Description:FIELDOFDISCLOSURE
The present disclosure pertains to the field of agrochemical compositions, specifically herbicidal formulations. It relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising Ipfencarbazone and Oxyfluorfen as active ingredients, aimed at effectively controlling both narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds in agricultural settings. The disclosure also provides processes for preparing such compositions and their various application methods to enhance weed management in crops, particularly in that requiring broad-spectrum weed control.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
Weed management is one of the most critical challenges in modern agriculture. Weeds compete with crops for essential resources such as nutrients, water, sunlight, and space, leading to significant reductions in crop yield and quality. This problem is particularly severe in high-value crops like chilli, where weed infestation during the early growth stages can drastically reduce the yield potential. Effective weed control is essential not only for enhancing crop productivity but also for minimizing the labor, time, and costs associated with manual weeding practices.
Importance of Weed Management in Agriculture
Weeds, classified as narrow-leaf (grass) and broad-leaf types, can thrive under diverse conditions, often outcompeting crops. Their rapid growth, adaptability, and ability to resist traditional control methods exacerbate their impact. Studies have shown that weed infestation accounts for 30–50% of total crop yield losses globally. For crops like chilli, which are grown with wider spacing and have a slow canopy development in their initial growth stages, weeds pose an even greater threat.
The two primary strategies for weed management include cultural control methods (such as crop rotation, mulching, and intercropping) and chemical control methods (using herbicides). While cultural methods are eco-friendly, they are labor-intensive and often ineffective against persistent weed infestations. Chemical herbicides, on the other hand, provide targeted and efficient weed control but face challenges such as resistance development, environmental toxicity, and selectivity limitations.
Limitations of Existing Herbicides
Selective herbicides, designed to target specific weed types without affecting crops, have been the cornerstone of modern weed management. However, their use often comes with limitations:
1. Narrow-Spectrum Efficacy:
o Herbicides like oxyfluorfen, a diphenyl ether compound, are highly effective against broad-leaf weeds but exhibit poor control of narrow-leaf weeds.
o Conversely, ipfencarbazone, a selective herbicide targeting narrow-leaf weeds, shows minimal activity against broad-leaf species.
2. Environmental Constraints:
o The effectiveness of many herbicides is influenced by environmental factors such as soil composition, temperature, and moisture.
o Drift and runoff from herbicide applications can lead to non-target plant damage and water contamination.
3. Resistance Development:
o Overreliance on herbicides with a single mode of action has led to the emergence of resistant weed populations. Resistance diminishes the efficacy of herbicides, requiring higher doses or additional chemical treatments.
4. Crop-Specific Challenges:
o In crops like chilli, weed control is particularly difficult due to the slow-growing nature of the crop in its initial stages. This allows weeds to establish dominance before the crop canopy develops enough to suppress them.
Role of Synergistic Herbicide Combinations
To overcome the limitations of single-action herbicides, synergistic herbicidal combinations are increasingly being explored. Such combinations involve two or more active ingredients with complementary modes of action. This approach not only broadens the spectrum of weed control but also reduces the likelihood of resistance development by targeting multiple physiological pathways in weeds.
Ipfencarbazone is a carbamoyl-substituted heterocyclic derivative, specifically a 1-aryl-4-carbamoyl-1,2,4-triazolinone. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in plants, which disrupts cell membrane formation and energy storage processes.It is particularly effective against narrow-leaf grass weeds such as, but not limited to Dactylocteniumaegyptium, Echinochloa spp., and Digitariasanguinalis.Despite its potency against grass weeds, ipfencarbazone lacks efficacy against broad-leaf weeds, which limits its standalone application

IPFENCARBAZONE
Oxyfluorfen, classified as a diphenyl ether herbicide, functions as a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor. This mode of action disrupts chlorophyll synthesis, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that cause cell membrane damage and plant death.It is highly effective against broad-leaf weeds such as, but not limited toEuphorbiahirta, Amaranthus spinosus, Anagallis arvensis, and Digeraarvensis.However, oxyfluorfen's activity against narrow-leaf weeds is minimal, and its efficacy is largely contact-dependent, requiring precise application timing.

