Description:FIELD OF DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates to a combination of Kasugamycin, Thiophanate methyl and Azoxystrobin and its composition and methods of preparation thereof. Particularly, the present invention relates to a synergistic composition comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophanate methyl and Azoxystrobin, methods of preparation of the composition and use thereof for the control of a wide variety of undesired phytopathogenic microorganisms, insect pests and fungi.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
Fungal diseases represent a major challenge in the cultivation of a wide range of economically significant crops, particularly within the class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons). These plants, encompassing numerous families such as Solanaceae, Fabaceae, and Cucurbitaceae, are vital sources of food, spices, and industrial raw materials. Fungal pathogens, including species of the genus Colletotrichum, cause devastating diseases like anthracnose, which can affect fruits, leaves, stems, and other plant parts, resulting in reduced yields and compromised quality.
Anthracnose is a prominent disease that threatens crops such as tomatoes, chillies, bell peppers, beans, cucumbers, and other dicots. It is characterized by symptoms such as sunken lesions, fruit rots, stem dieback, and leaf spots. The disease can persist under various environmental conditions due to the hardiness of fungal spores and their ability to survive on plant debris and seeds. Rapid disease spread under high humidity and moderate temperatures often leads to epidemics, causing substantial economic losses.
Traditional approaches for managing fungal diseases rely heavily on individual fungicides, which frequently lead to resistance development in pathogens. Moreover, such strategies often fail to address the complex infection cycles and varied modes of action required to achieve effective and sustainable control. This underscores the critical need for innovative solutions that combine broad-spectrum efficacy, synergistic action, and environmental safety.
To address these issues, the present disclosureintroduces a novel fungicidal composition comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin. This innovative combination targets a wide range of fungal pathogens affecting diverse crops within the dicotyledon class, offering a robust and versatile tool for diseasemanagement.
Kasugamycin Derived from Streptomyces kasugaensis, Kasugamycin is a potent aminoglycoside fungicide and antibiotic. It exhibits a unique mode of action by inhibiting protein synthesis via ribosomal binding, which disrupts translation processes in fungal pathogens. Its role as a competitive inhibitor of glycoside hydrolase enzymes further enhances its antifungal properties. Kasugamycin is effective against a broad spectrum of fungal species, making it an integral component in managing anthracnose and other diseases across multiple crops.
It has IUPAC name is 2-amino-2-[(2R,3S,5S,6R)-5-amino-2-methyl-6-[(2R,3S,5S,6S)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxanyl]iminoacetic acidand has following structure:

KASUGAMYCIN
Thiophanate-methyl thiourea class of fungicides it acts systemically to inhibit fungal mitosis by disrupting microtubule assembly. Its broad-spectrum efficacy makes it suitable for controlling various diseases, including powdery mildew, scabs, and grey mold, across multiple crops. Its translocation ability within plant tissues ensures long-lasting protection and curative action.
It has IUPAC name is methyl N-[[2(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamateand has following structure

THIOPHANATE-METHYL
Azoxystrobin is strobilurin fungicide, Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration in fungi by targeting the cytochrome bc1 complex. This action disrupts energy production, leading to the effective suppression of fungal growth. Azoxystrobin is known for its wide-spectrum activity, systemic properties, and dual protective and curative capabilities. It is effective against multiple fungal species affecting diverse plant families.
It has IUPAC name is methyl (2E)-2-(2-{[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4 yl]oxy}phenyl)-3-methoxyprop-2-enoatehas following structure

