 30 30 + 20 + 100 90.38 5.11
(14.06) 83.20 6.49
(14.91) 81.00
5 Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% 0.525+10.10+1.87 25 83.62 6.53
(14.92) 78.53 7.32
(16.14) 78.57
6 Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% 0.630+12.12+2.25 30 85.76 5.21
(14.12) 82.87 6.80
(15.05) 80.09
7 Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% 0.735+15.9+2.62 35 91.65 4.75
(13.62) 84.39 5.94
(14.73) 82.61
8 Untreated Check - - 81.51 30.42
(32.27) - 34.16
(36.42) -
CD at 5% -- -- NS (1.42) (0.99)
SEM (±) -- -- (3.26) (0.48) (0.34)
DAA: Days After Application; Figures in parenthesis are arc sin transformed values

Effect on seed germination-
The highest rate of germination was observed in Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (91.26%), Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% @ 0.87+16.97+2.97 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (90.11%) and @ 0.75+14.55+2.55 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (85.41%). The germination percentage varied between 80.36% and 91.26%. Nevertheless, all the treatments were observed non-significant.
Plant mortality percent due to White grub
Among all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (83.25%), Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% @ 0.87+16.97+2.97 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (85.63%) and @ 0.75+14.55+2.55 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (84.55%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 30 days after application (DAA).
Similarly, all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (81.40%), Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% @ 0.87+16.97+2.97 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (83.92%) and @ 0.75+14.55+2.55 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (82.30%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 45 days after application (DAA)
All the doses of Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% showed better result compared to individual applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 0.90 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (25.70%), Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @14 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (20.79%) and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @30 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (73.65%) against White grub of soybean at 45 DAA. (Table 3)

Table 3- Effect of different treatments on the incidence of White grub in Soybean crop-
Sr. No.
Treatments Dosage per 10 kg seeds Germination percentage Plant mortality % 30 DAA Protection over control (%) Plant mortality % 45 DAA Protection over control (%)
a.i.
(gm) per 10 kg seeds Formulation (gm/ml) per 10 kg seeds
1 Kasugamycin 3% SL 0.90 30 85.62 24.53
(30.42) 26.25 26.48
(31.12) 25.70
2 Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP 14 20 84.47 25.18
(30.73) 24.29 28.23
(32.36) 20.79
3 Thiamethoxam 30% FS 30 100 83.58 8.48
(16.70) 74.50 9.39
(17.42) 73.65
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS 0.90 + 14 + 30 30 + 20 + 100 91.26 5.57
(14.41) 83.25 6.63
(15.38) 81.40
5 Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% 0.62+12.12+2.12 25 83.13 6.75
(15.52) 79.71 7.83
(16.15) 78.03
6 Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% 0.75+14.55+2.55 30 85.41 5.14
(14.27) 84.55 6.31
(15.13) 82.30
7 Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% 0.87+16.97+2.97 35 90.11 4.78
(13.85) 85.63 5.73
(15.07) 83.92
8 Untreated Check - - 80.36 33.26
(35.43) - 35.64
(37.15) -
CD at 5% -- -- NS (1.46) (0.10)
SEM (±) -- -- (3.29) (0.51) (0.36)
DAA: Days After Application; Figures in parenthesis are arc sin transformed values

Evaluation of Bio-efficacy on Chickpea
Chickpeas are important legumes in the world, and it is considered valuable for both their economic and nutritional value. A leguminous plant that is important for human nutrition because it provides high-quality carbs and proteins. Insect-pests are the major constraints in chickpea cultivation.
Termites are recognized to be major pests of chickpea crops. They can injure seedlings by cutting slightly below or above the soil surface. As a result of termites feeding on the roots and inner stems of mature plants, the plants dry out and crumble more easily.
Effect on seed germination-
The highest rate of germination was observed in Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (90.31%), Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% @ 0.595+13.33+2.27 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (91.08%) and @0.51+11.43+1.95 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (85.03%). The germination percentage varied between 81.30% and 91.08%. Nevertheless, all the treatments were observed non-significant.
Plant mortality percent due to Termite-
Among all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (82.19%), Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% @ 0.595+13.33+2.27 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (83.83%) and @ 0.51+11.43+1.95 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (76.75%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 30 days after application (DAA).
Similarly, all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (82.73%), Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% @ 0.595+13.33+2.27 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (82.14%) and @ 0.51+11.43+1.95 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (75.82%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 45 days after application (DAA)
All the doses of Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% showed better result compared to individual applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 0.90 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (28.22%), Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @14 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (23.84%) and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @30 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (79.42%) against Termite of chickpea at 45 DAA. (Table 4)