Oxyfluorfen
Unmet Needs in Weed Control
The current state of weed management reveals a pressing need for herbicidal solutions that:
• Provide broad-spectrum control of both narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds.
• Minimize the risk of resistance development by combining multiple modes of action.
• Adapt to diverse agricultural settings and environmental conditions.
• Reduce the frequency of applications to lower costs and labor requirements.
Addressing the Challenge: The Present Disclosure the combination of ipfencarbazone and oxyfluorfen offers a promising solution to these challenges. By leveraging the complementary strengths of these two herbicides, the disclosure achieves:
• Enhanced Efficacy: Broad-spectrum weed control that significantly reduces the density of both narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds.
• Synergistic Action: The combination provides better results than the individual components, even at reduced application rates.
• Formulation Versatility: The ability to develop formulations such as water-dispersible granules (WG), suspension concentrates (SC), and emulsifiable concentrates (EC) enhances application flexibility.
• Environmental Sustainability: Lower doses and fewer applications reduce environmental exposure and potential toxicity.
The present disclosure addresses a critical gap in agricultural weed management by introducing a synergistic herbicidal composition that delivers comprehensive and efficient control of both narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds. It represents a significant advancement in agrochemical solutions, promoting sustainable agriculture while enhancing productivity and profitability for farmers.
OBJECTIVE OF THE DISCLOSURE
The main objective of the present disclosure is to provide a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising ipfencarbazone and oxyfluorfen, which exhibits enhanced weed control efficacy beyond the sum of their individual effects.
Another important objective of the present disclosure is to deliver broad-spectrum herbicidal activity that effectively targets both narrow-leaf (grass) and broad-leaf weed species, including but not limited to Dactylocteniumaegyptium, Echinochloa spp., Euphorbia hirta, and Amaranthus spinosus, across diverse cropping systems.
Another objective of the present disclosure is to mitigate the development of herbicide resistance in weeds by utilizing a combination of active ingredients with complementary modes of action.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to ensure the stability of the herbicidal composition under various storage and environmental conditions, preventing degradation, separation, or loss of efficacy over time.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to reduce the effective dosage levels of the active ingredients while maintaining superior weed control efficacy, minimizing potential phytotoxic effects on crops and reducing the environmental footprint.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to provide a formulation that is easy to prepare, handle, and apply, offering compatibility with diverse agricultural equipment and uniform distribution for optimal weed management.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to enhance crop yield and quality by protecting crops from competition with weeds during critical growth stages, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices.
Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to validate the synergistic action of the composition through rigorous scientific and field evaluations, ensuring consistent and reproducible results across diverse environmental and agronomic conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present disclosure introduces a novel herbicidal composition comprising ipfencarbazone and oxyfluorfen, designed to deliver enhanced weed control efficacy, broaden the spectrum of targeted weed species, and ensure stability across diverse agricultural applications. This synergistic composition offers effective management of both narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds, addressing challenges posed by mixed weed infestations in high-value crops like chilli etc.
In one aspect of the present disclosure, the herbicidal composition includes agrochemically acceptable excipients such as wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersing agents, stabilizers, antifoaming agents, carriers, surfactant, inert carrier pH adjusters, and rheology modifiers. These components are blended with active ingredients to create stable and efficient formulations suitable for agricultural use. The composition can be prepared in various forms, including water-dispersible granules (WG), suspension concentrates (SC), wettable powders (WP), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), and suspo-emulsions (SE), ensuring adaptability for pre- and post-emergence weed control.
In one aspect of the present disclosure, the process for preparing the Water-Dispersible Granules (WDG/WG) formulation of the present disclosure was carried out as follows: Ipfencarbazone, Oxyfluorfen, and other agrochemically acceptable auxiliaries were pre-blended to form a homogeneous mixture. The blended mixture was then milled using suitable equipment to achieve a particle size of below 30 microns, ensuring uniformity and optimal dispersibility. The milled material was subsequently post-blended, and water was added to the mixture to form a dough-like consistency. The prepared dough was extruded using an appropriate extruder to create granules. These granules were then dried to remove any residual moisture, ensuring their stability. Finally, the dried granules were sieved using suitable-sized sieves to produce uniform water-dispersible granules (WDG/WG) with excellent dispersion properties. The finished granules were packaged for agricultural use, providing efficient and effective weed control in diverse cropping systems.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, the herbicidal composition is formulated as water-dispersible granules (WG), suspension concentrates (SC), wettable powders (WP), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), and suspo-emulsions (SE). Each formulation is tailored for specific application methods and crop requirements, ensuring maximum effectiveness and ease of use in the field.
The development of this composition ensures stability under varying storage and environmental conditions, maintaining its efficacy over time. By utilizing a lower effective dose of active ingredients, the formulation minimizes potential phytotoxic effects on crops and reduces environmental impact, aligning with sustainable agricultural practices. The composition also supports efficient weed management by providing ease of application and uniform coverage, ensuring optimal performance even under challenging field conditions.
The present disclosure's innovative herbicidal composition represents a significant advancement in agricultural weed management by providing a robust, highly effective, and environmentally conscious solution. This synergistic composition enhances crop productivity, supports sustainable farming practices, and minimizes the environmental footprint of herbicide use, offering a reliable tool for farmers to address complex weed challenges.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONOFTHEDISCLOSURE
With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity. The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the disclosure to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. Throughout this specification, the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” or “containing” or “has” or “having”, or “including but not limited to” wherever used, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.
Reference throughout this specification to “some embodiments”, “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in some embodiments”, “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification may not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. It is appreciated that certain features of the disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
The term “about” as used herein encompasses variations of +/-5% and more preferably +/-2.5%, as such variations are appropriate for practicing the present disclosure. The nature of the disclosure and the manner in which it is performed is clearly described in the specification. The disclosure has various components, and they are clearly described in the detailed description.
For convenience, before further description of the present disclosure, certain terms employed in the specification, and examples are collected here. These definitions should be read in the light of the remainder of the disclosure and understood as by a person of skill in the art. The terms used herein have the meanings recognized and known to those of skill in the art, however, for convenience and completeness, particular terms and their meanings are set forth below.
Herbicidal Composition: A combination of one or more active ingredients with agrochemically acceptable excipients, designed to control or eliminates unwanted plants (weeds) in agricultural or non-agricultural settings.
Ipfencarbazone: A selective herbicide belonging to the carbamoyl-substituted heterocyclic class. It targets narrow-leaf grass weeds by inhibiting the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids, which are critical for cell membrane and lipid production in plants.
Oxyfluorfen: A contact herbicide from the diphenyl ether class. It inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase, disrupting chlorophyll biosynthesis and leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that damage cell membranes in broad-leaf weeds.
Synergistic Effect: The phenomenon where the combined action of two or more active ingredients produces a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects, improving efficacy and reducing required dosages.
Water-Dispersible Granules (WG): A solid formulation of herbicides that disintegrates and disperses in water to form a suspension for application. WG formulations are designed for convenient handling and uniform distribution.
Suspension Concentrate (SC): A liquid formulation consisting of finely dispersed active ingredients suspended in an aqueous phase. SC formulations are stable and typically diluted with water before application.
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO): An enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. Herbicides like oxyfluorfen inhibit PPO, causing an accumulation of reactive oxygen species that lead to cellular damage and plant death.
Agrochemically Acceptable Excipient: Inert ingredients used in herbicidal formulations to enhance stability, compatibility, and application efficiency. These may include dispersing agents, stabilizers, wetting agents, and rheology modifiers.
Abbreviations:
AI – Active Ingredient
MOA – Mode of Action
PDI – Per Cent Disease Index
PDI – Phytotoxicity Disease Index
RBD – Randomized Block Design
All processes described in this disclosure may be performed in any suitable sequence, unless explicitly stated otherwise or clearly contradicted by the context. The use of examples or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) in relation to specific embodiments is solely for the purpose of illustrating the disclosure and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the disclosure as defined by the claims. No part of this specification should be construed to imply that any non-claimed element is essential to the implementation of the disclosure.
In the context of this disclosure, the terms "formulation" and "composition" are used interchangeably to refer to the combination of active ingredients designed for fungicidal activity.
The present disclosure relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising ipfencarbazone and oxyfluorfen as active ingredients, formulated to provide superior control of both narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds. The composition is designed to enhance weed control efficacy, improve formulation stability, and broaden the spectrum of weed species targeted in agricultural applications.
In an embodiment, the herbicidal composition comprising Ipfencarbazone present in an amount ranging from 5% to 40% by weight of the formulation. This selective herbicide effectively targets narrow-leaf grass weeds by inhibiting very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis, disrupting critical cellular processes in weeds.
In an embodiment, the herbicidal composition comprising Oxyfluorfen present in an amount ranging from 5% to 30% by weight of the formulation. This herbicide inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), disrupting chlorophyll biosynthesis and controlling broad-leaf weeds through a contact mode of action.
In a preferred embodiment, Ipfencarbazone is present in an amount8.5 %w/w of the herbicidal composition, Oxyfluorfen is present in an amount of 10.0 %w/w of the herbicidal composition.
In another aspect, the agricultural accepted additives are selected from the group comprising dispersing agent; wetting agent; antifoaming agent; rheology modifier; solvent; biocide; Inert carriers; solubilisers and an antifreezing agent; wherein the composition has; about 0.1% to about 20.0% dispersing agent; about 0.1% to about 15.0% wetting agent; about 0.01% to about 7.0% antifoaming agent; about 0.01% to about 12.0% rheology modifier; about 1.0% to about 95.0% solvent; about 0% to 5 %; about 0% to 3 % biocide; about 0% to 100% Inert carriers; about 0% to 10% solubilisers; and about 0% to 15 % antifreezing agent.
In an embodiment, dispersing agent is selected from and not limited to group comprising of Sodium ligno sulphate, Naphthalene Sulfonate condensate, Catalytic reformer fractionat or, sulfonated, polymers with formaldehyde, sodium salts, Tersperse 2700
Calcium ligno sulphate, Polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated , Acrylic Copolymer, Ethoxylated Tristryl phenol Sulphate, Naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, Polyalkelene glycol ether, Tristyryl phenol phosphate ester, Ethoxylated Fatty alcohol and/or mixtures thereof
In an embodiment, wetting agent is selected from and not limited to the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactant and a mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactant and polymeric surfactant. The wetting agent used in the present composition is selected from and not limited to Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate non-ionic emulsifier, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts Di-alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. mixture of non-ionic surfactants &alkoxylated alcohol/block copolymer and/or mixtures thereof.