AZOXYSTROBIN
The combination of active ingridients Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin leverages their distinct yet complementary modes of action, creating a synergistic effect that significantly enhances disease control. The composition offers:
• Broad-Spectrum Activity: Effective against multiple fungal pathogens across various crop families.
• Resistance Management: Reduces the likelihood of resistance development by employing multiple modes of action.
• Sustainability: Optimizes fungicide usage, minimizing environmental impact and ensuring crop safety.
The effectiveness of the present disclosure’s composition/formulation has been demonstrated through field trials conducted on a variety of crops. The trials show cased its superior control of anthracnose disease, with reduced phytotoxicity and enhanced plant safety. The synergistic effect of the three active ingredients has been validated through Colby's method, confirming its enhanced efficacy compared to individual or binary fungicide applications.
The present disclosure provides a transformative solution to the persistent challenge of fungal diseases, ensuring improved productivity and sustainability in diverse agricultural systems, more specifically, a limited example are as defined for the chilli, tomato crop as defined below-
Chilli (genus Capsicum) is a globally cultivated crop valued for its culinary and economic significance. It serves as a vital ingredient in various forms, including fresh, dried, powdered, and processed products such as sauces and oleoresins. Despite its widespread cultivation and utility, chilli crops face significant threats from fungal diseases, which result in considerable economic losses. Among these, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici is one of the most destructive diseases. It affects the fruits, stems, and leaves of chilli plants, causing characteristic lesions, fruit rot, and shriveling, thereby diminishing both yield and quality.
The management of anthracnose has been challenging due to its ability to persist on plant debris and seeds, combined with its rapid spread under conducive environmental conditions, such as high humidity and moderate temperatures. Conventional fungicides often fail to provide long-lasting or complete protection due to the pathogen's resistance development and the complex lifecycle of Colletotrichum capsici.
In this context, there is a pressing need to develop advanced fungicidal solutions that offer enhanced efficacy, broader-spectrum activity, and resistance management. Synergistic combinations of fungicides are of particular interest as they can provide multiple modes of action against pathogens, reduce the likelihood of resistance, and improve crop health while minimizing environmental impact.
The present disclosure addresses the above-mentioned challenges by formulating a novel fungicidal composition comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin. This unique combination exhibits a synergistic effect, enhancing its bio-efficacy against anthracnose and potentially other fungal diseases affecting the crops. The present disclosure also encompasses a process for preparing this composition and methods of application to maximize its protective and curative properties.
The present disclosure not only improves fungal control but also addresses the need for formulations that are stable under various environmental conditions, easy to mix and apply, and safe for non-target organisms when used as directed. By reducing the likelihood of resistance development and minimizing the environmental impact, the disclosure offers a sustainable and efficient solution for fungal management in agriculture.
OBJECTIVE OF THE DISCLOSURE
The main objective of the present disclosure is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin that enhances disease control efficacy beyond the sum of their individual effects.
Another important objective of the present disclosure is to deliver broad-spectrum fungicidal activity that effectively targets fungal diseases, including but not limited to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici, across diverse crops within the class Magnoliopsida.
Another objective of the present disclosure is to mitigate the development of resistance in fungal pathogens by utilizing a multi-component approach with complementary modes of action.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to ensure the stability of the fungicidal composition under various storage and environmental conditions, preventing degradation or separation of active ingredients to maintain consistent performance.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to reduce the effective dosage levels of the active ingredients while maintaining superior disease control, minimizing potential phytotoxic effects on crops and reducing environmental impact.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a formulation that is easy to prepare, mix, and apply, ensuring uniform distribution and efficient coverage on plants for optimal disease management.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to enhance crop health and yield by protecting plants during critical growth stages from fungal diseases, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to offer an environmentally safer fungicidal solution by minimizing harmful residues on crops, thereby reducing health risks for farmers, consumers, and non-target organisms.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to validate the synergistic action of the composition using robust statistical and scientific methods, ensuring reproducible and reliable results across varying field conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure introduces a novel fungicidal composition comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin, designed to enhance the efficacy of disease control, broaden the spectrum of targeted fungal pathogens, and improve the formulation's stability for agricultural use.
In one aspect of the present disclosure, the fungicidal composition includes agrochemically acceptable excipients such as wetting agents cum dispersing agent, dispersing agents, anti-freezing agents, antifoaming agents, colorants, pH adjuster, Rheology modifier , and solvents. These active ingredients can be combined with any solid or liquid additives or formulation aids that comply with standard formulation techniques
In one aspect of the present disclosure, the process for preparing a suspension concentrate (SC) composition involves the following steps: In a pre-mixing vessel containing demineralized water, components such as dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2,3-triol, a non-ionic surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer, and sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate are added and mixed using a homogenizer. The active ingredients comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, Azoxystrobin, and precipitated silicaare then added to this mixture to form a slurry.This slurry is passed through a bead mill with chilled water circulation to achieve a particle size of d(90) < 20 microns. The milled slurry is transferred to a post-mixing vessel where a pH stabilizer is added, followed by the incorporation of a xanthan gum-based rheology modifier. The mixture is stirred until a homogeneous suspension is formed. This process yields a stable SC formulation that is ideal for foliar application, providing consistent disease control across crops.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, the process for preparing a flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS) composition is described as follows, In demineralized water, dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2,3-triol, a non-ionic surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer, and sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate are mixed in a pre-mixing vessel using a homogenizer. Subsequently, the active ingredients—Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, Azoxystrobin, precipitated silica, and a coloring agent—are added to the mixture to form a slurry.The slurry is milled using a bead mill with chilled water circulation to achieve a particle size of d(90) < 20 microns. The milled slurry is transferred to a post-mixing vessel, where a pH stabilizer and xanthan gum-based rheology modifier are incorporated under stirring. This results in a flowable and stable FS composition, specifically designed for seed treatment applications, ensuring uniform seed coating and enhanced disease protection.The fungicidal composition of the present disclosure is developed using precise ratios of Kasugamycin (a broad-spectrum antibiotic with fungicidal properties), Thiophanate-methyl (a thiourea-based fungicide), and Azoxystrobin (a strobilurin fungicide). This composition offers enhanced protection against fungal diseases such as anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) and other economically significant diseases in crops across various plant species. The formulation process involves the careful blending of active ingredients with agrochemically acceptable excipients.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, the fungicidal composition is formulated as capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG) Emulsifiable water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsifiable for seed treatment (ES), Emulsifiable oil-in-water 30 (EW), flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible granules (WDG) and Wettable powders (WP), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), soluble liquid (SL).
In yet another aspect, the composition can be customized based on specific crop requirements and disease management protocols, allowing for targeted application and maximum effectiveness. The development of this composition ensures that the active ingredients work synergistically, providing enhanced disease control beyond the sum of individual effects.
Additionally, the present disclosure emphasizes maintaining formulation stability under various storage conditions, ensuring long-term efficacy with reduced active ingredient concentrations. This approach minimizes the potential for fungal resistance, offering a solution that contributes to sustainable agricultural practices by reducing the reliance on single-action fungicides. The improved formulation stability also reduces potential phytotoxicity, offering a safer, more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fungicides.
The present disclosure's innovative fungicidal composition promises to advance fungal disease management in agriculture by providing a highly effective, robust, and stable solution that supports crop health, maximizes yields, and minimizes environmental impact.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity. The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. Throughout this specification, the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” or “containing” or “has” or “having”, or “including but not limited to” wherever used, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
Reference throughout this specification to “some embodiments”, “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in some embodiments”, “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification may not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. It is appreciated that certain features of the disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
The term “about” as used herein encompasses variations of +/-5% and more preferably +/-2.5%, as such variations are appropriate for practicing the present disclosure. The nature of the disclosure and the manner in which it is performed is clearlydescribedin the specification. The disclosure has various components,and they are clearly described in the detailed description.
For convenience, before further description of the present disclosure, certain terms employed in the specification, and examples are collected here. These definitionsshould be read in the light of the remainder of the disclosure and understood as by a person of skill in the art. The terms used herein have the meanings recognized and known to those of skill in the art, however, for convenience and completeness, particular terms and their meanings are set forth below.
a. Synergistic Effect- The combined effect of two or more substances or agents that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. In the context of fungicides, synergy refers to the enhanced efficacy of a composition when multiple active ingredients work together against a target pathogen.
b. Anthracnose- A group of fungal diseases caused by species of Colletotrichum, characterized by dark, sunken lesions on fruits, leaves, and stems of plants. It is a significant issue in agriculture, particularly affecting crops like chilli, tomato, and cucumber.
c. Broad-Spectrum Fungicide- A fungicide that is effective against a wide range of fungal pathogens, providing comprehensive disease control across various crops and plant parts.

d. Resistance Management- A strategy in pest and disease control aimed at delaying or preventing the development of resistance in target pathogens or pests. This involves using diverse modes of action, alternating chemical classes, and employing integrated pest management techniques.
e. Phytotoxicity- The toxic effect of a chemical substance, such as a pesticide or fungicide, on plants. Phytotoxicity symptoms can include leaf burn, chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, or deformation.
f. Mode of Action (MOA)- The specific biochemical mechanism through which a fungicide affects a fungal pathogen. Examples include disrupting cell membrane integrity, inhibiting protein synthesis, or halting energy production in fungi.
g. Active Ingredient (AI)- The component of a fungicidal, herbicidal, or insecticidal product responsible for its biological effect against a target organism. For example, Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin are active ingredients in the present composition.
h. Systemic Fungicide- A fungicide that is absorbed by plants and translocated to different parts, providing internal protection against fungal pathogens. Systemic fungicides are often curative and protect new growth.
i. Colby’s Method- A statistical method used to determine the presence of synergism in a mixture of active ingredients. It compares the observed efficacy of a combination to the expected efficacy based on individual effects.
j. Dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida)- A class of flowering plants characterized by two seed leaves (cotyledons) in the embryo. They include crops like chilli, tomato, beans, and cucumbers, which are commonly affected by fungal diseases.
Abbreviations
• AI – Active Ingredient
• MOA – Mode of Action
• PDI – Per Cent Disease Index
• PDI – Phytotoxicity Disease Index
• RBD – Randomized Block Design
• ANOVA – Analysis of Variance
• FOP – Fungicidal Organic Products
• BCA – Biological Control Agent