Table 4- Effect of different treatments on the incidence of Termite in Chickpea crop-
Sr. No.
Treatments Dosage per 10 kg seeds Germination percentage Plant mortality % 30 DAA Protection over control (%) Plant mortality % 45 DAA Protection over control (%)
a.i.
(gm) per 10 kg seeds Formulation (gm/ml) per 10 kg seeds
1 Kasugamycin 3% SL 0.90 30 85.45 23.41
(29.57) 27.64 25.56
(30.85) 28.22
2 Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP 14 20 84.24 25.16
(30.64) 22.23 27.12
(31.43) 23.84
3 Thiamethoxam 30% FS 30 100 83.46 6.48
(15.12) 79.97 7.33
(16.11) 79.42
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS 0.90 + 14 + 30 30 + 20 + 100 90.31 5.76
(14.52) 82.19 6.15
(15.04) 82.73
5 Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% 0.425+9.52+1.62 25 83.97 8.13
(16.51) 74.87 9.47
(17.18) 73.41
6 Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% 0.51+11.43+1.95 30 85.03 7.52
(16.25) 76.75 8.61
(16.73) 75.82
7 Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% 0.595+13.33+2.27 35 91.08 5.23
(14.43) 83.83 6.36
(15.07) 82.14
8 Untreated Check - - 81.30 32.35
(34.25) - 35.61
(38.19) -
CD at 5% -- -- NS (1.47) (0.11)
SEM (±) -- -- (3.30) (0.54) (0.37)
DAA: Days After Application; Figures in parenthesis are arc sin transformed values

Effect on seed germination-
The highest rate of germination was observed in Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (89.82%), Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @0.735+15.9+2.62 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (90.52%) and @ 0.630+12.12+2.25 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (84.38%). The germination percentage varied between 80.61% and 90.52%. Nevertheless, all the treatments were observed non-significant.
Plant mortality percent due to Termite-
Among all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (83.93%), Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @ 0.735+15.9+2.62 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (82.64%) and @ 0.630+12.12+2.25 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (82.34%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 30 days after application (DAA).
Similarly, all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (82.50%), Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @ @ 0.735+15.9+2.62 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (81.35%) and @ 0.630+12.12+2.25 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (80.50%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 45 days after application (DAA)
All the doses of Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% showed better result compared to individual applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 0.90 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (23.32%), Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @14 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (15.88%) and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @30 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (76.14%) against Termite of chickpea at 45 DAA. (Table 5)

Table 5- Effect of different treatments on the incidence of Termite in Chickpea crop-
Sr. No.
Treatments Dosage per 10 kg seeds Germination percentage Plant mortality % 30 DAA Protection over control (%) Plant mortality % 45 DAA Protection over control (%)
a.i.
(gm) per 10 kg seeds Formulation (gm/ml) per 10 kg seeds
1 Kasugamycin 3% SL 0.90 30 84.22 21.46
(27.58) 29.03 24.14
(30.25) 23.32
2 Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP 14 20 83.47 23.25
(29.62) 23.12 26.48
(31.10) 15.88
3 Thiamethoxam 30% FS 30 100 82.41 6.73
(15.44) 77.74 7.51
(16.12) 76.14
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS 0.90 + 14 + 30 30 + 20 + 100 89.82 4.86
(13.80) 83.93 5.51
(14.33) 82.50
5 Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% 0.525+10.10+1.87 25 82.75 7.55
(16.14) 75.03 8.37
(16.71) 73.41
6 Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% 0.630+12.12+2.25 30 84.38 5.34
(14.29) 82.34 6.14
(15.26) 80.50
7 Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% 0.735+15.9+2.62 35 90.52 5.25
(14.15) 82.64 5.87
(14.37) 81.35
8 Untreated Check - - 80.61 30.24
(32.63) - 31.48
(34.24) -
CD at 5% -- -- NS (1.48) (1.10)
SEM (±) -- -- (3.29) (0.50) (0.35)
DAA: Days After Application; Figures in parenthesis are arc sin transformed values