In an embodiment, antifoaming agent is selected from and not limited to group comprising of Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, polydimethyl siloxane, Silicon emulsion, silicon based agents, absorbed polydimethyl siloxane, stearates, silicones (SILFOAM®, SILFAR®, PULPSIL ® and WACKER® AK) and ethoxylates and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the Biocides is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to biocide by weight of the formulation selected from the group comprising of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, Proexl GXL, formaldehyde, dipropyl glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the biocides is present in an amount of from 0% to 3% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the antifreezing agent is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Mono ethylene glycol, Glycerin, Diethylene glycol or mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the antifreezing agent is present in an amount of from 0% to 10% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the Rheology modifier is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to precipitated silica, fumed silica, modified fumed silica, bentonite, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, thickening silica, hydrated clay minerals, magnesium aluminium silicates, organic derivative of hectorite clay, hydrophobic fumed silica, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or mixture thereof; In a preferred embodiment, the rheology modifier is present in an amount of from 0.1% to 20.0% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the Solubiliser or solubilizer agents is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to selected from the group comprising of Alcohols such as ethanol, Sugars such as sorbitol, Polyethylene glycols such as PEG-400, Propylene glycol, Cyclodextrins, Sodium Lauryl Sulphates and Ammonium sulphate. In a preferred embodiment, the Solubiliser or solubilizer agents is present in an amount of from 0% to 10% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In an embodiment, the inert carrier is selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to kaolin, china clay, alumina, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, crushed and fractionated natural minerals such as calcite, marble, pumice, dextrin, precipitated silica, sepiolite, bentonite, river sand, white sand, zeolites, starch, sand, talc, quartz, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, aluminium oxide, silicates, calcium phosphates, calcium hydrogen phosphates, ammonium sulphate or mixtures thereof. The inert carrier is present in an amount of from 0% to 95% by weight based on a total weight of the composition.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the invention further provides the process for preparation of the said composition wherein, the said composition can be one or more of as suspension concentrate (SC), wettable granules (WG), wettable powder (WP), a water dispersible granule (WDG), a water dispersible tablet (WT), an ultra-low volu (ULV) liquid (UL), an ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension (SU), a water soluble powder (SP), a suspo-emulsion (SE), granule (GR), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an oil-in-water or water in oil emulsion (EW), an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), a capsule suspension (CS), a dustablepowder (DP) or an aerosol (AE).
In preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formulation is Water dispersible granules (WDG) and SE suspo-emulsion.
In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a herbicidal composition effective against a diverse array of weed species. The weed species targeted by this disclosure include both narrow-leaf (grass) and broad-leaf weeds that commonly affect crops such as chilli, tomato, cotton, rice, soybeans, potatoes, maize, and other economically important crops. The narrow-leaf weeds targeted include Dactylocteniumaegyptium (goosegrass), Echinochloa spp. (barnyard grass), Setariaviridis (green foxtail), Cynodondactylon (Bermuda grass), Digitariasanguinalis (crabgrass), Panicum miliaceum (proso millet), Eleusine indica (Indian goosegrass), Axonopuscompressus(bahia grass), Chloris barbata (swollen finger grass), and Sorghum halepense (johnsongrass). These grasses are particularly problematic in crops like maize, rice, and cotton, where they compete for water, nutrients, and space.
In addition to grass weeds, the composition also targets a variety of broad-leaf weeds, including Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth), Euphorbia hirta (pill-bearing spurge), Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel), Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur), Polygonum spp. (knotweed), Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed), Chenopodium album (lamb’s quarters), Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd’s purse), Trifolium repens (white clover), and Galinsoga parviflora (quickweed). These broad-leaf weeds are widespread in crops such as tomatoes, soybeans, and potatoes, often leading to significant yield losses and the need for extensive manual weeding.
The composition also effectively targets perennial weeds such as Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle), Tamarix spp. (saltcedar), Paspalum dilatatum (bahia grass), and Convolvulus spp. (bindweed), which can be especially difficult to control once established. These perennial weeds are notorious for their ability to re-grow from roots or rhizomes, making them persistent threats to long-term crop productivity.
The herbicidal composition of the present disclosure, comprising Ipfencarbazone and Oxyfluorfen, provides broad-spectrum control against these weed species, targeting both narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds across a wide range of crops. This combination ensures efficient weed management, improving crop productivity, and minimizing yield losses due to weed competition. The composition is effective in both pre-emergence and post-emergence applications, making it a versatile and sustainable solution for modern agriculture. By controlling a wide variety of weed species, the composition offers farmers a reliable tool for reducing herbicide resistance and improving overall crop health.
In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a herbicidal composition effective against a broad range of weed species that affect various plants. The targeted weed species include narrow-leaf (grass) weeds such as Dactylocteniumaegyptium (goosegrass), which affects crops like rice, cotton, and maize; Echinochloaspp.(barnyard grass) on rice, soybean, and wheat; Setariaviridis (green foxtail) on maize, sorghum, and cotton; Cynodondactylon (Bermuda grass) on turf, cotton, and vegetables; Digitariasanguinalis (crabgrass) on soybean, rice, and cotton; and Sorghum halepense (johnsongrass) on maize, cotton, and field crops. The composition also targets broad-leaf weeds such as Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) on chilli, cotton, and soybeans; Euphorbia hirta (pill-bearing spurge) on rice, cotton, and soybean; Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) on vegetables and field crops; Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) on potatoes, tomatoes, and soybeans; Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) on maize, soybeans, and cotton; Polygonum spp. (knotweed) on rice and soybean; Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) on soybeans, maize, and potatoes; and Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) on vegetables, potatoes, and tomatoes. This herbicidal composition is highly effective in controlling weeds that impact the growth and productivity of a wide variety of crops, including rice, maize, cotton, soybeans, potatoes, tomatoes, chilli, sorghum, and vegetables.
The present disclosure offers several key advantages for effective weed management in agriculture. First, it provides broad-spectrum control by targeting both narrow-leaf (grass) and broad-leaf weed species, ensuring comprehensive protection for a wide range of crops, including rice, maize, cotton, soybeans, potatoes, tomatoes, and vegetables. This dual-action approach significantly reduces the reliance on multiple herbicides, streamlining weed control efforts and reducing the need for frequent applications. Second, the synergistic effect between Ipfencarbazone and Oxyfluorfen enhances the overall herbicidal efficacy, allowing for lower application rates while maintaining high levels of weed suppression. This leads to reduced environmental impact as fewer chemical inputs are needed, promoting more sustainable agricultural practices. Additionally, the formulation is designed to be stable under various environmental and storage conditions, ensuring consistent performance over time. The composition also minimizes the risk of herbicide resistance by utilizing a combination of active ingredients with complementary modes of action, providing long-term effectiveness. Furthermore, it offers flexibility in application, being suitable for both pre-emergence and post-emergence treatments, which maximizes its versatility in different farming systems. Ultimately, the present disclosure improves crop productivity, reduces competition from weeds, and supports sustainable farming by providing an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly weed control solution.
It is to be understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is illustrative of the disclosure and not a limitation. While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the particular features of this disclosure, it will be appreciated that various modifications can be made, and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein. Similarly, additional embodiments and features of the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in art based upon description provided herein.
Descriptions of well-known/conventional methods/steps and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. Further, the disclosure herein provides for examples illustrating the above-described embodiments, and in order to illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure certain aspects have been employed. The examples used herein for such illustration are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the following examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Water Dispersible Granule (WG) Formulation and process of preparation thereof-
Composition and process of herbicidal water dispersible granules is as below

Table 1: Water Dispersible Granule (WG) Formulation
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Ipfencarbazone 8.50 Active Ingredient
Oxyfluorfen 10.00 Active Ingredient
Di-alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium 3.00 Wetting agent
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00 Wetting agent
Naphthalene Sulfonate condensate 4.00 Dispersing agent
Polydimethylsiloxane 0.50 Antifoaming agent
Precipitated silica 2.00 Inert carrier
China clay Q.S Inert carrier

To prepare the composition, 8.50 parts by weight of Ipfencarbazone technical, 10.0 parts of Oxyfluorfen technical, 3.00 parts of Di-alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium, 4.00 parts of anionic Naphthalene Sulfonate condensate dispersant, 4.0 parts of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, 0.5 parts of Polydimethylsiloxane, 2.0 parts of precipitated silica, and China clay as an inert carrier to make up the balance to 100 parts by weight were thoroughly mixed using an agitator to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The mixture was then micronized using a mill to achieve the desired particle size. Then dough was prepared of micronized blended powder. Following this, dough was extruded, dried and sieved to produce water-dispersible granules with excellent dispersion properties, designed for efficient and uniform application in agricultural weed management.

Example 2Water Dispersible Granule (WG) Formulation and process of preparation thereof-
Composition and process of herbicidal water dispersible granules is as below

Table 2: Water Dispersible Granule (WG) Formulation
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Ipfencarbazone 20.0 Active Ingredient
Oxyfluorfen 20.0 Active Ingredient
Di-alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium 5.00 Wetting agent
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00 Wetting agent
Naphthalene Sulfonate condensate 12.0 Dispersing agent
Polydimethylsiloxane 0.50 Antifoaming agent
Precipitated silica 2.00 Inert carrier
China clay QS Inert carrier

To prepare the composition, 20.0 parts by weight of Ipfencarbazone technical, 20.0 parts of Oxyfluorfen technical, 5.0 parts of Di-alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium, 12.00 parts of anionic Naphthalene Sulfonate condensate dispersant, 4.0 parts of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, 0.5 parts of Polydimethylsiloxane, 2.0 parts of precipitated silica, and China clay as an inert carrier to make up the balance to 100 parts by weight were thoroughly mixed using an agitator to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The mixture was then micronized using a mill to achieve the desired particle size. Then dough was prepared of micronized blended powder. Following this, dough was extruded, dried and sieved to produce water-dispersible granules with excellent dispersion properties, designed for efficient and uniform application in agricultural weed management.

