DESC:BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR BATTERY PACK(S)
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application claims priority from Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202421001997 filed on 10/01/2024, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by a reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
Generally, the present disclosure relates to a battery management system (BMS) for a battery pack. Particularly, the present disclosure relates to thermal management of the battery pack.
BACKGROUND
The thermal efficiency of a powerpack is a crucial factor as it directly influences the performance, longevity, and safety of the entire powerpack system. In a powerpack, such as those used in electric vehicles (EVs) or other high-performance applications, heat is generated during the conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy, and efficient thermal management is necessary to maintain optimal operating conditions. As a result, manufacturers have consistently worked to enhance the operation of coolant pumps and related cooling mechanisms for optimal thermal efficiency of the powerpack.
Conventionally, the cooling mechanism of the powerpack employs a coolant pump operating at a fixed speed, providing a constant flow of coolant to the powerpack. The above-mentioned setup provides a constant-flow pump or a pump that is manually controlled, and thereby the flowrate is independent of the operational demands of the powerpack temperature. The coolant flow relies on on/off controls or a manual speed setting, and the pump operates continuously, providing a steady stream of coolant and subsequently, the heat from the powerpack is transferred to a radiator or heat exchanger.
However, there are certain problems associated with the existing or above-mentioned cooling mechanism of the powerpack. For instance, during the low load or low temperature operation of a powerpack, the coolant may flow excessively, leading to wasted energy and unnecessary wear on the pump. Conversely, during high load or temperature conditions, the fixed flowrate may result in ineffective cooling of the powerpack, leading to potential overheating and damage. Additionally, the lack of dynamic adjustment based on the temperature variation restricts the coolant ability to optimize the cooling performance. Consequently, the coolant pump efficiency for cooling mechanism, and the overall lifespan of both the pump and the powerpack are reduced.
Therefore, there exists a need of a cooling mechanism of the powerpack that is efficient, safe, and overcomes one or more problems as mentioned above.
SUMMARY
An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for operating a coolant pump associated with a liquid cooled powerpack.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system capable of regulating the coolant flow of a powerpack based on the temperature of the battery pack.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and method for operating a coolant pump associated with a liquid cooled powerpack, with improved efficiency and dynamic thermal management.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for operating a coolant pump associated with a liquid cooled powerpack, the system comprises:
- a thermal module coupled with the powerpack;
- a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit configured to modulate flowrate of the coolant pump; and
- a processing module coupled with the thermal module and the PWM circuit,
- wherein the PWM circuit is configured to control the duty cycle of the coolant pump based on a signal received from the processing module.
The system for operating a coolant pump associated with a liquid cooled powerpack, as described in the present disclosure, is advantageous in terms of adjusting the coolant flowrate in real-time based on the temperature of the powerpack. Further, the energy consumption of the coolant pump is reduced as the coolant pump operates only at the required flowrate. Furthermore, the ability to dynamically adjust the cooling flow results in improved reliability and adaptability to varying operational conditions.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of operating a coolant pump associated with a liquid cooled powerpack, the method comprises:
- receiving a set of temperature values corresponding to the plurality of cell arrays, via a thermal module;
- identifying a max-temperature value from the received set temperature values, via a processing module;
- comparing the identified max-temperature value with a lookup table, via the processing module;
- deriving the flowrate corresponding to the identified max-temperature value, via the processing module; and
- generating and sending a transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate to a PWM circuit, via the processing module.
Additional aspects, advantages, features, and objects of the present disclosure would be made apparent from the drawings and the detailed description of the illustrative embodiments constructed in conjunction with the appended claims that follow.
It will be appreciated that features of the present disclosure are susceptible to being combined in various combinations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The summary above, as well as the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, exemplary constructions of the disclosure are shown in the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed herein. Moreover, those in the art will understand that the drawings are not to scale. Wherever possible, like elements have been indicated by identical numbers.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following diagrams wherein:
Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system for operating a coolant pump associated with a liquid cooled powerpack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of a method of operating a coolant pump associated with a liquid cooled powerpack, in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
In the accompanying drawings, an underlined number is employed to represent an item over which the underlined number is positioned or an item to which the underlined number is adjacent. A non-underlined number relates to an item identified by a line linking the non-underlined number to the item. When a number is non-underlined and accompanied by an associated arrow, the non-underlined number is used to identify a general item at which the arrow is pointing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description illustrates embodiments of the present disclosure and ways in which they can be implemented. Although some modes of carrying out the present disclosure have been disclosed, those skilled in the art would recognize that other embodiments for carrying out or practicing the present disclosure are also possible.
As used herein, the term “coolant pump” refers to a component designed to circulate coolant through the battery pack to manage and regulate the temperature of the overall battery pack. The electric vehicle batteries generate heat during charging and discharging, maintaining an optimal temperature range is crucial for ensuring performance, efficiency, and longevity. The coolant pump is designed to move the coolant fluid, such as, but not limited to, a mixture of water and antifreeze, around the battery modules to absorb excess heat. The cooled fluid is then routed to heat exchangers or radiators to dissipate into the surrounding environment. Therefore, by ensuring that the battery pack remains within a safe temperature range, the coolant pump helps to prevent overheating and thermal damage, improving the overall safety and reliability of the vehicle battery system.