Effect on seed germination-
The highest rate of germination was observed in Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (91.51%), Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% @0.87+16.97+2.97 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (90.16%) and @ 0.75+14.55+2.55 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (85.64%). The germination percentage varied between 81.63% and 91.51%. Nevertheless, all the treatments were observed non-significant.
Plant mortality percent due to Termite-
Among all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (81.98%), Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% @ 0.87+16.97+2.97 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (84.46%) and @ 0.75+14.55+2.55 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (81.10%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 30 days after application (DAA).
Similarly, all the doses rates of combination and individual treatments, Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS (84.60%), Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% @ 0.87+16.97+2.97 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (83.62 %) and @ 0.75+14.55+2.55 gm a.i./10 Kg seeds (81.32%), treated plots were observed with highest per cent protection over control, along with lowest per cent plant mortality at 45 days after application (DAA)
All the doses of Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% showed better result compared to individual applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 0.90 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (32.88%), Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @14 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (23.38%) and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @30 gm a.i./10 kg seeds (77.49%) against Termite of chickpea at 45 DAA.(Table6)

Table 6- Effect of different treatments on the incidence of Termite in Chickpea crop-
Sr. No.
Treatments Dosage per 10 kg seeds Germination percentage Plant mortality % 30 DAA Protection over control (%) Plant mortality % 45 DAA Protection over control (%)
a.i.
(gm) per 10 kg seeds Formulation (gm/ml) per 10 kg seeds
1 Kasugamycin 3% SL 0.90 30 85.46 26.13
(31.11) 23.55 22.45
(27.33) 32.88
2 Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP 14 20 84.13 28.65
(32.47) 16.18 25.63
(30.84) 23.38
3 Thiamethoxam 30% FS 30 100 83.87 9.34
(17.86) 72.67 7.53
(15.81) 77.49
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS 0.90 + 14 + 30 30 + 20 + 100 91.51 6.16
(15.54) 81.98 5.15
(14.19) 84.60
5 Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% 0.62+12.12+2.12 25 83.49 9.28
(17.73) 72.85 8.10
(16.27) 75.78
6 Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% 0.75+14.55+2.55 30 85.64 6.46
(15.68) 81.10 6.25
(15.42) 81.32
7 Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% 0.87+16.97+2.97 35 90.16 5.31
(14.22) 84.46 5.48
(15.10) 83.62
8 Untreated Check - - 81.63 34.18
(35.73) - 33.45
(36.17) -
CD at 5% -- -- NS (1.59) (0.91)
SEM (±) -- -- (3.57) (0.47) (0.28)
DAA: Days After Application; Figures in parenthesis are arc sin transformed values

Conclusion
After evaluation of three formulations i.e., Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5%,Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% and Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5%at three different doses (25 gm/ 10 kg seeds, 30 gm/ 10 kg seeds and 35 gm/ 10 kg seeds). Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @ 30 gm/ 10 kg seeds found to be effective against White grub of Soybean crop and Termite of Chickpea crop in comparison to Tank mix formulation (Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS) as well as solo treatments (Kasugamycin 3% SL, Thiophanate Methyl 70%WP&Thiamethoxam 30% FS). Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @ 30 gm/ 10 kg seeds were found at par with higher formulation, higher dose and higher active ingredient.
Therefore, application of Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @ 30 gm/ 10 kg seeds (0.630+12.12+2.25 gm a.i/ 10 kg seeds) formulationcan be recommended for effective control of White grub in Soybean crop and Termite in Chickpea crop.
Example 4: Evaluation of Bio-efficacy & Phytotoxicity of Fungicidal Composition and thereof (Kasugamycin + Thiophanate methyl + Thiamethoxam) against Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)disease onSoybeancrop.
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops worldwide. F. oxysporum is one of the most destructive seedborne as well as soilborne fungi that can cause soybean root rot and wilt disease. When F. oxysporum attacks the soybean plant, the lower taproot and lateral roots turn brown to black and show cortical decay or prominent vascular discoloration. Finally, the lateral roots may also die and rot. Meanwhile, secondary roots may develop on the upper taproot of the plant. If the root rot becomes severe, the infected soybean may develop foliar symptoms such as marginal or entire leaf chlorosis, stunting, wilting, and finally defoliation. However, management of this pathogen is difficult due to its long persistence in the soil and wide host range. Few chemical fungicides are effective against this fungus. Seed treatment has been shown to be goodcontrolling the wilt disease.
Field evaluation of the bio - efficacy of present fungicidal composition:
The presently disclosed fungicidal (Kasugamycin + Thiophanate methyl + Thiamethoxam) composition, trial was laid out in a randomized block design consisting of eight treatments including control in three replications.
Measured quantity of the chemical was added to required volume of water (Sufficient to coat the seeds uniformly).
Synergistic effect of the different Fungicidal compositions:
Synergistic effect was checked using Colby’s method for ternary mixes. In the Colby’s method, for a given combination of three active components, E (expected efficacy) can be expressed as:
E = A+B+C – (AB+AC+BC) + (ABC)
100 1000
Where, E = expected efficacy,
A, B and C = the efficacy of three active ingredients A, B and C at a given dose.
Synergy ratio (R) = Experimentally observed efficacy (O)
Expected efficacy (E)
If the synergism ratio (R) between observed and expected is > 1 then synergy is exhibited, if R = 1 then the effect is additive and if R<1 then the mix is antagonistic.
The experimental data was statistically analysed by Randomized Block Design (RBD) (One factor analysis) using OPSTAT HAU statistical software. The results are expressed as Mean +SE (standard error) and data was statistically analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the level of significance set at p < 0.01.