Example 3: Water Dispersible Granule (WG) Formulation and process of preparation thereof-
Composition and process of herbicidal water dispersible granules is as below

Table 3: Water Dispersible Granule (WG) Formulation
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Ipfencarbazone 8.50 Active Ingredient
Oxyfluorfen 10.00 Active Ingredient
Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-
16-alkene, sodium salts 3.00 Wetting agent
Catalytic reformer
fractionator, sulfonated, polymers with
formaldehyde, sodium salts 2.00 Dispersing agent
Tersperse 2700 5.00 Dispersing agent
Polydimethylsiloxane 0.50 Antifoaming agent
Precipitated silica 1.00 Inert carrier
Ammonium sulphate 7.00 Solubiliser
China clay QS Inert carrier

Process for Preparing Water Dispersible Granule (WG) Formulation:
The process for preparing the Water-Dispersible Granules (WDG/WG) formulation of the present disclosure was carried out as follows: Ipfencarbazone, Oxyfluorfen, and other agrochemically acceptable auxiliaries were pre-blended to form a homogeneous mixture. The blended mixture was then milled using suitable equipment to achieve a particle size of below 30 microns, ensuring uniformity and optimal dispersibility.
The milled material was subsequently post-blended, and water was added to the mixture to form a dough-like consistency. The prepared dough was extruded using an appropriate extruder to create granules. These granules were then dried to remove any residual moisture, ensuring their stability. Finally, the dried granules were sieved using suitable-sized sieves to produce uniform water-dispersible granules (WDG/WG) with excellent dispersion properties. The finished granules were packaged for agricultural use, providing efficient and effective weed control in diverse cropping systems.
Example 4: Suspension concentrates (SC) Formulation and process of preparation thereof-
The Suspension concentrates (SC) Formulation was precisely prepared in accordance with the present disclosure, utilizing the components outlined in Table 4.
Table 4: Suspension concentrates (SC)Formulation.
Component Composition (%w/w) Remark
Ipfencarbazone Technical 12.75 Active Ingredient
Oxyflourfen Technical 15.00 Active Ingredient
Octyl phenol Ethoxylate 5.00 Wetting agent
Emulsifier of Tristyryl phenol ethoxylate having different ethoxylate contents 3.00 Wetting agent
Tristyryl phenol phosphate ester 1.0 Dispersing agent
Magnesium aluminium silicate 1.50 Rheology modifier
Glycols 5.0 Antifreezing agent
Ligno sulphonate 3.0 Dispersing agent
Silicon emulsion 0.50 Antifoaming agent
Proexl GXL 0.10 Biocide
Polysaccharides gum 0.10 Rheology modifier
Demineralised water QS Carrier

Process for Preparing Suspension concentrates (SC):
The process for preparing the herbicidal composition of the present disclosure was carried out as follows: Ipfencarbazone was added as one of the active herbicidal ingredients. Following this, Oxyfluorfen was mixed to provide complementary herbicidal activity. Subsequently, agriculturally acceptable excipients, including wetting agents, dispersing agents, antifreezing agent, etc. were incorporated. The components were thoroughly mixed using a homogenizer mixer to ensure a uniform blend and enhance the stability and performance of the composition.
The homogenized mixture was then milled using a conventional mill to achieve a fine mill base with an average particle size suitable for effective herbicidal applications. To this rheology modifier was added to form herbicidal suspension concentrates.
Stability Data
Stability Study (Accelerated Storage test and low-temperature storage test)
According to the FAO/WHO manual, the “accelerated storage test” is considered as an indicative of product stability. That is, accelerated storage test data provides an indication that the product is stable for at least two years at ambient temperature. Further, the FAO/WHO manual indicates storage at 54 ± 2°C for 14 days as the default test conditions. Further, the FAO/WHO manual indicates low-temperature storage at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days.
The “accelerated storage” is the sample after subjecting the sample to accelerated storage tests at 54±2°C for 14 days.
The herbicidal formulation composition of examples 1 - 3 were found stableafter accelerated stability study at 54 ± 2° C for 14 days. examples 4was found stableafter accelerated stability study at 54 ± 2° C for 14 daysand low temperature at 0 ± 2°C for 7 days.