All processes described in this disclosure may be performed in any suitable sequence, unless explicitly stated otherwise or clearly contradicted by the context. The use of examples or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) in relation to specific embodiments is solely for the purpose of illustrating the disclosure and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the disclosure as defined by the claims. No part of this specification should be construed to imply that any non-claimed element is essential to the implementation of the disclosure.
In the context of this disclosure, the terms "formulation" and "composition" are used interchangeably to refer to the combination of active ingredients designed for fungicidal activity.
The present disclosure relates to a fungicidal composition comprising specific three active ingredients, with each ingredient being present within a defined percentage by weight of the overall composition. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition comprising a synergistic blend of Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin, formulated to deliver superior control of fungal diseases and enhanced formulation stability for agricultural applications.
In an embodiment, the fungicidal composition comprises: Kasugamycin in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 25.0% by weight of the formulation, Thiophanate-methyl in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 50.0% by weight of the formulation, and Azoxystrobin in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 30.0% by weight of the formulation.
In an embodiment, the combination of these active ingredients in the defined ranges ensures a highly effective, broad-spectrum fungicidal composition that offers protection against various fungal pathogens in agricultural settings. The composition can be applied to crops to prevent and control fungal diseases, thereby improving crop yield and quality.
In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the agrochemically acceptable excipients of the formulation are selected from the group consisting of Wetting cum dispersing agent, dispersing agents, antifoaming agents, Rheology modifiers, solvents, Ph adjusters, anti-freezing agent and coloring agents.
In an embodiment, the wetting cum dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend alkylphenol ethoxylates or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, lignosulfonates, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates. In a preferred embodiment, thewetting cum dispersing agentin an amount of from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polymeric ester dispersant, ethoxylated polyarylphenol phosphate ester, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate/naphthalene sulphonic acid condensate, acrylic copolymer,nonionic proprietary surfactant blend, polycarboxylates, calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, aryl sulphonate condensate,sodium lignosulphonate, dispertoxBSSPL,polystyrenatedacrylated co-polymer, modified styrene acrylic copolymer, salts of phenol sulfonic acids, Terwet 2700,butyl polyalkylene oxide block co-polymer, mixture of tristyrylphenolethoxylates and polyalkylene oxide derivative of a synthetic alcohol, random co-polymer of alcoxylated polyethylene glycol or mixtures thereof; In a preferred embodiment, the dispersing agent is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 10.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the Antifreezing agents is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to selected from the group comprising of ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,2,3-triol, urea or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the antifreezing agent is present in an amount of from 0% to 15% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the Antifoaming agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to polydimethyl siloxane, polydimethyl siloxane emulsion or mixtures thereof; In a preferred embodiment, the antifoaming agent is present in an amount of from 0.01% to 5.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the Rheology modifier is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to precipitated silica, fumed silica, modified fumed silica, bentonite, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, thickening silica, hydrated clay minerals, magnesium aluminium silicates, organic derivative of hectorite clay, hydrophobic fumed silica, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or mixture thereof; In a preferred embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 20.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the PH adjuster is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to selected from the group comprising of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium oxalate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium phosphate, trisodium citrate, monoethanol amine, triethanol amine, triethylamine, dibasic esters selected from dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, ortho phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, hydrochloric acid or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the Ph modifier is present in an amount of from 0% to 5% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the Coloring agents is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to coloring agent by weight of the formulation selected from dye and pigment. In a preferred embodiment, the coloring agents is present in an amount of from ranges from 0.01% to 5.0 % by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the rheology modifier is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to precipitated silica, modified fumed silica, bentonite, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, thickening silica, hydrated clay minerals, magnesium aluminium silicates, organic derivative of hectorite clay, hydrophobic fumed silica, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or mixture thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount of from ranges from 0.1% to 20.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the Ph adjuster selected from the group comprising of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium acetate, sodium oxalate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, trisodium phosphate, citric acid, trisodium citrate, monoethanol amine, triethanol amine, triethylamine, dibasic esters selected from dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, ortho phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, hydrochloric acid or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the PH adjuster is present in an amount of from ranges from 0% to 5% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the Solvents is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to Demineralized (DM) water, N-alkyl-pyrrolidone, oil medium selected from the group comprising, esterified fatty acids selected from methyl and/or ethyl ester of vegetable oil such as methyl soyate, ethyl soyate, rapeseed methyl ester, rapeseed ethyl ester or mixtures thereof. The Solvents is present in an amount of from 0% to 95% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In a specific embodiment, the composition is prepared as a suspension concentrate (SC) formulation, wherein Kasugamycin is present at 2.2% by weight,Thiophanate-methyl at 38% by weight, andAzoxystrobin at 9.8% by weight.This formulation also includes 1.5% of a nonionic surfactant blend, 2.0% acrylic copolymer as a dispersing agent, and 7.0% propane-1,2,3-triol as an antifreezing agent. Additional components such as 0.1% dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one as a biocide, 0.2% polydimethylsiloxane as an antifoaming agent, and 10.0% xanthan gum-based rheology modifier are included, with demineralized water making up the balance.
In another specific embodiment, the composition is formulated as a flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS), where the active ingredient concentrations are identical to the SC but include 0.05% coloring agent for visual identification. This formulation provides effective seed coating, ensuring enhanced disease resistance during germination and early growth stages.
In an embodiment, the process for preparing the SC formulation involves dispersing all components in demineralized water, homogenizing, and bead milling to achieve a particle size of d(90)<20 microns, followed by the addition of stabilizers and rheology modifiers for long-term stability.
In another embodiment, the FS formulation preparation includes a similar process with the incorporation of a coloring agent during homogenization to achieve a flowable, stable suspension.
In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fungicidal composition effective against a diverse array of pathogenic microorganisms. The pathogenic microorganisms targeted by this disclosure are selected from the group comprising Colletotrichum spp. (anthracnose) on chilli, tomato, cotton, rice, soybeans, and potatoes; Phytophthora infestans (late blight) on tomato, potatoes, apple, and grapevines; Alternaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on citrus fruits, rapeseed, sugar beets, rice, soybeans, potatoes, and wheat; Botrytis cinerea (grey mold) on fruits and berries such as strawberries, vegetables like lettuce, carrots, celery, and cabbages, as well as on rape, flowers, vines, forestry plants, and wheat; Fusarium spp. (wilt, root, or stem rot) on cotton, cereals including wheat and barley, tomatoes, soybeans, and corn; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on vegetables, field crops such as rapeseed and sunflowers, soybeans, and cotton; Rhizoctonia spp. (root and stem rot) on soybeans, rice, peanut, wheat, barley, and corn; Pythium spp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, and various vegetables; and Venturia spp. (scab) on apples and pears.
These pathogenic microorganisms adversely affect a wide range of economically important crops, leading to significant yield losses and quality degradation. The fungicidal composition of the present disclosure, comprising Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin, exhibits broad-spectrum efficacy against these pathogens, ensuring robust protection and enhanced crop productivity across multiple agricultural sectors.
In another embodiment, the present disclosure discloses a fungicidal composition tailored to control an extensive variety of fungal diseases across numerous plant species. The targeted pathogenic microorganisms include Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides (eyespot) on cereals such as wheat and barley; Setosphaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn and turf; Puccinia spp. (rusts) on cereals including wheat, barley, and rye, as well as on sugar cane and asparagus; Phoma spp. on peanuts, beans, citrus fruits, and sugar beets; Leptosphaeria maculans (blackleg) on oilseed crops; Mycosphaerella spp. on peas, beans, cereals, bananas, soft fruits, and groundnuts; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage, rape, onions, tobacco, and soybeans; Verticillium spp. (wilt) on fruits, ornamentals, vines, vegetables, and field crops such as strawberries, rape, potatoes, and tomatoes; Rhynchosporiumsecalis (scald) on barley, rye, and triticale; and Sphaerothecafuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucurbits.
The fungicidal composition, containing a synergistic blend of Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin, demonstrates high efficacy in mitigating these fungal pathogens, thereby safeguarding crop health and enhancing agricultural yields. This broad-spectrum activity makes the composition versatile and applicable to a wide range of crops, including cereals (e.g., wheat, barley, rice), fruits (e.g., apples, pears, strawberries), vegetables (e.g., chilli, tomato, lettuce), leguminous plants (e.g., soybeans, peas, chickpeas), oil plants (e.g., rapeseed, sunflowers, cotton), and ornamentals. By effectively controlling multiple fungal diseases across these diverse plant species, the present disclosure offers a comprehensive solution for modern agricultural challenges, promoting sustainable crop management and maximizing production efficiency.
The present disclosure offers significant advantages, including enhanced control of fungal pathogens, stability under various storage conditions, and suitability for diverse agricultural applications. The synergistic action of Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin ensures superior efficacy, minimizing the need for repeated applications and reducing the environmental footprint. These features make the disclosed composition a highly effective, sustainable, and economical solution for modern agriculture.
It is to be understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is illustrative of the disclosure and not a limitation. While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the particular features of this disclosure, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made, and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein. Similarly, additional embodiments and features of the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in art based upon description provided herein.
Descriptions of well-known/conventional methods/steps and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. Further, the disclosure herein provides for examples illustrating the above-described embodiments, and in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure certain aspects have been employed. The examples used herein for such illustration are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the following examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Suspension Concentrate (SC) Formulation and process of preparation thereof-
The Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation was meticulously prepared in accordance with the present disclosure, utilizing the components outlined in Table 1.
Table 1: Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation.
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Kasugamycin 2.20 Active Ingredient
Thiophanate-methyl 38.00 Active Ingredient
Azoxystrobin 9.80 Active Ingredient
Non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend 1.50 Wetting cum dispersing agent
Acrylic copolymer 2.00 Dispersing agent
Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate 1.50 Dispersing agent
Propane-1,2,3-triol 7.00 Antifreezing Agent
Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10 Biocide
Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion 0.20 Antifoaming agent
Precipitated Silica 1.00 Rheology modifier
Citric acid 0.05 pH adjuster
Xanthum gum (2 % w/w aqueous) 10.00 Rheology modifier
Demineralized Water Balance to 100 Solvent