As used herein, the terms “liquid cooled powerpack”, and “powerpack” are used interchangeably and refer to a battery pack design that employs a liquid coolant to regulate the temperature of the battery cells during operation. The liquid cooling system circulates the coolant fluid in channels or cold plates integrated within the battery pack. The coolant absorbs the heat generated by the battery cells during charging and discharging cycles and is dissipated into the environment. Therefore, by maintaining the battery at an optimal operating temperature, the liquid-cooled powerpack prevents overheating, improves the efficiency of the battery cells, and ensures that the battery performs reliably over its lifespan.
As used herein, the term “thermal module” refers to a component that monitors the temperature of individual battery cells or the entire battery pack. The temperature sensing module comprises a temperature sensor (such as, but not limited to, a thermistor, thermocouple, or RTD), an amplifier, and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The temperature sensor detects changes in temperature and converts them into a corresponding electrical signal. This signal is then amplified by the amplifier to bring it to an appropriate level for measurement and converted to a digital format via ADC. The temperature sensing module continuously monitors the temperature, allowing for real-time feedback to adjust system parameters (like triggering cooling or heating mechanisms) or to provide warnings during exceedance of the temperature with respect to a safe threshold.
As used herein, the terms “pulse width modulation circuit”, and “PWM circuit” are used interchangeably and refer to an electronic control mechanism for regulating the power delivered to components such as the coolant pump, fans, or other thermal management systems. The PWM circuit switches the power on and off at a high frequency, creating a series of pulses with varying widths. The width of each pulse determines the amount of time the component receives power during each cycle. Therefore, by adjusting the duration of the "on" phase of the pulse, the PWM circuit precisely controls the effective power or flowrate delivered to the component, allowing for fine-tuned management of energy usage and system performance.
As used herein, the term “duty cycle” refers to the proportion of time the coolant pump is actively operating in relation to the total time of the cycle. The duty cycle is expressed as a percentage and is controlled using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). A higher duty cycle denotes that the pump operates for a longer duration within each cycle, resulting in a higher flow rate of the coolant to dissipate heat more effectively from the battery pack. Conversely, a lower duty cycle indicates reduced pump operation, resulting in a lower flow rate. The duty cycle is dynamically adjusted by the PWM circuit based on temperature readings from the battery pack, ensuring that the pump operates at the optimal flow rate to maintain safe operating temperatures, preventing overheating, and improving battery efficiency and lifespan.
As used herein, the term “cell array” refers to a structured arrangement of individual battery cells, configured in series and/or parallel to form a battery pack. Each cell in the array is a single electrochemical unit capable of storing and releasing electrical energy. The cells are the building blocks of the battery system, and the configuration determines the overall voltage, capacity, and energy density of the pack. The cell array is designed to optimize the performance of the EV, ensuring that the battery pack provides sufficient energy for the vehicle operation while maintaining safety and efficiency. The BMS monitors and manages the individual cells within the array to ensure uniform performance and prevent overcharging, deep discharging, or overheating.
As used herein, the term “temperature sensor” refers to a component that monitors the temperature of various parts of the system, such as the battery cells, voltage sensing module, current sensing module, and processing unit. The thermal sensors are critical for ensuring the system operates within safe temperature ranges, as extreme temperatures may affect the performance and safety of the battery pack. Further, by detecting temperature variations, thermal sensors provide real-time data to the processing unit, enabling it to make informed decisions regarding cooling or heating mechanisms to maintain optimal battery performance and prevent thermal runaway or damage.
As used herein, the term “lookup table” refers to a pre-defined data structure that maps temperature values to the corresponding cooling flowrate or pump speed required to maintain optimal thermal conditions within the battery pack. The lookup table stores relationships between temperature thresholds and flowrate settings used by the BMS to make real-time decisions. This allows for efficient management of the cooling system by adjusting the pump speed based on the real-time thermal requirements of the battery. Additionally, the lookup table is customized for different battery configurations or operating conditions, providing flexibility and scalability. By ensuring the coolant pump delivers the right amount of cooling when needed, the lookup table helps prevent overheating, reduces energy waste, and extends the lifespan of both the battery and the cooling system in electric vehicles.
As used herein, the term “transient pulse” refers to a brief, high-frequency signal used to modulate the operation of the coolant pump. The pulse is generated by the processing module based on the thermal conditions of the battery pack, such as temperature data received from sensors. The transient pulse varies in duration and frequency, and directly influences the pump power or speed, allowing for precise control over the coolant flowrate. A transient pulse is used with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to create dynamic adjustments to the coolant pump's performance, providing rapid responses to temperature fluctuations and ensuring efficient thermal management.
In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for operating a coolant pump associated with a liquid cooled powerpack, the system comprises:
- a thermal module coupled with the powerpack;
- a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit configured to modulate flowrate of the coolant pump; and
- a processing module coupled with the thermal module and the PWM circuit,
wherein the PWM circuit is configured to control the duty cycle of the coolant pump based on a signal received from the processing module.
Referring to figure 1, in accordance with an embodiment, there is described a system 100 for operating a coolant pump 102 associated with a liquid cooled powerpack 104. The system 100 comprises a vehicle frame 102 comprises a thermal module 106 coupled with the liquid cooled powerpack 104, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit 108 configured to modulate flowrate of the coolant pump 102, and a processing module 110 coupled with the thermal module 106 and the PWM circuit 108. Further, the PWM circuit 108 is configured to control the duty cycle of the coolant pump 102 based on a signal received from the processing module 110.