Example 5 :Bioefficacy of an Herbicidal Composition and thereof (Ipfencarbazone + Oxyfluorfen) on Chilli crop against broad leaf weeds.
A. Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) After 15 Days-
Table 5. Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 15 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 8.00
(2.99) 6.90
(2.80) 6.77
(2.77) 7.50
(2.90) 33.31 - 40.84 - 32.31 - 40.77 - 36.81
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 2.83
(1.95) 2.50
(1.83) 2.77
(1.93) 3.77
(2.18) 76.38 - 78.57 - 72.32 - 70.26 - 74.38
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC + Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 1.77
(1.66) 1.67
(1.62) 1.83
(1.68) 2.43
(1.85) 85.27 1.01 85.71 0.98 81.66 1.00 80.78 0.98 83.36
4 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 35.7 + 63.7 850 4.17
(2.27) 3.77
(2.16) 3.83
(2.17) 5.27
(2.49) 65.27 0.77 67.71 0.78 61.65 0.76 58.41 0.71 63.26
5 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 42 + 75 1000 3.93
(2.21) 4.00
(2.22) 3.33
(2.07) 4.67
(2.36) 67.21 0.80 65.70 0.75 66.66 0.82 63.15 0.77 65.68
6 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 48.3 + 86.2 1150 3.67
(2.15) 3.67
(2.15) 3.23
(2.04) 4.00
(2.22) 69.44 0.82 68.56 0.79 67.66 0.83 68.41 0.83 68.52
7 Untreated Control -- -- 12.00
(3.60) 11.66
(3.55) 10.00
(3.31) 12.66
(3.69) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.218 0.517 0.458 0.411 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.07 0.166 0.147 0.132 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 6. Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chillicrop at 15 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 8.00
(2.99) 6.90
(2.80) 6.77
(2.77) 7.50
(2.90) 33.31 - 40.84 - 32.31 - 40.77 - 36.81
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 2.83
(1.95) 2.50
(1.83) 2.77
(1.93) 3.77
(2.18) 76.38 - 78.57 - 72.32 - 70.26 - 74.38
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 1.77
(1.66) 1.78
(1.65) 1.83
(1.68) 2.43
(1.85) 85.27 1.01 84.77 0.97 81.66 1.00 80.78 0.98 83.12
4 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 72.2 + 85 850 2.23
(1.77) 1.89
(1.68) 2.00
(1.71) 2.67
(1.91) 81.38 0.97 83.82 0.96 80.03 0.98 78.94 0.96 81.04
5 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 85 + 100 1000 0.55
(1.24) 0.33
(1.15) 0.15
(1.06) 0.33
(1.14) 95.39 1.13 97.17 1.11 98.53 1.21 97.39 1.18 97.12
6 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 97.7 + 115 1150 0.44
(1.19) 0.22
(1.10) 0.11
(1.05) 0.22
(1.10) 96.33 1.14 98.11 1.12 98.90 1.22 98.26 1.19 97.90
7 Untreated Control -- -- 12.00
(3.60) 11.66
(3.55) 10.00
(3.31) 12.66
(3.69) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.348 0.302 0.362 0.263 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.112 0.097 0.116 0.084 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 7Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 15 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 8.00
(2.99) 6.90
(2.80) 6.77
(2.78) 7.50
(2.90) 33.31 - 40.84 - 32.31 - 40.77 - 36.81
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 2.83
(1.95) 2.50
(1.83) 2.77
(1.93) 3.77
(2.18) 76.38 - 78.57 - 72.32 - 70.26 - 74.38
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 1.77
(1.66) 1.78
(1.65) 1.83
(1.68) 2.43
(1.85) 85.27 1.01 84.77 0.97 81.66 1.00 80.78 0.98 83.12
4 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 77.3+89.2 850 2.33
(1.82) 2.10
(1.76) 1.78
(1.66) 2.50
(1.86) 80.55 0.96 81.99 0.94 82.23 1.01 80.26 0.97 81.26
5 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 91+105 1000 0.55
(1.24) 0.22
(1.09) 0.15
(1.06) 0.22
(1.10) 95.39 1.13 98.11 1.12 98.53 1.21 98.26 1.19 97.57
6 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 104.6+120.7 1150 0.33
(1.13) 0.15
(1.06) 0.11
(1.05) 0.15
(1.06) 97.22 1.15 98.74 1.13 98.90 1.22 98.84 1.20 98.43
7 Untreated Control -- -- 12.00
(3.60) 11.66
(3.55) 10.00
(3.31) 12.66
(3.69) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.26 0.30 0.17 0.25 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.08 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 8
B. Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) After 30 Days-
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 12.33
(3.65) 8.67
(3.10) 8.77
(3.12) 10.33
(3.36) 30.18 - 40.45 - 30.79 - 39.99 - 35.35
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 4.33
(2.30) 3.43
(2.08) 3.60
(2.14) 5.10
(2.47) 75.47 - 76.41 - 71.58 - 70.38 - 73.46
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC + Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 2.93
(1.97) 2.23
(1.79) 2.50
(1.86) 3.33
(2.07) 83.39 1.01 84.65 0.98 80.26 1.00 80.64 0.98 82.24
4 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 35.7 + 63.7 850 6.50
(2.72) 4.83
(2.40) 5.10
(2.46) 7.33
(2.88) 63.20 0.76 66.79 0.78 59.74 0.74 57.41 0.70 61.79
5 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 42 + 75 1000 6.17
(2.67) 5.33
(2.50) 4.33
(2.30) 6.83
(2.79) 65.09 0.79 63.35 0.74 65.79 0.82 60.32 0.73 63.64
6 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 48.3 + 86.2 1150 5.67
(2.56) 4.83
(2.39) 4.23
(2.28) 5.93
(2.63) 67.92 0.82 66.79 0.78 66.58 0.83 65.54 0.80 66.71
7 Untreated Control -- -- 17.66
(4.32) 14.55
(3.94) 12.67
(3.69) 17.22
(4.26) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.36 0.45 0.36 0.25 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.08 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 9 Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 30 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 12.33
(3.65) 8.67
(3.10) 8.77
(3.12) 10.33
(3.36) 30.18 - 40.45 - 30.79 - 39.99 - 35.35
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 4.33
(2.30) 3.43
(2.08) 3.60
(2.14) 5.10
(2.47) 75.47 - 76.41 - 71.58 - 70.38 - 73.46
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC + Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 2.93
(1.97) 2.23
(1.79) 2.50
(1.86) 3.33
(2.07) 83.39 1.01 84.65 0.98 80.26 1.00 80.64 0.98 82.24
4 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 35.7 + 63.7 850 6.50
(2.72) 4.83
(2.40) 5.10
(2.46) 7.33
(2.88) 63.20 0.76 66.79 0.78 59.74 0.74 57.41 0.70 61.79
5 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 42 + 75 1000 6.17
(2.67) 5.33
(2.50) 4.33
(2.30) 6.83
(2.79) 65.09 0.79 63.35 0.74 65.79 0.82 60.32 0.73 63.64
6 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 48.3 + 86.2 1150 5.67
(2.56) 4.83
(2.39) 4.23
(2.28) 5.93
(2.63) 67.92 0.82 66.79 0.78 66.58 0.83 65.54 0.80 66.71
7 Untreated Control -- -- 17.66
(4.32) 14.55
(3.94) 12.67
(3.69) 17.22
(4.26) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.36 0.45 0.36 0.25 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.08 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 10: Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chillicrop at 30 days after Treatment (Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 12.33
(3.65) 8.67
(3.10) 8.77
(3.12) 10.33
(3.66) 30.18 - 40.45 - 30.79 - 39.99 - 35.35
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 4.33
(2.30) 3.43
(2.10) 3.60
(2.14) 5.10
(2.47) 75.47 - 76.41 - 71.58 - 70.38 - 73.46
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 2.93
(1.98) 2.23
(1.79) 2.50
(1.86) 3.33
(2.07) 83.39 1.01 84.65 0.98 80.26 1.00 80.64 0.98 82.24
4 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 72.2 + 85 850 3.43
(2.10) 2.22
(1.79) 2.50
(1.86) 3.83
(2.19) 80.56 0.97 84.75 0.99 80.26 1.00 77.74 0.95 80.83
5 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 85 + 100 1000 0.78
(1.32) 0.37
(1.16) 0.22
(1.10) 0.44
(1.19) 95.60 1.15 97.48 1.13 98.26 1.22 97.44 1.19 97.20
6 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 97.7 + 115 1150 0.74
(1.30) 0.33
(1.14) 0.18
(1.08) 0.33
(1.14) 95.83 1.16 97.73 1.14 98.55 1.23 98.08 1.19 97.55
7 Untreated Control -- -- 17.66
(4.32) 14.55
(3.94) 12.67
(3.69) 17.22
(4.26) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.25 0.17 0.22 0.20 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.06 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 11: Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 30 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5%).
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 12.33
(3.65) 8.67
(3.10) 8.77
(3.12) 10.33
(3.36) 30.18 - 40.45 - 30.79 - 39.99 - 35.35
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 4.33
(2.30) 3.43
(2.10) 3.60
(2.14) 5.10
(2.47) 75.47 - 76.41 - 71.58 - 70.38 - 73.46
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 2.93
(1.98) 2.23
(1.79) 2.50
(1.87) 3.33
(2.07) 83.39 1.01 84.65 0.98 80.26 1.00 80.64 0.98 82.24
4 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 77.3+89.2 850 3.67
(2.15) 2.83
(1.95) 2.29
(1.81) 3.33
(2.06) 79.24 0.96 80.53 0.94 81.89 1.02 80.64 0.98 80.58
5 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 91+105 1000 0.78
(1.32) 0.33
(1.15) 0.18
(1.08) 0.37
(1.16) 95.60 1.15 97.73 1.14 98.55 1.23 97.87 1.19 97.44
6 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 104.6+120.7 1150 0.44
(1.19) 0.22
(1.10) 0.22
(1.10) 0.33
(1.14) 97.51 1.18 98.49 1.15 98.26 1.22 98.08 1.19 98.09
7 Untreated Control -- -- 17.66
(4.32) 14.55
(3.94) 12.67
(3.69) 17.22
(4.26) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.25 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.08 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

C. Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) After 60 Days-
Table 12. Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chillicrop at 60 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 15.67
(4.08) 11.63
(3.55) 14.60
(3.94) 14.33
(3.91) 28.79 - 38.77 - 29.70 - 37.68 - 33.73
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 5.83
(2.60) 5.23
(2.49) 6.17
(2.67) 7.20
(2.86) 73.48 - 72.46 - 70.30 - 68.70 - 71.24
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC + Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 3.83
(2.19) 3.17
(2.02) 4.23
(2.27) 4.67
(2.37) 82.58 1.02 83.33 1.00 79.61 1.01 79.71 0.99 81.31
4 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 35.7 + 63.7 850 8.67
(3.09) 6.67
(2.76) 8.67
(3.10) 10.33
(3.36) 60.61 0.75 64.91 0.78 58.27 0.74 55.07 0.68 59.71
5 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 42 + 75 1000 8.00
(2.98) 7.17
(2.85) 7.33
(2.88) 9.50
(3.23) 63.64 0.78 62.28 0.75 64.69 0.82 58.70 0.73 62.32
6 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 48.3 + 86.2 1150 7.53
(2.91) 6.57
(2.73) 7.50
(2.91) 8.20
(3.02) 65.76 0.81 65.44 0.79 63.88 0.81 64.35 0.80 64.86
7 Untreated Control -- -- 22.00
(4.79) 19.00
(4.47) 20.77
(4.66) 23.00
(4.89) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.40 0.28 0.22 0.24 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.07 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 13: Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 60 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10%)