Process for Preparing Suspension Concentrate (SC) Formulation:
In demineralized water, constituents such as dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2,3-triol, non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer, and sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, were added into a clean pre-mixing vessel fitted with a homogenizer. All the ingredients were mixed thoroughly for a sufficient duration using the homogenizer to obtain a uniform mixture.
The active ingredientsKasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl and Azoxystrobin, and precipitated silicawere subsequently added to the mixture, and the homogenization was continued for a sufficient time to produce a slurry. The obtained slurry was then passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation to achieve particle size reduction, resulting in a milled slurry with a desirable particle size of d(90) < 20 microns.
The milled slurry was collected in a post-mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer. A pH stabilizer was added to the slurry under continuous stirring, followed by the addition of a rheology modifier, specifically 2% xanthan gum in demineralized water. The contents were stirred for a sufficient duration to ensure proper mixing and the formation of a homogeneous suspension concentrate (SC) fungicidal composition.
Example 2: Flowable suspension (FS) Formulationand process of preparation thereof-
The Flowable suspension (FS) Formulation was precisely prepared in accordance with the present disclosure, utilizing the components outlined in Table 2.

Table 2: Flowable suspension (FS) Formulation.
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Kasugamycin 2.20 Active Ingredient
Thiophanate-methyl 38.00 Active Ingredient
Azoxystrobin 9.80 Active Ingredient
Non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend 1.50 Wetting cum dispersing agent
Acrylic copolymer 2.00 Dispersing agent
Sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate 1.50 Dispersing agent
Propane-1,2,3-triol 7.00 Antifreezing Agent
Dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10 Biocide
Polydimethylsiloxane emulsion 0.20 Antifoaming agent
Precipitated Silica 1.00 Rheology modifier
Naphthalene AS Red 0.05 Coloring agent
Citric acid 0.05 pH adjuster
Xanthum gum (2 % w/w aqueous) 10.00 Rheology modifier
Demineralized Water Balance to 100 Solvent

Process for Preparing Flowable Suspension for Seed Treatment (FS) Formulation:
In demineralized water, constituents such as dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2,3-triol, non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer, and sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, were added into a clean pre-mixing vessel fitted with a homogenizer. All the ingredients were mixed thoroughly for a sufficient duration using the homogenizer to obtain a uniform mixture.
The active ingredientsKasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, Azoxystrobin, precipitated silica, and a coloring agentwere then added to the mixture, and the homogenization was continued for a sufficient time to produce a slurry. The obtained slurry was passed through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation to achieve particle size reduction, resulting in a milled slurry with a desirable particle size of d(90) < 20 microns.
The milled slurry was collected in a post-mixing vessel fitted with a stirrer. A pH stabilizer was added to the slurry under continuous stirring, followed by the addition of a rheology modifier, specifically 2% xanthan gum in demineralized water. The contents were stirred for a sufficient duration to ensure proper mixing and the formation of a flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS) fungicidal composition.
Example 3: Stability Evaluation of Fungicidal Composition Under Accelerated and Low-Temperature Storage Conditions-
According to the FAO/WHO manual, the accelerated storage test serves as an indicator of product stability, suggesting that the product remains stable for at least two years under ambient conditions. The test involves subjecting the product to storage at 54 ± 2°C for 14 days, which simulates long-term stability at ambient temperature. Additionally, the FAO/WHO manual recommends a low-temperature storage test at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days to evaluate the product's behavior under cold storage conditions.
The ambient sample refers to the product stored at room temperature before it undergoes the accelerated storage test.
The accelerated storage sample refers to the product subjected to the conditions of 54 ± 2°C for 14 days.
These tests collectively assess the stability of the formulation, ensuring its integrity, efficacy, and performance over extended storage durations under varying temperature conditions.