Evaluation of Bio-efficacy against Wilt disease of Soybean-
Disease rating scale for Wilt disease ofSoybean:
S. No Rating Scale Description
1 0 0
2 1 No Symptoms of any plant
3 3 10 % of less
4 5 11-20 %
5 7 20-50 %
6 9 >50 %

The per cent disease index (PDI) for all mentioned diseases recorded calculated according to the following formula:
Sum of all numerical rating
Per cent disease index = ×100
Total No. of Plants × Maximum Rating Grade

Phytotoxicityobservations:
Phytotoxicity observations were recorded from all the treatments on 0-10 scale for Epinasty, Hyponasty, Chlorosis, Necrosis, vein clearing and stunting etc. after 3, 5,7 and 10 days of treatments.
Phytotoxicity scale (0-10):
Rating Crop Injury (%) Description
0 - No symptoms
1 1-10 slight discoloration
2 11-20 More severe, but not lasting
3 21-30 Moderate and more lasting
4 31-40 Medium and lasting
5 41-50 Moderately heavy
6 51-60 Heavy
7 61-70 Very heavy
8 71-80 Nearly destroyed
9 81-90 Destroyed
10 91-100 Completely destroyed

Evaluation of Bio-efficacy against Wilt disease in Soybean
Table 7. Evaluation of bio-efficacy & Phytotoxicity of Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% against Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)disease on Soybean crop.

T. No. Treatments Dosage
a.i.(gm)/10 kg seed
Formulation
(g/ml)/10kg seed
45 DAT Colby,s Value
60 DAT Colby,s Value

PDI % Control PDI % Control
1 Kasugamycin 3% SL 0.9 30 24.33
(29.51) 39.67
-
31.67
(34.22) 42.07 -


2 Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP 21 30 22.00
(27.94) 45.45 27.33
(31.50) 50.00
3 Thiamethoxam 30% FS 3 10 35.67
(36.63) 11.57 47.67
(43.64) 12.80
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS 0.9+21+3 30+30+10 8.67
(17.07) 78.51 1.10 10.67
(19.05) 80.49 1.07
5 Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% 0.425+9.52+ 1.62 25 15.67
(23.29) 61.16 0.86 19.33
(26.05) 64.63 0.86
6 Kasugamycin 1.7% +Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% 0.51+11.43+ 1.95 30 14.67
(22.47) 63.64 0.89 18.33
(25.33) 66.46 0.88
7 Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5% 0.595+13.33+ 2.27 35 14.00
(21.88) 65.29 0.92 16.67
(24.00) 69.51 0.93
8 Untreated Control - - 40.33
(39.40) - - 54.67
(47.65) - -
CD (5%) - - 2.322 - - 2.580 - -
SE(m) - - 0758 - - 0.842 - -
Figures in parenthesis are angular transformed values

Results:
The data presented in Table 7 showed that incidence of Wilt disease of Soybeanreduced in all the treatments. At 45th and 60th DAT, Tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS @0.9+21+3g/ml/10 kg seed was found as the best treatment in reducing the incidence to 78.51 and 80.49% respectively followed by Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5%@35 ml/10 kg seed with 65.29 and 69.51 % control, respectively. Kasugamycin1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5%@30 ml/10 kg seed resulted in 63.64 and 66.46 % control whereas, Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5%@25 ml/10 kg seed provided 61.16 and 64.63% control, respectively after 45th and 60th DAT, which were significantly superior in comparison to the solo application of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 30 ml/10 kg seed, Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP @ 30 ml/10 kg seed and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @ 10 ml/10 kg seedagainst wilt disease of Soybean. Among the treatments mentioned in Table 3, only tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS @0.9+21+3g/ml/10 kg seed showed synergistic effect with Colby’s synergistic value of 1.10 and 1.07 on 45th and 60th DAT, respectively.