T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 15.67
(4.08) 11.63
(3.55) 14.60
(3.94) 14.33
(3.91) 28.79 - 38.77 - 29.70 - 37.68 - 33.73
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 5.83
(2.61) 5.23
(2.49) 6.17
(2.67) 7.20
(2.86) 73.48 - 72.46 - 70.30 - 68.70 - 71.24
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 3.83
(2.19) 3.17
(2.04) 4.23
(2.28) 4.67
(2.37) 82.58 1.02 83.33 1.00 79.61 1.01 79.71 0.99 81.31
4 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 72.2 + 85 850 4.50
(2.34) 3.33
(2.07) 4.30
(2.30) 6.33
(2.70) 79.55 0.98 82.46 0.99 79.29 1.00 72.46 0.90 78.44
5 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 85 + 100 1000 1.22
(1.48) 0.67
(1.27) 0.55
(1.23) 0.89
(1.37) 94.45 1.16 96.49 1.16 97.34 1.23 96.14 1.19 96.11
6 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 97.7 + 115 1150 1.11
(1.45) 0.55
(1.23) 0.44
(1.18) 0.55
(1.23) 94.95 1.17 97.09 1.17 97.87 1.24 97.59 1.21 96.88
7 Untreated Control -- -- 22.00
(4.79) 19.00
(4.47) 20.77
(4.66) 23.00
(4.89) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.16 0.26 0.19 0.20 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.05 0.08 0.06 0.06 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 14:Density of Broad leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 60 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Broad leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Euphorbia hirta Amaranthus soinosus Anagallis arvensis Digera arvensis Euphorbia hirta Colby,s
Value Amaranthus soinosus Colby,s
Value Anagallis arvensis Colby,s
Value Digera arvensis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 15.67
(4.08) 11.63
(3.55) 14.60
(3.94) 14.33
(3.91) 28.79 - 38.77 - 29.70 - 37.68 - 33.73
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 5.83
(2.61) 5.23
(2.49) 6.17
(2.67) 7.20
(2.86) 73.48 - 72.46 - 70.30 - 68.70 - 71.24
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 3.83
(2.19) 3.17
(2.04) 4.23
(2.28) 4.67
(2.37) 82.58 1.02 83.33 1.00 79.61 1.01 79.71 0.99 81.31
4 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 77.3+89.2 850 4.50
(2.34) 3.33
(2.07) 4.10
(2.25) 4.57
(2.35) 79.55 0.98 82.46 0.99 80.26 1.01 80.14 1.00 80.60
5 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 91+105 1000 1.15
(1.46) 0.55
(1.23) 0.44
(1.18) 0.78
(1.32) 94.79 1.17 97.09 1.17 97.87 1.24 96.62 1.20 96.59
6 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 104.6+120.7 1150 1.08
(1.44) 0.44
(1.18) 0.44
(1.18) 0.50
(1.21) 95.08 1.17 97.67 1.17 97.87 1.24 97.83 1.22 97.11
7 Untreated Control -- -- 22.00
(4.79) 19.00
(4.47) 20.77
(4.66) 23.00
(4.89) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.13 0.22 0.25 0.21 - - - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.06 - - - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Efficacy on Broad Leaf Weeds
Among all the doses of combination and individual treatments of Ipfencarbazone + Oxyfluorfen (as presented in Tables 5 to 14), significant observations were made regarding the control of broad-leaf weeds. The combination of Ipfencarbazone 85 g a.i./ha + Oxyfluorfen 100 g a.i./ha (Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyfluorfen 10%) recorded 97.1%, 97.2%, and 96.1% control of broad-leaf weeds at 15, 30, and 60 days after treatment, respectively. This performance was found to be on par with the higher dosage of Ipfencarbazone 104.6 g a.i./ha + Oxyfluorfen 120.7 g a.i./ha (Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyfluorfen 10.5%), which recorded 98.4%, 98.9%, and 97.1% control at the same time points.
However, the combination of Ipfencarbazone 48.3 g a.i./ha + Oxyfluorfen 86.2 g a.i./ha (Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyfluorfen 7.5%) was not effective in controlling broad-leaf weeds, with control rates of less than 50% at 15, 30, and 60 days after treatment.
When Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC was used individually at 200 g a.i./ha, it controlled broad-leaf weeds with 74.3%, 73.4%, and 71.2% efficacy at 15, 30, and 60 days after treatment, respectively. On the other hand, Ipfencarbazone 25% SC at 85 g a.i./ha showed lower control efficacy, recording 36.8%, 35.3%, and 33.7% at 15, 30, and 60 days after treatment, respectively.
The tank mix combination of Ipfencarbazone 25% SC at 114 g a.i./ha + Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC demonstrated effective control, with 83.3%, 82.2%, and 81.3% control of broad-leaf weeds, along with 91.2%, 89.7%, and 88.6% control of narrow-leaf weeds at 15, 30, and 60 days after treatment, respectively. This highlights the superior efficacy of the combination in managing both broad-leaf and narrow-leaf weeds.

Example 6: Bioefficacy of an Herbicidal Composition and thereof (Ipfencarbazone + Oxyfluorfen) on Chilli crop against narrow leaf weeds.
A. Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) After 15 Days-

Table 15: Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 15 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Narrow leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Dactylocteniumaegyptium Echinochloa spp. Digitariasanguinalis Dactylocteniumaegyptium Colby,s
Value Echinochloa spp. Colby,s
Value Digitariasanguinalis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 2.37
(1.83) 1.81
(1.66) 2.17
(1.77) 81.79 - 84.51 - 80.30 - 82.20
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 7.50
(2.91) 7.07
(2.84) 6.90
(2.81) 42.31 - 39.62 - 37.27 - 39.73
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC + Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 +
200 500 + 850 1.10
(1.44) 0.89
(1.37) 1.11
(1.45) 91.54 1.02 92.42 1.02 89.91 1.03 91.29
4 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 35.7 + 63.7 850 9.07
(3.17) 7.57
(2.92) 7.00
(2.82) 30.26 0.34 35.35 0.39 36.36 0.41 33.99
5 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 42 + 75 1000 7.73
(2.95) 6.73
(2.77) 6.11
(2.66) 40.51 0.45 42.47 0.47 44.45 0.51 42.48
6 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 48.3 + 86.2 1150 7.50
(2.91) 6.33
(2.70) 5.89
(2.62) 42.31 0.47 45.88 0.51 46.48 0.53 44.89
7 Untreated Control -- -- 13.00
(3.74) 11.70
(3.56) 11.00
(3.46) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.15 0.21 0.18 - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.05 0.07 0.05 - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 16: Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 15 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10%).

T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Narrow leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Dactylocteniumaegyptium Echinochloa spp. Digitariasanguinalis Dactylocteniumaegyptium Colby,s
Value Echinochloa spp. Colby,s
Value Digitariasanguinalis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 2.37
(1.83) 1.81
(1.67) 2.17
(1.77) 81.79 - 84.51 - 80.30 - 82.20
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 7.50
(2.91) 7.07
(2.84) 6.90
(2.81) 42.31 - 39.62 - 37.27 - 39.73
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 1.10
(1.44) 0.89
(1.37) 1.11
(1.45) 91.54 1.02 92.42 1.02 89.91 1.03 91.29
4 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 72.2 + 85 850 4.07
(2.25) 3.57
(2.13) 3.23
(2.05) 68.72 0.77 69.52 0.77 70.61 0.81 69.62
5 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 85 + 100 1000 0.33
(1.14) 0.22
(1.10) 0.18
(1.08) 97.46 1.09 98.12 1.08 98.33 1.12 97.97
6 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 97.7 + 115 1150 0.22
(1.10) 0.18
(1.08) 0.11
(1.05) 98.31 1.10 98.43 1.09 99.00 1.13 98.58
7 Untreated Control -- -- 13.00
(3.74) 11.70
(3.56) 11.00
(3.46) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.17 0.12 0.19 - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.05 0.03 0.06 - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 17:Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 15 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5%)

T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Narrow leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Dactylocteniumaegyptium Echinochloa spp. Digitariasanguinalis Dactylocteniumaegyptium Colby,s
Value Echinochloa spp. Colby,s
Value Digitariasanguinalis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 2.37
(1.83) 1.81
(1.67) 2.17
(1.77) 81.79 - 84.51 - 80.30 - 82.20
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 7.50
(2.91) 7.07
(2.84) 6.90
(2.81) 42.31 - 39.62 - 37.27 - 39.73
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 1.10
(1.44) 0.89
(1.37) 1.11
(1.45) 91.54 1.02 92.42 1.02 89.91 1.03 91.29
4 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 77.3+89.2 850 3.93
(2.21) 3.44
(2.10) 3.00
(1.98) 69.74 0.78 70.58 0.78 72.73 0.83 71.02
5 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 91+105 1000 0.26
(1.11) 0.18
(1.08) 0.34
(1.15) 98.03 1.10 98.43 1.09 96.88 1.11 97.78
6 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 104.6+120.7 1150 0.22
(1.10) 0.15
(1.06) 0.11
(1.05) 98.31 1.10 98.75 1.09 99.00 1.13 98.68
7 Untreated Control -- -- 13.00
(3.74) 11.70
(3.56) 11.00
(3.46) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.19 0.14 0.17 - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.06 0.04 0.05 - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

B. Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) After 30 Days-
Table 18:Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 30 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5%).
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Narrow leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Dactylocteniumaegyptium Echinochloa spp. Digitariasanguinalis Dactylocteniumaegyptium Colby,s
Value Echinochloa spp. Colby,s
Value Digitariasanguinalis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 3.67
(2.15) 3.07
(2.00) 3.33
(2.06) 80.23 - 82.86 - 79.72 - 80.94
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 10.83
(3.43) 11.00
(3.46) 10.67
(3.41) 41.60 - 38.51 - 35.12 - 38.41
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC + Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 1.77
(1.65) 1.53
(1.58) 2.10
(1.74) 90.48 1.02 91.43 1.02 87.23 1.00 89.71
4 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 35.7 + 63.7 850 13.00
(3.74) 11.83
(3.58) 10.77
(3.42) 29.92 0.34 33.86 0.38 34.51 0.40 32.76
5 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 42 + 75 1000 11.17
(3.48) 10.60
(3.40) 9.40
(3.22) 39.80 0.45 40.75 0.46 42.82 0.49 41.12
6 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 48.3 + 86.2 1150 11.00
(3.46) 10.07
(3.32) 9.00
(3.16) 40.70 0.46 43.73 0.49 45.26 0.52 43.23
7 Untreated Control -- -- 18.55
(4.42) 17.89
(4.34) 16.44
(4.17) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.23 0.25 0.29 - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.07 0.08 0.09 - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 19:Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 30 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Narrow leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Dactylocteniumaegyptium Echinochloa spp. Digitariasanguinalis Dactylocteniumaegyptium Colby,s
Value Echinochloa spp. Colby,s
Value Digitariasanguinalis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 3.67
(2.15) 3.07
(2.01) 3.33
(2.08) 80.23 - 82.86 - 79.72 - 80.94
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 10.83
(3.43) 11.00
(3.46) 10.67
(3.41) 41.60 - 38.51 - 35.12 - 38.41
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 1.77
(1.65) 1.53
(1.58) 2.10
(1.76) 90.48 1.02 91.43 1.02 87.23 1.00 89.71
4 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 72.2 + 85 850 6.17
(2.67) 5.60
(2.56) 5.00
(2.44) 66.76 0.75 68.70 0.77 69.59 0.80 68.35
5 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 85 + 100 1000 0.66
(1.28) 0.63
(1.26) 0.63
(1.26) 96.42 1.09 96.50 1.08 96.19 1.11 96.37
6 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 97.7 + 115 1150 0.44
(1.18) 0.55
(1.23) 0.41
(1.16) 97.61 1.10 96.91 1.08 97.53 1.12 97.35
7 Untreated Control -- -- 18.55
(4.42) 17.89
(4.34) 16.44
(4.17) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.26 0.28 0.25 - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.08 0.09 0.08 - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 20:Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 30 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Narrow leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Dactylocteniumaegyptium Echinochloa spp. Digitariasanguinalis Dactylocteniumaegyptium Colby,s
Value Echinochloa spp. Colby,s
Value Digitariasanguinalis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 3.67
(2.15) 3.07
(2.00) 3.33
(2.08) 80.23 - 82.86 - 79.72 - 80.94
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 10.83
(3.43) 11.00
(3.46) 10.67
(3.41) 41.60 - 38.51 - 35.12 - 38.41
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 1.77
(1.65) 1.53
(1.58) 2.10
(1.76) 90.48 1.02 91.43 1.02 87.23 1.00 89.71
4 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 77.3+89.2 850 5.83
(2.61) 5.60
(2.56) 5.00
(2.44) 68.55 0.77 68.70 0.77 69.59 0.80 68.95
5 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 91+105 1000 0.55
(1.24) 0.59
(1.24) 0.63
(1.26) 97.02 1.10 96.70 1.08 96.19 1.11 96.64
6 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 104.6+120.7 1150 0.44
(1.18) 0.55
(1.23) 0.41
(1.17) 97.61 1.10 96.91 1.08 97.53 1.12 97.35
7 Untreated Control -- -- 18.55
(4.42) 17.89
(4.34) 16.44
(4.17) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.29 0.31 0.23 - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.09 0.10 0.07 - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

C. Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) After 60 Days
Table 21:Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 60 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Narrow leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Dactylocteniumaegyptium Echinochloa spp. Digitariasanguinalis Dactylocteniumaegyptium Colby,s
Value Echinochloa spp. Colby,s
Value Digitariasanguinalis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 5.67
(2.58) 5.17
(2.48) 4.90
(2.42) 80.46 - 80.78 - 78.70 - 79.98
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 17.33
(4.28) 16.70
(4.20) 15.33
(4.04) 40.23 - 37.87 - 33.33 - 37.15
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC + Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 2.83
(1.95) 2.57
(1.88) 3.37
(2.08) 90.23 1.02 90.45 1.03 85.36 0.99 88.68
4 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 35.7 + 63.7 850 20.67
(4.65) 18.17
(4.37) 15.43
(4.05) 28.74 0.33 32.42 0.37 32.90 0.38 31.35
5 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 42 + 75 1000 17.93
(4.35) 16.17
(4.14) 13.67
(3.82) 38.16 0.43 39.86 0.45 40.58 0.47 39.53
6 Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5% WG 48.3 + 86.2 1150 17.67
(4.32) 15.33
(4.04) 12.93
(3.73) 39.08 0.44 42.96 0.49 43.77 0.51 41.93
7 Untreated Control -- -- 29.00
(5.47) 26.88
(5.28) 23.00
(4.89) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.11 0.13 0.16 - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.03 0.04 0.05 - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 22:Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 60 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10%).
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Narrow leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Dactylocteniumaegyptium Echinochloa spp. Digitariasanguinalis Dactylocteniumaegyptium Colby,s
Value Echinochloa spp. Colby,s
Value Digitariasanguinalis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 5.67
(2.58) 5.17
(2.48) 4.90
(2.42) 80.46 - 80.78 - 78.70 - 79.98
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 17.33
(4.28) 16.70
(4.20) 15.33
(4.04) 40.23 - 37.87 - 33.33 - 37.15
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 2.83
(1.95) 2.57
(1.88) 3.03
(2.00) 90.23 1.02 90.45 1.03 86.81 1.01 89.16
4 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 72.2 + 85 850 10.00
(3.31) 8.83
(3.13) 7.33
(2.88) 65.52 0.74 67.14 0.76 68.12 0.79 66.92
5 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 85 + 100 1000 1.33
(1.52) 1.17
(1.47) 1.17
(1.47) 95.40 1.08 95.66 1.09 94.93 1.11 95.33
6 Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10% WG 97.7 + 115 1150 1.00
(1.41) 1.11
(1.45) 1.13
(1.45) 96.55 1.09 95.87 1.09 95.07 1.11 95.83
7 Untreated Control -- -- 29.00
(5.47) 26.88
(5.28) 23.00
(4.89) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.16 0.14 0.15 - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.05 0.04 0.05 - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Table 23:Density of Narrow leaf weeds and Weed Control Efficiency (%) in Chilli crop at 60 days after treatment (Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5%)
T. No. Treatments Doses/ ha Narrow leaf weeds (no./m2) Weed Control Efficiency (%) Mean % weed control
a.i.(g/ml/ha) Formulations
(g/ml/ha) Dactylocteniumaegyptium Echinochloa spp. Digitariasanguinalis Dactylocteniumaegyptium Colby,s
Value Echinochloa spp. Colby,s
Value Digitariasanguinalis Colby,s
Value
1 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC 114 500 5.67
(2.58) 5.17
(2.48) 4.90
(2.42) 80.46 - 80.78 - 78.70 - 79.98
2 Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 200 850 17.33
(4.28) 16.70
(4.20) 15.33
(4.04) 40.23 - 37.87 - 33.33 - 37.15
3 Ipfencarbazone 25% SC+ Oxyflurofen 23.5% EC 114 + 200 500 + 850 2.83
(1.95) 2.57
(1.87) 3.37
(2.08) 90.23 1.02 90.45 1.03 85.36 0.99 88.68
4 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 77.3+89.2 850 9.33
(3.21) 8.40
(3.06) 7.00
(2.82) 67.82 0.77 68.75 0.78 69.57 0.81 68.71
5 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5% WG 91+105 1000 1.00
(1.41) 1.17
(1.47) 1.17
(1.47) 96.55 1.09 95.66 1.09 94.93 1.11 95.71
6 Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen10.5% WG 104.6+120.7 1150 0.89
(1.37) 1.11
(1.45) 1.13
(1.45) 96.94 1.10 95.87 1.09 95.07 1.11 95.96
7 Untreated Control -- -- 29.00
(5.47) 26.88
(5.28) 23.00
(4.89) 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00 - 0.00
CD (0.05) 0.11 0.17 0.16 - - - - - - -
SE(m) 0.03 0.05 0.05 - - - - - - -
Figures in parenthesis are square root transformed values