Table 3: Depicted the following
Sr. No. Test Unit of measurement Results
14 days Ambient 14 days
Accelerated storage at 54 °C
1 Appearance -- White to off white homogeneous suspension free from extraneous matter White to off white homogeneous suspension free from extraneous matter
2 Active content % w/w
As Azoxystrobin 9.85 9.81
As Kasugamycin 2.25 2.22
As Thiophanate-methyl 38.52 38.15
3 Suspensibility gravimetrically in CIPAC standard water D at 25 ± 5°C. % w/w 92.5 91.7
4 pH -- 4.4 4.2
5 Wet Sieve retained on 75µ test sieve % w/w 0.20 0.30
6 Persistent Foam ml 20 25
7 Pourability (as residue) % w/w 4.8 4.3
8 Spontaneity of dispersion in CIPAC standard water D at 30 ± 2°C % w/w 95.6 94.3
9 Stability at 0°Cfor 7 days -- After storage at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days, the formulation complies the general criteria of suspensibility and wet sieve test of formulation

Example 4: Bio-efficacy of Composition Against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) disease of Chilli:
Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is an important spice as well as a vegetable crop grown globally. Pungent forms are used as green chilli, dry chilli, chilli powder, chilli paste, chilli sauce, chilli oleoresin, or in mixed forms. Dried fruits are extensively used as a spice. Disease infestation is one of the major factors for yield loss under irrigated conditions. Chilli is usually planted at wider spacing and grows very slowly during the fruiting stage. Diseases that emerge and become established during the fruiting stages of chilli growth can be very competitive and significantly reduce the chilli yield potential. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici)is an economically important disease affecting chilli crop.
The present study investigates the bio-efficacy of a novel fungicidal composition containing Kasugamycin, Thiophanate methyl, and Azoxystrobin against Anthracnose disease (caused by Colletotrichum capsici) in chilli crops. The trials were conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) with eight treatments, including a control, and replicated three times.
Measured quantity of the chemical was added to required volume of water i.e., 500 liters of water per hectarewas added for foliar spray. The spray tank was filled with half the quantity of clean required volume of water and then the measured chemical (according to the dose) was added followed by the rest half quantity of water was added. Knapsack sprayer fitted with boom along with flood jet nozzle was used to apply the spray of fungicidal composition.
Synergistic effect of the different Fungicidal compositions:
Synergistic effect was checked using Colby’s method for ternary mixes. In the Colby’s method, for a given combination of three active components, E (expected efficacy) can be expressed as:

E = A+B+C – (AB+AC+BC) + (ABC)
100 1000
Where, E = expected efficacy,
A, B and C = the efficacy of three active ingredients A, B and C at a given dose.
Synergy ratio (R) = Experimentally observed efficacy (O)
Expected efficacy (E)
If the synergism ratio (R) between observed and expected is > 1 then synergy is exhibited, if R = 1 then the effect is additive and if R<1 then the mix is antagonistic.
The experimental data was statistically analysed by Randomized Block Design (RBD) (One factor analysis) using OPSTAT HAU statistical software. The results are expressed as Mean +SE (standard error) and data was statistically analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the level of significance set at p < 0.01.
Evaluation of Bio-efficacy against Anthracnose disease in Chilli
Disease rating scale for Anthracnose disease in Chilli:
S. No Rating Scale Per cent fruit area covered (%)
1 0 0
2 1 Slightly -10
3 3 11-25 %
4 5 26-50 %
5 7 51-75 %
6 9 >75 %

The per cent disease index (PDI) for all mentioned diseases recorded calculated according to the following formula:
Sum of all numerical rating
Per cent disease index = ×100
Total No. of Leaves/Fruits × Maximum Rating Grade

Example 5: Evaluation of the bio-efficacy of a formulation containing Kasugamycin 1.75%, Thiophanate Methyl 36.3%, and Azoxystrobin 8.9% against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) disease in Chilli.

Table 4: Bio-efficacy of Kasugamycin 1.75% ,Thiophanate methyl 36.3% , Azoxystrobin 8.9% against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) disease of Chilli.
T. no. Treatments Dose/ha
a.i.(gm)
Formulation
(g/ml)/ha
5 DAT Colby,sValue 10 DAT Colby,sValue
PDI %Control

-
PDI %Control

-

1 Kasugamycin 3 % SL 37.5 1250 25.67
(30.42) 39.37 30.67
(33.61) 43.56
2 Thiophanate methyl 70% WP 500 715 24.33
(29.54) 42.52 29.67
(32.98) 45.40
3 Azoxystrobin 23%SC 125 500 23.67
(29.09) 44.09 28.67
(32.35) 47.24
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 37.5+500+125 1250+715+500 7.33
(15.65) 82.68 1.02 8.33
(16.76) 84.66 1.01
5 Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% 13.125+272.25+66.75 750 13.67
(21.68) 67.72 0.84 16.00
(23.56) 70.55 0.84
6 Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% 17.5+363+89 1000 11.67
(19.93) 72.44 0.90 13.67
(21.66) 74.85 0.89
7 Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% 21.875+453.75+111.25 1250 10.67
(18.93) 74.80 0.93 12.67
(20.80) 76.69 0.91
8 Untreated Control - - 42.33
(40.57) - - 54.33
(47.46) - -
CD (5%) - - 1.86 - - 1.69 - -
SE(m) - - 0.61 - - 055 - -
Figures in parenthesis are angular transformed values

The results presented in Table 4 indicate a reduction in the incidence of Anthracnose disease in Chilli across all treatments. At both the 5th and 10th days after treatment (DAT), the tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL, Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP, and Azoxystrobin 23% SC, applied at 1250 + 715 + 500 g/ml/ha, was the most effective, achieving a disease control of 82.68% and 84.66%, respectively. This was followed by the combination of Kasugamycin 1.75%, Thiophanate Methyl 36.3%, and Azoxystrobin 8.9% applied at 1250 ml/ha, which resulted in 74.80% and 76.69% control at the same intervals. Additionally, the formulation of Kasugamycin 1.75%, Thiophanate Methyl 36.3%, and Azoxystrobin 8.9% at 1000 ml/ha provided 72.44% and 74.85% control, while the lower application rate of 750 ml/ha led to 67.72% and 70.55% control at the 5th and 10th DAT, respectively. These results were significantly superior to the individual applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL at 1250 ml/ha, Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP at 715 g/ha, and Azoxystrobin 23% SC at 500 ml/ha.
Among all treatments, only the tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC at 1250 + 715 + 500 g/ml/ha demonstrated a synergistic effect, with Colby’s synergistic values of 1.02 and 1.01 at the 5th and 10th DAT, respectively.
Example 6 :Evaluation of the bio-efficacy of a formulation containing Kasugamycin 2.2%, Thiophanate Methyl 38%, and Azoxystrobin 9.8% Against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) Disease in Chilli:

Table 5. Bio-efficacy of Kasugamycin 2.2%,Thiophante methyl 38%, Azoxystrobin 9.8% against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) disease of Chilli.
T. No. Treatments Dose/ha
a.i.(gm) Formulation
(g/ml)/ha 5 DAT Colby,s Value 10 DAT Colby,s Value