Table 8. Evaluation of bio-efficacy & Phytotoxicity of Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5%against Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)disease on Soybeancrop.
T. no. Treatments Dosage
a.i.(g/ml)/
10 kg seed
Formulation
(g/ml)/10kg seed
45 DAT Colby,s Value 60 DAT Colby,s Value

PDI %Control


PDI %Control



1 Kasugamycin 3% SL 0.9 30 24.00
(29.29) 40.50 31.00
(33.81) 43.29
2 Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP 21 30 21.67
(27.72) 46.28 26.67
(31.06) 51.22
3 Thiamethoxam 30% FS 3 10 35.50
(36.53) 11.98 47.33
(43.45) 13.41
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS 0.9+21+3 30+30+10 8.33
(16.72) 79.34 1.10 10.33
(18.73) 81.10 1.06
5 Kasugamycin 2.1% +Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% 0.525+10.10+1.87 25 12.00
(20.24) 70.25 0.97 14.67
(22.49) 73.17 0.96
6 Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% 0.630+12.12+2.25 30 8.00
(16.40) 80.17 1.11 9.33
(17.77) 82.93 1.09
7 Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% 0.735+15.9+2.62 35 7.33
(15.65) 81.82 1.13 9.00
(17.43) 83.54 1.09
8 Untreated Control - - 40.33
(39.40) - - 54.67
(47.65) - -
CD (5%) - - 2.309 - - 2.007 - -
SE(m) - - 0.754 - - 0.655 - -
Figures in parenthesis are angular transformed values

Results:
The data presented in Table 8 showed that incidence of Wilt disease of Soybeanreduced in all the treatments. At 45th and 60th DAT, Tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS@0.9+21+3g/ml/10 kg seed was found as the best treatment in reducing the incidence to 79.34 and 81.10% respectively followed by Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5%@35 ml/10 kg seed with 81.82 and 83.54 % control, respectively. Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5%@30 ml/10 kg seed resulted in 80.17 and 82.93 % control whereas, Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5%@25 ml/10 kg seed provided 70.25 and 73.17% control, respectively after 45th and 60th DAT, which were significantly superior in comparison to the solo application of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 30 ml/10 kg seed, Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP @ 30 ml/10 kg seed and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @ 10 ml/10 kg seedagainst wilt disease of Soybean. Among the treatments mentioned in Table 4, only tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS @0.9+21+3g/ml/10 kg seed showed synergistic effect with Colby’s synergistic value of 1.10 and 1.06 on 45th and 60th DAT, respectively.

Table 9 . Evaluation of bio-efficacy & Phytotoxicity of Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5%against Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)disease on Soybeancrop.
T. no. Treatments Dosage
a.i.(g/ml)/10 kg seed Formulation
(g/ml)/10kg seed 45 DAT Colby,s Value
60 DAT Colby,s Value

PDI % Control PDI % Control
1 Kasugamycin 3% SL 0.9 30 23.83
(29.18) 40.91
-
30.67
(33.60) 43.90
-

2 Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP 21 30 21.83
(27.83) 45.87 26.33
(30.84) 51.83
3 Thiamethoxam 30% FS 3 10 35.33
(36.43) 12.40 47.33
(43.45) 13.41
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS 0.9+21+3 30+30+10 8.50
(16.93) 78.93 1.09 10.00
(18.41) 81.71 1.06
5 Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% 0.62+12.12+ 2.12 25 11.33
(19.66) 71.90 0.99 13.67
(21.68) 75.00 0.97
6 Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% 0.75+14.55+ 2.55 30 7.00
(15.33) 82.64 1.14 8.67
(17.10) 84.15 1.09
7 Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5% 0.87+16.97+ 2.97 35 6.67
(14.92) 83.47 1.16 8.33
(16.76) 84.76 1.10
8 Untreated Control - - 40.33
(39.40) - - 54.67
(47.65) - -
CD (5%) - - 2.145 - - 1.979 - -
SE(m) - - 0.700 - - 0.646 - -
Figures in parenthesis are angular transformed values