Efficacy on Narrow Leaf Weeds
Among all the doses of combination and individual treatments of Ipfencarbazone + Oxyfluorfen (as presented in Tables 15 to 23), important observations were made regarding the control of narrow-leaf weeds. The combination of Ipfencarbazone 85 g a.i./ha + Oxyfluorfen 100 g a.i./ha (Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyfluorfen 10%) recorded 97.9%, 96.3%, and 95.3% control of narrow-leaf weeds at 15, 30, and 60 days after treatment, respectively. This was found to be on par with the higher dosage of Ipfencarbazone 104.6 g a.i./ha + Oxyfluorfen 120.7 g a.i./ha (Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyfluorfen 10.5%), which recorded 98.6%, 97.3%, and 95.9% control at the same time points.
On the other hand, the combination of Ipfencarbazone 48.3 g a.i./ha + Oxyfluorfen 86.2 g a.i./ha (Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyfluorfen 7.5%) was not effective in controlling narrow-leaf weeds, with control rates significantly lower at 15%, 30%, and 60 days.
When Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC was applied individually at 200 g a.i./ha, it showed 39.7%, 38.4%, and 37.1% control of narrow-leaf weeds at 15, 30, and 60 days, respectively. Similarly, Ipfencarbazone 25% SC applied at 85 g a.i./ha recorded 82.2%, 80.9%, and 79.9% control of narrow-leaf weeds at the same intervals.
The tank mix combination of Ipfencarbazone 25% SC at 114 g a.i./ha + Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC achieved 83.3%, 82.2%, and 81.3% control of broad-leaf weeds and 91.2%, 89.7%, and 88.6% control of narrow-leaf weeds at 15, 30, and 60 days after treatment, respectively.
The data indicate that individually, Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC was effective only against broad-leaf weeds, while Ipfencarbazone 25% SC was effective only against narrow-leaf weeds. However, due to the synergistic action of the two herbicides, both at lower doses, the combination provided better control of both broad-leaf and narrow-leaf weeds. Oxyfluorfen, belonging to the Diphenyl Ether group, and Ipfencarbazone, a Triazolinone herbicide, worked together to deliver superior efficacy. This combination resulted in more than 90% control of both broad-leaf and narrow-leaf weeds up to 60 days after treatment.
Furthermore, the combination of Ipfencarbazone + Oxyfluorfen did not show any signs of phytotoxicity to the chilli crop, confirming its safety and effectiveness for use in crop protection.
Example: 6 Assessment of Phytotoxicity and Effectiveness of the Composition -
Various herbicidal compositions of the present disclosure provided good control of broad leaf and narrow leaf weeds in chilli as compared to reference products. Further, the use of these herbicidal compositions resulted in better crop conditions, i.e. fresh green leaves and didn’t produce any phytotoxic symptoms on the plants. Table 24-26 depicts the phytotoxic effects of the various herbicidal compositions of the present disclosure on chilli at 5th, 10th and 15th DAP.
Table 24: Phytotoxic effects of the herbicidal combination of “Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyflurofen 7.5%” on chilli
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 25: Phytotoxic effects of the herbicidal combination of “Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyflurofen 10%” on chilli
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Table 26: Phytotoxic effects of the herbicidal combination of “Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyflurofen 10.5%” on chilli
Treatments Phytotoxicity rating
Yellowing Wilting Necrosis Epinasty Hyponasty
Days After Spray
5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15 5 10 15
T1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Conclusion
Following a comprehensive evaluation of three herbicidal formulations, namely Ipfencarbazone 4.2% + Oxyfluorfen 7.5% WG, Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyfluorfen 10% WG, and Ipfencarbazone 9.1% + Oxyfluorfen 10.5% WG, across three distinct application doses (850 ml/ha, 1000 ml/ha, and 1150 ml/ha), it was determined that the formulation of Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyfluorfen 10% WG, when applied at a dose of 1000 g/ha, exhibited superior efficacy in controlling both broad-leaf and narrow-leaf weeds in Capsicum annuum (chilli) crops. This formulation was found to be more effective than both the tank mix formulation of Ipfencarbazone 25% SC + Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC and the individual treatments of Ipfencarbazone 25% SC and Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC. Moreover, the performance of Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyfluorfen 10% WG @ 1000 g/ha was found to be on par with the higher doses and active ingredient concentrations tested.
Based on these findings, the formulation of Ipfencarbazone 8.5% + Oxyfluorfen 10% WG at a rate of 1000 g/ha (equivalent to 85 g a.i./ha of Ipfencarbazone and 100 g a.i./ha of Oxyfluorfen) is recommended for use as an effective and efficient solution for the control of broad-leaf and narrow-leaf weeds in chilli crops. The application of this formulation is deemed to provide optimal results in terms of weed management, while also ensuring safety and compatibility with the crop.
, Claims:
1. A herbicidal composition comprising Ipfencarbazone and Oxyfluorfen, wherein Ipfencarbazone is present in an amount ranging from 5% to 40% by weight of the composition, and Oxyfluorfen is present in an amount ranging from 5% to 30% by weight of the composition.

2. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agrochemically acceptable excipients include antifoaming agent, anti-freezing agent, wetting agent, dispersing agent, anti-foaming agent, solubiliser or solubilizing agents, Rheology modifiers and Biocide carriers or combination thereof.

3. The herbicidal composition as claimed claim 1, wherein the formulation is selected from but not limited to suspo-emulsion (SE), water-dispersible granule (WDG), or wettable powder (WP) , suspension concentrate (SC), oil dispersion (OD).

4. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dispersing is in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 8.0% by weight and is selected from but not limited to Sodium ligno sulphate, Naphthalene Sulfonate condensate, Catalytic reformer fractionat or, sulfonated, polymers with formaldehyde, sodium salts, Tersperse 2700 Calcium ligno sulphate, Polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, tristyryl phenol ethylated , Acrylic Copolymer, Ethoxylated Tristryl phenol Sulphate, Naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde, Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, Polyalkelene glycol ether, Tristyryl phenol phosphate ester, Ethoxylated Fatty alcohol and/or mixtures thereof

5. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wetting agent is in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 5.0% by weight and is selected from but not limited to of non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactant and a mixture of anionic and non-ionic surfactant and polymeric surfactant. The wetting agent used in the present composition is selected from and not limited to Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate non-ionic emulsifier, Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts Di-alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate Sodium Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. mixture of non-ionic surfactants &alkoxylated alcohol/block copolymer and/or mixtures thereof.

6. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antifoaming agent is in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 5.0% by weight and is selected from but not limited to Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide, polydimethyl siloxane, Silicon emulsion, silicon based agents, absorbed polydimethyl siloxane, stearates, silicones (SILFOAM®, SILFAR®, PULPSIL ® and WACKER® AK) and ethoxylates and mixtures thereof.

7. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antifreezing agent is in an amount ranging from 0% to 10% by weight and is selected from but not limited to Glycol, Propylene Glycol, Mono ethylene glycol, Glycerin, Diethylene glycol or mixtures thereof.

8. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rheology modifier is in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 10.0% by weight and is selected from but not limited to xanthan gum, bentonite clay, or precipitated silica.

9. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Biocides is in an amount ranging up to 0% to 3% by weight and selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to biocide by weight of the formulation selected from the group comprising of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, Proexl GXL, formaldehyde, dipropyl glycol solution of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one or mixtures thereof.

10. The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Solubiliser or solubilizer agents is in an amount ranging up to 0% to 10% by weight and selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to selected from the group comprising of Alcohols such as ethanol, Sugars such as sorbitol, Polyethylene glycols such as PEG-400, Propylene glycol, Cyclodextrins , Sodium Lauryl Sulphates and Ammonium sulphate or mixtures thereof.The herbicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inert carrier is in an amount ranging up to 0% to 95 % by weight and selected from the group comprising of, but not limited to kaolin, china clay, alumina, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, crushed and fractionated natural minerals such as calcite, marble, pumice, dextrin, precipitated silica, sepiolite, bentonite, river sand, white sand, zeolites, starch, sand, talc, quartz, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, aluminium oxide, silicates, calcium phosphates, calcium hydrogen phosphates, ammonium sulphate or mixtures thereof.

11. A process for preparing a water-dispersible granules (WDG) herbicidal formulation, comprising the steps of:
a. pre-blending Ipfencarbazone, Oxyfluorfen, and other agrochemically acceptable auxiliaries to obtain a homogeneous mixture;
b. milling the homogeneous mixture using suitable equipment to obtain a particle size of below 30 microns;
c. post-blending the milled material and preparing a dough by adding water to the mixture;
d. extruding the dough using a suitable extruder to form granules;
e. drying the extruded granules to remove moisture; and
f. sieving the dried granules through suitable size sieves to obtain water-dispersible granules suitable for agricultural use.