The system 100 allows for dynamic cooling management by adjusting the coolant flowrate in real-time based on the temperature of the powerpack 104. The thermal module 106 monitors the powerpack 104 temperature and continuously sends data to the processing module 110. Further, the processing module 110 processes data and determines the required cooling adjustments. Subsequently, the processing module 110 sends a transient pulse to the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit 108 to adjust the duty cycle of the coolant pump 102. Consequently, the PWM circuit 108 regulates the flowrate of the coolant, increasing it during periods of high thermal load and decreasing it during less thermal load. Advantageously, the energy consumption of the coolant pump 102 is reduced as the coolant pump 102 operates only when needed and at the required flowrate, avoiding unnecessary power usage and reducing overall energy costs. Further, enhanced thermal management prevents the powerpack 104 from overheating or operating at suboptimal temperatures, thereby improving the performance and lifespan of the powerpack. Furthermore, the ability to dynamically adjust the cooling flow results in improved reliability and adaptability to varying operational conditions, such as temperature and thermal load.
In an embodiment, the powerpack 104 comprises a plurality of cell arrays 112A-112N. The inclusion of a plurality of cell arrays 112A-112N in a power pack 104, improves the performance, scalability, and reliability of the overall energy storage system. The division of the power pack 104 into multiple cell arrays ensures that each array is independently monitored and managed for parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature. Consequently, independent monitoring enables more precise control over individual cell behaviour and thereby reduces the risks of overcharging, undercharging, and thermal imbalances within the battery pack.
In an embodiment, the thermal module 106 comprises a plurality of temperature sensors 114A-114N. The inclusion of a plurality of temperature sensors 114A-114N in the thermal module 106 enhances the system ability to monitor and regulate the thermal conditions of the power pack 104. Further, the sensors such as, but not limited to, thermocouples, thermistors, or infrared sensors are placed to capture temperature data from different cell arrays or components. Further, the multiple temperature sensors 114A-114N across different regions of the battery or power pack 104, allow the processing module 110 to obtain precise, localized temperature data, ensuring the early detection of any potential hotspots or thermal imbalances. Consequently, the processing module 110 makes timely adjustments, such as activating cooling mechanisms or adjusting charging/discharging rates to prevent overheating, thus protecting the battery cells and maintaining optimal performance. In addition, the use of multiple sensors contributes to more effective thermal management by providing data on temperature variations across different cell arrays or components, allowing the BMS to optimize cooling strategies and ensure uniform heat distribution. Therefore, the safety and lifespan of the battery pack 104 are improved and energy loss due to inefficient temperature control is reduced.
In an embodiment, the plurality of temperature sensors 114A-114N are connected with the plurality of cell arrays 112A-112N. The plurality of temperature sensors 114A-114N are connected to the plurality of cell arrays 112A-112N, allowing each individual sensor to monitor the temperature of the corresponding cell or cell array. The temperature sensors 114 such as, but not limited to thermistors, thermocouples, or infrared sensors, are placed at critical locations within or around each cell to ensure precise temperature data collection. As the sensors collect temperature data, they transmit it to the processing module 110. Advantageously, the precise temperature data facilitates the processing unit 110 to detect overheating or temperature imbalances within specific cell arrays, indicating potential issues such as overcharging, undercharging, or cell degradation. Consequently, the processing module 110 correlates the thermal conditions with each array to optimize the charging and discharging processes, adjusting parameters dynamically to maintain the overall health of the battery pack. Moreover, early detection of thermal anomalies prevents events such as thermal runaway, ensuring the safety of the power pack 104.
In an embodiment, the processing module 110 is configured to receive temperature values corresponding to the plurality of cell arrays 112A-112N, from the thermal module 106.
In an embodiment, the processing module 110 is configured to identify a max-temperature value from the received temperature values. The processing module 110 is configured to identify a max-temperature value from the received temperature values by analysing all the temperature values in real time. The identification of the max-temperature allows the system to track the worst-case thermal condition in real-time, providing an essential indicator of overheating risks. Further, identifying the max-temperature value ensures that the processing module 110 responds promptly to the thermal anomaly, and immediately performs corrective actions to prevent the battery from exceeding safe temperature thresholds. Additionally, maintaining the battery temperature within optimal operating ranges enables the processing module 110 to reduce cell degradation and extends the overall lifespan of the power pack 104.
In an embodiment, the processing module 110 is configured to compare the identified max-temperature value with a lookup table, to derive the flowrate corresponding to the identified max-temperature value. The processing module 110 is configured to compare the identified max-temperature value with a predefined lookup table containing a set of temperature-to-flow rate values. The processing module 110 identifies the highest temperature from the temperature sensors 114 and refers to the lookup table to determine the corresponding flow rate matching the identified max-temperature value. The lookup table is designed based on the system's operational requirements, wherein each temperature value correlates to a specific flow rate of a cooling fluid, air, or any other thermal management medium. Consequently, comparing the max-temperature value with the lookup table ensures that the cooling or heat dissipation mechanism is adjusted according to the severity of the thermal condition detected. Further, via a lookup table, the processing module quickly and accurately determines the required flow rate of cooling agents or fans necessary to bring the temperature down to a safe range. Consequently, the thermal management of the overall system is responsive to varying conditions, allowing for more efficient cooling when needed and avoiding over-cooling or excessive energy consumption. Therefore, the processing module 110 fine-tunes the cooling performance based on the temperature conditions and optimizes energy use while maintaining safe operating temperatures.