PDI % Control

-
PDI % Control
-


1 Kasugamycin 3 % SL 37.5 1250 25.33
(30.20) 40.16 30.33
(33.40) 44.17
2 Thiophanate methyl 70% WP 500 715 24.00
(29.32) 43.31 29.33
(32.77) 46.01
3 Azoxystrobin 23%SC 125 500 23.83
(29.21) 43.70 28.00
(31.93) 48.47
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 37.5+500+ 125 1250+715+ 500 7.67
(16.04) 81.89 1.01 8.33
(16.67) 84.66 1.00
5 Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% 16.5+285+73.5 750 11.67
(19.95) 72.44 0.89 13.33
(21.40) 75.46 0.89
6 Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% 22+380+98 1000 7.33
(15.67) 82.68 1.02 7.33
(15.69) 86.50 1.02
7 Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% 27.5+475+122.5 1250 6.67
(14.94) 84.25 1.04 7.00
(15.31) 87.12 1.03
8 Untreated Control - - 42.33
(40.57) - - 54.33
(47.46) - -
CD (5%) - - 1.60 - - 1.83 - -
SE(m) - - 0.52 - - 0.60 - -
Figures in parenthesis are angular transformed values
The data presented in Table 5 indicates that the combination of Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate Methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1250 ml/ha was the most effective treatment, achieving 87.12% control of Anthracnose disease in Chilli. This was closely followed by the same formulation at 1000 ml/ha, which resulted in 86.50% control. Both treatments were statistically comparable to the tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1250 + 715 + 500 g/ml/ha, which showed 84.66% control. The treatment of Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate Methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 750 ml/ha achieved 75.46% control at the 10th day after treatment (DAT). These combinations demonstrated significantly better performance compared to the individual applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 1250 ml/ha, Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP @ 715 g/ha, and Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml/ha.
Among the treatments listed in Table 5, Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate Methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1250 ml/ha, Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate Methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1000 ml/ha, and Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1250 + 715 + 500 g/ml/ha exhibited synergistic effects. Colby’s synergistic values of 1.02 and 1.02 were observed for Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate Methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1000 ml/ha on both the 5th and 10th DAT.
Example 7: Bio-efficacy of a formulation containing Kasugamycin 2.8%, Thiophanate Methyl 39.4%, and Azoxystrobin 10% Against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) Disease in Chilli:

Table 6. Bio-efficacy of Kasugamycin 2.8% ,Thiophante methyl 39.4% , Azoxystrobin 10% against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) disease of Chilli.
T. No. Treatments Dose/ha
a.i.(gm) Formulation
(g/ml)/ha 5 DAT Colby,s Value 10 DAT Colby,s Value

PDI % Control
-

PDI % Control
-


1 Kasugamycin 3 % SL 37.5 1250 25.50
(30.31) 39.76 30.67
(33.61) 43.56
2 Thiophanate methyl 70% WP 500 715 24.17
(29.43) 42.91 29.67
(32.98) 45.40
3 Azoxystrobin 23%SC 125 500 24.00
(29.31) 43.31 28.33
(32.14) 47.85
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 37.5+500+ 125 1250+715+ 500 7.17
(15.52) 83.07 1.03 8.00
(16.29) 85.28 1.01
5 Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% 21+295.5+75 750 10.67
(19.05) 74.80 0.92 12.67
(20.77) 76.69 0.91
6 Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% 28+394+100 1000 6.67
(14.92) 84.25 1.05 6.67
(14.89) 87.73 1.04
7 Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% 35+492.5+125 1250 6.00
(14.04) 85.83 1.07 5.67
(13.72) 89.57 1.06
8 Untreated Control - - 42.33
(40.57) - - 54.33
(47.46) - -
CD (5%) - - 1.67 - - 2.73 - -
SE(m) - - 0.54 - - 0.89 - -
Figures in parenthesis are angular transformed values

The data presented in Table 6 indicates that the combination of Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate Methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% @ 1250 ml/ha was the most effective treatment, achieving 89.57% control of Anthracnose disease in Chilli. This was closely followed by the same formulation at 1000 ml/ha, which resulted in 87.73% control. Both treatments were statistically comparable to the tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1250 + 715 + 500 g/ml/ha, which showed 85.28% control. The treatment of Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate Methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% @ 750 ml/ha achieved 76.69% control at the 10th day after treatment (DAT). These combinations demonstrated significantly better performance compared to the individual applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 1250 ml/ha, Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP @ 715 g/ha, and Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml/ha.
Additionally, Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate Methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% @ 1000 ml/ha exhibited a synergistic effect, with Colby’s synergistic values of 1.05 and 1.04 observed at the 5th and 10th DAT, respectively.

Example 8:Assessment of Phytotoxicity and Effectiveness of the Composition Against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) Disease in Chili-

Phytotoxicityobservations:

Phytotoxicity observations recorded from treatment on 0-10 scale for Epinasty, Hyponasty, Chlorosis, Necrosis, vein clearing and stunting etc. after 3, 5,7 and 10 days of treatments.
Rating Crop Injury (%) Description
0 - No symptoms
1 1-10 slight discoloration
2 11-20 More severe, but not lasting
3 21-30 Moderate and more lasting
4 31-40 Medium and lasting
5 41-50 Moderately heavy
6 51-60 Heavy
7 61-70 Very heavy
8 71-80 Nearly destroyed
9 81-90 Destroyed
10 91-100 Completely destroyed

Table 7. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity effect of Kasugamycin 1.75% , Thiophanate methyl 36.3% , Azoxystrobin 8.9% against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) disease of Chilli.

Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 8. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity effect of Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) disease of Chilli.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 9. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity effect of Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% against Anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici) disease of Chilli.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Various Fungicidal compositions of the present disclosure provided good control of Anthracnose disease in Chilli crop as compared to the reference products. Further, the use of these Fungicidal compositions resulted in better crop condition i.e. fresh green leaves and didn’t produce any phytotoxic symptoms on the plants. Table 7-9 depicts the phytotoxic effects of the various fungicidal compositions of the present disclosure on Chilli at 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th DAT.
After evaluating three formulations—Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate Methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% (Table 7),Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate Methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8%,(Table 8), and Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate Methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10%,(Table 9), at three different doses (750 ml/ha, 1000 ml/ha, and 1250 ml/ha)—it was found that Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate Methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% at 1000 ml/ha was the most effective treatment for controlling Anthracnose disease in Chilli. This formulation showed comparable efficacy to the tank mix of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 1250 ml/ha, Thiophanate Methyl 70% WP @ 715 g/ha, and Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml/ha, despite containing a lower concentration of active ingredients. Additionally, the Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate Methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1000 ml/ha formulation demonstrated a strong synergistic effect, enhancing the control of the disease.
Therefore, the application of Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate Methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1000 ml/ha (22 + 380 + 98 g a.i/ha) (Table 8) is recommended for the effective control of Anthracnose disease in Chilli.
Example 9: Bio-efficacy of Composition Against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease on Tomato crop:
Late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is one of the most destructive pathogens among pest and diseases for tomato production in India. It not only adversely affects fruit yield and economy of tomato growers, but also reduces the quality. It is one of the most potentially devastating disease of tomato in areas with high humidity and cool temperatures and can cause 100% crop loss in an unprotected tomato field. Therefore, keeping in view the importance of disease, present investigation was aimed to carry out disease survey and record crop losses in order to work out ultimate integrated management strategies against this disease.
The presently disclosed fungicidal (Kasugamycin + Thiophanate methyl + Azoxystrobin) composition were tested for its bio-efficacy against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease of Tomato crop, trials were laid out in randomized block design consisting of eight treatments including control in three replications.
Measured quantity of the chemical was added to required volume of water @ 500 lit. /ha was added for foliar spray. The spray tank was filled with ½ the quantity of clean required volume of water and then the measured chemical (according to the dose) was added followed by the rest half quantity of water was added. Knapsack sprayer fitted with boom along with flood jet nozzle was used to apply the spray of fungicidal composition.
Disease rating scale:
Table.10 - Disease rating scale for Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) of Tomato:
Rating Scale Symptoms
0 Not seen on field
1 Only a few plants affected here and there, upto 1 or 2 spots in 12 yards radius. Upto 10 spots per plant, or general light spotting
3 About 50 spots per plant, or upto 1 leaf let in 10 attacked
5 Nearly every leaflet with lesions, plants still retaining normal form; field may smell of blight but looks green, although every plant is affected
7 Every plant affected and about ½ of leaf area destroyed by blight; field looks green flecked with brown
9 About ¾ of leaf area destroyed by blight; field looks either predominantly brown or green. In some varieties the youngest leaves escape infection. Only few leaves left green but stem remain green. All leaves dead, stems dead or drying.