Results:
The data presented in Table 9 showed that incidence of Wilt disease of Soybeanreduced in all the treatments. At 45th and 60th DAT, Tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS@0.9+21+3g/ml/10 kg seed was found as the best treatment in reducing the incidence to 78.93 and 81.71% respectively followed by Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5%@35 ml/10 kg seed with 83.47 and 84.76 % control, respectively. Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5%@30 ml/10 kg seed resulted in 82.64 and 84.15 % control whereas, Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5%@25 ml/10 kg seed provided 71.90 and 75.00 % control, respectively after 45th and 60th DAT, which were significantly superior in comparison to the solo application of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 30 ml/10 kg seed, Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP @ 30 ml/10 kg seed and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @ 10 ml/10 kg seedagainst wilt disease of Soybean. Among the treatments mentioned in Table 5, only tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Thiamethoxam 30% FS @0.9+21+3g/ml/10 kg seed showed synergistic effect with Colby’s synergistic value of 1.09 and 1.05 on 45th and 60th DAT, respectively.
Phytotoxicity observations
Various Fungicidal compositions of the present invention provided good control of Wilt disease in Soybeancropas compared to the reference products. Further, the use of these Fungicidal compositions resulted in better crop condition i.e. fresh green leaves and didn’t produce any phytotoxic symptoms on the plants.

Table 10. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity effect of Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5%against Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)disease on Soybean.

Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 11. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity effect of Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5%against Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)disease on Soybean.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 12. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity effect of Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5%against Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum)disease on Soybean.

Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conclusion:
After evaluated of three formulations i.e., (Kasugamycin 1.7% + Thiophanate Methyl 38.1% + Thiamethoxam 6.5%, Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5%, Kasugamycin 2.5% + Thiophanate Methyl 48.5% + Thiamethoxam 8.5%) at three different doses @ 35 ml/10 kg seed, 30 ml/10 kg seed and 25 ml/10 kg seed). Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @30 ml/10 kg seed was found most effective against Wilt disease onSoybean crop in comparison to tank mix formulation (Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 30 ml/10 kg seed, Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 30 g/10 kg seed and Thiamethoxam 30% FS @ 10 ml/10 kg seed) Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @30 ml/10 kg seed was found at par with higher formulation, higher dose and higher active ingredient.
Therefore, application of Kasugamycin 2.1% + Thiophanate Methyl 40.4% + Thiamethoxam 7.5% @30 ml/10 kg seed (0.630+12.12+2.25gm a.i/10 kg seed) formulation can be recommended for effective control of Wilt disease on Soybean crop.
, Claims:
1. A composition comprising of
a) an effective amount of Kasugamycin or salt(s) thereof,
b) an effective amount of Thiophanate Methyl or salt(s) thereof,
c) an effective amount of Thiamethoxam or salt(s) thereof,
d) agriculturally acceptable additives.
2. A Synergistic composition comprising of
a) an effective amount of Kasugamycin or salt(s) thereof,
b) an effective amount of Thiophanate Methyl or salt(s) thereof,
c) an effective amount of Thiamethoxam or salt(s) thereof,
d) agriculturally acceptable additives.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said composition comprises of weight percentage of Kasugamycin is about 1% to 30%, the weight percentage of Thiophanate Methyl is about 1% to 50% and the weight percentage of Thiamethoxam is about 1% to 30% .
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said composition is formulated as a wettable powder (WP), a water dispersible granule (WDG), a water dispersible powder, a water dispersible tablet (WT), a suspension concentrate (SC), an ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, an ultralow volume (ULV) suspension (SU), a water soluble granule (SG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsifiable powder (EP), a dispersible concentrate (DC), an oil-in water emulsion (EW),seed treatments FS an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), a capsule suspension (CS), a dustable powder (DP) or an aerosol.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises of agriculturally acceptable formulation additives is selected from the group comprising o pH adjuster(s) Biocide(s),Rheology modifier(s), dispersing agent(s), antifreezing agent(s), defoamer(s), coloring agent(s), solvent (s) pH stabilizer (s) or a combination thereof.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising polymeric ester dispersant, ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate ester, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, acrylic copolymer, nonionic proprietary surfactant blend, polycarboxylates, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, aryl sulphonate condensate, sodium lignosulphonate, dispertox BS SPL, polystyrenatedacrylated co-polymer, modified styrene acrylic copolymer, salts of phenol sulfonic acids, Terwet 2700, butyl polyalkylene oxide block co-polymer, mixture of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates and polyalkylene oxide derivative of a synthetic alcohol, random co-polymer of alcoxylated polyethylene glycol or mixtures thereof.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the antifoaming agent is selected from the group comprisingperfluroalkylphosphonic acids, polydimethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion or mixtures thereof.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 1,wherein the rheology modifier is selected from the group comprising silica, fumed silica, modified fumed silica, bentonite, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, thickening silica, hydrated clay minerals, magnesium aluminium silicates, organic derivative of hectorite clay, hydrophobic fumed silica, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or mixture thereof
9. The compositionas claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the solvent is selected from the group comprising of Demineralized (DM) water, N-alkyl-pyrrolidone, oil medium selected from the group comprising, esterified fatty acids selected from methyl ester of triglycerides containing C12–C22 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, ethyl ester of triglycerides containing C12 –C22 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids such as methyl soyate, ethyl soyate, rapeseed methyl ester, rapeseed ethyl ester or mixtures thereof.
10. The composition as claimed in claim 1,wherein the biocide is selected from the group comprising 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, formaldehyde, dipropyl glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or mixtures thereof.
11. The composition as claimed in claim 1,wherein the antifreezing agent is selected from the group comprising ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, propane-1,2,3-triol, urea or mixtures thereof.
12.The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein suitable pH stabilizer(s) is selected from the group comprising of sodium or potassium carbonate, sodium or potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium or potassium dihydrogenphosphate, disodium or dipotassium hydrogenphosphate, citric acid, malic acid and triethanolamine, or a combination thereof.
13. The composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein suitable coloring agent(s) is selected from the group comprising of of dye, pigment or mixtures thereof such as Triaryl methane acid blue, 3-hydroxy-N-(2-methylphenyl)-4-[(E)-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)diazinyl]-2-naphthamideand Acid Brilliant Green and Red FGR03 or a combination thereof.
14. The composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein Wetting cum dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend alkylphenol ethoxylates or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, lignosulfonates, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensates, Mixture of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates andpolyalkylene oxide derivative of a synthetic alcohol tristyrylphenol ethoxylates or a combination thereof.
15. A process for preparing the Flowable Suspension (FS). composition comprising the steps of-
• In demineralized waterdipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2-diol, mixture of tristyrylphenol ethoxylates and polyalkylene oxide derivative of a syntheticalcohol, acrylic copolymer, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate and sodium lignosulphonate is added.
• Add all these ingredienst into the clean pre-mixing vessel fitted with the homogenizer
• Mix all ingredients thoroughly for sufficient time to obtain a uniform mixture.
• The active ingredients, Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, Thiamethoxam, precipitated silica and coloring agent is added .
• Continue to mix for sufficient time with the homogenizer to obtain a slurry.
• Pass the slurry through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation.
• Reduce the particle size to ensure d(90) < 20 microns, achieving a uniform milled slurry.
• The slurry was passed through jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation for particle size reduction to obtain a milled slurry of desirable particle size of d(90)<20 micron.
• The milled slurry was collected into post mixing vessel fitted with the stirrer.
• Collect the milled slurry into a post-mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer.
• Add a pH stabilizer under stirring to maintain the required pH.
• Add a rheology modifier in the form of 2% xanthan gum solution (prepared in demineralized water).
• Continue mixing until the xanthan gum is fully dispersed, forming a homogeneous Flowable Suspension (FS) suitable for seed treatment.
16. A process for preparing a Suspension concentrate composition comprising the steps of-
• In demineralized water dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2-diol, non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer and sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensateasisadded .
• Add these ingredients into a clean pre-mixing vessel fitted with a homogenizer.
• Mix all ingredients thoroughly for sufficient time to obtain a uniform mixture.
• The active ingredients, Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, Thiamethoxam and precipitated silica is added
• Continue mixing with the homogenizer for sufficient time to form a slurry
• Pass the slurry through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation.
• Reduce the particle size to achieve a desirable size of d(90) < 20 microns.
• Transfer the milled slurry into a post-mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer.
• Add a pH stabilizer to the milled slurry while stirring.
• Add a rheology modifier in the form of 2% xanthan gum solution (prepared in demineralized water) to the post-mixing vessel.
• Continue stirring for sufficient time to ensure proper mixing of xanthan gum and form a homogeneous Suspension Concentrate (SC).