In an embodiment, the processing module 110 is configured to generate a transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate, and send the generated transient pulse to the PWM circuit 108, for modulating the flowrate of the coolant pump 102. The processing module 110 generates a transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate and sends the generated transient pulse to the PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) 108 circuit to modulate the flowrate of the coolant pump 102. Specifically, identifying the required flowrate from the lookup table based on the max-temperature value enables the processing module 110 to convert the flowrate into a transient pulse consisting of a time-varying signal representing the required flowrate. The transient pulse contains a pulse width, frequency, and duty cycle corresponding to the derived flowrate, to control the speed or power of the coolant pump 102. The generated pulse is then transmitted to the PWM circuit 108 to adjust the flow of the coolant by controlling the pump motor speed or operation, ensuring the overall power pack temperature stays within safe thermal limits. Advantageously, based on the transient pulse the processing module 110 modulates the cooling capacity in real-time, ensuring that the power pack 104 maintains optimal temperature conditions, particularly in stages of high load or rapid temperature fluctuations.
Figure 2 describes a method of operating a coolant pump 102 associated with a liquid cooled powerpack 104. The method 200 starts at a step 202. At the step 202, the method 200 comprises receiving a set of temperature values corresponding to the plurality of cell arrays 112, via a thermal module 106. At a step 204, the method 200 comprises identifying a max-temperature value from the received set temperature values, via a processing module 110. At a step 206, the method 200 comprises comparing the identified max-temperature value with a lookup table, via the processing module 110. At a step 208, the method 200 comprises deriving the flowrate corresponding to the identified max-temperature value, via the processing module 110. At a step 210, the method 200 comprises generating and sending a transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate to a PWM circuit 108, via the processing module 110.
In accordance with a second aspect, there is described a method 200 of operating a coolant pump 102 associated with a liquid cooled powerpack 104, the method 200 comprises:
- receiving a set of temperature values corresponding to the plurality of cell arrays 112, via a thermal module 106;
- identifying a max-temperature value from the received set temperature values, via a processing module 110;
- comparing the identified max-temperature value with a lookup table, via the processing module 110;
- deriving the flowrate corresponding to the identified max-temperature value, via the processing module 110; and
- generating and sending a transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate to a PWM circuit 108, via the processing module 110.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises receiving a set of temperature values corresponding to the plurality of cell arrays 112, via a thermal module 106.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises identifying a max-temperature value from the received set temperature values, via a processing module 110.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises comparing the identified max-temperature value with a lookup table, via the processing module 110.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises deriving the flowrate corresponding to the identified max-temperature value, via the processing module 110.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises generating and sending a transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate to a PWM circuit 108, via the processing module 110.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises modulating the flowrate of the coolant pump 102, via the PWM circuit 108.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises receiving a set of temperature values corresponding to the plurality of cell arrays 112, via a thermal module 106. Further, the method 200 comprises identifying a max-temperature value from the received set temperature values, via a processing module 110. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises comparing the identified max-temperature value with a lookup table, via the processing module 110. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises deriving the flowrate corresponding to the identified max-temperature value, via the processing module 110. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises generating and sending a transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate to a PWM circuit 108, via the processing module 110. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises modulating the flowrate of the coolant pump 102, via the PWM circuit 108.
In an embodiment, the method 200 comprises receiving a set of temperature values corresponding to the plurality of cell arrays 112, via a thermal module 106. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises identifying a max-temperature value from the received set temperature values, via a processing module 110. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises comparing the identified max-temperature value with a lookup table, via the processing module 110. Furthermore, deriving the flowrate corresponding to the identified max-temperature value, via the processing module 110. Furthermore, the method 200 comprises generating and sending a transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate to a PWM circuit 108, via the processing module 110.
Based on the above-mentioned embodiments, the present disclosure provides significant advantages of improved adjustment of the coolant flowrate in real-time, and thereby, reducing the energy consumption of the coolant pump.
It would be appreciated that all the explanations and embodiments of the system 100 also apply mutatis-mutandis to the method 200.
In the description of the present invention, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms “disposed,” “mounted,” and “connected” are to be construed broadly, and may for example be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, either mechanically or electrically. They may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Modifications to embodiments and combinations of different embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the accompanying claims. Expressions such as “including”, “comprising”, “incorporating”, “have”, and “is” used to describe and claim the present disclosure are intended to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, namely allowing for items, components or elements not explicitly described also to be present. Reference to the singular is also to be construed to relate to the plural where appropriate.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to a number of illustrative embodiments thereof, it should be understood that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure. More particularly, various variations and modifications are possible in the component parts and/or arrangements of the subject combination arrangement within the scope of the present disclosure, the drawings, and the appended claims. In addition to variations and modifications in the component parts and/or arrangements, alternative uses will also be apparent to those skilled in the art.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:
1. A system (100) for operating a coolant pump (102) associated with a liquid cooled powerpack (104), the system (100) comprises:
- a thermal module (106) coupled with the liquid cooled powerpack (104);
- a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit (108) configured to modulate flowrate of the coolant pump (102); and
- a processing module (110) coupled with the thermal module (106) and the PWM circuit (108),
wherein the PWM circuit (108) is configured to control the duty cycle of the coolant pump (102) based on a transient pulse received from the processing module (110).