The per cent disease index (PDI) for all mentioned diseases recorded calculated according to the following formula:
Sum of all numerical rating
Percentdisease index = ×100
Total No. of leaves × Maximum Rating Grade

Table 11: Evaluation of the bio-efficacy of a formulation containing Kasugamycin 1.75%, Thiophanate Methyl 36.3%, and Azoxystrobin 8.9% against against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease in Tomato.
T. no. Treatments Dose/ha
a.i.(g/ml) Formulation
(g/ml)/ha 5 DAT Colby,s Value 10 DAT Colby,s Value

PDI % Control

-
PDI % Control

-

1 Kasugamycin 3 % SL 37.5 1250 21.33
(27.49) 31.18 32.67
(34.84) 35.10
2 Thiophanate methyl 70% WP 500 715 20.33
(26.78) 34.41 31.00
(33.81) 38.41
3 Azoxystrobin 23%SC 125 500 18.67
(25.58) 39.78 29.00
(32.56) 42.38
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 37.5+500+ 125 1250+715+ 500 6.67
(14.94) 78.49 1.08 9.33
(17.77) 81.46 1.06
5 Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% 13.125+272.25+ 66.75 750 11.67
(19.95) 62.37 0.85 16.33
(23.81) 67.55 0.87
6 Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% 17.5+363+89 1000 10.33
(18.73) 66.67 0.91 14.33
(22.21) 71.52 0.92
7 Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% 21.875+453.75+ 111.25 1250 9.00
(17.39) 70.97 0.97 12.33
(20.52) 75.50 0.98
8 Untreated Control - - 31.00
(33.81) - - 50.33
(45.17) - -
CD (5%) - - 1.53 - - 1.46 - -
SE(m) - - 0.50 - - 0.47 - -
The results presented in Table 11 demonstrated that the incidence of Late Blight disease in tomato was reduced across all treatments. At the 5th and 10th days after treatment (DAT), the tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1250+715+500 g/ml/ha exhibited the highest efficacy, achieving 78.49% and 81.46% disease control, respectively. This was followed by the combination of Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% @ 1250 ml/ha, which provided 70.97% and 75.50% disease control, respectively.
The treatment of Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% @ 1000 ml/ha resulted in 66.67% and 71.52% control, whereas the same formulation at 750 ml/ha provided 62.37% and 67.55% control, respectively, after the 5th and 10th DAT. These results were significantly superior when compared to the solo applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 1250 ml/ha, Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 715 g/ha, and Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml/ha against Late Blight disease in tomato.
Among all treatments listed in Table 11, only the tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1250+715+500 g/ml/ha demonstrated a synergistic effect, with Colby’s synergistic values of 1.08 and 1.06 at the 5th and 10th DAT, respectively.

Table 12: Evaluation of the bio-efficacy of a formulation containing Kasugamycin2.2%, Thiophanate Methyl 38%, and Azoxystrobin 9.8% against against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease in Tomato.
T. No. Treatments Dose/ha
a.i.(g/ml) Formulation
(g/ml)/ha 5 DAT Colby,s Value 10 DAT Colby,s Value

PDI % Control


PDI % Control



1 Kasugamycin 3 % SL 37.5 1250 21.00
(27.26) 32.26 32.33
(34.64) 35.76
2 Thiophanate methyl 70% WP 500 715 20.00
(26.55) 35.48 30.67
(33.60) 39.07
3 Azoxystrobin 23%SC 125 500 18.33
(25.34) 40.86 28.67
(32.35) 43.05
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 37.5+500+125 1250+715+500 6.50
(14.75) 79.03 1.06 9.00
(17.43) 82.12 1.05
5 Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% 16.5+285+73.5 750 9.00
(17.43) 70.97 0.95 13.00
(21.11) 74.17 0.95
6 Kasugamycin2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% 22+380+98 1000 5.67
(13.75) 81.72 1.10 8.67
(17.10) 82.78 1.06
7 Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% 27.5+475+122.5 1250 5.33
(13.26) 82.80 1.11 8.33
(16.76) 83.44 1.07
8 Untreated Control - - 31.00
(33.81) - - 50.33
(45.17) - -
CD (5%) - - 1.787 - - 1.287 - -
SE(m) - - 0.583 - - 0.420 - -

The results presented in Table 12 indicated that Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1250 ml/ha was the most effective treatment, achieving 83.44% disease control, followed by Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1000 ml/ha, which provided 82.78% control. Both treatments were found to be on par with the tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1250+715+500 g/ml/ha, which achieved 82.12% control. Additionally, Kasugamycin2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 750 ml/ha provided 74.17% control after the 10th day after treatment (DAT). These treatments were significantly superior compared to the solo applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 1250 ml/ha, Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 715 g/ha, and Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml/ha against Late Blight disease in tomato.
Among the treatments listed in Table 4, Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1250 ml/ha, Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1000 ml/ha, and Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1250+715+500 g/ml/ha exhibited a synergistic effect. For Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @ 1000 ml/ha, Colby’s synergistic values of 1.10 and 1.06 were observed on the 5th and 10th DAT, respectively.

Table 13: Evaluation of the bio-efficacy of a formulation containing Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% against against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease in Tomato.
T. No. Treatments Dose/ha
a.i.(g/ml) Formulation
(g/ml)/ha 5 DAT Colby,s Value 10 DAT Colby,s Value

PDI % Control
-

PDI % Control
-


1 Kasugamycin 3 % SL 37.5 1250 20.83
(27.14) 32.80 32.50
(34.74) 35.43
2 Thiophanate methyl 70% WP 500 715 20.17
(26.67) 34.95 30.83
(33.71) 38.74
3 Azoxystrobin 23%SC 125 500 18.50
(25.46) 40.32 28.33
(32.14) 43.71
4 Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC 37.5+500+125 1250+715+500 6.33
(14.56) 79.57 1.08 8.83
(17.27) 82.45 1.06
5 Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% 21+295.5+75 750 8.33
(16.76) 73.12 0.98 12.00
(20.24) 76.16 0.98
6 Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% 28+394+100 1000 5.00
(12.87) 83.87 1.13 7.33
(15.56) 85.43 1.09
7 Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% 35+492.5+125 1250 4.93
(12.72) 84.09 1.13 7.07
(15.40) 85.96 1.10
8 Untreated Control - - 31.00
(33.81) - - 50.33
(45.17) - -
CD (5%) - - 1.853 - - 2.083 - -
SE(m) - - 0.605 - - 0.680 - -

The results presented in Table 13 demonstrated that Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% @ 1250 ml/ha was the most effective treatment, achieving 85.96% disease control, followed closely by Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% @ 1000 ml/ha, which provided 85.43% control. Both treatments were found to be on par with the tank mix formulation of Kasugamycin 3% SL + Thiophanate methyl 70% WP + Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1250+715+500 g/ml/ha, which achieved 82.45% control. In addition, Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% @ 750 ml/ha resulted in 76.16% control after the 10th day after treatment (DAT). These treatments were significantly superior to the solo applications of Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 1250 ml/ha, Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 715 g/ha, and Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml/ha against Late Blight disease in tomato.
Furthermore, Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% @ 1000 ml/ha exhibited a synergistic effect, with Colby’s synergistic values calculated as 1.13 and 1.09 on the 5th and 10th DAT, respectively.

Example 10: Assessment of Phytotoxicity and Effectiveness of the Composition Against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) disease in Tomato.–
Phytotoxicity observations recorded from treatment on 0-10 scale for Epinasty, Hyponasty, Chlorosis, Necrosis, vein clearing and stunting etc. after 3, 5,7 and 10 days of treatments.

Description of Phytotoxicity scale (0-10):
Rating Crop Injury (%) Description
0 - No symptoms
1 1-10 slight discoloration
2 11-20 More severe, but not lasting
3 21-30 Moderate and more lasting
4 31-40 Medium and lasting
5 41-50 Moderately heavy
6 51-60 Heavy
7 61-70 Very heavy
8 71-80 Nearly destroyed
9 81-90 Destroyed
10 91-100 Completely destroyed

Table 14. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity effect of Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9% against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans)disease of Tomato.

Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 15. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity effect of Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans)disease of Tomato.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 16. Evaluation of Phytotoxicity effect of Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10% against Late blight (Phytophthora infestans)disease of Tomato.
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10 3 5 7 10
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Various Fungicidal compositions of the present disclosureprovided good control of Late blight disease of Tomato crop as compared to the reference products. Further, the use of these Fungicidal compositions resulted in better crop condition i.e. fresh green leaves and didn’t produce any phytotoxic symptoms on the plants. Table 14-16 depicts the phytotoxic effects of the various fungicidal compositions of the present disclosure on Tomato at 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th DAT.

Conclusion:
After evaluated of three formulations i.e., (Kasugamycin 1.75% + Thiophanate methyl 36.3% + Azoxystrobin 8.9%, Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8%, Kasugamycin 2.8% + Thiophanate methyl 39.4% + Azoxystrobin 10%) at three different doses @ 750 ml/ha, 1000 ml/ha and 1250 ml/ha). Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @1000 ml/ha was found most effective against Anthracnose disease of Chilli in comparison to tank mix formulation (Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 1250 ml/ha, Thiophanate methyl 70% WP @ 715 g/ha and Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 500 ml/ha) Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8% @1000 ml/ha was found at par with higher formulation, higher dose and higher active ingredient and also showed a strong synergistic effect in controlling the Late blight disease of Tomato.
Therefore, application of Kasugamycin 2.2% + Thiophanate methyl 38% + Azoxystrobin 9.8%@1000 ml/ha (22+380+98 gm a.i/ha) formulation can be recommended for effective control of Late blight disease of Tomato.
, Claims:
1. A fungicidal composition comprising a synergistic combination of:
a. Kasugamycin in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 25.0% by weight;
b. Thiophanate-methyl in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 50.0% by weight;
c. Azoxystrobin in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 30.0% by weight; and
d. agrochemically acceptable excipients.
2. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein Kasugamycin is present in an amount of 2.2% w/w, Thiophanate-methyl is present in an amount of 38% w/w and Azoxystrobin is present in an amount of 9.8% w/w.

3. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agrochemically acceptable excipients include dispersing cum wetting agent, dispersing agents, antifoaming agents, antifreezing agents, stabilizers, pH modifiers, solvents, rheology modifiers, and biocides.

4. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation is selected from but not limited to suspension concentrate (SC), flowable suspension for seed treatment (FS), oil dispersion (OD), suspo-emulsion (SE), water-dispersible granule (WDG), or wettable powder (WP).

5. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dispersing cum wetting agent is in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight and is selected from non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend alkylphenol ethoxylates or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, lignosulfonates, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates.

6. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dispersing agent is in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 10.0% by weight and is selected from but not limited to sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, acrylic copolymer, or polycarboxylates.

7. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antifoaming agent is in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 5.0% by weight and is selected from but not limited topolydimethylsiloxane or its emulsions.

8. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antifreezing agent is in an amount ranging up to 15% by weight and is selected from but not limited to ethylene glycol or propane-1,2,3-triol.

9. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH adjuster is in an amount ranging up to 5% by weight and is selected from sodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, citric acid, or monoethanolamine.

10. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rheology modifier is in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 20.0% by weight and is selected from but not limited to xanthan gum, bentonite clay, or precipitated silica.

11. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coloring agent is in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight and is selected from but not limited to Naphthalene AS Red , dye and pigments.

12. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solvent component is in an amount ranging up to 95.0% by weight and selected from distilled water, mineral water or demineralized water.

13. A process for preparing a suspension concentrate (SC) fungicidal composition comprising:
a. mixing dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2,3-triol, non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer, and sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate with demineralized water in a pre-mixing vessel using a homogenizer to form a mixture;
b. addingKasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin with dispersing agents, stabilizers, andcontinuing to mix with the homogenizer solvents to form a slurry;
c. milling the slurry to achieve a particle size of d(90) less than 20 microns;
d. adding a pH stabilizer and rheology modifier; and
e. agitating to obtain a homogeneous suspension.

14. A process for preparing a flowable suspension (FS) fungicidal composition comprising:
a. adding dipropylene glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, polydimethylsiloxane emulsion, propane-1,2,3-triol, non-ionic proprietary surfactant blend, acrylic copolymer, and sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate to demineralized water in a clean pre-mixing vessel fitted with a homogenizer, and mixing to obtain a uniform mixture;
b. adding the active ingredients Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin with solvents, dispersing agents, and a coloring agentto the obtained mixture and continuing to mix to form a slurry;
c. milling the slurry through a jacketed bead mill with chilled water circulation for particle size reduction to achieve a particle size of d(90) less than 20 microns;
d. adding a pH stabilizer and xanthan gum; and
e. stirring to form a flowable suspension suitable for seed treatment.

15. The process as claimed in claim 14, wherein the step of adding the pH stabilizer to the milled slurry is under stirring.

16. The process as claimed in claim 14, whereinthe rheology modifieras Xanthan gum in demineralized water is added to the milled slurry and mixed to form a homogeneous Flowable Suspension (FS) formulation.

17. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Flowable Suspension formulation is suitable for coating seeds, providing effective disease protection and uniform coverage.

18. The fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combination of Kasugamycin, Thiophanate-methyl, and Azoxystrobin exhibits a synergistic effect validated using Colby’s method, achieving a synergy ratio greater than 1.