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid cooled powerpack (104) comprises a plurality of cell arrays (112).

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thermal module (106) comprises a plurality of temperature sensors (114).

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of temperature sensors (114) are connected with the plurality of cell arrays (112).

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing module (110) is configured to receive a set of temperature values corresponding to the plurality of cell arrays (112), from the thermal module (106).

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing module (110) is configured to identify a max-temperature value from the received set temperature values.

7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing module (110) is configured to compare the identified max-temperature value with a lookup table, to derive the flowrate corresponding to the identified max-temperature value.

8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing module (110) is configured to generate the transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate, and send the generated transient pulse to the PWM circuit (108), for modulating the flowrate of the coolant pump (102).

9. A method (200) of operating a coolant pump (102) associated with a liquid cooled powerpack (104), the method (200) comprises:
- receiving a set of temperature values corresponding to the plurality of cell arrays (112), via a thermal module (106);
- identifying a max-temperature value from the received set temperature values, via a processing module (110);
- comparing the identified max-temperature value with a lookup table, via the processing module (110);
- deriving the flowrate corresponding to the identified max-temperature value, via the processing module (110); and
- generating and sending a transient pulse corresponding to the derived flowrate to a PWM circuit (108), via the processing module (110).

10. The method (200) as claimed in claim 12, the method (200) comprises modulating the flowrate of the coolant pump (102), via the PWM circuit (108).